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Geraets, Julie Ann. "Minnesota Chamber of Commerce aligning employees with brand values /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006geraetsj.pdf.
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Tatman, Arthur T. "Colonia, commerce, and consuls The Dallas Mexican Chamber of Commerce, the early years, 1939--1948 /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : Proquest, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=997888641&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1187821089&clientId=57025.
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Kridler, Jamie Branam. "Senior Interns and Faculty Partnerships with Chamber of Commerce Research Projects." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5868.
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Suthikarnnarunai, Nanthi. "Improving transportation service for the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3326430.
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Thesis (D.Eng. in Engineering Management)--S.M.U.Title from PDF title page (viewed Oct. 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: B, page: 4401. Adviser: Eli V. Olinick. Includes bibliographical references.
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Arthabowornpisan, Orachorn. "The Development of the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Bangkok, Thailand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331505/.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the development of Thailand's oldest private university, the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Bangkok, Thailand, from 1963 to 1987.
This historical research used records and documents which are primary sources from the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce and the Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand together with interviews with the chairman of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, president, faculty and staff of the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce. Secondary sources were reports and publications from the Ministry of University Affairs and libraries in Thailand.
The areas of emphasis in the study were government policies on private higher education, legislation that initiated the founding of the University, the founder, the university's goals, the university's organizational structure, financial sources, admission policies, physical plants, programs, faculty and students.
It was found that the Thai government encourages the establishment of private higher education institutions. The Private Higher Educational Institution Act of 1979 was enacted to allow Private universities to be equal to government universities.
The university of the Thai Chamber of Commerce was founded by the Thai Chamber of Commerce with the purpose of training Thai students for the business sector and promoting the economic stability of the nation. The university's organizational structure is centralized and is self-supporting. The university strives for academic excellence, and thus supports the development of the nation.
Suggestions for further study include: (a) the study of private higher education institutions which were established with all of the various fields of study in place, and (b) a study to identify factors that will contribute to the future development of the university of the Thai Chamber of Commerce and other private universities in Thailand.
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Maierová, Věra. "Význam obchodních komor pro český zahraniční obchod." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191558.
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The thesis focuses on the chambers of commerce and other institutions to support foreign trade of the Czech Republic. It analyses the effect of the Chamber of Commerce, ICC and other state institutions to promote exports. The main topic of this thesis are territorial Chambers of Commerce in the Czech Republic, their function and effect on foreign trade. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the possible way how to increase trade with countries in the region of Asia.
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Mahony, Linda MacDonald. "A History of DALLAS Magazine and Its Changing Roles in the Dallas Chamber." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500308/.
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This study explains the development of DALLAS magazine from its beginnings and changes in sixty-three years in content and format, departments, staff, and editorial policy. The study shows how DALLAS developed, reflecting the history of the City of Dallas' economic and business growth, and the Chamber of Commerce viewpoints since 1922. Concluding, the study reveals that the magazine projected the Dallas Chamber's viewpoints, that the magazine reported only positive images of the City of Dallas and its economy, that the magazine chronicled the changes in journalistic writing and graphic arts technology, that the magazine's audience remained the business leaders of the community, and that staff members progressively became better qualified for their positions.
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Inouye, Katie. "A program evaluation of the Hudson Area Chamber of Commerce and Tourism Bureau's Leadership Hudson Program." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007inouyek.pdf.
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Salzmann, Walter Henri. "Bedrijfsleven, overheid en handelsbevordering : The Netherlands chamber of commerce in the United States, Inc. 1903-1987 /." [S.l. : s.n], 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40124527f.
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Audelo, Villalobos Gerardo. "Diagnóstico y Propuesta de Solución de un Problema Identificado en la Greater Washington Hispanic Chamber of Commerce." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lni/audelo_v_g/.
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Himango, Stephanie V. "The American Chamber of Commerce (Hong Kong) : an analysis of a dual purpose business and political organization /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18061898.
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Koráb, Jan. "Role hospodářských komor v exportní politice Rakouska." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11698.
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Austria, a small Central European economy belongs to the winners of globalization. Its involvement in world's international trade has been remarkable and is generally seen as one of the crucial factors of its GDP growth. Austrian exporters have become an example of efficiency for all the other in-county industries, as well as a proud of leading politicians. The Austrian Chamber of Commerce is self-managed and led by its members, not only big, but in over 90 %, small and medium size enterprises. Internationalization and the support of barrier free international trade belong among its most important goals. Therefore the Chamber of Commerce founded its International Trade Branch, which has a network of 108 offices worldwide and aims to be the world's biggest organization of a kind. This network supports Austrian entrepreneurs in developing their international business activities.
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Troup, Tammy L. "Building East Akron: the Local Vision of F.A. Seiberling and the City of Akron." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1210785106.
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Borba, Igor M. "International Arbitration: A comparative study of the AAA and ICC rules." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/20.
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Dona, Rafaella Natalia Schenatto. "A importância das Câmaras do Comércio e Indústria nas negociações internacionais : o caso da Câmara do comércio e Indústria Luso-Brasileira." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14010.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO seguinte trabalho final de mestrado tem como tema "A Importância das Câmaras do Comércio e Indústria nas Negociações Internacionais: O Caso da Câmara do Comércio e Indústria Luso-Brasileira", tendo esta dissertação o propósito de identificar quais os seus papéis nas negociações internacionais. Tem como finalidade também, analisar como a CCILB viabilizam as negociações internacionais e identificar os pontos fortes e fracos da Câmara do Comércio e Indústria Luso-brasileira (CCILB), quais são suas limitações e como superam essas dificuldades. A metodologia escolhida para a realização da dissertação foi o estudo de caso, deveu-se ao caráter de novidade da abordagem e à especificidade dos objeto e objetivo de estudo, relacionados diretamente a CCILB enquanto facilitador das negociações internacionais. No que toca a Revisão de literatura foram abordados temas como o conceito da negociação, estilos de negociação, negociação no contexto internacional e as etapas da negociação internacional.
The following master's thesis has as its theme "The Importance of Chambers of Commerce and Industry in International Negotiations: The Case of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Luso-Brazilian", this dissertation aiming to identify the roles of Chambers of Commerce and Industry in international negotiations. Its purpose is also to analyze how the Chambers of Commerce and Industry enable international negotiations and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Luso-Brazilian (CCILB), what are the limitations that the chambers of commerce face and how they overcome These difficulties. The methodology chosen for the realization of the dissertation was due to the newness of the approach and the specificity of the object and purpose of study directly related to CCILB as a facilitator of international negotiations. As regards Literature Review, topics such as the concept of negotiation, negotiation styles, negotiation in the international context and the key role of the chambers of commerce and industry in international negotiations were discussed.
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Andriamasinoro, Vakana Miaina. "Territoire et répertoire du lobbying patronal : le cas des Chambres de commerce et d'industrie en Rhône-Alpes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH019/document.
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"Le pouvoir n'est rien, seule compte l'influence". Cette pensée du philosophe grec Hérodote constitue le points de départ et le fil conducteur de la présente recherche. Elle pose l'idée de l'influence qui fait partie intégrante du processus décisionnel. La décision politique contemporaine obéit à ce même principe, celui d'un pouvoir qui ne peut plus décider seul, sans concertation, sans choisir de subir la pression des lobbies de toute nature qui se constituent à l'occasion d'une décision (Giuliani, 1991). Le lobbying, en tant qu'activité d'influence, apparaît alors comme un phénomène indissociable de la décision publique. Pour déterminer l'État, il faut alors prendre en considération les « rapports de forces mouvants » (Culpepper et al., 2006) qui y existent. En France, lobbying et groupes d'intérêt connaissent un discrédit qui tend à ignorer le rôle qu'ils peuvent jouer dans les politiques publiques. Les Chambres de commerce et d'industrie font partie de ces groupes qui restent méconnus malgré leur mission de représentation de l'intérêt économique des entreprises. Il est alors intéressant de rendre compte de ce lobbying dans le contexte français à travers l'usage qu'en font les Chambres de commerce et d'industrie. La recherche représente un double intérêt : celui d'étudier un acteur de politique publique original et le répertoire d'action qu'il mobilise pour tenter d'influer sur la décision publique. Ainsi, si Robert Dahl s'interrogeait de savoir « qui gouverne » (1961), il nous apparaît important de nous demander aussi : « comment gouverner » et « avec qui gouverner » aujourd'hui ? Notre recherche vise alors à répondre à la problématique : dans quelle mesure un groupe d'intérêt peut-il concrètement agir sur le processus de politique publique ? Ainsi, pourrons-nous analyser ce que le groupe, notamment ses moyens d'action, enseignent sur le fonctionnement de l'action publique contemporaine, car comme l'avait affirmé Arthur Bentley dès 1908 dans son célèbre ouvrage The process of government : A study of social pressure : « Quand le groupe est expliqué, tout est expliqué »As Greek philosopher said: "Power is nothing, influence only countsé". This is the starting point and the thread of this research. It puts down the idea of influence, which is an integral part of the decision-making. The contemporary political decision obeys the same principle, that of a power who cannot decide alone, without consultation, without choosing to undergo the pressure of lobbies of all kinds that are formed in the occasion of a decision (Giuliani, 1991). The lobbying, as an activity of influence, appears then as an inseparable phenomenon of the public decision. In order to determine the State, it is therefore necessary to take into account the "unstable balance of power" (Culpepper et al., 2006) that exists there. In France, lobbying and interest groups are experiencing a discredit which tends to ignore the role that they can play in the public policies. The Chambers of commerce and industry are part of those groups that remain unknown despite their task of representing the economic interests of companies. It is therefore interesting to report this type of French lobbying through the use made from the Chambers of commerce and industry. Our research presents a double interest: to study an original actor of public policy and also the directory of action which he mobilizes in order to try to influence the public decision. So, if Robert Dahl questioned in 1961 about "who governs", it seems important nowadays to wonder about: "how to govern" and "with who"? Our research aims then to answer the following question: to what extent an interest group can concretely act on the public policy process and what does it teach us about the functioning of the contemporary public action? Thus, we can analyze what the group, and in particular its means of action, can teach us about the functioning of the contemporary public action, because as noted by Arthur Bentley, in 1908, in his famous book entitled The process of government: A study of social pressure: “When group is explained, everything is explained”
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Al-Eida, Saeed. "Le crédit documentaire et l'inopposabilité des exceptions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D016.
