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Journal articles on the topic 'Online dispensing'
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Basile, Karen, Monserrat Martínez, Julia D. Lucaci, Claudia Goldblatt, and Idal Beer. "Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Service Delivery through a Robotic Dispensing System: A Case Study from a Retail Pharmacy in Brazil." Pharmacy 12, no. 5 (2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050130.
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Drug dispensing in retail pharmacies typically involves several manual tasks that often lead to inefficiencies and errors. This is the first published quality improvement study in Latin America, specifically in Brazil, investigating the operational impacts of implementing a robotic dispensing system in a retail pharmacy. Through observational techniques, we measured the time required for the following pharmacy workflows before and after implementing the robotic dispensing system: customer service, receiving stock, stocking inventory, separation, invoicing, and packaging of online orders for delivery. Time savings were observed across all workflows within the pharmacy, notably in receiving stock and online order separation, which experienced 70% and 75% reductions in total time, respectively. Furthermore, customer service, stocking, invoicing, and packaging of online orders, also saw total time reductions from 36% to 53% after implementation of the robotic dispensing system. This study demonstrates an improvement in the pharmacy’s operational efficiency post-implementation of the robotic dispensing system. These findings highlight the potential for such automated systems to streamline pharmacy operations, improve staff time efficiency, and enhance service delivery.
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Klein, Paul, S. Barry Eiden, Christine W. Sindt, et al. "Online contact lens dispensing for optometric practices." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 79, no. 12 (2008): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2008.10.003.
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Shan, Xiuyang, Han-Xiong Li, Haitao Si, and Yun Chen. "Integrated Sensing-/Model-Based Online Estimation of Jet Dispensing." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 8, no. 2 (2018): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2017.2783904.
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Ernest E, Onuiri, Oyebanji Inalegwu G, Fayehun Solomon A, and Chukwujioke Sam-David. "Online Pharmaceutical Management System." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 12 (2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n12p139.
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Pharmaceutical practices have evolved over time to become fully encompassed in all aspects of pharmacy itself. Such practices include: dispensing of drugs, consultation, drug regulation, and the sale of these drugs. The community pharmacies and hospital pharmacies have key roles to play in the pharmaceutical practices. For the community pharmacies in Sub- Saharan Africa, a strict approach to the sale and dispensation of drugs is not normally the case, due to the fact that laws governing pharmaceutical practices have not been fully enforced. On the part of the hospital pharmacies, there is a more controlled approach to the dispensing of drugs, as the prescriptions are readily available from the in-house doctors. There is a need for these practices to be fully enforced, and a management system introduced to the fray. With software such as the Online Pharmaceutical Management System, which provides a platform has been provided to help with drug regulation, as well as providing ease to all parties involved. The methodology used in the implementation of the software is the Incremental Model of System Development Life Cycle, which allows room for scalability as time goes on. Creating an Online Pharmaceutical Management System would help in pharmaceutical practices for all parties involved. It is eminent that the system provides a safe, secure and verified platform for all parties which help to bridge the communication gap and provide legitimate drugs. Therefore, if all recommendations are strictly adhered to, there will be strict monitoring and regulation of how drugs are circulated and a decrease in the spread of fake drugs.
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Zhang, Qing Qing, Xiao Dong Wang, Zheng Xu, and Ping Zhu. "Microdroplet Detection of Precision Dispensing for Miniature Parts Assembly Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 868 (July 2017): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.868.328.
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Microdroplet detection is the key for precision dispensing technology, which is widely applied in precise assembly of miniature parts, microelectronics packaging and biological tests. In order to measure droplet in micro scale for different working conditions, In this paper, an on-demand detection method--which is composed of statistical weighing detection to measure batch dispensing quality for large-scale production, real-time visual detection to measure droplet area and position accuracy for flexible production as well as pressing-plate method to measure nanoliter volume for single microdroplet detection--is presented. An automatic dispensing system to generate microdroplets is developed and the procedure of online detection based on machine vision of this dispensing system is introduced. Experimental results show that dispensing standard deviations measured by on-demand detection are 2.5 µg, 2.8 nl and 0.013 mm2 for weighing method, real-time detection and pressing-plate method, respectively. The results also prove that the pressing-plate method can measure single micro droplet of 10 nl.
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Shedd, Mikali, Anna Bozhkova, Bethany A. Kalich, and G. Lucy Wilkening. "Evaluation of Bexar County community pharmacist attitudes toward harm reduction." Mental Health Clinician 9, no. 6 (2019): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2019.11.383.
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Abstract Introduction Harm reduction is a term for strategies that minimize the negative outcomes of drug use. Given the progressing opioid epidemic, identifying barriers to harm reduction dispensing in community pharmacies is essential. Methods This online, survey-based study assessed community pharmacist attitudes toward harm reduction and perceived dispense rates of both naloxone and needles/syringes to patients without verifiable injectable prescriptions. The online survey was distributed to members of the Bexar County Pharmacist Association and university alumni. The survey collected demographics, perceived dispense rates of naloxone, needles and syringes, availability of pharmacy protocols for dispensing these products, and Likert-scaled attitudinal questions. Responses were collected for 6 weeks. Results Thirty-two survey responses were analyzed. Participants were generally white (n = 14) or Hispanic/Latino (n = 14), had a median age of 37 years (interquartile range, 32-49 years), and had a median graduation year of 2011 (interquartile range, 1988-2016). Most pharmacists agreed or strongly agreed they should be involved in harm reduction (n = 26) and that pharmacies are an appropriate place to access these resources (n = 26). However, most reported never or rarely dispensing both naloxone (n = 19) and needles and syringes (n = 22). Naloxone or needle and syringe protocol use was reported by 66% (n = 21) and 47% (n = 15) of pharmacists, respectively. Pharmacy protocols significantly enhanced the likelihood of naloxone dispensing (P = .007) but not needle and syringe dispensing (P = .24). Conclusion Community pharmacists exhibited positive attitudes toward harm reduction but reported low rates of dispensing both naloxone and needles and syringes. Pharmacy protocols could be enhanced to better support community pharmacists in this area.
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Chen, Cong Ping, Xiao Gang Dong, Wu Qin, and Zi Fan Fang. "Vision Based Control of Micro-Fluid Dispensing for Surface Mount Technology." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4380.
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Due to the complicated behavior of the dispensing fluid and have no effective method to measure the micro-fluid value dispensed online, controlling the micro-fluid dispensing process has proven to be a challenging task in achieving a high degree of consistency in the amount of fluid dispensed. To enhance the dispensing performance and get a high consistency, this paper presents the development of a model for prediction the amount of fluid dispensed. Based on the model, a vision based control strategy is then developed to improve the consistency in the amount of fluid dispensed. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.
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Neville, Michael W. "A Training and Communications Team Develops Online Learning Modules in Response to JCAHO Standard TX 3.5.2." Hospital Pharmacy 40, no. 5 (2005): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870504000508.
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Implementing house-wide training that affects multiple disciplines requires thoughtful and deliberate action. In response to JCAHO recommendations that require pharmacists to review all medication orders prior to medication dispensing, Emory Healthcare's pharmacy and nursing staff formed a coalition to improve the safety of the medication process using the Pyxis Profile automated cabinets. The Training and Communications Team (T&CT) developed online modules to inform staff members about new medication safety standards, required upgrades to the automated dispensing cabinets, and methods to avoid medication errors. Post implementation surveys indicated an overwhelming success of the education process.
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Wojewoda, Eva, and Katherine J. Chou. "Factors Associated With Dispensing Dosage Delivery Devices." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22, no. 4 (2017): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-22.4.251.
