Relevant bibliographies by topics / Online annotations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Online annotations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Online annotations"

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Gil de Gómez Pérez, David, and Roman Bednarik. "POnline: An Online Pupil Annotation Tool Employing Crowd-sourcing and Engagement Mechanisms." Human Computation 6 (December 10, 2019): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15346/hc.v6i1.99.

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Pupil center and pupil contour are two of the most important features in the eye-image used for video-based eye-tracking. Well annotated databases are needed in order to allow benchmarking of the available- and new pupil detection and gaze estimation algorithms. Unfortunately, creation of such a data set is costly and requires a lot of efforts, including manual work of the annotators. In addition, reliability of manual annotations is hard to establish with a low number of annotators. In order to facilitate progress of the gaze tracking algorithm research, we created an online pupil annotation tool that engages many users to interact through gamification and allows utilization of the crowd power to create reliable annotations \cite{artstein2005bias}. We describe the tool and the mechanisms employed, and report results on the annotation of a publicly available data set. Finally, we demonstrate an example utilization of the new high-quality annotation on a comparison of two state-of-the-art pupil center algorithms.
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Dijkshoorn, Chris, Victor De Boer, Lora Aroyo, and Guus Schreiber. "Accurator: Nichesourcing for Cultural Heritage." Human Computation 6 (June 2, 2019): 12–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15346/hc.v6i1.91.

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With the increase of cultural heritage data published online, the usefulness of data in this open context hinges on the quality and diversity of descriptions of collection objects. In many cases, existing descriptions are not sufficient for retrieval and research tasks, resulting in the need for more specific annotations. However, eliciting such annotations is a challenge since it often requires domain-specific knowledge. Where crowdsourcing can be successfully used to execute simple annotation tasks, identifying people with the required expertise might prove troublesome for more complex and domain-specific tasks. Nichesourcing addresses this problem, by tapping into the expert knowledge available in niche communities. This paper presents Accurator, a methodology for conducting nichesourcing campaigns for cultural heritage institutions, by addressing communities, organizing events and tailoring a web-based annotation tool to a domain of choice. The contribution of this paper is fourfold: 1) a nichesourcing methodology, 2) an annotation tool for experts, 3) validation of the methodology in three case studies and 4) a dataset including the obtained annotations. The three domains of the case studies are birds on art, bible prints and fashion images. We compare the quality and quantity of obtained annotations in the three case studies, showing that the nichesourcing methodology in combination with the image annotation tool can be used to collect high-quality annotations in a variety of domains. A user evaluation indicates the tool is suited and usable for domain-specific annotation tasks.
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Yssel, Anna E. J., Shu-Min Kao, Yves Van de Peer, and Lieven Sterck. "ORCAE-AOCC: A Centralized Portal for the Annotation of African Orphan Crop Genomes." Genes 10, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10120950.

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ORCAE (Online Resource for Community Annotation of Eukaryotes) is a public genome annotation curation resource. ORCAE-AOCC is a branch that is dedicated to the genomes published as part of the African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC). The motivation behind the development of the ORCAE platform was to create a knowledge-based website where the research-community can make contributions to improve genome annotations. All changes to any given gene-model or gene description are stored, and the entire annotation history can be retrieved. Genomes can either be set to “public” or “restricted” mode; anonymous users can browse public genomes but cannot make any changes. Aside from providing a user- friendly interface to view genome annotations, the platform also includes tools and information (such as gene expression evidence) that enables authorized users to edit and validate genome annotations. The ORCAE-AOCC platform will enable various stakeholders from around the world to coordinate their efforts to annotate and study underutilized crops.
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Karavellas, Themistoklis, Anggarda Prameswari, Oana Inel, and Victor De Boer. "Local Crowdsourcing for Annotating Audio: the Elevator Annotator platform." Human Computation 6 (June 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15346/hc.v6i1.100.

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Crowdsourcing and other human computation techniques have proven useful in collecting large numbers of annotations for various datasets. In the majority of cases, online platforms are used when running crowdsourcing campaigns. Local crowdsourcing is a variant where annotation is done on specific physical locations. This paper describes a local crowdsourcing concept, platform and experiment. The case setting concerns eliciting annotations for an audio archive. For the experiment, we developed a hardware platform designed to be deployed in building elevators. To evaluate the effectiveness of the platform and to test the influence of location on the annotation results, an experiment was set up in two different locations. In each location two different user interaction modalities are used. The results show that our simple local crowdsourcing setup is able to achieve acceptable accuracy levels with up to 4 annotations per hour, and that the location has a significant effect on accuracy.
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"Build Your Online Networks Using Social Annotations." Journal of Artificial Intelligence 4, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jai.2011.169.169.