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Les exigences et les risques du commerce international ont fait apparaître, au début du XXème siècle, une technique juridique adaptée au rapport entre exportateurs et importateurs. Il s'agit tout particulièrement du crédit documentaire qui peut être défini comme l'opération par laquelle la banque de l'acheteur s'engage à régler le prix des marchandises au vendeur, lorsque celui-ci remettra les documents attestant l'expédition des marchandises. Ces derniers peuvent être soit un connaissement, une facture, une lettre de transport, soit même une assurance. Toutefois, l'absence d'une règlementation précise concernant le crédit documentaire a mobilisé les praticiens, ce qui a abouti en 1993 à la naissance des «Règles et Usances Uniformes relatives aux crédits documentaires» (RUU), œuvre de la Chambre de Commerce Internationale. Aujourd'hui faute de législation de source nationale ou internationale régulant le crédit documentaire, elles s'appliquent après adhésion volontaire soit par le système bancaire d'un pays donné, soit par adhésion individuelle de banques,«à tous les crédits documentaires sauf dispositions contraires stipulées expressément par les parties». Ces pratiques sont parallèlement efficaces car elles s'appuient sur des techniques bancaires éprouvées dans la règle de l'inopposabilité des exceptionsRequirements and risks of international trade have created, in the early twentieth century, a legal technique adapted to the relationship between exporter and importer. This is especially the documentary credit, which can be defined as a transaction in which the buyer's bank agrees to pay the price of goods to the seller, when he will submit documentation confirming the shipping of the goods. This can be either a bill of lading an invoice, or even an insurance police... However, the absence of specific regulations concerning the documentary credit decided the practitioners to give birth, in 1993, of the «Uniform Customs and Practice on Documentary Credit» (UCP), the creation of the International Chamber of Commerce. Today, because of the lack of legislation regulating national or international documentary credit source, these rules apply, after voluntary decision of the parties or by the banking system of a said country or by individual adoption by the banks, to « all documentary credits unless otherwise as expressly provided by the parties». These practices are also effective because they rely on proven banking techniques in the rule of unenforceable exceptions
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Rochefort, Philippe. "La Chambre de Commerce américaine en France et les filiales américaines (1890-1990) : cohérences et dissonances." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040226.
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Les entreprises américaines implantées en France ont été étudiées de 1890 à 1990 à partir des archives de la Chambre de Commerce américaine en France (AmCham). Cette source permet d’analyser les actions collectives qu’elles ont menées et l’influence qu’elles ont eue sur le milieu des entreprises françaises, dans cinq périodes successives où la cohérence entre leurs actions et celles des autorités américaines a été plus ou moins étroite. Dans la première période (1890-1914), l’AmCham est un club de riches hommes d’affaires dans un environnement prestigieux. Dans la deuxième (1914-1945), elle est une association d’entreprises, plus nombreuses mais placées dans un contexte de guerre et de crise, sans stratégie commune. Dans la troisième (1945-1970), elle est un outil efficace du Plan Marshall puis du « défi américain ». Dans la quatrième (1970-1990), les implantations se multiplient mais la montée en puissance de l’union européenne, les réticences américaines sur l’investissement à l’étranger et la francisation des filiales américaines font apparaître des facteurs de fragilité et finalement dans la cinquième (après 1990), l’AmCham, dont l’influence a décliné, cherche, avec difficulté, des éléments de solidarité entre ses adhérents dans le contexte nouveau de la mondialisation. A partir de cette source, on a étudié les interactions culturelles entre l’AmCham et son milieu et la diffusion du modèle de management américain, qui a conduit à une forte francisation des filiales américaines en FranceAmerican firms in France have been studied from 1890 to 1990, from the archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in France (AmCham). This source provides the elements of an analysis of the collective actions they implemented and the influence they had on French firms over five successive periods where there was more or less a consistency between their actions and the US government’s decisions. In the first periode (1890-1914), AmCham was a club of wealthy businessmen in a prestigious environment. In the second one (1914-1945), it was an employer’s association, with more members but in a context of wars and crisis, without a common strategy. In the third one (1945-1970), it was an efficient instrument of the Marshall Plan and later the « American challenge ». In the fourth one (1970-1990), with a growing number of firms, with the European project gaining ground, US policy’s reluctance to FDI and US firms becoming more and more « frenchized », significant factors of fragility appeared and finally in the fifth one (after 1990), AmCham, whose influence has diminished, is trying painfully to identify new elements of solidarity between its members in the new context of globalization. From this source, the study focuses on cultural interactions between AmCham and its environment and the spread of the American management model, which led to a large « frenchization » of American subsidiaries in France
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Horká, Jitka. "Úloha italských obchodních komor v podnikatelském prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15372.
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This master thesis deals with the role of Italian Chambers of Commerce within international entrepreneurial environment. An overall analysis of Italian entrepreneurial environment is elaborated in terms of macroeconomic indicators and their last development, investment environment and characteristic features of Italian economy. The thesis analyses the system of Italian chambers of commerce in Italy and abroad, their function and role within nowadays society and everyday life of Italian businessmen and their business partners. It describes the history of Italian chambers of commerce, introduces Italian chambers of commerce under the rule of law no. 580/1993 and deals with their authorities, financing and staff. It characterises also the Union of Italian Chambers of Commerce (Unioncamere) and representation of Italian chambers of commerce within the European Union and it deals with the activity of the Association of Italian Chambers of Commerce Abroad (Assocamerestero). On the concrete case of the Italian-Czech Chamber of Commerce in Prague it describes the specifics of the activities of this chamber of commerce.
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Iguíñiz, Echeverria Javier María. "Lucha, ¿contra qué pobreza?" Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116924.
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In this paper we present one of the origins of what is being called today: the “struggle against poverty”. We extract some of the main aspects of the proposal entitled The Concept of Poverty presented by the Chamber of Commerce of the USA in 1965. Our main point is that the nature of the poverty they try to confront corresponds to that existing in that country, and it is quite different from the one most massively present in underdeveloped countries.En este artículo presentaremos una de las génesis de lo que actualmente es, para muchos, lo más original de la política social: la lucha contra la pobreza. Para ello recurriremos principalmente a un esfuerzo pionero de reorientación de dicha lucha que se presentó en un folleto de la Cámara de Comercio de los EEUU, editado en 1965, con el título The Concept of Poverty, donde se hacen las distinciones y deslindes conceptuales que nos permiten establecer buena parte del ámbito asignado a la lucha contra la pobreza en la actualidad. Ello implicó definir de cierta manera la situación de pobreza y a los pobres. Es necesario establecer en qué medida dicha pobreza corresponde con la propia de nuestros países.
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Rivarola, Reisz José Domingo, and del Prado Chaves Fabio Núñez. "Nulla executio sine titulo: the scrutiny of awards in the practice of international arbitration as a mechanism to optimize the enforcement of awards in Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115529.