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OBJECTIVES A potential cause of medication errors in children is imprecise measurements, particularly using household spoons. There are no regulations requiring dispensing dose delivery devices (DDDs) with liquid prescription medications. Local, regional, and national pharmacy practice patterns are largely unknown. This study sought to determine how frequently devices are provided with prescription pediatric liquid medications with instructions for their use at pharmacies in Bronx, New York, and to examine which pharmacy and pharmacist characteristics are associated with reported practices. METHODS All pharmacies in Bronx, New York, were identified using an online telephone directory. A telephone survey was administered to the senior-level pharmacist that elicited availability of DDDs, whether pharmacy policy regarding dispensing devices existed, the pharmacist's personal practice of dispensing devices, and years in practice. RESULTS In total, 268 pharmacies were contacted; 214 had free DDDs (79.9%) most of the time, 97.8% had them available to buy, and 160 (59.7%) had no policy regarding dispensing devices. Overall, 199 pharmacists (74.3%) routinely dispensed devices, and 195 (73.3%) demonstrated the use of devices. However, 94 pharmacists (35.3%) recommended using a household spoon to measure correct doses at least some of the time. Pharmacists were less likely to give devices as their years in practice increased. CONCLUSIONS In our study, many Bronx pharmacies had no policy regarding dispensing DDDs for prescription liquid medications, and dispensing practices varied among pharmacists based on years in practice. If similar trends are found in other areas, standardizing pharmacy policy and pharmacists' practices may decrease morbidity in children due to medication measurement errors.
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Harvey, Bill. "CPD: Progress with progression." Optician 267, no. 6895 (2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2023.267.6895.19.
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Bill Harvey summarises some of the key points presented at the recent CooperVision Virtual Perspective online conference regarding the correction of younger patients with progressive myopia (C105055, suitable for logging as one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
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Daskalakis, George, Ashley Cid, Kelly Grindrod, and Michael A. Beazely. "Investigating Community Pharmacy Take Home Naloxone Dispensing during COVID-19: The Impact of One Public Health Crisis on Another." Pharmacy 9, no. 3 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9030129.
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A recent report found that the number of opioid-related deaths in Ontario in the first 15 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic was 38.2% higher than in the 15 weeks before the pandemic. Our study sought to determine if pharmacy professionals self-reported an increase or decrease in naloxone provision due to the pandemic and to identify adjustments made by pharmacy professionals to dispense naloxone during the pandemic. A total of 231 Ontario community pharmacy professionals completed an online survey. Pharmacy professionals’ barriers, facilitators, and comfort level with dispensing naloxone before and during the pandemic were identified. The sample consisted of mostly pharmacists (99.1%). Over half (51.1%) reported no change in naloxone dispensing, while 22.9% of respondents reported an increase and 24.7% a decrease. The most common adjustments made during the pandemic were training patients how to administer naloxone over video or phone, delivering naloxone kits, and pharmacy technicians offering naloxone at prescription intake. Over half (55%) of participants said the top barrier for dispensing was that patients did not request naloxone. Naloxone distribution through pharmacies could be further optimized to address the increased incidence of overdose deaths during the pandemic. Future research should investigate the reasons for changes in naloxone dispensing.
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Kallio, Sonja, Tiina Eskola, Marika Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä, and Marja Airaksinen. "Medication Risk Management in Routine Dispensing in Community Pharmacies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218186.
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Community pharmacists have a duty to contribute to medication risk management in outpatient care. This study aimed to investigate the actions taken by pharmacists in routine dispensing to manage medication risks. The study was conducted as a national cross-sectional online survey targeted at all community pharmacies in Finland (n = 576) in October 2015. One pharmacist from each pharmacy was recommended to be the spokesperson for the outlet to describe their practices. Responses were received from 169 pharmacies (response rate of 29%). Pharmacists were oriented to solving poor adherence and technical problems in prescriptions, whereas responsibility for therapeutic risks was transferred to the patient to resolve them with the physician. Pharmacists have access to a wide range of electronic medication risk management tools, but they are rarely utilized in daily dispensing. Attention was paid to drug–drug interactions and the frequency of dispensing with regard to high-risk medicines. Pharmacies rarely had local agreements with other healthcare providers to solve medication-related risks. In routine dispensing, more attention needs to be given to the identification and solving of therapeutic risks in medications, especially those of older adults. Better participation of community pharmacists in medication risk management requires stronger integration and an explicit mandate to solve the therapeutic risks.
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Santhosh, Srinivasan. "E-Commerce Fulfillment from Stores by Third Party Personal Shoppers." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 9, no. 2 (2024): 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10725820.
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In-Store fulfillment of online orders is a multi-step process involving Picking items from shelves into containers/totes, staging totes in an area to keep it ready for Dispensing to the customer/driver. In store associates were dedicating substantial time in dispensing online orders for customers and drivers. This involves skilled labor force to satisfy customer needs and demands in timely manner. One such way to mitigate above risk and meeting customer needs is through ‘On-Demand Personal Shopper’ network where any person can register to shop and deliver orders as an independent contractor, similar to Insta cart, Shipt, and Corner shop by Uber. This service enables customers to order groceries and essential items online and have them delivered to their doorstep within a few hours. While associate picking is currently best positioned for scheduled fulfillment, Shopper is optimized for faster on- demand fulfillment, such as the following: Flex hours and slot availability with extensive shopper network On-demand or urgent customer needs to get items delivered Customers needing more personalized care while shopping. Keywords:- Store Fulfillment, Picking, Staging, Dispense, Personal Shopper.
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Washburn, Mark, and Kenji Klein. "Dispensing pleasantries? Responding to legitimacy and reputation in online medical marijuana marketing." Management Decision 54, no. 8 (2016): 1947–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2015-0595.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop theory regarding reputation and legitimacy signaling by organizations in contested emerging fields characterized by category ambiguity. Because impression management becomes increasingly important as category boundaries become fuzzy, the authors examine how highly participatory audiences in contested emerging fields respond to organizational attempts to seek acceptance and manage impressions. Design/methodology/approach Using a database of web-based advertisements by 1,226 medical marijuana dispensaries, the authors test the effect that dispensary attempts to signal either legitimacy or reputation have on audience approval. Findings The authors find that audiences react differently to communication strategies intended to build reputation vs those intended to build legitimacy. Under conditions of highly contested category legitimation, audiences respond positively to signals of legitimacy but negatively to signals of reputation. Originality/value This study advances the understanding of category emergence and category building under conditions of contestation. The study adds to the growing body of work that suggests category creation involves unique collaborative processes between organizations and audiences, and the authors show that these processes constrain organizational attempts at impression management.
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Alridha, Ali Mohammed Abd, Karrar Mohammed Hasan Al-Gburi, Sarah Kadhim Abbood, Alaa Yasir, and Dhuha Hussam. "Practices, knowledge, and attitude toward dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in Iraqi pharmacies." Journal of Public Health and Development 21, no. 1 (2023): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210102.
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Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription (DAWRx) is a potential threat to global public health and can lead to antimicrobial abuse and resistance development. Further research is required to examine the characteristics of DAWRx practice in Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the practices of DAWRx in Iraqi community pharmacies. A semi-structured, validated, pilot-tested online questionnaire was used to conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study in March 2020 among the members of the Iraqi Pharmacist Syndicate. The questionnaire contained five sections: demographics, antibiotic dispensing knowledge, and the prevalence, sources, and characteristic features of DAWRx practices. The results are presented using descriptive statistics and significant associations were reported. A total of 403 respondents completed the questionnaire and, of them, 363 were analyzed. Despite having a satisfactory knowledge of dispensing (64.7%), the practice of DAWRx was prevalent (98.3%). DAWRx was reported based on the pharmacies’ recommendation (30.58%) and patients’ request for antibiotics. Adults and pediatric patients received antibiotics from pharmacies for various conditions. Injectable antibiotics were also dispensed without a prescription (mainly ceftriaxone, n = 51/72). Moreover, the prevalence and the daily number of antibiotics dispensed were significantly associated with sex, pharmacy attitude toward DAWRx, and DAWRx upon patients’ request. A significant association was noted between the knowledge of dispensing inquiries and the prevalence of and attitude toward DAWRx (p < 0.05). Impactful intervention strategies based on patterns identified in this study should be developed to improve antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies and safeguard public health from the adverse effects of antimicrobial resistance.