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Davidson, John S. "Online Annotations to Robert Boyle's Sceptical Chymist." Journal of Chemical Education 80, no. 5 (May 2003): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p487.2.

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Rydell, Christopher, and Joakim Lindblad. "CytoBrowser: a browser-based collaborative annotation platform for whole slide images." F1000Research 10 (March 22, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51916.1.

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We present CytoBrowser, an open-source (GPLv3) JavaScript and Node.js driven environment for fast and accessible collaborative online visualization, assessment, and annotation of very large microscopy images, including, but not limited to, z-stacks (focus stacks) of cytology or histology whole slide images. CytoBrowser provides a web-based viewer for high-resolution zoomable images and facilitates easy remote collaboration, with options for joint-view visualization and simultaneous collaborative annotation of very large datasets. It delivers a unique combination of functionalities not found in other software solutions, making it a preferred tool for large scale annotation of whole slide image data. The web browser interface is directly accessible on any modern computer or even on a mobile phone, without need for additional software. By sharing a "session", several remote users can interactively explore and jointly annotate whole slide image data, thereby reaching improved data understanding and annotation quality, effortless project scaling and distribution of resources to/from remote locations, efficient creation of "ground truth" annotations for methods' evaluation and training of machine learning-based approaches, a user-friendly learning environment for medical students, to just name a few. Rectangle and polygon region annotations complement point-based annotations, each with a selectable annotation-class as well as free-form text fields. The default setting of CytoBrowser presents an interface for the Bethesda cancer grading system, while other annotation schemes can easily be incorporated. Automatic server side storage of annotations is complemented by JSON-based import/export options facilitating easy interoperability with other tools. CytoBrowser is available here: https://mida-group.github.io/CytoBrowser/.
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Tseng, Sheng-Shiang, Hui-Chin Yeh, and Shih-hsien Yang. "Promoting different reading comprehension levels through online annotations." Computer Assisted Language Learning 28, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.927366.

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Warwick Vesztrocy, Alex, and Christophe Dessimoz. "Benchmarking gene ontology function predictions using negative annotations." Bioinformatics 36, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2020): i210—i218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa466.

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Abstract Motivation With the ever-increasing number and diversity of sequenced species, the challenge to characterize genes with functional information is even more important. In most species, this characterization almost entirely relies on automated electronic methods. As such, it is critical to benchmark the various methods. The Critical Assessment of protein Function Annotation algorithms (CAFA) series of community experiments provide the most comprehensive benchmark, with a time-delayed analysis leveraging newly curated experimentally supported annotations. However, the definition of a false positive in CAFA has not fully accounted for the open world assumption (OWA), leading to a systematic underestimation of precision. The main reason for this limitation is the relative paucity of negative experimental annotations. Results This article introduces a new, OWA-compliant, benchmark based on a balanced test set of positive and negative annotations. The negative annotations are derived from expert-curated annotations of protein families on phylogenetic trees. This approach results in a large increase in the average information content of negative annotations. The benchmark has been tested using the naïve and BLAST baseline methods, as well as two orthology-based methods. This new benchmark could complement existing ones in future CAFA experiments. Availability and Implementation All data, as well as code used for analysis, is available from https://lab.dessimoz.org/20_not. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Semenzin, Chiara, Lisa Hamrick, Amanda Seidl, Bridgette L. Kelleher, and Alejandrina Cristia. "Describing Vocalizations in Young Children: A Big Data Approach Through Citizen Science Annotation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 2401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00661.

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Purpose Recording young children's vocalizations through wearables is a promising method to assess language development. However, accurately and rapidly annotating these files remains challenging. Online crowdsourcing with the collaboration of citizen scientists could be a feasible solution. In this article, we assess the extent to which citizen scientists' annotations align with those gathered in the lab for recordings collected from young children. Method Segments identified by Language ENvironment Analysis as produced by the key child were extracted from one daylong recording for each of 20 participants: 10 low-risk control children and 10 children diagnosed with Angelman syndrome, a neurogenetic syndrome characterized by severe language impairments. Speech samples were annotated by trained annotators in the laboratory as well as by citizen scientists on Zooniverse. All annotators assigned one of five labels to each sample: Canonical, Noncanonical, Crying, Laughing, and Junk. This allowed the derivation of two child-level vocalization metrics: the Linguistic Proportion and the Canonical Proportion. Results At the segment level, Zooniverse classifications had moderate precision and recall. More importantly, the Linguistic Proportion and the Canonical Proportion derived from Zooniverse annotations were highly correlated with those derived from laboratory annotations. Conclusions Annotations obtained through a citizen science platform can help us overcome challenges posed by the process of annotating daylong speech recordings. Particularly when used in composites or derived metrics, such annotations can be used to investigate early markers of language delays.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Online annotations"

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Miu, Tudor Alin. "Online learning of personalised human activity recognition models from user-provided annotations." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3635.