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What is «liquidable» and how should this concept be faced by arbitrators and judges? Can an enforcement judge determine concepts such as costs, interests and/or penalties if the arbitral tribunal has not provided any parameters? What fundamental rights might be violated? In accordance with international arbitration practice, we will deal here with the problems arising from the division of functions between judges and arbitrators in relation to the enforcement of the «liquidable» concepts.¿Qué es lo «liquidable» y cómo debe ser este concepto enfrentado por los árbitros y jueces? ¿Puede un juez en ejecución determinar conceptos como costas, intereses y/o las penalidades sin que el tribunal arbitral le haya brindado ningún parámetro?¿Qué derechos fundamentales están en juego? En función de la práctica arbitral internacional, nos ocuparemos de los problemas que surgen por la división de funciones entre jueces y árbitros en relación con la ejecución de lo «liquidable».
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Martin, Nicolas. "De la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle aux bureaux de Versailles, les relations commerciales entre droit romain et Europe du Nord au XVIIIe siècle : la voile rochelaise dans l'ombre de la Hanse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD035.
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Créée en 1719 pour lancer une nouvelle représentation de la sphère « commerciale » au sein de la généralité, la Chambre de commerce de La Rochelle, point central d’une organisation institutionnelle complexe, participe activement à la vie politique et économique du royaume. Malgré la rivalité organique qui la fragilise, cette neuvième chambre parvient finalement à se présenter comme l’interlocuteur privilégié du négociant et son plus fervent défenseur. En tant qu’intermédiaire entre les rouages du pouvoir et les maisons de commerce, elle devient le pilier du négoce de la généralité et aussi sa mémoire, en collectant une abondante correspondance et de nombreux écrits touchant au commerce. Inscrite dans une logique de participation mais aussi de contestation, sa défense des intérêts locaux au sein du vaste intérêt national trouve tout particulièrement à s’exprimer dans les relations commerciales avec l’Europe du Nord. Certes, les préoccupations essentielles du commerce sont ailleurs, dans la mesure où ce circuit maritime ne saurait rivaliser en importance avec le trafic colonial et la traite négrière. Pour autant, les négociants rochelais n’entendent pas se résigner à la situation de fait qui prévaut dans la route du Nord : des denrées coloniales et des marchandises françaises fort convoitées par l’espace septentrional, mais transportées presque exclusivement sous pavillon étranger. Connus pour être de « grands disputeurs et faiseurs de mémoires », les Rochelais ne manquent pas d’analyser au fond les causes de la crise du commerce direct entre le Nord de l’Europe et le royaume. Ils dénoncent non seulement la mainmise quasi hégémonique des Anglais et des Hollandais sur cette voie d’échanges, mais également les mesures adoptées par les bureaux de Versailles qu’ils jugent trop timides. Cette réalité, expliquée jusqu’alors par des considérations d’ordre économique, politique et culturel, se colore de tout autres teintes si l’on prend en considération la norme juridique. Analysée à plusieurs niveaux et dans plusieurs dimensions, cette dernière révèle une inégalité de traitement manifeste entre négociants français et étrangers. Ententes diplomatiques, traités internationaux, législation douanière, cadre institutionnel, toutes les composantes de la règle de droit jouent un rôle important dans le fonctionnement de ce circuit maritime. Toutefois, la corrélation entre la règle de droit et le commerce du Nord ne saurait être appréhendée par la seule étude des échanges avec le port de La Rochelle. Le regard doit se porter également vers les modèles institutionnels et douaniers septentrionaux. Or ces derniers confirment que la spécificité de la norme juridique dans certains États du Nord constitue un élément déterminant de cette carte maritime. Et au-delà de ce constat, l’analyse attentive de l’un des plus anciens monuments du droit maritime médiéval, par ailleurs à l’origine de la ligue hanséatique, conduit à une singulière découverte : ce texte, connu sous le nom de « Lois de Visby » laisse transparaître, dans le berceau même de l’Europe du Nord, une très nette influence romaineCreated in 1719 to launch a new representation of the "trade” sphere within the general population, the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce, the central point of a complex institutional organization, participates actively in the political and economic life of the kingdom. In spite of the organic rivalry which weakens it, this ninth Chamber succeeds finally in becoming the privileged representative of the trader and its most fervent supporter. As the middleman between the wheels of power and the trading companies, it becomes not only the mainstay of popular trade, but also its recorder, by collecting numerous items of correspondence and papers relating to trade. In a policy of both participation and dispute, its defense of local interests within the vast national interest is especially to be found in business relations with Northern Europe. Admittedly, the main trade concerns are elsewhere, as this maritime circuit could never compete in importance with colonial traffic and the slave trade. For all that, the Rochelais traders do not intend to give up - which is shown in the route to the North: colonial commodities and French products, strongly desired by the North, but transported almost exclusively under a foreign flag. Famous for being "big debaters and memory makers", the Rochelais do not fail to analyze the root causes of the direct business crisis between Northern Europe and the kingdom. They denounce not only the almost hegemonic control that both the English and the Dutch have over these trade routes, but also the measures adopted by the Versailles offices which they consider too timid. This reality, explained until then, by economic, political and cultural considerations, looks completely different if we consider the legal rule. Analyzed on several levels and in several dimensions, the latter reveals an obvious disparity of treatment between French and foreign traders. Diplomatic agreements, international treaties, customs legislation, institutional framework, all the components of legal rule, play an important role in the functioning of this maritime circuit. However, the correlation between legal rule and trade with the North could not be explained merely by the observance of trade exchanges with the port of La Rochelle. The northern institutional and customs models must also be examined. And yet these models confirm that the specificity of legal rule in some Northern States constitutes a determining element of this maritime chart. Furthermore, the careful analysis of one of the oldest monuments of medieval maritime law, at the origin of the Hanseatic league, leads to a singular discovery: this text, known by the name of "Lois de Visby" shows clearly, in the cradle of Northern Europe, a very clear Roman influence
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Zralá, Lucie. "Mezinárodní kupní smlouva - nástroje regulace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114392.
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The essay focuses on the issue of the international regulation of international sales contracts. It analyses the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods and documents published by the International Chamber of Commerce and by other organisations active in harmonisation and unification of instruments of regulation of international sales contracts. So, the goal of the essay is to decide whether the documents help to remove the barriers of the international trade and whether the documents do not overlap the Convention.
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Arshi, Tahseen Anwer. "Entrepreneurial orientation and its impact on innovation intensity in the Omani corporate sector." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622108.
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Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is a widely researched construct of corporate entrepreneurship. Despite long-standing research on EO, past studies on this construct have been unable to resolve issues related to its measurement. Innovation Intensity (II) is also a dynamic construct of corporate entrepreneurship but has received relatively less empirical attention. Previous research has reported an absence of an empirically validated quantitative scale of innovation, particularly innovation intensity. This research has addressed these gaps by proposing a refinement and validation of the Entrepreneurial Orientation scale and the development of an Innovation Intensity scale. The research proposes an Entrepreneurial Transformational Model (ETM) positing that EO impacts II. A predominantly quantitative research strategy supported by qualitative inputs, is employed to obtain empirical data from 404 corporate firms in Oman, drawing from a list of corporate firms registered with the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry. A mix of questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews was conducted with senior managers from firms representing various industries of the Omani corporate sector. Utilising exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM), a two-stage data analysis approach was adopted. Measurement and structural models were developed for EO and II measures, while a complete SEM model was developed to test the causal relationship between EO and II. The results indicate that EO is a second-order construct consisting of five first-order factors, namely ready to innovate, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy, risk taking and proactiveness, which are its reflective components. Similarly, II is a second-order construct consisting of two first-order factors, namely degree and frequency of incremental and radical innovation, which are its reflective components. The II scale developed through this study allows corporate firms to assess their innovation intensity on a two-dimensional four-celled grid with varying levels of degree and frequency of innovation. Finally, EO is found to influence II and the entire relationship is posited as Entrepreneurial Transformation Model. This study, by addressing the empirical irregularities, has brought clarity to the measurement of EO and II constructs and is an original contribution to the advancement of theoretical knowledge and improvement in professional practice.
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Salíni, Linda. "Nové formy inštitucionálneho zaisťovania proexportnej politiky v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75440.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides an overview of the importance of exports for the Czech economy and the main instruments used for support of exports by state and private institutions. It also presents new export activities of a non-state institution - International Chamber of Commerce in the Czech Republic (ICC Czech Republic), which is the general public not sufficiently aware of. The work contains opinions and positions of entities being directly affected by state export promotion in the Czech Republic - particularly small and medium enterprises, large exporters, and commercial banks - and also their specific requirements for the content of state export strategy. Their opinions are derived from various surveys and analysis and based on the information obtained from ICC Czech Republic. To create high-quality export strategy, it is necessary for the Ministry of Industry and Trade to cooperate with all relevant subjects such as EGAP, Czech Export Bank, Czech Chamber of Commerce, ICC Czech Republic, but especially with the business community. The strategy also needs to include the consolidation of state export promotion services, the allocation of sufficient funds for the Czech Export Bank and EGAP, the involvement of commercial banks in foreign trade finance and enhancement of international competitiveness of Czech exports. Thus can only be increased its contribution to individual subjects of foreign trade and the State itself.