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Anthony, Buki, and Byki Huntjens. "CPD: Alcon talks: Toric." Optician 267, no. 6892 (2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2023.267.6892.20.
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Buki Anthony gives an overview of the first in a series of online education events, supported by Alcon. In this inaugural event, Dr Byki Huntjens offered an overview of the practice of toric contact lenses. (C104896, suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
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Poyongo, Baraka P., and Raphael Zozimus Sangeda. "Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding the Dispensing of Antibiotics without Prescription in Tanzania: An Explorative Cross-Sectional Study." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040238.
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Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. The pharmacist has the responsibility to supervise the dispensing of antibiotics with prescriptions to ensure rational use. An online semi-structured questionnaire was shared with approximately 1100 licensed pharmacists in Tanzania. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools before use for analysis. Of the 226 (20.5%) received responses, 197 had given consent and provided complete surveys. Notably, 153 (77.7%) of the 197 pharmacists had excellent knowledge about the legal requirements for dispensing antibiotics and the AMR challenge. Of the 197 surveyed pharmacists, 143 (72.6%) admitted to dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in their daily practice. Notably, 84.1% (37/44) of pharmacists with masters or PhD education were more likely to dispense without a prescription compared to 69.3% (106/153) among bachelor holders (p-value = 0.04). The reasons for administering antibiotics without a prescription included the pharmacy business looking for more profit, patient failure to obtain a prescription and the lack of stringent inspection of pharmacies by the regulatory authorities. Penicillins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the classes of antibiotics most commonly dispensed without a prescription. Stringent inspections by the regulatory authorities should detect and reduce dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. The community should be educated on the importance of medication prescription from a qualified medical practitioner.
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Ghodse, Hamid. "‘Uppers’ keep going up." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 4 (2007): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.035212.
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SummaryAmphetamine-type stimulants are the second most widely used drugs in the world. Over prescription results in diversion for recreational use and the development of dependence. The internet plays a significant role in global misuse of amphetamine-type stimulants, permitting uncontrolled dispensing by online pharmacies and providing information on techniques for illicit manufacture.
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Rijal, Roshija Khanal, Deepesh Mourya, Sanyam Bajimaya, and Anil Kumar Srivastava. "Trend of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Dispensing Technique in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (2021): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.32408.
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Introduction: The main purpose of this survey was to find out what technique for bevacizumab injection is practiced by ophthalmologists in Nepal and to evaluate which is the best technique of drug dispensing and what possible hindrances are there in following it. Materials and methods: This was an online survey using google forms. Results: There were a total of 34 participants in the survey. Most of the participants (58.8%) followed the same vial, multiple prick, multiple days method for giving intravitreal bevacizumab.. Majority of participants said they thought that aliquoting the drug and using it same day would be the best technique to prevent post injection endophthalmitis. Cost and unsuitability for small hospitals were the main factor preventing surgeons from practicing the best method. Conclusion: Risk of endophthalmitis can be reduced by following proper drug dispensing techniques. Aliquoting bevacizumab in smaller syringes under aseptic conditions can reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.
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Ferdiana, Astri, Yusuf Ari Mashuri, Luh Putu Lila Wulandari, et al. "The impact of a multi-faceted intervention on non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics by urban community pharmacies in Indonesia: a mixed methods evaluation." BMJ Global Health 9, no. 10 (2024): e015620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015620.
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IntroductionNon-prescription antibiotic dispensing is prevalent among community pharmacies in several low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated the impact of a multi-faceted intervention to address this challenge in urban community pharmacies in Indonesia.MethodsA pre-post quasi-experimental study was carried out in Semarang city from January to August 2022 to evaluate a 7-month long intervention comprising: (1) online educational sessions for pharmacists; (2) awareness campaign targeting customers; (3) peer visits; and (4) pharmacy branding and pharmacist certification. All community pharmacies were invited to take part with consenting pharmacies assigned to the participating group and all remaining pharmacies to the non-participating group. The primary outcome (rate of non-prescription antibiotic dispensing) was measured by standardised patients displaying symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection (UTI) and seeking care for diarrhoea in a child. χ2tests and multivariate random-effects logistic regression models were conducted. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with pharmacists, staff and owners as well as other relevant stakeholders to understand any persistent barriers to prescription-based dispensing of antibiotics.FindingsEighty pharmacies participated in the study. Postintervention, non-prescription antibiotics were dispensed in 133/240 (55.4%) consultations in the participating group compared with 469/570 (82.3%) in the non-participating group (p value <0.001). The pre-post difference in the non-prescription antibiotic dispensing rate in the participating group was 20.9% (76.3%–55.4%) compared with 2.3% (84.6%–82.3%) in the non-participating group (p value <0.001).Non-prescription antibiotics were less likely to be dispensed in the participating group (OR=0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.43)) and more likely to be dispensed for the UTI scenario (OR=3.29 (95% CI 1.56 to 6.94)). Barriers to prescription-based antibiotic dispensing included fear of losing customers, customer demand, and no supervising pharmacist present.InterpretationMultifaceted interventions targeting community pharmacies can substantially reduce non-prescription antibiotic dispensing. Future studies to evaluate the implementation and sustainability of this intervention on a larger scale are needed.
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M. Fakhrul Hardani, M. Rinaldhi Tandah, and Ririen Hardani. "Aplikasi “Terapi” Usaha Berbasis Teknologi Digital untuk Meningkatkan Pelayanan Kesehatan Kota Palu." Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) 7, no. 1 (2023): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i1.4201.
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Latar belakang: Teknologi digital sudah banyak digunakan dalam dunia perbisnisan, contohnya dalam pelayanan kefarmasian. Banyak apotek - apotek online didirikan pada sebuah platform aplikasi yang sudah terkenal, tetapi sangat disayangkan hal ini menyebabkan hilang pula peran seorang apoteker didalam platform tersebut. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat perangkat lunak berbasis mobile apps yang bekerja dengan sistem apotek online tanpa menghilangkan peran apoteker dan menentukan sistem regulasi penyerahan obat pada aplikasi Terapi Metode: Mobile apps terapi dibuat dengan menggunakan android studio, penentuan data dan informasi, penentuan system dispensing obat, desain aplikasi, penambahan fitur aplikasi, pembuatan logo aplikasi, pembuatan data base , desain interface aplikasi Hasil: aplikasi Terapi akan menampilkan 6 fitur utama yaitu menu Obat, Apotek, Apoteker, Rumah Sakit, Gawat Darurat, dan Order. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode Black Box Testing dengan hasil pengujian valid. Regulasi dispensing obat pada penggunaan aplikasi Terapi menganut system penyerahan obat berdasarkan golongan obat. Golongan obat keras & psikotropik tidak dapat dilayani melalui aplikasi terapi karna terkait penggunaan yang harus diawasi, efek samping dan toksisitas obat. Pemesanan obat yang tidak dilayani, pengguna akan diarahkan aplikasi untuk mendapatkan obat langsung pada apoteker dan dokter praktek Kesimpulan: aplikasi Terapi akan menampilkan 6 fitur utama yaitu menu Obat, Apotek, Apoteker, Rumah Sakit, Gawat Darurat, dan Order. Regulasi dispensing obat pada penggunaan aplikasi Terapi menganut system penyerahan obat berdasarkan golongan obat. Golongan obat keras & psikotropik tidak dapat dilayani melalui aplikasi terapi karna terkait penggunaan yang harus diawasi, efek samping dan toksisitas obat. Pemesanan obat yang tidak dilayani, pengguna akan diarahkan aplikasi untuk mendapatkan obat langsung pada apoteker dan dokter praktek.