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In Human Activity Recognition (HAR), supervised and semi-supervised training are important tools for devising parametric activity models. For the best modelling performance, large amounts of annotated personalised sample data are typically required. Annotating often represents the bottleneck in the overall modelling process as it usually involves retrospective analysis of experimental ground truth, like video footage. These approaches typically neglect that prospective users of HAR systems are themselves key sources of ground truth for their own activities. This research therefore involves the users of HAR monitors in the annotation process. The process relies solely on users' short term memory and engages with them to parsimoniously provide annotations for their own activities as they unfold. E ects of user input are optimised by using Online Active Learning (OAL) to identify the most critical annotations which are expected to lead to highly optimal HAR model performance gains. Personalised HAR models are trained from user-provided annotations as part of the evaluation, focusing mainly on objective model accuracy. The OAL approach is contrasted with Random Selection (RS) { a naive method which makes uninformed annotation requests. A range of simulation-based annotation scenarios demonstrate that using OAL brings bene ts in terms of HAR model performance over RS. Additionally, a mobile application is implemented and deployed in a naturalistic context to collect annotations from a panel of human participants. The deployment is proof that the method can truly run in online mode and it also shows that considerable HAR model performance gains can be registered even under realistic conditions. The ndings from this research point to the conclusion that online learning from userprovided annotations is a valid solution to the problem of constructing personalised HAR models.
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Kaji, Katsuhiko. "An Online Music Recommendation System Based on Annotations about Listeners' Preference and Situation." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10396.

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Yao, Yuanming. "The Effect of Different Presentation Formats of Hypertext Annotations on Cognitive Load, Learning and Learner Control." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3653.

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This dissertation study was intended to verify whether the positive effects of the roll-over annotation presentation format on reducing cognitive load and enhancing vocabulary and comprehension of 5th-grade children (Morrison, 2004) can be extended to college students' learning from a web-delivered text. In order to answer this research question, relevant constructs, such as cognitive load, learner control and learning, have been examined in this experimental study of 149 undergraduate students in a state university at College of Education. No single effect of annotation presentation format on cognitive load was found, but an interaction effect on cognitive load was revealed between annotation presentation formats and pre-existing knowledge in this study of online education, similar to the interaction effect between annotation presentation formats and learners' reading experience found in traditional textbook learning (Yeung, Jin and Sweller, 1998; Yeung, 1999). Besides, students' computer experience also had a significant impact on their perceived cognitive load. One more key finding from this study was that the embedded annotation presentation format generated the least learner control, significantly different from other annotation presentation formats. In conclusion, an adaptive approach to the design of annotation presentation formats is recommended, for example, individual differences including learners' familiarity with content should be considered along with different annotation presentation formats so as to reduce learners' overall cognitive load. Additionally, learners' computer experience should be examined when hypertext annotations are used. Finally, choices of annotation presentation formats should be well-conceived to balance cognitive load, learning, and learner control.
Ph.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Instructional Technology/Media
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Wara, Ummul. "A Framework for Fashion Data Gathering, Hierarchical-Annotation and Analysis for Social Media and Online Shop : TOOLKIT FOR DETAILED STYLE ANNOTATIONS FOR ENHANCED FASHION RECOMMENDATION." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234285.