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Vykoukalová, Jana. "Česko-německá obchodní a průmyslová komora a její význam pro obchodní spolupráci mezi ČR a SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193018.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on the importance of the German-Czech Chamber of Industry and Commerce for business cooperation between the Czech Republic and Germany, especially with a focus on the participation of Czech companies at trade fairs in Germany and German companies at the Czech trade fairs. The theoretical part describes the history of relation between the Czech Republic and Germany, Czech and German cultural standards, trade between these two states, foreign trade investment and the exhibiton industry in the Czech Republic and Germany. In the following chapters are introduced the German-Czech Chamber of Industry and Commerce and its activities, offered services, structure and five trade fairs which represents the Chamber. One part of the practical part is the assessment of the participation at trade fairs, communication with the Chamber and cultural standards by the Czech and German companies.
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Wong, Katrine Victoria. "Wang Xiaolai 王曉籟 (1887-1967) : a biography." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2121.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est centré sur Wang Xiaolai 王曉籟 (1887-1967) dont les nombreux engagements dans des domaines tels que le commerce, la finance, la politique et la santé ont fait de lui un acteur exceptionnel de la vie économique et même spirituellede sa cité, Shanghai. Toutefois, ses talents, pour avoir été reconnus au cours des trois périodes clés de l'histoire chinoise dont il a vécu les bouleversements, à savoir : un empire mandchou à son déclin, et deux républiques successives, n'ont pas pour autant fait l'objet à ce jour d'une étude approfondie. Aussi, nous sommes-nous donné pour tâche de réparer cet oubli de l'histoire, en menant une enquête biographique aussi serrée que possible, interrogeant tout d'abord, les archives occidentales et chinoises, la presse écrite, les annales locales. Puis, nous avons accordé une attention toute particulière à l'histoire orale qui est à l'origine de cet effort doctoral. Originaire de Shengxian, dans la province du Zhejiang, Wang Xiaolai par sa position dominante en tant que grand entrepreneur shanghaien des années 20 et 30, financier, président de la puissante Chambre de Commerce de Shanghai mais aussi premier président de la Chambre de Commerce de Zhabei, a acquis une position centrale au coeur même des réseaux des affaires, des finances et de l’industrie du Shanghai républicain. De l’Hôpital Zhixiang, dont il fut le fondateur, au Bouddhiste laïque, et fervent personnage du “visage peint” de l’opéra chinois, à la tête d’une immense fortune et d’une grande famille, Wang Xiaolai apparaît comme un homme d’une débordante énergie. Cette quête biographique se penche sur les évènements historiques qui ont marqué son parcours, et les aspects de sa vie qui ont inspiré ses aspirations et motivé ses ambitions. La recherche trace son ascension financière et politique, et identifie les principaux tournants de sa vie, ainsi que les liens qu’il a forgés avec les principaux personnages de l’époque. Du jeune membre du Guangfuhui, Société pour la Restauration, qui avait pour objectif de renverser les empereurs Qing, Wang rejoint la milice marchande de Zhabei. Il évolue sous le gouvernement nationaliste comme agent de changement politique, tout en demeurant un acteur autonome et puissant dans sa communauté. Il s’est montré déterminé à lutter contre l’agression japonaise lorsque celle-ci s’intensifie. Pendant la guerre, Wang s’exile dans l’arrière-pays de la Chine pour administrer des dispositifs d’aide et de secour, et supervise les ravitaillements qui passent par la Route de Birmanie. Au final ressurgit le portrait d’un homme aux multiples facettes, qui s’est efforcé à travers les décennies de fonder une nation et qui reste une figure emblématique et visionnaire de son époque. C’est la biographie de cet homme singulier mais tout autant l’histoire du Shanghai républicain que nous présentons iciThis dissertation presents a documented biography of Wang Xiaolai 王曉籟 (1887- 1967), elite merchant of Republican Shanghai. The study of this hitherto unexplored life contributes to the lean biographical repertoire of notable figures of the era. A native of Shengxian, Zhejiang Province, Wang’s life spanned five decades of momentous social and political change in modern Chinese history, from late Imperial China, through Republican China, to Communist China. The biographical inquiry examines the historical events that influenced his path, and the facets of his life that inspired his aspirations and drove his ambitions. The research traces Wang’s ascent to financial and political prominence, and identifies the major turning points in his life and the bonds he forged with key figures of the era. From a Guangfuhui youth, Wang became a militia merchant of Zhabei. He evolved under the Nationalist Government as an agent of political change, yet remained a powerful and autonomous actor in his community. Wang demonstrated his resolve in his resistance against mounting Japanese aggression. An elite in exile during the war years, Wang traveled China’s interior administering relief aid and supervising supplies through the Burma Road. As a leading Shanghai entrepreneur, chairman of the powerful Shanghai Chamber of Commerce but also first chairman of the Zhabei Chamber of Commerce, leading lay Buddhist, philanthropic builder of the Zhixiang Hospital, spirited painted face of Chinese opera, patron of a huge fortune and patriarch of a huge family, Wang emerges as a man with boundless energy poised at the heart of social, business, and political Shanghai. Western and Chinese archives, newspapers, and local annals are among the primary sources on which the research is based. Oral history has a special place in this undertaking as it was the motivating factor of this endeavor. The final conclusion reveals a multi-faceted portrait of an emblematic and visionary nation-builder of Republican Shanghai, and is as much the trajectory of a singular individual as it is the history of Republican Shanghai
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Hult, Martina, Sara Svenblad, and Karin Axelsson. "Hur leker lika barn bäst? : - Utvecklande av generella riktlinjer vid förhandlingar mellan svenskainköpsavdelningar och tyska leverantörer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60488.
Full textAbstract:
Titel: Hur leker lika barn bäst? – Utvecklande av generella riktlinjer vid förhandlingar mellansvenska inköpsavdelningar och tyska leverantörerFörfattare: Karin Axelsson, Martina Hult och Sara SvenbladHandledare: Lisa MelanderBAKGRUND: Många studier har bedrivits om förhandlingsmönster, och på senare tid äveninternationella sådana. Detta på grund av internationaliseringen som ägt rum under de senasteårtiondena. Man har fokuserat på att beskriva svårigheter och utmaningar i exempelvis västerländsk-asiatisk förhandling, medan förhandlingar mellan två västerländska parter som allmäntanses vara relativt lika varandra har fått betydligt mindre uppmärksamhet. Den geografiska,kulturella och språkliga närheten vilseleder oss att tro att interaktioner av olika slag inte innebärnågra svårigheter för tyska respektive svenska parter. Vi hävdar att svensk-tysk förhandlinginnebär vissa utmaningar och att denna typ av förhandling kräver extra uppmärksamhet ijämförelse med en nationell förhandling, och att det är möjligt att utveckla vissa generellariktlinjer som man som svensk förhandlare bör ta i beaktande innan och under en förhandlingmed en tysk motpart.SYFTE: Att utveckla generella riktlinjer inför förhandlingar för svenska inköpsavdelningarsom kommer att förhandla med tyska leverantörer.GENOMFÖRANDE: Det empiriska materialet har samlats in via kvalitativa, semistruktureradeintervjuer med Exportrådet i Berlin, Tysk-Svenska Handelskammaren, SAAB Aerosystems,Toyota Material Handling Europe samt Scania. Samtliga har erfarenhet av förhandlingarmed Tyskland. Det teoretiska materialet har samlats in genom diverse relevant litteraturi form av böcker och artiklar.RESULTAT: Tyskland ses överlag som en önskvärd partner i förhandlingar då svenskar ochtyskar anses ha liknande tankesätt om hur förhandlingar bör struktureras och genomföras.Dock finns vissa moment som man som svensk förhandlare bör vara medveten om för attåstadkomma bästa möjliga utfall av förhandlingen. En modell har tagits fram i enlighet meddet material som framkommit under intervjuerna med respondenterna. Denna modell kan användassom riktlinje för vad man bör ta i beaktande och lägga vikt vid inför en förhandlingmed en tysk motpart. De faktorer som vi menar är extra kritiska och som svenska förhandlarebör överväga noggrant inför den ovan nämnda förhandlingssituationen är förberedelse, tydlighet, respekt för tid samt korrekthet. Alla dessa strategiska faktorer bör tas i beaktande medhjälp av en medvetenhet som skall finnas med genom hela förhandlingsprocessen. Vi hävdar att det faktum att samtliga av våra intervjupersoner upplever att tyskar i regel är bra förhandlingsparteroch att förhandlingar med tyska leverantörer generellt är relativt problemfria harsin grund i att intervjupersonerna dels är medvetna om de skillnader som föreligger i ländernasrespektive affärskultur, och dels att man på samtliga företag har långvariga relationer medsina leverantörer. Även det faktum att våra respondenter befinner sig i en köpsituation i förhandlingarnakan ha en inverkan på det generellt positiva utfallet.NYCKELORD: Förhandling, Tyskland, Sverige, inköp, leverantör, riktlinjer, Exportrådet,Tysk-Svenska Handelskammaren, SAAB Aerosystems, Toyota Material Handling Europe,Scania.