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Ghadeer, Faisal Almutairi. "How ROWA AUTOMATED MACHINE help pharmacy department in King Fahad Medical City Riyadh SA." International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 11, no. 2 (2023): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435486.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Background: Automated medication dispensing systems were introduced in hospital pharmacies in the final decades of the twentieth century to reduce medication dispensing errors and save time and personnel. Methods: We described the process of introducing automation to a large outpatient pharmacy department, Rowa Vmax®️ 160 in King Fahad Medical City hospital, Riyadh SA. Results: This study confirms a 91% reduction in error rate before and after implementation of the Rowa Vmax® 160 system. AS per management expectation, 88% of the patients are served in 20 mins vs the expectation of 98% Conclusions: Rowa Vmax 160 introduces a novel dataset for the accurate, efficient, flexible, and scalable standardisation of pharmacy data in King Fahad Medical City hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia <strong>Keywords:</strong> Rowa Vmax®️ 160, automation dispensing system in pharmacy, robotic dispensing system , ROWA AUTOMATED MACHIN. <strong>Title:</strong> How ROWA AUTOMATED MACHINE help pharmacy department in King Fahad Medical City Riyadh SA <strong>Author:</strong> Ghadeer Faisal Almutairi <strong>International Journal of Healthcare Sciences</strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 11, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024</strong> <strong>Page No: 101-106</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 27-December-2023</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435486</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/how-rowa-automated-machine-help-pharmacy-department-in-king-fahad-medical-city-riyadh-sa</strong>
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Benkhaial, Arwa, Ghada Elfalah, Rania Elshalmane, et al. "Challenges Facing Libyan Pharmacists During the Drug Dispensing Process." AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 34, no. 2 (2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v34i2.75.
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Pharmacists are supposed to deliver services, like counseling, dispensing, and managing patients care plans. During daily routine they face problems that can hinder their job, e.g., work overload stress, or unorganized drug shelves, and unclear written prescription, which may lead to errors during drug dispensing. These errors are traumatic for the pharmacist and patient; therefore, it is crucial to reduce them and any circumstances that leads to them. In this study, we aimed to study some of the problems that face Libyan pharmacists in their daily routine and prevent them from performing their main roles as community pharmacists. An online cross-sectional survey of pharmacists in Libya was conducted over a period of four months. This online questionnaire was built using the “Google forms” application and was distributed to participants using social network groups of pharmacists. 182 pharmacists responded to this questionnaire. Almost (45%)of the respondents found it difficult to educate patients on their medicines and any related health issues. Meanwhile, the bulk majority (82%) stated that the major problem that faced them was getting a prescription written with very bad handwriting. About (59.4%) of the responding pharmacists stated that they did not have enough time to educate patients about their medications during drug dispensing. In conclusion, this study reveals some of the main challenges that face pharmacists during their daily work. Generally, it shows that it is necessary to make pharmacists aware of social and environmental factors that may complicate their work. This can be done by educating practicing pharmacists about “good pharmacy practices” through workshops and continuous learning programs. Additionally, regulating authorities should also play a role in establishing policies and laws that regulate the design of retail pharmacies.
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Tait, Paul, Amal Chakraborty, Kelly Jones, and Jennifer Tieman. "What Is the Community Pharmacists’ Role in Supporting Older Australians with Palliative Care Needs?" Healthcare 9, no. 5 (2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050489.
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As the population ages, the number of older populations globally requiring palliative care is rapidly growing, requiring services of multidisciplinary teams—including community pharmacists. The aim of this study is to describe the community pharmacists’ perceived role in providing services to community dwelling older Australians receiving palliative care. Utilising an eight-domain End of Life Directions for Aged Care (ELDAC) care model, a national cross-sectional questionnaire was designed and undertaken online with Australian community pharmacists. Respondents were asked questions relating to socio-demographic characteristics, practice characteristics, and scope of services provided. Of the 62 pharmacists who responded to the questionnaire, 51 were included in the final data analysis and reporting. Pharmacists working in dispensing roles made up about half of the respondents, while the remainder worked in settings such as general practice, residential aged care, or providing medication review services. Pharmacists can identify patients with indicators of poor life expectancy and mostly work with older Australians daily. Dispensing and non-dispensing pharmacists offer a range of services that complement each other. Organisations caring for the aged should consider the role of the pharmacist, in caring for people with palliative care needs, along with their carers.
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Bammesberger, Stefan Borja, Imad Malki, Andreas Ernst, Roland Zengerle, and Peter Koltay. "A Calibration-Free, Noncontact, Disposable Liquid Dispensing Cartridge Featuring an Online Process Control." Journal of Laboratory Automation 19, no. 4 (2014): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068213499757.
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Nowlan, Sarah-Emily, Neil J. MacKinnon, Ana Hincapie, and Matt Tachuk. "A survey of Alberta pharmacists’ attitudes, comfort and perceived barriers to a community-based naloxone program." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 154, no. 4 (2021): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17151635211018254.
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Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in the wellness of patients, families and friends affected by prescription and illicit opioid drugs. They are key partners of the Community Based Naloxone (CBN) Program in Alberta and similar programs across other Canadian jurisdictions. This publicly funded program is an evidence-based response to the opioid overdose crisis, facilitating access to and distribution of naloxone kits through pharmacies. The study aimed to describe Alberta community pharmacists’ practices, training, comfort levels and views in dispensing naloxone kits through the CBN program and detail potential perceived barriers to program participation. Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional online survey of Alberta pharmacists. Data collected from the survey were descriptive and evaluated using Microsoft Excel. Fisher exact tests were used to study the associations in responses among several demographic characteristics and related to dispensing practices, pharmacists’ beliefs and perceived barriers. Results: A total of 255 responses were included in the final analysis, with 89.8% of pharmacists replying “yes” to CBN program participation. Pharmacists on average were “comfortable” dispensing naloxone to patients for varying indications, with 85% reporting always providing education when dispensing naloxone to an individual for the first time. About 41% of pharmacists reported no barriers to the program, with the most common perceived barriers being lack of time (29%), demand (20%) and funding (19%). Conclusion: Most community pharmacists who responded to the survey participate in the CBN program in Alberta. They held positive beliefs about their role in screening patients for the risk of opioid overdose and are confident in their abilities to recommend and educate on naloxone kits. Proactive screening appeared lower, however, and dispensing kits were potentially variable. Addressing factors such as time, funding for services and demand may help further pharmacist uptake and success of the program. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
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Recchioni, Alberto, and Sunayna Verma Mistry. "CPD: Alcon talks." Optician 267, no. 6905 (2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2023.267.6905.25.
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In the first of a two-part review of the latest quarterly online education event, supported by Alcon, which looked at the latest science regarding contact lens wear and comfort, Dr Alberto Recchioni and Dr Sunayna Verma Mistry focused on how best to manage contact lens discomfort. (C105744, suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
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Hazen, Ankie C. M., Dorien L. M. Zwart, Judith M. Poldervaart, et al. "Non-dispensing pharmacists’ actions and solutions of drug therapy problems among elderly polypharmacy patients in primary care." Family Practice 36, no. 5 (2019): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmy114.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the process of clinical medication review for elderly patients with polypharmacy performed by non-dispensing pharmacists embedded in general practice. The aim was to identify the number and type of drug therapy problems and to assess how and to what extent drug therapy problems were actually solved. Method An observational cross-sectional study, conducted in nine general practices in the Netherlands between June 2014 and June 2015. On three pre-set dates, the non-dispensing pharmacists completed an online data form about the last 10 patients who completed all stages of clinical medication review. Outcomes were the type and number of drug therapy problems, the extent to which recommendations were implemented and the percentage of drug therapy problems that were eventually solved. Interventions were divided as either preventive (aimed at following prophylactic guidelines) or corrective (aimed at active patient problems). Results In total, 1292 drug therapy problems were identified among 270 patients, with a median of 5 (interquartile range 3) drug therapy problems per patient, mainly related to overtreatment (24%) and undertreatment (21%). The non-dispensing pharmacists most frequently recommended to stop medication (32%). Overall, 83% of the proposed recommendations were implemented; 57% were preventive, and 35% were corrective interventions (8% could not be assessed). Almost two-third (64%) of the corrective interventions actually solved the drug therapy problem. Conclusion Non-dispensing pharmacists integrated in general practice identified a large number of drug therapy problems and successfully implemented a proportionally high number of recommendations that solved the majority of drug therapy problems.