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Due to the transformation of different recommendation system from contentbased to hybrid cross-domain-based, there is an urge to prepare a socialnetwork dataset which will provide sufficient data as well as detail-level annotation from a predefined hierarchical clothing category and attribute based vocabulary by considering user interactions. However, existing fashionbased datasets lack either in hierarchical-category based representation or user interactions of social network. The thesis intends to represent two datasets- one from photo-sharing platform Instagram which gathers fashionistas images with all possible user-interactions and another from online-shop Zalando with every cloths detail. We present a design of a customized crawler that enables the user to crawl data based on category or attributes. Moreover, an efficient and collaborative web-solution is designed and implemented to facilitate large-scale hierarchical category-based detaillevel annotation of Instagram data. By considering all user-interactions, the developed solution provides a detail-level annotation facility that reflects the user’s preference. The web-solution is evaluated by the team as well as the Amazon Turk Service. The annotated output from different users proofs the usability of the web-solution in terms of availability and clarity. In addition to data crawling and annotation web-solution development, this project analyzes the Instagram and Zalando data distribution in terms of cloth category, subcategory and pattern to provide meaningful insight over data. Researcher community will benefit by using these datasets if they intend to work on a rich annotated dataset that represents social network and resembles in-detail cloth information.
Med tanke på trenden inom forskning av rekommendationssystem, där allt fler rekommendationssystem blir hybrida och designade för flera domäner, så finns det ett behov att framställa en datamängd från sociala medier som innehåller detaljerad information om klädkategorier, klädattribut, samt användarinteraktioner. Nuvarande datasets med inriktning mot mode saknar antingen en hierarkisk kategoristruktur eller information om användarinteraktion från sociala nätverk. Detta projekt har syftet att ta fram två dataset, ett dataset som insamlats från fotodelningsplattformen Instagram, som innehåller foton, text och användarinteraktioner från fashionistas, samt ett dataset som insamlats från klädutbutdet som ges av onlinebutiken Zalando. Vi presenterar designen av en webbcrawler som är anpassad för att kunna hämta data från de nämnda domänerna och är optimiserad för mode och klädattribut. Vi presenterar även en effektiv webblösning som är designad och implementerad för att möjliggöra annotering av stora mängder data från Instagram med väldigt detaljerad information om kläder. Genom att vi inkluderar användarinteraktioner i applikationen så kan vår webblösning ge användaranpassad annotering av data. Webblösningen har utvärderats av utvecklarna samt genom AmazonTurk tjänsten. Den annoterade datan från olika användare demonstrerar användarvänligheten av webblösningen. Utöver insamling av data och utveckling av ett system för webb-baserad annotering av data så har datadistributionerna i två modedomäner, Instagram och Zalando, analyserats. Datadistributionerna analyserades utifrån klädkategorier och med syftet att ge datainsikter. Forskning inom detta område kan dra nytta av våra resultat och våra datasets. Specifikt så kan våra datasets användas i domäner som kräver information om detaljerad klädinformation och användarinteraktioner.
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Soualah, Mohamed. "Contribution au catalogage dynamique des manuscrits arabes anciens numérisés." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20093.

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Les manuscrits arabes sont une source d'information inestimable. Trois millions de ces œuvres se trouvent éparpillées à travers le monde. Une prise de conscience réelle sur la préservation de ces œuvres s'est vue naître, ces dernières années, à travers le monde. Beaucoup de projets de numérisation de manuscrits arabes anciens ont été mis en œuvre. Mais, la numérisation est-elle suffisante ? Le véritable but recherché est une diffusion de masse, car rien n'est mieux préservé qu'une ressource partagée. Toutefois, il faut y trouver un moyen d'y accéder facilement. Les bibliothèques sont les lieux de prédilection de sauvegarde et de rangement de manuscrits. Elles ont développé un outil d'accès aux manuscrits qu'elles ont toujours maîtrisé et convenablement mis en œuvre ; il s'agit du catalogue, un support d'utilisation simple et intuitif. Toutes ces œuvres se voient répertoriées selon des protocoles de catalogage non uniformisés, différents d'une institution à une autre, mais pour l'essentiel, utilisant des entrées standards (Auteur, titre de l'œuvre, Sujet). L'idée est de venir au secours du catalogueur qui peine à lui seul à cataloguer autant d'œuvres, sans oublier les différentes difficultés rencontrées tels que le type de calligraphie et l'état du manuscrit. Par conséquent, une autre question se pose à savoir, comment faudrait-il s'y prendre ? A ce niveau se dresse une problématique cruciale, qui consiste à trouver le meilleur moyen d'accès aux images des manuscrits numérisés. En effet, trois solutions d'accessibilité aux manuscrits numérisés sont possibles :• La première consiste en un accès aux manuscrits numérisés en mode image ; cela signifie l'exploitation directe de l'image du manuscrit numérisé par des outils d'indexation appropriés.• La seconde se donne pour objectif de convertir intégralement le manuscrit en texte, ce qui reviendrait à traiter le manuscrit numérisé comme un document texte ordinaire. Par conséquent, l'usage de la recherche d'information deviendra un outil incontournable.• La troisième solution fait appel à un outil efficace utilisé dans les bibliothèques. Il s'agit du catalogue. Le principe de cette solution est élémentaire. Il repose sur l'interrogation du catalogue. L'affichage du manuscrit répondant favorablement à une requête se fait suite au choix de l'utilisateur. Notre travail de recherche ne se positionne pas dans le choix de la meilleure solution parmi les trois sus-citées, nous nous donnons pour objectif de procéder à l'étude des trois modèles de solutions et de procéder à l'évaluation de chaque modèle pour l'optimisation de l'accès en ligne aux manuscrits arabes anciens numérisés
Arabic manuscripts are a very important source of information. Three million of them are scattered throughout the world. Nowadays, a real awareness rises throughout the world to preserve the old manuscripts.Many digitization projects of old Arabic manuscripts were implemented. But, is this sufficient for the manuscripts preservation? The main goal is the massive diffusion of these resources, because nothing is better preserved than a shared resource. However, it is necessary to make them accessible.Libraries are the most suitable places for storing manuscripts. They have developed an interesting tool for the manuscripts online access: It is about a catalogue, a simple and intuitive user support.the whole of the manuscripts are listed throughout a non-standardized cataloging protocol, which differ from an institution to another, but most of them use standard entries like the "Author", "title" and "subject".The problematic is about finding a way how to help a cataloguer who struggle alone to catalog the manuscripts, which present several problems concerning their state and their calligraphy? Therefore, the answer will be about how to make it.Thus, first we are asked to find a best way to access images of the digitized Arabic manuscripts. Indeed, we can quote three methods to access digitized manuscripts:• The first one consists of accessing to manuscripts in image mode. This is done by images processing with using of suitable indexing tools.• The second one aim to fully convert the manuscript into a text mode, then the manuscript will be processed as textual document. Thus, the information retrieval will be used.• The third solution uses an effective library tool which is the catalogue. The principle of this solution is basic. First, the user makes his query to the catalogue. The latter displays the results, and then the user selects the suitable one.The goal of our research is not to make choice between these three methods to access to digitized manuscripts. Our objective is to use these methods, evaluate them in order to optimize the online access to digitized Arabic manuscripts
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Cloe, James H. Jr. "An Evaluation of Electronic Annotated Readers for First Graders in Chinese Dual Immersion to Improve Reading Comprehension and Character Recognition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3401.