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Majer, Petr. "Analýza přínosů projektů OHK Brno pro podnikatele v regionu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221983.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to analyze the impact of a range of projects of Chamber of Commerce Brno on the entrepreneurs from the respective region. The thesis describes the structure and the overall operation of the Chamber of Commerce Brno as well as its several projects. In order to evaluate, there are three marketing researches that need to be taken into a consideration. Those marketing researches had been realised during the period of 2005 – 2007. Baring the results risen from the abovementioned marketing researchs in mind, the created situation has been assessed, and based on the personal experience the recommendations dedicated to the management have been created.
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Patring, Kristina. "Corporate social responsibility and human rights; : An examination of the Swedish National Contact Point of the OECD and other possible alternatives." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Etik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181785.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis firstly attempts to provide a theoretical basis for how the complex cases related to corporate misbehaviour in relation to human rights respect should be handled. Secondly, it attempts to critically examine how well the Swedish National Contact Point (SNCP) functionsin relation to its goals through the usage of elite interviews. Thirdly and finally it also explores the interest of concerned stakeholders in finding other non-judicial conflictmanagement mechanisms for cases within the CSR – human rights nexus at other mediation institutions such as the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) and/or the InternationalChamber of Commerce (ICC). The thesis argues that it is possible and advisable to apply Dworkin’s idea of hard cases to the conflictual cases appearing within CSR-human rights nexus in Sweden. It directs criticism towards the usage of opaque social pressure currently applied when hard cases within the CSR-human rights nexus are to be solved. It argues that usage of such pressure both makes it hard to follow up on decisions made and makes it questionable whether victims of human rights abuses related to corporate conduct are provided with effective access to remedy. It suggests that Dworkin’s general principles of equal respect and concern is a least common denominator for the demands placed on conflict management mechanisms within the CSRhuman rights nexus by both relevant soft law instruments and respondents in the elite interviews carried out for the thesis. As a result of the interview survey the thesis draws the conclusion that the SNCP to a major extent seems to have failed in the fulfilment of its goals and the expectations placed upon it as stipulated by the OECD 2000 guidelines. What is more the SNCP seems little equipped to meet the requirements of the 2011 version of the OECD guidelines and the UN Guiding Principles unless some sincere and large scale efforts are made by the Swedish government and other concerned parties in the SNC’s regeneration. The thesis found the interest among concerned stakeholders for alternative conflict management mechanisms at the SCC and the ICC to be generally low. Respondents generally thought that the challenges for such private institutions to procure the confidence of both sides in a conflict would be too difficult for them to overcome.
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Minty, Christopher. "Mobilization and voluntarism : the political origins of Loyalism in New York, c. 1768-1778." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21423.
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This dissertation examines the political origins of Loyalism in New York City between 1768 and 1778. Anchored by an analysis of political mobilization, this dissertation is structured into two parts. Part I has two chapters. Using a variety of private and public sources, the first chapter analyses how 9,338 mostly white male Loyalists in New York City and the counties of Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Westchester were mobilized. Chapter 1 argues that elites and British forces played a fundamental role in the broad-based mobilization of Loyalists in the province of New York. It also recognises that colonists signed Loyalist documents for many different reasons. The second chapter of Part I is a large-scale prosopographical analysis of the 9,338 identified Loyalists. This analysis was based on a diverse range of sources. This analysis shows that a majority of the province’s Loyalist population were artisans aged between 22 and 56 years of age. Part II of this dissertation examines political mobilization in New York City between 1768 and 1775. In three chapters, Part II illustrates how elite and non-elite white male New Yorkers coalesced into two distinct groups. Chapter 3 concentrates on the emergence of the DeLanceys as a political force in New York, Chapter 4 on their mobilization and coalescence into ‘the Friends to Liberty and Trade’, or ‘the Club’, and Chapter 5 examines the political origins of what became Loyalism by studying the social networks of three members of ‘the Club’. By incorporating an interdisciplinary methodology, Part II illustrates that members of ‘the Club’ developed ties with one another that transcended their political origins. It argues that the partisanship of New York City led members of ‘the Club’ to adopt inward-looking characteristics that affected who they interacted with on an everyday basis. A large proportion of ‘the Club’’s members became Loyalists in the American Revolution. This dissertation argues that it was the partisanship that they developed during the late 1760s and early 1770s that defined their allegiance.
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Jia-Hao, Zhou, and 周佳豪. "The Study of Tianjin Chamber of Commerce." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73586351101722545329.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立師範大學
歷史學系
86
The Tianjin Chamber of Commerce is a important chamber in northern China.This is because it has close relationship with Beiyang bureaucracy.So it isinteresting to observe the interaction between chamber of commerce and gov-erment. The Tianjin Chamber of Commerce was set up under the encouragement of Qinggoverment.The government hoped to unite the strengh of chinese merchants.Andthe chamber of commerce could help the goverment to promote the economic mod-ernization.SO a network of chamber is esteblished around the nation.This net-work was lead by the central governmet.Chinese merchants found it useful forunite their strength,so they hope to have their own organiztion independantfrom the government control.So there was a argument over the law. In addition to the development of chamber organization,the chambers of com-merce enthusiastically participated in the reform of economic and political affairs.In the sphere of economic sphere,Chinese merchants expressed opinionsabout tax reforms.They also esteblish many school to help students acquire kn-owledge about mercanic skills.Through newspaper,merchants can communicate ess-ential imformation about marketing. The tianjin Chamber of Commerce participated in many political movements.In spite of their paticipant,Tianjin merchant took somewhat conservative atti-tude toward those movements.This is perhaps because the leadership of TianjinChamber of commerce had a close relationship with Beiyang bureaucrates.SO Tian-jin merchants is less progressie than other place merchants,especiallt those in Shanghai.
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Zhou, Jia-Hao, and 周佳豪. "The Study of Tianjin Chamber of Commerce." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70294851144151615380.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
歷史學系
84
The Tianjin Chamber of Commerce is a important chamber in northern China.This is because it has close relationship with Beiyang bureaucracy.So it isinteresting to observe the interaction between chamber of commerce and gov-erment. The Tianjin Chamber of Commerce was set up under the encouragement of Qinggoverment.The government hoped to unite the strengh of chinese merchants.Andthe chamber of commerce could help the goverment to promote the economic mod-ernization.SO a network of chamber is esteblished around the nation.This net-work was lead by the central governmet.Chinese merchants found it useful forunite their strength,so they hope to have their own organiztion independantfrom the government control.So there was a argument over the law. In addition to the development of chamber organization,the chambers of com-merce enthusiastically participated in the reform of economic and political affairs.In the sphere of economic sphere,Chinese merchants expressed opinionsabout tax reforms.They also esteblish many school to help students acquire kn-owledge about mercanic skills.Through newspaper,merchants can communicate ess-ential imformation about marketing. The tianjin Chamber of Commerce participated in many political movements.In spite of their paticipant,Tianjin merchant took somewhat conservative atti-tude toward those movements.This is perhaps because the leadership of TianjinChamber of commerce had a close relationship with Beiyang bureaucrates.SO Tian-jin merchants is less progressie than other place merchants,especiallt those in Shanghai.
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Tomashot, Shane R. "Selling Peace: The History of the International Chamber of Commerce, 1919-1925." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/43.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a study of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) from its inception in 1919 to the Brussels Conference in 1925. The study argues, based upon evidence from ICC conference proceedings and reports that the ICC, as well as the League of Nations, was part of the pre-war Allied (the United States, Great Britain, and France) imperial project that sought to maintain Allied global hegemony following the Great War. The businessmen of the ICC, who had numerous Allied political ties, were descendants of the social Darwinist milieu, which guided their thought processes and perceptions of the world. Their belief that they operated in a globalized world was, therefore, a misconception. Business leaders were mistakenly convinced that free trade would create and maintain world peace. Business and government operated through a symbiotic relationship throughout the 1920s. Fledgling industries, including automotive and air transport, relied upon government assistance. Thus, Allied and corporate international manipulation of markets was cloaked in the rhetoric of “free trade.” Furthermore, ICC business leaders, operating during the Progressive Era’s focus upon scientific efficiency, were convinced that mass production was the key to rebuilding the global economy in the aftermath of the Great War. Evidence shows that the political economic system erected by the bankers, businessmen and politicians of the 1920s helped lay the foundations for the Great Depression. The system, controlled by the Allied powers, included the gold standard system of international fiduciary exchange, trade regimes operated under the auspices of Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence, Allied multinational corporate (MNC) control of Latin America and the Middle East, via electrical MNCs and oil MNCs, and the control and manipulation of labor and migration.