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Travé Huarte, Sònia. "CPD: Alcon talks." Optician 268, no. 6918 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2023.268.6918.21.
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The third in the series of online education events was delivered by Dr Sònia Travé Huarte. The focus of this webinar was to discuss dry eye and ocular health and how assessments can be implemented seamlessly into the normal routine to help practitioners diagnose and manage dry eye disease. (C106327, suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
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Wright, Eric R. "Concern about the Expanding Prescription Drug Epidemic: A Survey of Licensed Prescribers and Dispensers." Pain Physician 1;19, no. 1;1 (2016): E197—E208. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2016.19.e197.
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Background: Prescription drug misuse and abuse has reached epidemic levels in the U.S., and stands as a leading cause of death. As the primary gatekeepers to the medications contributing to this epidemic, it is critical to understand the views of licensed health care professionals. Objective: In this study, we examine health care professionals’ concern regarding prescription drug abuse in their communities and the impact their concern has had on their prescribing and dispensing practices. Study Design: An online survey of licensed health care providers. Setting: Conducted in Indiana. Methods: This study was a state-wide evaluation of Indiana’s prescription drug monitoring program. The questionnaire asked respondents how concerned they were about prescription drug abuse in their community. Variation in the level of concern was examined using ordinary least squares regression and information about the respondents’ demographic background and clinical experience. In addition, we used logistic regression to examine whether concern was associated with changing prescribing and/or dispensing behavior. Results: The majority of providers indicated they were “moderately” or “extremely concerned” about prescription drug abuse in their communities. The level of concern, however, varied significantly by profession, with pharmacists, physicians, nurse practitioners/physician assistants being more concerned than dentists. Additional analyses indicate that providers with higher levels of concern were those who also reported recently changing their prescribing and/ or dispensing behavior. Limitations: The voluntary nature and geographical focus of the study limits the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: Concern about prescription drug abuse is generally high across the major health care professions; however, a significant minority of providers, particularly among dentists, expressed little or no concern about the epidemic. Increasing health care providers’ general level of concern about prescription drug abuse may be an effective public health tool for encouraging voluntary reductions in prescribing and/or dispensing controlled substances. Key words: Attitudes of physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and dentists; prescription drug misuse and abuse; prescribing practices; dispensing practices
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Niu, Yanchang, Lishuang Wang, Zhenjun Yu, Jiaqi Huang, Biqing Huang, and Yisong Su. "Vision-based automatic order check method for online medicine dispensing cabinet under incomplete data." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 123 (August 2023): 106204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106204.
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Recchioni, Dr Alberto, and Dr Sunayna Verma Mistry. "CPD: Alcon Talks." Optician 267, no. 6906 (2023): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2023.267.6906.26.
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In the second of a two-part review of the latest quarterly online education event, supported by Alcon, which looked at the latest science regarding contact lens wear and comfort, Dr Alberto Recchioni and Dr Sunayna Verma Mistry discuss the tear film and how interaction with it may dictate the design of the perfect contact lens for comfort. (C105773, suitable for one distance learning CPD point for optometrists, contact lens opticians and dispensing opticians)
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Enríquez Fernández, Silvia. "Comparative legal framework for the dispensing of medicinal products in pharmacies in the different member states of the European Union." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia 88, no. 88(01) (2022): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.01.04.
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Dispensing is the act carried out by a pharmacist or under his supervision, aimed at ensuring that patients receive the medicines in the precise doses according to their individual requirements, for the appropriate period, with the information for their correct use, and in accordance with current regulations. To understand this act, the concept of medicine, the studies that a pharmacist must take, the regulation of the concepts of pharmaceutical management, as well as the pharmacy offices in the European Union have been previously analyzed. Finally, compare the act of dispensing in each of the countries of the European Union. To make that comparison, each of the rules directly affecting the act of dispensing medicinal products in each Member State has been translated, analysed and interpreted. The aspects that have been investigated have been: the obligatory presence of a pharmacist in the pharmacy office; the sale of medicinal products in establishments other than pharmacies; the ability to replace those medicinal products subject to medical prescription by the pharmacist; and, the regulation of the online sale of medicines subject to medical prescription. Although it is true that it has been concluded that the presence of the pharmacist is mandatory in 99% of the countries, no total harmony has been found in the regulations of the rest of the parameters subject to comparison in this research work.
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Doyno, Cassandra R., Lisa M. Holle, Renee Puente, Sharee Parker, Lauren M. Caldas, and Barbara Exum. "Expansion of MyDispense: A Descriptive Report of Simulation Activities and Assessment in a Certified Pharmacy Technician Training Program." Pharmacy 11, no. 1 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11010038.
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Background: Yale New Haven Health (YNHH) implemented a pharmacy technician training program in 2016. The curriculum includes 14 weeks of combined didactic and simulation hours (280 h in total), followed by 360 h of experiential learning. MyDispense, an online pharmacy simulation, allows students to develop and practice their dispensing skills in a safe environment with minimal consequences for mistakes. We describe a novel innovation, expanding the functionality of MyDispense to the training of pharmacy technicians. Methods: Technician training coordinator, supervisor, faculty members with experience in MyDispense, and experiential pharmacy students created cases within the MyDispense software that were targeted towards pharmacy technician activities. Activities were aligned with current American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)-Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Accreditation Standards for pharmacy technician education and training programs. Results: A total of 14 cases were developed to be utilized in student technician training, and account for approximately 14 h of simulation. Conclusions: MyDispense is an innovative software that could allow students to access and complete exercises, and to continue developing dispensing skills in a safe, remote environment. We identified similarities between activities performed by student pharmacists and student pharmacy technicians, expanding MyDispense to a new learner group to practice, develop and be assessed on dispensing skills within their scope, as part of a formal technician training program and in preparation for the Pharmacy Technician Certification Examination (PTCE).
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Wernow, Jerome R., and Donald G. Grant. "Dispensing with Conscience: A Legal and Ethical Assessment." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42, no. 11 (2008): 1669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1l049.
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Background: For over 30 years, pharmacists have exercised the right to dispense medications in accordance with moral convictions based upon a Judeo-Christian ethic. What many of these practitioners see as an apparent shift away from this time-honored ethic has resulted in a challenge to this right. Objective: To review and analyze pharmacy practice standards, legal proceedings, and ethical principles behind conflicts of conscientious objection in dispensing drugs used for emergency contraception. Data Sources: We first searched the terms conscience and clause and Plan B and contraception and abortion using Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft Networks (2006–September 26, 2008). Second, we used Medscape to search professional pharmacy and other medical journals, restricting our terms to conscience, Plan B, contraceptives, and abortifacients. Finally, we employed Loislaw, an online legal archiving service, and did a global search on the phrase conscience clause to determine the status of the legal discussion. Data Synthesis: To date, conflicts in conscientious objection have arisen when a pharmacist believes that dispensing an oral contraceptive violates his or her moral understanding for the promotion of human life. Up to this time, cases in pharmacy have involved only practitioners from orthodox Christian faith communities, primarily devout Roman Catholics. A pharmacist's right to refuse the dispensing of abortifacients for birth control according to moral conscience over against a woman's right to reproductive birth control has created a conflict that has yet to be reconciled by licensing agents, professional standards, or courts of law. Conclusions: Our analysis of prominent conflicts suggests that the underlying worldviews between factions make compromise improbable. Risks and liabilities are dependent upon compliance with evolving state laws, specific disclosure of a pharmacist's moral objections, and professionalism in the handling of volatile situations. Objecting pharmacists and their employers should have clear policies and procedures in place to minimize workplace conflicts and maximize patient care.