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This study is an evaluation of online annotated readers developed for first grade students enrolled in Chinese immersion. The electronic readers were created to provide additional input to immersion students, who had little time in class for Chinese character reinforcement. The students accessed online readers from their homes and took assessments before and after each reader to test for improved character comprehension. In addition, students were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group had annotated electronic readers with audio and games. Conversely, the control group did not have annotations but audio was included. Results demonstrate a significant difference between preliminary and post-assessments, suggesting that students comprehended more characters after reading. No significant differences were detected between the control (non-annotated) and treatment (annotated) groups. Additional data collected from parent surveys provide useful demographics about subjects' socio-cultural and language variables as well as highlight parental desires for more support and help-aides. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in relationship to young immersion students learning Chinese is also discussed. Results suggest that online annotated readers can be an important resource for students who have limited instructional time in the classroom and little opportunity to receive help at home.
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Yilmazturk, Mehmet Celaleddin. "Online And Semi-automatic Annotation Of Faces In Personal Videos." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611936/index.pdf.

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Video annotation has become an important issue due to the rapidly increasing amount of video available. For efficient video content searches, annotation has to be done beforehand, which is a time-consuming process if done manually. Automatic annotation of faces for person identification is a major challenge in the context of content-based video retrieval. This thesis work focuses on the development of a semi-automatic face annotation system which benefits from online learning methods. The system creates a face database by using face detection and tracking algorithms to collect samples of the encountered faces in the video and by receiving labels from the user. Using this database a learner model is trained. While the training session continues, the system starts offering labels for the newly encountered faces and lets the user acknowledge or correct the suggested labels hence a learner is updated online throughout the video. The user is free to train the learner until satisfactory results are obtained. In order to create a face database, a shot boundary algorithm is implemented to partition the video into semantically meaningful segments and the user browses through the video from one shot boundary to the next. A face detector followed by a face tracker is implemented to collect face samples within two shot boundary frames. For online learning, feature extraction and classification methods which are computationally efficient are investigated and evaluated. Sequential variants of some robust batch classification algorithms are implemented. Combinations of feature extraction and classification methods have been tested and compared according to their face recognition accuracy and computational performances.
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Chiang, Chia-Ning. "A multi-dimensional approach to the study of online annotation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26743.