This study contributes to the literature concerning the causes of the Great Depression as well as studies regarding global capitalism. Moreover, the evidence contained within this work suggests that many parts of the neoliberalist argument are actually rooted in the 1920s rather than the late 1970s.
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禹如鍵. "A Study of the Philippine Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, 1904-54." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34871057873233179441.
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SU, RUNG-TZ, and 蘇容子. "Taiwanese Construction Development During the Japanese Colonial Period：A Case Study of Xie Zhi Chamber of Commerce." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y62j48.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北藝術大學
建築與文化資產研究所
105
The Xie Zhi Chamber of Commerce (1918-1951) was a construction company founded and operated by Lin Ti-Zao (Lin Shang-Zhi), during the Japanese colonial period. The business of Xie Zhi focused mainly on the infrastructure such as roads and bridges, and further extended to the building project of the Taipei Telephone Exchange Bureau (currently Bo Ai Road service center of Chunghwa Telecom) (1937) and Taihoku Shiyakushyo (currently Executive Yuan, ROC) (1940). The Xie Zhi Chamber of Commerce proved that Taiwanese construction companies were able to compete with Japanese construction companies under the colonization of Japan; on the other hand, the growing competitiveness of Taiwanese construction companies also revealed that the Japanese colonial government put great emphasis on the industrial education for Taiwanese and had considerable achievements. After graduating from the Department of Architecture (originally the Department of Woodcraft) of the Auxiliary Industrial Institute (currently National Taipei University of Technology) in 1915, Lin Ti-Zao had worked in Takaishikumi until starting his own business in 1918. The Xie Zhi Chamber of Commerce was initially based in Shinn-Tomi-Machi and Midori-Machi. In 1940, Lin moved Xie Zhi to Miyamae-Machi, and merged the Tatung Iron Company (currently Tatung Company) in 1941, and in the following year, Lin founded the Tatung Skill Training School (currently Tatung High School) and his son, Lin Ting-Sheng (1942-2005), inherited the family business. From “Xie Zhi” to “Tatung”, the company has expanded its business from construction to steel, home appliances, education, publishing, etc. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the founding and development of Taiwanese enterprises from the Japanese colonial period till today, we therefore take the Xie Zhi Chamber of Commerce as an example, to trace out in depth the transformation of the industries in Taiwan.
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Haur, Yeh Chia, and 葉家豪. "The Changing Roles of The Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce during 1945-1965: The Economic and Political Aspects." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94236056931253299016.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
歷史學系
96
Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SCCC) was founded in the name of the organization to promote the economic interest of Chinese in Singapore. However, the political cause was already involved in the beginning of its foundation. It was not occasional that SCCC had become the most important social group at that time. This thesis is about three aspects: the relationship between SCCC and China (ROC & PRC), the relationship between SCCC and local government, and the relationship between SCCC and Chinese society. Within the three aspects, it discussed that SCCC changed to show the differences of its role under the transition of the time, especially in the pre-war and post-war. SCCC had ultimate relationship with China before World WarⅡ, so it had frequent contact with China in economy and politics. After WWⅡ, the hindering of the political environment forced SCCC only had commercial contact with China – namely the commercial contact lasted, but the political contact broke. SCCC couldn’t control the local political power before the war. That was because of the superiority of Chinese political effect and the influence of British policy, both of which weaken the power of SCCC to fight for local politics. In the post-war time, SCCC finally grasped the political power at the beginning, participating actively in local politics and showing their political potential as a commercial organization. Nevertheless, under the transition of the age, SCCC was forced to keep away from politics, reverting itself to business enterprise. Its relationship with local politics was not as influential as its commercial cause. The only thing, which has lasted without breaking, is the role of leadership of SCCC. Since SCCC was founded, the leaders have positively strived for Chinese community benefit and furthermore actively developed their roles after the war. Above all, SCCC still has had its influence in Singapore, even under the test of the changing time, yet it is also an important symbol, and some of its functions are not replaceable.
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Chuang, Jung-Chang, and 莊隆昌. "The Research of Political Participation Behavior of Chamber of Commerce in R.O.C.:The Case Analysis of Taipei County." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05206234606997181888.
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碩士中國文化大學
政治學研究所碩士在職專班
95
The interaction between Taiwan’s business groups and government has been shifting societal pattern from the corporatism to the pluralism. Under the instruction of the research model, this research will be focusing on Taipei Chamber of Commerce (TCOC) by surveying 263 members. The research method uses “Quantitative Methodology” primarily and “Qualitative Methodology” as the supporting method to accurately analyze and master the behavior of the TCOC’s political participation. The qualitative methodology in this research focuses on the theorem and literatures including classical groupism, pluralism, corporatism, new corporatism and lobbyism. The information are gathered from the analysis of the interest groups in United Kingdom, United States of America, France and Germany. Furthermore, to illustrate TCOC’s developing pattern and political model. The quantative methodology used in this research examines TCOC’s behavior of political participation, this analysis includes five of the followings, e.g. TCOC’s (1) nature which belongs high cohesiveness, democratic leading style, sufficient resource employment and positive social image.(2) Lobbying behavior. The inertia and style of TCOC’s lobbying behavior is positive. TCOC prefers not to support political donation, and unless necessary, it will not choose to lobby privately. (3)Involving in political parties. TCOC had been leaning towards the KMT party for a long period. however, since the turnover of the ruling party, this is changing its party preference of TCOC’s. (4) Electoral involvement. TCOC’s behavior primary focuses on helping potential legislators and mayor candidates. (5) Protest. Principally, TCOC does not essentially support the behavior of protest, however, if the group decides to protest, more than half in the group will support the decision. The most supported method is to initiate legal demostration and complaints via telephone, letter and internet. Finally, this research provides several recommendations: (1) Strengthen the communication between leaders of the business group and their members. (2) Individuals in the business world should actively involve in business groups. (3) Interest groups are ought to enforce the system of powerful speakers. (4) Government should empower business groups on certain events concretely and promote the chance of business groups’ participation in governmental decision making process. (5) When facing important issues, government should remove certain ideologies and square up to TCOC’s recommendation.
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Zhenhui, Zeng. "Relationship between governance mechanism and performance of NLCCs: the case of Fujian Chamber of Commerce in Sichuan Province." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22613.
Full textAbstract:
The roles of Chambers of Commerce (CoCs) and non-local Chambers of Commerce (NLCCs) in coordinating the relationships between governments and firms become more and more important. However, we also witness a lot of problematic issues in the real-world operations of NLCCs including the low-efficiency of their internal governance, the poor communication with their host governments, and the poor performance of the regional-economy coordination between their home areas and their host areas. These problematic issues point to both the governance mechanisms of NLCCs and their operational
performance.
Based on the survey data on the Fujian Chamber of Commerce in Sichuan Province, we study the relationship between the governance mechanisms and the corresponding performance of NLCCs with a Structural Equation Model. The results show that (1) the success of a NLCC's governance mechanism does positively affect the NLCC's performance,
(2) the success of a NLCC's governance mechanism can be measured by 5 dimensions (members’ right-obligation relationship, decision-making & financial transparency, function realization of the board of directors, function realization of the board of supervisors, actual operations，& communication), (3) the performance of a NLCC can also be measured by 5
dimensions (cost & budget, member services, management procedures, innovation，growth, & cross-region socio-economic coordination). The main novelty is that we empirically establish the relationship between the success of a NLCC’s governance mechanism and its performance and thus complement the weakness that the literature separately studies the
governance mechanisms of CoCs and the evaluation of their performance.Os papéis das Câmaras de Comércio (CoCs) e das Câmaras de Comércio não locais (NLCCs) na coordenação das relações entre governos e empresas tornam-se cada vez mais importantes. No entanto, também testemunhamos muitas questões problemáticas nas operações do mundo real das NLCCs, incluindo a baixa eficiência da sua governação interna, a má comunicação com os seus governos de acolhimento e o fraco desempenho da coordenação regional-económica entre as suas áreas de origem e as suas áreas de acolhimento. Estas questões problemáticas apontam tanto para os mecanismos de governança das NLCCs como para o seu desempenho operacional. Com base nos dados da pesquisa sobre as Câmaras de Comércio Fujian na província de Sichuan, estudamos a relação entre os mecanismos de governança e o desempenho correspondente de NLCCs com um modelo de equação estrutural. Os resultados mostram que (1) a melhoria do sucesso de um mecanismo de governança da NLCC afeta positivamente o desempenho da NLCC, (2) o sucesso de um mecanismo de governança das NLCCs pode ser medido por cinco dimensões (relacionamento de direito dos membros, tomada de decisão e transparência financeira, realização de funções do Conselho de Administração, realização de funções do Conselho de Supervisores, e operações reais e comunicação), (3) o desempenho de um NLCC também pode ser medido por cinco dimensões (custo e orçamento, serviços membros, procedimentos de gestão, inovação e crescimento, e coordenação socioeconómica entre regiões). A novidade principal é que estabelecemos empiricamente a relação entre o sucesso de um mecanismo de governança da NLCC e o seu desempenho e assim complementamos o gap que a literatura separadamente estuda os mecanismos de governança dos CoCs e a avaliação de seu desempenho.