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Hamon, Marie, Flora Capelle, Raphaël Passemard, and Bénédicte Gourieux. "Assessment of an Online Training Tool for the Automated Unit-Dose Dispensing System (ADS) Process." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2019-0003.
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Abstract Background Automated unit-dose dispensing system (ADS) of oral solid medication is a complex and sensitive production process in the drug distribution system. Hence, an appropriate training of hospital pharmacy technicians (HPT) is essential. A basic training (observational and practical) of 3 weeks is first organized to evaluate the HPT, followed by an interview with both the pharmacist and the HPT chief. The importance of the human factor (daily routine and repetitive tasks) showed by the risks analysis within this process has led us to search new learning methods to keep the team engaged. An e-learning training was selected in order to further complete the HPT initial training but also as a continuous training to the HPTs who are already working in the ADS process. Process and Methods The e-learning tool was developed using the Google® platform and includes four theoretical training modules (Google® Slides): Module 1 “General organization”, Module 2 “Automatic preparation machine”, Module 3 “Repackaging” and Module 4 “Non-automated drug dispensing”. Each module ends with a self-assessment (Google® Forms). Various teaching materials are included: links to institutional procedures, videos, photos, quizzes, simulations … A minimum of 75 % of correct answers is requested to validate each module. The e-learning, once final, was validated with a new HPT and with five HPTs already in place for more than a year. A satisfaction form is available at the end of the training. Results The 6 HPTs obtained an average of 17.75/20 correct answers. The most successful modules were 1 and 4 (average per module: M1 = 18.5/20; M2=16.8/20; M3=17/20; M4=18.7/20). For module 3, two HPTs scored below 75 % and therefore had to pass this module again. The average time to complete this training was 1.5 hours. HPTs are 100 % satisfied with the training and the teaching materials used. Discussion/Conclusions The e-learning tool fit well with the initial training and the continuous training of the HPTs. Its set up is simple. The duration length spent on the training is shortened for both the pharmacist and the learner. This tool is tailored to the learner needs and constraints. It allows the integration of playful and interactive teaching tool which were appreciated. An audit will be conducted to assess the impact of this training tool on the overall ADS process.
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Spears, Charlotte. "Consumer Protection: Online Sale of Prescription Drugs to Minors Not Unconscionable." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500008561.
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In Stovall v. Confimed.com, the Kansas Supreme Court held that an out-of-state medical doctor who sold a prescription drug to a Kansas minor over the Internet did not commit an unconscionable act under the Kansas Consumer Protection Act (KCPA). The Shawnee Country District Court had enjoined the doctor from prescribing or dispensing prescription medicine within the state of Kansas, and the doctor appealed the injunction to the Kansas Supreme Court. The Supreme Court affirmed the district court's decision to grant injunctive relief, but found no unconscionable conduct under the KCPA.The appellee, Washington physician Dr. Howard J. Levine, sold the sexual enhancement drug Viagra over the Internet through his online pharmacy. Neither the physician nor the online pharmacy was licensed to practice in Kansas. The purchasers were two Kansas residents, one of whom was a minor. Both purchased the drugs in a sting operation conducted by the Kansas Attorney General and received the drugs after completing an online application.
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Pedersen, Craig A., Philip J. Schneider, Michael C. Ganio, and Douglas J. Scheckelhoff. "ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Dispensing and administration—2020." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 12 (2021): 1074–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab120.
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Abstract Purpose Results of the 2020 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings are presented. Methods Pharmacy directors at 1,437 general and children’s medical/surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from the IQVIA hospital database. Results The response rate was 18.7%. Almost all hospitals (92.5%) have a method for pharmacists to review medication orders on demand. Most hospitals (74.5%) use automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) as their primary method for drug distribution. A third of hospitals use barcodes to verify doses during dispensing in the pharmacy and to verify ingredients when intravenous medications are compounded. More than 80% scan barcodes when restocking ADCs. Sterile workflow management technology is used in 21.3% of hospitals. Almost three-quarters of hospitals outsource some sterile preparations. Pharmacists can independently prescribe in 21.1% of hospitals. Pharmacist practice in ambulatory clinics in 46.2% of health systems and provide telepharmacy services in 28.4% of health systems. Conclusion Pharmacists continue their responsibility in their traditional role in preparation and dispensing of medications. They have successfully employed technology to improve safety and efficiency in performance of these duties and have employed emerging technologies to improve the safety, timeliness, and efficiency of the administration of drugs to patients. As pharmacists continue to expand their role to all aspects of medication use, new opportunities highlighted in ASHP’s Practice Advancement Initiative 2030 have been identified.
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Dubé, Pierre-André, Julien Vachon, Caroline Sirois, and Élise Roy. "Opioid prescribing and dispensing: Experiences and perspectives from a survey of community pharmacists practising in the province of Quebec." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 151, no. 6 (2018): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163518805509.
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Background: Canada leads in opioid prescription and consumption rates, and this has resulted in high levels of opioid-related morbidity and mortality. Pharmacists’ input could contribute significantly to understanding the disadvantages of opioid prescribing and dispensing and improving the service. This study aimed to examine the experiences of community pharmacists in relation to opioid prescribing and dispensing, with a focus on optimizing collaboration and communication. Methods: An online survey was performed among pharmacists from the province of Quebec, Canada, in 2016. Pharmacists were eligible if registered and working in community pharmacies. Results: In all, 542 questionnaires were analyzed (participation rate of 8.1%). Pharmacotherapy-related problems were reported in at least 50% of opioid prescriptions: additional drug(s) required (reported by 30% of pharmacists), interaction(s) between opioid(s) and other drug(s) (16%), physician did not meet the general issuing standards for opioid prescriptions (26%) and patient had mild to moderate pain that was easily managed by a nonopioid analgesic (20%). Half of the patients were reported as requesting anticipated refills, possibly indicating abuse or poor pain control. Most pharmacists (89.6%) reported needing to contact physicians in 1 to 3 out of 10 opioid prescriptions, but many pharmacists (71.8%, often or very often) reported difficulties communicating with physicians. Conclusions: Pharmacists’ observations of pharmacotherapy-related problems and patients’ unusual behaviours reveal a significant number of issues related to opioid prescribing and dispensing in an outpatient setting. Improved collaboration between physicians and pharmacists appears mandatory to address the issues reported in this study.
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Ali, Mohammad D., Fatimah E. Al Mubarak, Sherihan A. Ghosn, et al. "Knowledge, Attitude, and the Practice of Community Pharmacists to Dispense Opioid-Related and Opioid-Containing Medication in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_349_23.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacists—working in Saudi Arabia—regarding over-the-counter opioid-related and opioid-containing medications. Materials and Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that was distributed through social media and taken to the community pharmacists in person. A total of 101 responders were reached in a period of around 3 weeks. Results: Most of the pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia are non-Saudi (85.15%), males (88.12%), and the majority are holders of bachelor’s degrees (85.15%). More than half of the participants spend a considerably sufficient time with the patient 6–10 minutes (60.4%). The availability of a private counseling room in community pharmacies is significantly low (21.78%). Only (69.41%) of participants always counsel the patient before dispensing opioid-related medications. Most of the participants (84.76%) believe that all over-the-counter opioid-related and opioid-containing medications should be restricted to avoid drug abuse. Conclusion: A little neglect from pharmacists’ side regarding dispensing such medications was observed; thus, there is a significant need to raise their awareness regarding over-the-counter opioid abuse.
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Wasir, Riswandy, and Apriningsih Apriningsih. "Pelatihan Teknik Sediaan Aseptis untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Apoteker Indonesia." Jurnal Pemberdayaan Komunitas MH Thamrin 5, no. 1 (2023): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37012/jpkmht.v5i1.1495.