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Digital annotations share the purpose and nature of traditional paper annotations when reading online. Annotation form represents the behavior associated with completing an annotation. Annotation function reflects the users’ cognitive states while annotating. The role indicates the intended audience (private, work group, and larger public) for the annotation, and provides an opportunity to investigate the functions of annotation in its social setting. Perceived values indicate the acceptance of annotation online. A broader understanding of what forms facilitate the creation of an individual’s online annotation while reading, as well as the co-relation of the form, function, and role of annotation when reading online is needed. Furthermore, evaluations of the perceived values of online reading and writing that constitute the acceptance of annotation online are also critical. This research employs a mixed-method approach for studying annotation online. Using an annotation prototype plugged into the Open Journal Systems, 15 participants conducted three reading tasks. The findings from the main study (user think-aloud protocol and interview transcripts) and supplementary information (post-session questionnaire and perceived value questionnaire) are analyzed according to the six research questions. Furthermore, a review of existing annotation tools and literature are used as an explanatory component for comparing and contrasting the findings of main study. The findings show that some online annotation forms take advantage of the change capability in visual styles of interface design and the network environment of the community, which have no counterpart in the print environment. Findings of online annotation functions are grounded in visual foraging of information and the theory of text signaling. In addition, annotation forms in combination with types of text annotated (e.g., headings) and text structures (e.g., topic sentence) result in the manifestation of different functions. Furthermore, role-attached social forms also function the same as “signals” for sharing or communication. It is also observed that annotation functions shift in different reading tasks. In general, people consider online annotation very useful, and improvements in performance, effectiveness, and utility of annotation while reading online, as well as the ease with which the skill is acquired, account for this acceptance.
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Kukreja, Prateek S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Assessing the impact of annotation on understanding and retaining online news articles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122566.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2019
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-52).
Today's online news readers are distracted and inundated with content. Readers tend to skim and spend little time reading an article, leaving them less informed and sometimes, unknowingly, incorrectly informed since they may miss important details of an article. This behavior can also aid in the spreading of clickbait or sensational news articles because the reader may not spend the time needed to adequately evaluate the article. Past research in education and annotations has indicated that annotating while reading initiates critical thinking and helps readers stay focused. Little research has been done to test these findings outside the education domain. This thesis applies this past research to the context of online news reading to evaluate if these benefits can translate to online news readers. Findings from a lab study conducted as part of this thesis show that on average those who annotate while they read tend to spend more time on the article and on average have a better understanding of the article. These outcomes are promising because if the findings from the study can be replicated in a larger study, they could be used in designing a reading experience that is less susceptible to sensational news or fake news.
by Prateek Kukreja.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Voegler, Jens, and Gerhard Weber. "Simulation von Annotationen zur gemeinschaftlichen Nutzung geographischer Daten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143001.

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Books on the topic "Online annotations"

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Mello, Heliana, Massimo Pettorino, and Tommaso Raso, eds. Proceedings of the VIIth GSCP International Conference. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-351-9.

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The 7th International Conference of the Gruppo di Studi sulla Comunicazione Parlata, dedicated to the memory of Claire Blanche-Benveniste, chose as its main theme Speech and Corpora. The wide international origin of the 235 authors from 21 countries and 95 institutions led to papers on many different languages. The 89 papers of this volume reflect the themes of the conference: spoken corpora compilation and annotation, with the technological connected fields; the relation between prosody and pragmatics; speech pathologies; and different papers on phonetics, speech and linguistic analysis, pragmatics and sociolinguistics. Many papers are also dedicated to speech and second language studies. The online publication with FUP allows direct access to sound and video linked to papers (when downloaded).
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Kadivar, Mohsen, and Gianluca Parolin. Blasphemy and Apostasy in Islam. Translated by Hamid Mavani. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474457576.001.0001.

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Is it lawful to shed the blood of a man or a woman who insults the Prophet Muhammad? Does the Qur’an stipulate a worldly punishment for apostates? Beginning with a genealogy of religious freedom in contemporary Islam, this book tells the gripping story of Rafiq Taqi, an Azerbaijani journalist and writer, who was condemned to death by an Iranian cleric for a blasphemous news article in 2006. Delving into the most sacred sources for all Muslims – the Qur’an and Hadith – Mohsen Kadivar explores the subject of blasphemy and apostasy from the perspective of Shi’a jurisprudence to articulate a polarisation between secularism and extremist religious orthodoxy. In a series of online exchanges, he debates the case with Muhammad Jawad Fazel, the son of Grand Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani who issued the fatwa pronouncing death penalty on Taqi. While disapproving of the journalist’s writings, Kadivar takes a defensive stance against vigilante murders and asks whether death for apostasy reflects the true spirit of Islam. This book presents a back-and-forth debate between modern two Shi’a jurists (one conservative, one reformist) that locates the exact points of controversy surrounding apostasy and blasphemy. It engages with the broader subjects of religious freedom and human rights, addressing both secular and religious interests. The author’s extensive new introduction and annotations throughout the text brings the work up-to-date and place it in its academic and public contexts. Finally, the book takes a front-row seat to the debate on blasphemy and apostasy in Islam.
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Book chapters on the topic "Online annotations"

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Nguyen-Dinh, Long-Van, Alberto Calatroni, and Gerhard Tröster. "Robust Online Gesture Recognition with Crowdsourced Annotations." In Gesture Recognition, 503–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57021-1_18.