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Chiang, Shaw-Chi, and 姜紹基. "Taiwan county city of commerce the conference affair operation to the Government administration and the economicial shade directive force Initial searchs 【Take Taichung city chamber of commerce as example】." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78949896696873679243.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
97
Town(City) Chamber Of Commerce, incorporated under the Laws of citizen’s Organization and Business Associations Law, is the general Chamber in the business community to develop, encourage, promote and protect the commercial, professional financial and general business interests of the Town(City) representing the aggregate economic impacts on local business. Town(City) Chamber Of Commerce, classified as membership or non-membership, covers all aspects of doing business in different industry. Compared with manufacturing industries, recent growth trends of service industries produce a larger capacity to play the essential role in enhancing economies of scale. We will have a better insight of the Taichung City Chamber of Commerce pursuant to the history, act-base, organization status, leadership style and case study as the guidelines as followings： 1、What are Pros and Cons for the re-organization of Chamber of Commerce? 2、What the associated impacts on economic treaties and government policies driven by the function and operation through Chamber of Commerce? 3、What solutions and references would be benefited from the case studies of Chamber of Commerce? This article discusses the important research documents to analyze the organizations, operations and values of Chamber of Commerce over a decade, and raises ten issues in the research. As a matter of fact, we integrate the solutions to explore the development and changes of Chamber of Commerce with affiliated officers, members, and societies for the future study.
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Kubheka, Vincent Vusi. "Policy networks and environment policy making and implementation : the case of the Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business (Msunduzi Municipality)." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1966.
Full textAbstract:
Public policies are not designed and implemented in a vacuum. Instead, policy design and implementation are processes which require that all relevant stakeholders be involved in all stages of a policy process. It is for these reasons that this study was undertaken. Environmental policy implementation has proved to be a challenge for most municipalities in South Africa. The municipality which was chosen by this study as a case study is Msunduzi Municipality. Faced with different challenges which are attributed to a lack of resources and appropriate forms of organisation which are required for environmental policy implementation, this Municipality has struggled to meet its responsibilities. It is for these reason, then, that this study argues that one of the possible ways in which effective design and implementation of environmental policy in Msunduzi Municipality could be achieved is by collaboration and partnership through policy networks involving government agencies, businesses and civil society organisations.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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Keeble, Sheila May Suzan. "The expansion of black business into the South African economy with specific reference to the initiatives of the national African federated chamber of commerce in the 1970s." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17528.
Full textAbstract:
Before the mid 1970s African business development was
severely limited by Government legislation. This restriction
resulted in a dependent African entrepreneurial class unable
to compete with White business.
The National African Chamber of Commerce (NACOC) formed in
1964 and the National African Federated Chamber of Commerce
(NAFCOC), which evolved from this organisation in 1969, were
established by Black businessmen who united to fight this
restrictive legislation. By the mid 1970s they were in a
position, as a strong, united, national commercial body, to
press for changes and to initiate business ventures which
gained them a place in the South African economy.
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Soares, Vanda Mónica Faustino. "A promoção internacional dos interesses portugueses: a nova diplomacia económica no Grão-Ducado do Luxemburgo." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33885.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Relações InternacionaisEste relatório reflete as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito de um estágio curricular de 6 meses (Novembro 2013-Maio 2014) na Embaixada de Portugal no Luxemburgo, incidindo sobretudo no papel desta instituição no relacionamento bilateral, bem como na sua relação privilegiada com os atores presentes neste mercado, nomeadamente empresários portugueses e instituições luso-luxemburguesas, especialmente a Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Luso-Luxemburguesa e a Câmara de Comércio Luxemburguesa. Assim, explanarei alguns exemplos das diversas modalidades de diplomacia económica referentes ao estudo de caso. Neste contexto, somos conduzidos a refletir sobre a estratégia diplomática portuguesa, que desde 2006 conta com os escritórios da Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal (AICEP). Paralelamente, foram atribuídas pelo Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros (MNE) novas funções às Embaixadas e Consulados, resultantes da parceria com o Ministério da Economia. Estes, enquanto agentes de diplomacia económica, devem apoiar a internacionalização das empresas portuguesas, na generalidade de dimensão pequena e média, facilitando a sua entrada nos mercados externos, e projetando uma imagem moderna do país, procurando o crescimento dos fluxos de investimento direto estrangeiro e do turismo. Por fim, tendo em consideração o estudo de caso mencionado neste relatório, ou seja, as relações bilaterais Portugal-Luxemburgo procederei a uma análise na base da tipologia SWOT deste relacionamento.
This report reflects the activities developed during the 6 months traineeship (November 2013-May 2014) at the Portuguese Embassy in Luxembourg, focusing particularly on the role of this institution in the bilateral relationship. As well as their privileged relationship with actors presents in this market, namely Portuguese entrepreneurs and Portuguese-Luxembourgish institutions, especially the Portuguese- Luxembourgish Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Luxemburgish Chamber of Commerce. Therefore, I will give some practical examples of economic diplomacy related with this case study. In this context, we should reflect about Portuguese diplomatic strategy that, since 2006, counts with the Foreign Trade and Investment Agency of Portugal’s offices. Simultaneously, the Foreign Affairs Ministry attributed to Embassies and Consulates new functions, as a result of the partnership with Economic Ministry. Embassies and Consulates, as agents of economic diplomacy, should support the internationalization of Portuguese entreprises, facilitating their entrance in the foreign markets, and projecting a modern country’s image, trying to develop the flows of foreign direct investment and tourism. Finally, we have into consideration the case study that basis this report, the bilateral relations between Luxembourg and Portugal; I will make a SWOT analysis of this relationship.
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Morena, Justin Michael. "La revue de la Chambre de commerce de Montréal et la modernisation de la métropole dans les années 1950 et 1960." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10400.
Full textAbstract:
Pendant les années 1950 et 1960, Montréal se modernise sur plusieurs aspects. L’influence de l’administration de la ville sur cette modernisation est bien connue. Toutefois, les perspectives des acteurs extérieurs sont souvent ignorées. Ce mémoire examine donc les opinions de la Chambre de commerce de Montréal sur la modernisation de la métropole québécoise lors de ces deux décennies. La source principale utilisée pour effectuer cette étude a été la revue hebdomadaire de la Chambre, Commerce-Montréal.
Dans le premier chapitre, les opinions de la Chambre de commerce sur la gouvernance municipale sont examinées. Celles-ci montrent que la Chambre percevait l’assainissement des moeurs politiques et l’amélioration de l’efficacité administrative comme intrinsèques à la modernisation de Montréal. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la circulation automobile et le transport en commun. La Chambre proposait des moyens d’accélérer le débit de la circulation qu’elle jugeait crucial pour la modernisation de la métropole. Le troisième chapitre traite du développement urbain. D’après la Chambre, la modernisation de Montréal exigeait le renouvellement du cadre bâti de la ville, tant résidentiel que commercial.
L’étude de ces trois thèmes confirme que, pendant la période 1950-1970, la Chambre de commerce a contribué de manière significative aux débats concernant la modernisation de Montréal. Nous relevons aussi que l’organisme, malgré son désir de paraître apolitique, a été influencé par sa fonction de représentant de la communauté d’affaires francophone. L’importance accordée à la rentabilité de la modernisation, ainsi que la hiérarchisation sociale attribuée à certains sujets, confirment notamment les orientations conservatrices de l’organisme.During the 1950s and 1960s, Montréal was becoming increasingly modernized. It is well known that the municipal administration had a considerable influence on this modernization. However, the perspectives of exterior actors have often been ignored. As such, this thesis examines the opinions of the Chambre de commerce de Montréal (the city’s francophone chamber of commerce) on the modernization of Québec’s metropolis during the above-mentioned decades. The main source that was used for this study was the Chambre’s weekly publication, Commerce-Montréal. The first chapter examines the Chambre’s opinions on municipal governance. It shows that, for the Chambre, the modernization of Montréal required the elimination of corrupt political practices and an increase in government efficiency. The second chapter studies traffic flow. It explains the Chambre’s positions on measures aimed at increasing the speed of traffic. The organization saw this as crucial to the modernization of the city. The third chapter discusses urban development. According to the Chambre, Montréal’s modernization necessitated a renewal of both its residential and commercial built environment. Studying these three themes confirmed that, from 1950 to 1970, the Chambre de commerce contributed to the debates concerning the modernization of Montréal, advocating in favour of it. It is also evident that the organization, despite its desire to appear apolitical, was influenced by its position as representative of the francophone business community. In particular, the Chambre’s emphasis on the profitability of modernization, as well as its focus on social stratification (regarding certain issues) attest to the organization’s conservative nature.