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Pelatihan tentang teknik aseptik dilakukan secara online dengan metode online meeting, presentasi ceramah, diskusi interaktif, dan simulasi praktek selama dua hari, terdiri atas tujuh materi. Pelatihan diikuti oleh 25 peserta, dengan rata-rata usia 27 tahun dan latar belakang pendidikan farmasi dan keperawatan. Setiap materi diberikan pre-test dan post-test. Hasil post-test menunjukkan peningkatan nilai dibandingkan dengan pre-test pada setiap materi pelatihan, dengan peningkatan tertinggi terjadi pada materi aseptik dispensing (46%) dan pembuatan sediaan aseptis (45%). Kesimpulan dari pelatihan ini adalah bahwa metode pelatihan online yang digunakan sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang teknik aseptik. Namun, terdapat saran untuk melakukan evaluasi lebih lanjut mengenai kebutuhan peserta sebelum penyusunan materi dan penambahan waktu untuk simulasi praktek serta sesi diskusi dan interaksi antar peserta. Dalam rangka memastikan pelatihan yang lebih efektif, penting bagi penyelenggara pelatihan untuk memperhatikan kebutuhan peserta dan menyusun metode pelatihan yang lebih terfokus dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga peserta dapat memahami dan menguasai teknik aseptik dengan lebih baik.
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Abel, Jhon Amatong, Asentista Hepzibahjoy, Mae Diasnes Cheri, et al. "Learners' Perceptions on My Dispense Virtual Simulation in the Philippines." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 6 (2022): 1627–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6893193.
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MyDispense, a virtual simulation developed by the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Monash University, aims to give experience to learners to practice their drug dispensing skills without harm. This study sought to determine the learners' level of perception of MyDispense virtual simulation on participation, interaction, accessibility, self-directed, and adaptability. The research utilized a mixed qualitative and quantitative method through purposive sampling technique among pharmacy students from Philippine institutions that applied MyDispense in their curriculum. An online survey through Google Forms was conducted among three hundred twenty-two (322) respondents analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test for the quantitative section and Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) to determine the barriers, challenges, and recommendations when using MyDispense. Results showed that respondents were mostly female (78.9%), in their second year of college (55.90%), had internet speed of 3-5 Mbps (38.51%), and were studying in the southern part of the Philippines (83.54%). The study revealed high levels of perceptions of MyDispense for virtual dispensing practice expressed in mean values of learners' participation (3.97), interaction (3.47), accessibility (3.53), self-directed (3.55), and adaptability (3.76). Moreover, significant relationships (p<0.05) were found on participation & internet connectivity (0.000); accessibility & internet connectivity (0.05); self-directed & institution (0.000); and adaptability & year level (0.030). Filipino pharmacy students had experienced various challenges in using MyDispense, such as connectivity issues, gadgets incompatibility, etc. but found ways to overcome them. The study concluded that MyDispense could be a promising tool for reinforcing community and hospital pharmacy dispensing practice skills to students during their pharmacy education.
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Koh, Howard K., Loris J. Elqura, Christine M. Judge, et al. "Implementing the Cities Readiness Initiative: Lessons Learned From Boston." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, no. 1 (2008): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e318164f440.
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ABSTRACTThe federally funded Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) requires seamless federal, state, and local public health coordination to provide antibiotics to an entire city population within 48 hours of an aerosolized release of anthrax. We document practical lessons learned from the development and implementation of the Boston CRI plan. Key themes center on heightened emphasis on security, a new mass protection model of dispensing, neighborhood-centric clinic site selection, online training of Medical Reserve Corps volunteers, and the testing of operations through drills and exercises. Sharing such lessons can build national preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:40–49)
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Dheyaa Jabbar Kadhim and Ammar Fadhil Shanan. "Practices and Perception of Community Pharmacists Towards Antimicrobial Stewardship in Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 34, no. 2 (2025): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss2pp21-28.
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Abstract The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is related mostly to their use, overuse, or misuse. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to the interventions designed to measure and improve the appropriate use of antimicrobials by promoting the selection of the optimal antimicrobial drug, dose, duration of therapy, and route of administration. Community pharmacists are key health-care professionals for any AMS programs due to their role in dispensing of antimicrobials. This study aimed to evaluate the practices and perception of Iraqi community pharmacists regarding AMS. The present study was a cross-sectional online survey study that was conducted anonymously during two months’ period (July-to-August 2021) on community pharmacists using a convenience sampling technique. The study recruited 210 pharmacists with average age of (29.55 ±6.45 years) and more than half (50.95%) were men. The average years of pharmacist experience were (5.45±5.15 years). Most of them lived in Baghdad (61.9%). Regarding practices of community pharmacists towards AMS, the results of the present study revealed positive practices of community pharmacists towards AMS (the median score was 42 which above the average). However; about (39.0%) of community pharmacists agreed that they dispense antibiotics without prescription. The majority of pharmacists (80%) agreed that they recommend medicines other than antimicrobials for minor conditions. In addition, about (77%) disagreed that they dispense antibiotics for a longer duration than prescribed by the physicians. Regarding the perception of community pharmacists towards AMS, the results of the present study revealed neutral perception (the median score was 30 which equal to the average). More than three quarter of respondents (about 78%) agreed that they keep in mind side effects while dispensing antibiotics. In this study, the majority of community pharmacists (about 87%) agreed that most of population self-medicate with antibiotics. Finally, results of the current study show that none of the sociodemographic characteristic of the participants had a significant effect on practices and perception of community pharmacists towards AMS. In conclusion, community pharmacists in Iraq, have neutral perception regarding AMS and they are practicing it well. But there are some gaps in their practices that must be addressed, such dispensing antibiotics without a prescription and dispensing antibiotics for a longer duration than prescribed.
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Orisile, A. G., R. H. M. Lim, A. A. Naqvi, and A. Amlogu. "Antimicrobial stewardship in sub-Saharan African community pharmacies: a systematic review of community pharmacists’ knowledge, practice and challenges faced." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 32, Supplement_2 (2024): ii61—ii62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riae058.073.
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Abstract Introduction The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) as one of the global sustainable development interventions to tackle AMR. Implementation of AMS interventions have been documented to be successful in high-income countries 1, however, there is paucity of data regarding the implementation and effectiveness of AMS in low-income settings including sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Community pharmacies in the SSA play a critical role in the dispensing of medicines, including antibiotics. Aim To evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge, practice, and challenges faced in relation to AMS in SSA community pharmacies. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework guided the review. We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, African Journal Online and Wiley Online library) from January 2010 to December 2022. Reference lists of included articles were screened for additional studies. Studies published in English that described AMS interventions, antibiotic dispensing practices, community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions of AMS/AMR were included. Literature reviews and systematic reviews were excluded. AMS in hospital pharmacy and animal studies were also excluded. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full texts according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was employed to assess the quality of the included studies2. Data were extracted using a standardised form in Microsoft excel and double checked for accuracy. Data were synthesised using narrative synthesis. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023381320). The study did not require ethical approval because it did not involve conducting primary or secondary research involving human participants. Results The review identified 1972 articles, of which 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied in settings, design, and data collection methods. Two broad categories were identified from the narrative synthesis. (1) Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, perception, and dispensing practices (n=20). Studies reported that community pharmacists displayed an understanding of how antibiotics work. They also acknowledged threats posed by AMR. Some studies reported misconceptions on clear guidelines about the practical implementation of AMS, other studies described good adherence to antibiotic dispensing practices, including taking medication histories, assessing symptoms, advising on completion of antibiotic courses and making referrals. One study described the perception of community pharmacists of AMS as crucial for improving patient care. (2). Determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales (n=3). The studies explored factors influencing the sale of antibiotics without prescription. Studies identified pharmacy owners’ expectations (profitability) and lack of public awareness regarding the risks of non-prescription antibiotic use as contributing factors. Limited patient access to doctors and low economic status in SSA were also cited as determinants. Conclusions Community pharmacists have knowledge of antibiotics, and they also acknowledged the importance of AMS. There were also positive dispensing practices despite existing challenges regarding implementation of AMS and sales of antibiotics without prescription. Further research should prioritize well-designed studies that evaluate the effectiveness of AMS in this setting and address the challenges identified. Heterogeneity of study methods limits the generalisability of findings. References 1. Trivedi KK, Dumartin C, Gilchrist M, Wade P, Howard P. Identifying Best Practices Across Three Countries: Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship in the United Kingdom, France, and the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2014 Oct 15;59 (suppl_3): S170–8. 2. Hong QN, Gonzalez-Reyes A, Pluye P. Improving the usefulness of a tool for appraising the quality of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice [Internet]. 2018 Feb 21;24(3):459–67
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Why Pharmaceutical Drug Traceability in the US Needs a Centralized Cloud-Based Platform." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 21 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i214153.