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Salem, Hamza, Manuel Mazzara, and Said Elnaffar. "Automatically Injecting Semantic Annotations into Online Articles." In Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 617–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75078-7_61.

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Hobel, Heidelinde, and Artem Revenko. "On the Quality of Annotations with Controlled Vocabularies." In Collective Online Platforms for Financial and Environmental Awareness, 98–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50237-3_4.

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Alducin-Quintero, Gerardo, Manuel Contero, Jorge Martín-Gutiérrez, David A. Guerra-Zubiaga, and Michael D. Johnson. "Productivity Improvement by Using Social-Annotations about Design Intent in CAD Modelling Process." In Online Communities and Social Computing, 153–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21796-8_16.

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Kawase, Ricardo, Eelco Herder, and Wolfgang Nejdl. "A Comparison of Paper-Based and Online Annotations in the Workplace." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 240–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04636-0_23.

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Toma, Ioan, Corneliu Stanciu, Anna Fensel, Ioannis Stavrakantonakis, and Dieter Fensel. "Improving the Online Visibility of Touristic Service Providers by Using Semantic Annotations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 259–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11955-7_31.

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Boudebza, Souâad, Lamia Berkani, Faiçal Azouaou, and Omar Nouali. "Using an Ontological and Rule-Based Approach for Contextual Semantic Annotations in Online Communities." In E-Learning Systems, Environments and Approaches, 95–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05825-2_8.

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Hofmann, Cristian, Nina Hollender, and Dieter W. Fellner. "Workflow-Based Architecture for Collaborative Video Annotation." In Online Communities and Social Computing, 33–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02774-1_4.

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Chang, Miao-Han, Maiga Chang, Rita Kuo, Fathi Essalmi, Vivekanandan S. Kumar, and Hsu-Yang Kung. "Annotation Recommendation for Online Reading Activities." In Challenges and Solutions in Smart Learning, 135–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8743-1_19.

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Otálora-Montenegro, Sebastian, Santiago A. Pérez-Rubiano, and Fabio A. González. "Online Matrix Factorization for Space Embedding Multilabel Annotation." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 343–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41822-8_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Online annotations"

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Li, Na, and Mary Beth Rosson. "Using annotations in online group chats." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557209.

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"A STRAIGHTFORWARD APPROACH FOR ONLINE ANNOTATIONS: SPREADCRUMBS - Enhancing and Simplifying Online Collaboration." In 5th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001824804070410.

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Yoon, Dongwook. "Enriching Online Classroom Communication with Collaborative Multi-Modal Annotations." In the 28th Annual ACM Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2815585.2815591.

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Jin, Ruibing, and Jianliang Wang. "Two-stream network for online quadrotor detection without dedicated annotations." In 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2019.8899924.

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Cai, Jia-Jia, Jun Tang, Qing-Guo Chen, Yao Hu, Xiaobo Wang, and Sheng-Jun Huang. "Multi-View Active Learning for Video Recommendation." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/284.

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On many video websites, the recommendation is implemented as a prediction problem of video-user pairs, where the videos are represented by text features extracted from the metadata. However, the metadata is manually annotated by users and is usually missing for online videos. To train an effective recommender system with lower annotation cost, we propose an active learning approach to fully exploit the visual view of videos, while querying as few annotations as possible from the text view. On one hand, a joint model is proposed to learn the mapping from visual view to text view by simultaneously aligning the two views and minimizing the classification loss. On the other hand, a novel strategy based on prediction inconsistency and watching frequency is proposed to actively select the most important videos for metadata querying. Experiments on both classification datasets and real video recommendation tasks validate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the annotation cost.
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Theiß, Ralf, Sven Langbein, and Tim Sadek. "Content-Based Support for Annotating New Content in a Wiki for Shape Memory Technology." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48240.