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Fontinha, Ana Catarina da Luz. "A importância das Câmaras de Comércio enquanto agentes impulsionadores do processo de internacionalização - o caso da Câmara de Comércio Luso- Britânica." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/115962.
Full textAbstract:
As transformações das Relações Internacionais no último século caracterizam-se pela ascensão das relações multilaterais e das instituições de cooperação económica. As Câmaras de Comércio, embora não tenham tido até hoje a sua devida visibilidade no contexto das Relações Internacionais, adquirem um relevo no panorama internacional actual enquanto intermediárias e facilitadoras das relações comerciais internacionais. O presente relatório de estágio visa dar a conhecer estas Associações Sem Fins Lucrativos e o seu papel nas Relações Internacionais. Adicionalmente também tem como objectivo o estudo de caso da Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica em Lisboa e a sua influência nas relações comerciais entre Portugal e o Reino Unido. Neste âmbito, o meu estágio na Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica compreende a análise institucional desta organização e a sua preponderância na promoção comercial entre os países que representa.The transformations of international relations in the last century are characterized by the rise of multilateral relations and institutions of economic cooperation. The Chambers of Commerce, although they have not yet had their due visibility in the context of International Relations, acquire a prominence in the current international scene as intermediaries and facilitators of international trade relations. This internship report aims to make known these Non-Profit Associations and their role in International Relations. It also aims to get to know the case study of the Portuguese-British Chamber of Commerce in Lisbon and its influence on trade relations between Portugal and the United Kingdom. In this context, my internship at the Luso-British Chamber of Commerce includes the institutional analysis of this organisation and its preponderance in trade promotion among the countries it represents.
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Kok, Rudie. "The localisation of breach of contract in the context of jurisdiction – a comparative study of English and South African law with specific reference to the role of the Incoterms of the International Chamber of Commerce." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11020.
Full textAbstract:
LL.M. (International Commercial Law)The main exploration of this paper is whether a breach of contract as a ground for jurisdiction is sufficient for a court in England or South Africa to exercise jurisdiction. This question seems straightforward in England, but not so much in South Africa. England enacted their Civil Procedure Rules to make provision for a court to exercise jurisdiction when a plaintiff who is in England wants to sue a foreign defendant in England.1 The breach of contract must occur in the jurisdiction before an English court will permit service out of the jurisdiction. South Africa’s laws on jurisdiction are derived from Roman law.2 A foreign peregrinus may sue in South Africa either where the incola is domiciled or resident or where the cause of action arises. Breach of contract is allowed in this circumstance. It is necessary for an incola plaintiff to attach property of a foreign peregrinus defendant when he wants to sue the foreign peregrinus in a South African court. This may be done where the attachment founds jurisdiction of the court, ie where the incola sues in the area where he is domiciled or resides, or where the attachment confirms the jurisdiction of the court, ie where the cause of action arises. The cause of action in relation to contracts includes the conclusion of the contract or the performance of the contract in the jurisdiction if the plaintiff sues where the cause of action arises and not where the plaintiff is domiciled or resident. The matter of whether a breach of contract can be regarded as a ratio jurisdictionis is seldom approached by South African courts. In Natal, courts allowed attachment of the defendant’s properties where there were no rationes jurisdictionis...
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Isidoro, Ana Cristina Simões Capela. "A Relevância das Câmaras de Comércio como instrumento de Diplomacia, Comércio e Cultura Interestatal no Mundo Global– A Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123466.
Full textAbstract:
O presente Relatório de Estágio serve para finalizar a Componente Não Letiva do Mestrado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais (Área de Especialização em Relações Internacionais) na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA FCSH) e, consequentemente, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre do mesmo. Este Estágio de cariz curricular foi realizado na Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica, com a duração de 6 meses, tendo como data de início dia 1 de outubro de 2020 e data de término dia 31 de março de 2021. Com este Relatório de Estágio, pretendo fazer uma ponte de ligação entre o tema escolhido – A Relevância das Câmaras de Comércio como instrumento de Diplomacia, Comércio e Cultura Interestatal no Mundo Global – e o estudo de caso que é a Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica. Para tal, existirá primeiramente uma reflexão teórica sobre a Diplomacia, o Comércio Internacional e a Cultura como três grandes motores das Relações Internacionais no Mundo Global, sobre a relevância Interestatal das Câmaras de Comércio e, consequentemente, existirá também um foco teórico no que diz respeito às relações bilaterais entre Portugal e o Reino Unido (relações bilaterais diplomáticas, comerciais, culturais e a questão do Brexit). Não obstante, existirá uma ênfase sobre o funcionamento da instituição onde decorreu o Estágio, a Câmara de Comércio Luso-Britânica e, por fim, uma alusão e descrição detalhada das atividades realizadas, do conhecimento e das competências adquiridos, bem como uma reflexão, retrospetiva e perspetivas futuras sobre as mesmas.This Internship Report serves to finalize the Non-Teaching Component of the Master’s degree in Political Science and International Relations (Field of Expertise in International Relations) at Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA FCSH) and, consequently, to obtain the Master's degree. This curricular internship was held at the British-Portuguese Chamber of Commerce and it lasted 6 months, starting on October 1, 2020 and ending on March 31, 2021. With this Internship Report, I intend to bridge the chosen theme - The Relevance of Chambers of Commerce as an instrument of Inter-State Diplomacy, Commerce and Culture in the Global World - and the case study that is the British-Portuguese Chamber of Commerce itself. To this end, there will be first a theoretical reflection on Diplomacy, International Trade and Culture as three major drivers of International Relations in the Global World, on the Inter-State relevance of Chambers of Commerce and, consequently, there will also be a theoretical focus on bilateral relations between Portugal and the United Kingdom (bilateral diplomatic, commercial, cultural relations and Brexit itself). Nevertheless, there will be an emphasis on the functioning of the institution where the Internship took place, the British-Portuguese Chamber of Commerce. Last but not least, a reference and a detailed description of the activities carried out, the knowledge and the skills acquired, as well as a reflection, retrospective and future perspectives on them.
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ŠEBESTOVÁ, Barbora. "Analýza činnosti Jihočeské hospodářské komory v oblasti malého a středního podnikání." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54960.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the master´s thesis titled The South Bohemian Chamber of Commerce analysis with respect to small and medium-sized enterprises was to analyze activities, services and products offered by the South Bohemian Chamber of Commerce (Chamber) to assist small and medium-size undertakings in the Region of South Bohemia. The theoretical background deals with the possibility to use financial means offered by the EU structural funds and subsidies granted by the Region of South Bohemia as this is the area of interest for the undertakings and due to the fact that the Chamber pursues activities pertaining to this area as well, namely in the form of consulting services and projects´ implementation. The practical part analyzes the activity of the Chamber - e.g. the services the Chamber offers.
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VELKOVÁ, Šárka. "Možnosti rozvoje a podpora malého a středního podnikání v okrese Sokolov." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52669.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the thesis was to analyze selected forms of support for small and medium enterprises and their exploitation in the Sokolov region, further evaluate cooperation of small and medium enterprises with representatives of microregion and suggest possibilities for further development of SMEs. Characteristic of region Sokolov (general and economic) was conducted from secondary sources. Primary data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of SMEs in the region of Sokolov and from controlled interviews with representatives of the communities. There was conducted also a SWOT analysis of the Sokolov region, focusing on SMEs. Also were proposed forms of business support that are suitable for SMEs in the region and then were defined the recommendations and possibilities for further development of SMEs in region Sokolov. For example: improving information and cooperation of SMEs with local authority, with the Regional Chamber of Commerce Poohří, the use of SMEs development by means of Lake Medard, building a technology park and business incubator, etc.
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Wagnerová, Markéta. "Smlouva o akreditivu a smlouva o inkasu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310969.
Full textAbstract:
A letter of credit contract and a collection contract This final thesis is focused on two important payment instruments - the letter of credit and the collection. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the letter of credit and the collection. Its main target is to describe both payment instruments and to introduce their use in real life situations and to point out advantages and disadvantages of both instruments. Both domestic and international legal arrangements as well as expert literature and articles were used to write the thesis. As a main source was used Commercial Code and unification of trade customs by the International Chamber of Commerce. The thesis is divided in 5 chapters which furthermore divide themselves into several more subchapters. Because of the fact that contract on the letter of credit and the contract on collection are fundamental for the creation of commercial law obligation the first chapter discusses the general characteristics of commercial obligations from the point of view of the Civil Code and from the point of view of the Commercial Code. Furthermore the letter of credit and the collection are one of the many of bank contracts and these are explained in detail in the second chapter. The bank itself is a party to such contracts and that is why a lot of attention is paid in the...