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Pharmaceutical serialization is a regulatory compliance that assures a unique identifier assigned to every unit of prescribed medicine. This unique identifier is used for product tracking and authentication in the supply chain. Initially, in 2018, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) implemented pharmaceutical drug serialization regulations to mitigate the risk of counterfeit medicine entering the US market. Under this regulation, the pharmaceutical drug manufacturer is required to print a 2D data matrix barcode encoded with unique identification on each drug unit. Basically, printing a unique identification code on each prescribed drug for authenticity and traceability is not sufficient to eliminate the risk of drug counterfeiting. Subsequently, criminals and drug counterfeiters can still supply illicit or stolen drugs into the supply chain through an illegal source or online trade by imitating the same information in multiple units. After this regulation's enforcement, we observed that the US market lacks a mechanism to authenticate individual drug units with a centralized, secure repository before dispensing them to patients. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, drug counterfeiters and criminals have produced large quantities of contaminated drugs, which they then distribute through their illicit networks and underground social media platforms. Furthermore, COVID-19 supply chain disruptions, non-business resilience, and the fear of ransomware have all contributed to a rise in the mass fabrication of counterfeit medications. Ultimately, the United States needs a centralized cloud-based database hub where all authorized trading partners should be connected for medicine authentication. In this process, the manufacturer must update the product's unique identifier in the centrally connected hub database before supplying drugs to the market. Further, the dispenser, pharmacy, or hospital should authenticate the unique identifier of the product using the same database before dispensing it to patients. Finally, this process will ensure that patients are getting authenticated medicine and will mitigate the risk of dispensing counterfeit or illegal drugs.
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Cid, Ashley, Alec Patten, Michael Beazely, Kelly Grindrod, Jennifer Yessis, and Feng Chang. "Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Pharmacy 10, no. 1 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10010024.
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The number of opioid-related deaths in Canada has steadily increased since 2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this trend. Naloxone has been pivotal for reducing opioid-related harms and death, and pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring the supply of naloxone to Canadians through community pharmacies. However, naloxone dispensing by pharmacists is not optimal; in fact, in Ontario, only 50% of pharmacists offer naloxone, despite national guidelines that pharmacists should offer naloxone to everyone with an opioid prescription. When asked why pharmacists do not proactively offer naloxone, recent research has identified that pharmacists need continuing education to boost confidence and knowledge on how to start conversations with patients. The study involves a delayed start, double-blind randomized controlled trial, for Canadian licensed pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. The goals of the program are to increase Canadian pharmacy professional’s knowledge, confidence, and motivation to proactively offer naloxone, as well as to decrease stigma associated with naloxone. The program incorporates behaviour change techniques from the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The intervention program includes three modules that focus on improving pharmacists’ communication skills by teaching them how to proactively offer naloxone, while the control group will complete a reading assignment on the naloxone consensus guidelines. The program will involve a process and outcome evaluation in addition to a contribution analysis. This program is important for breaking down previously identified barriers and knowledge gaps for why pharmacists currently do not proactively offer naloxone. This study will provide important new information about what behaviour change techniques are successful in improving confidence and motivation in the pharmacy profession and in an online environment. Findings from this study can be used to produce a national naloxone education program that can also be implemented into current pharmacy school curriculum.
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Balough, Meghan, Stephen Nwankpa, and Elizabeth Unni. "Readiness of Pharmacists Based in Utah About Pain Management and Opioid Dispensing." Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7010011.
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Prescription opioid use disorder is a growing epidemic and pharmacists as the dispensers of prescription drugs can play a crucial role in the management of the opioid crisis. However, few studies have examined pharmacists’ perceptions of their role in it. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of pharmacists in Utah regarding their role in the opioid epidemic. The study utilized a cross sectional online survey design to understand the pharmacist knowledge and beliefs regarding pain management, opioids, naloxone, and the various opioid risk identification tools. Frequencies, t-tests, and chi-squared were used to describe and analyze the data. A total of 239 surveys were qualified for analysis. Analysis showed that pharmacists have positive attitudes towards opioid crisis management; however, this positive attitude was higher among newer pharmacists. Though the pharmacists were knowledgeable with the opioid pharmacotherapy and prescribing guidelines, they demonstrated education needs for hands-on training when faced with a situation of prescription opioid use disorder in their practice. The use of risk identification tools was not prevalent. Results show lack of active participation by pharmacists in this major public health challenge, and the need for education in several aspects of opioid dispensing, naloxone use, and efficient use of risk identification tools.
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Architha, Aithal, and R. Shabaraya A. "Users Perspectives on Online Pharmacy Model." International Journal of Health Sciences and Pharmacy (IJHSP) 2, no. 1 (2018): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1292790.
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The advents in technology through continuous innovations have supported to improve the quality of the human life in the society. One of the innovation due to the invention of ICT based online/mobile high-speed internet is e-business which allowed the development of online shopping/purchase of both intangible and tangible commodities online. The major advantage and benefit of this online model is its ubiquity, convenience, and low cost to the customer. The online shopping/purchase model is now becoming popular especially among youngsters. One variation of this e-purchase model is online pharmacy model where a consumer can purchase the prescribed drug online to take some of the advantages of this model. In this paper, we have studied the customer’s attitude, views, and concern on this new channel of drug distribution using the data collected by online questionnaire from the general population. The data obtained from this survey is analysed, assessed and interpreted. Based on information collected and focused group study, the online pharmacy model is analysed using ABCD analysis framework. The various issues related to online pharmacy, affecting factors are studies under ABCD constructs using ABCD listing methodology. Based on the outcome of the study, many recommendations are suggested for developing proper controlling mechanism/regulations for drug control authorities of the country to avoid misuse of the online channel for the drug purchase.
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Zheng, Hai-yan, and Xing-cheng Ran. "Application of QR Code Online Testing Technology in Nursing Teaching in Colleges and Universities." Scientific Programming 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6380501.
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In view of the current situation that the nursing teaching content is lacking pertinence and cannot effectively cultivate students’ critical thinking, this paper puts forward the application analysis of two-dimensional code online testing technology in nursing teaching in colleges and universities. Through the analysis of two-dimensional code recognition technology architecture and common application fields, an intelligent nursing teaching platform for two-dimensional code online testing technology was designed. Systematically, we summarize the advantages of intelligent nursing teaching platform, use flash and 3D technology to complete the virtualization of nursing teaching scene, and use XML technology to update and save teaching resources; we further build an intelligent nursing teaching platform by using the basic plate, nursing station plate, ward plate, dispensing room plate, and case and operation review plate. The experimental results show that under the two-dimensional code online test technology, the nursing teaching method in colleges and universities has strong teaching resource processing efficiency, improves the operation level of students’ nursing technology, and effectively cultivates the academic thinking of nursing students, which is of great significance to the progress of nursing teaching.