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The application of new technologies such as Shape Memory Technology (SMT) is a challenging task for product developers. On the one hand, product developers have to be aware of this new technology and its potential uses. On the other hand, they have to be enabled to apply SMT in their products. Therefore, the Special Research Field SFB459 – Shape Memory Technology provides a considerable amount of its scientific results in a wiki-based system. This system is accessible online to interested product developers. Comprehensive information about basic material research as well as about the application of SMT is available in the system. However, the usability of this information is limited especially by the complex hierarchical structure of the content, which is due to the different knowledge levels and disciplines of the users. To solve these problems, a new approach has been developed to improve the usability of the wiki and of the information provided. This approach replaces the hierarchical structure by a non-hierarchical collection of articles, which have been connected and rendered accessible by a set of annotations. These annotations allow the application of different methods for inserting and retrieving information. The users are supported by an assistance system which provides methods for the semi-automatic annotation of articles. This system recommends possible annotations using different content-based approaches to text analysis. The evaluation and application of different content-based approaches to a domain-specific wiki for SMT with a comparatively small number of articles is focused in this paper.
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Suhre, Cor, Koos Winnips, Vincent De Boer, Pablo Valdivia, and Hans Beldhuis. "Students’ experiences with the use of a social annotation tool to improve learning in flipped classrooms." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9131.

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To support the development and dissemination of more activating educational practices, pilot studies were launched on the use of the social annotation tool Perusall. During 2016-2017 several managers of higher education course units worked with Perusall in classes of a size varying from 10 to more than hundred students. To assess the usefulness and effectiveness of Perusall we focused on two related aspects (1) perception by students of Perusall as an appropriate tool to support the processing of the study texts and (2) the impact of student engagement in Perusall on students’ examination results. Student experiences were evaluated by means of online questionnaires about several aspects concerning to the adoption of Perusall and log data about student activities in the Perusall platform. The results of the study show that engagement in deep level processing of course content depends on three critical factors: the transparency of annotation assignments, the perceived ease of working in Perusall and teachers’ use of students’ annotations to discuss the course content during lectures. The study further shows that students receive better examination results the more they engage in the annotation assignments.
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Lin, Che-Li, and Hsing-Jung Tsai. "Awareness Instruction Facilitates Learning Motivation: Applying Interactive Response System and Online Annotations." In 2019 8th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai.2019.00230.

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Luo, Sihui, Xinchao Wang, Gongfan Fang, Yao Hu, Dapeng Tao, and Mingli Song. "Knowledge Amalgamation from Heterogeneous Networks by Common Feature Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/428.

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An increasing number of well-trained deep networks have been released online by researchers and developers, enabling the community to reuse them in a plug-and-play way without accessing the training annotations. However, due to the large number of network variants, such public-available trained models are often of different architectures, each of which being tailored for a specific task or dataset. In this paper, we study a deep-model reusing task, where we are given as input pre-trained networks of heterogeneous architectures specializing in distinct tasks, as teacher models. We aim to learn a multitalented and light-weight student model that is able to grasp the integrated knowledge from all such heterogeneous-structure teachers, again without accessing any human annotation. To this end, we propose a common feature learning scheme, in which the features of all teachers are transformed into a common space and the student is enforced to imitate them all so as to amalgamate the intact knowledge. We test the proposed approach on a list of benchmarks and demonstrate that the learned student is able to achieve very promising performance, superior to those of the teachers in their specialized tasks.
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A. K. Buitendag, Albertus, and Frederik Gerhardus Hattingh. "Semantically Enriching the Knowledge Payload of Knowledge Objects Through the Utilization of Knowledge Object Wrappers." In InSITE 2020: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Online. Informing Science Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4590.

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Aim/Purpose: In this research the authors present the designs of three different knowledge object meta-data wrapper models as a supportive technology to assist the knowledge intensive operations of a network of knowledge, such as a living lab. Background: Within any knowledge driven network environment there is a need to increase the corporate knowledge capacity of the network. The role of experts and knowledge brokers are emphasized, and the exchange of knowledge based on prior experiences informing corporate memories of the members, is the departure point of this research. Methodology: The primary research method applied is that of the design science research methodology supported by experience and application research and the literature. Contribution: Three different metadata models are presented that will when implemented support the informing process within the network of knowledge. The models are grounded on the utilization of metadata elements composing of various key descriptors as found in activity theory and normal means of heuristic enquiry which entail common questions. The elements are annotated and fur-ther enriched using standard JSON-LD IRI pairs. The presented models expand on the extant knowledge of the use of metadata annotations and present a novel way in encapsulating the corporate memories of knowledge workers in the form of knowledge object wrappers. Findings: The results of the evaluation process of the design science research methodolo-gy applied, showed that there is a consensus that the use of knowledge object wrappers as additional metadata, containers could enhance the knowledge ca-pacity and efficiency of a LL and in particular the knowledge brokers.
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