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Nabawanuka, Jaynefrances. "Development of a Self Enforceable Online Arbitration System Is the Key To Effective Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4522.
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Hammond, Anne-Marie G. "The effectiveness of online dispute resolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62018.pdf.
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Leung, Siu Cheong. "Building trust and confidence in online dispute resolution." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833787a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.<br>Title from title screen (viewed on 27 Mar. 2006) "Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement of Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Includes bibliographical references.
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Alfuraih, Saleh Ibrahim. "E-commerce protocol supporting automated online dispute resolution." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2132.
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E-commerce now constitutes a significant part of all commercial activity; however the increase in transactions is also leading to more disputes. These disputes are becoming more frequent, more technologically complicated and more difficult in terms of traceability . This thesis focuses specifically on dispute problems related to soft products, i.e. those that are intangible and therefore requiring no physical delivery. With the growing demand for these types of products, e.g. downloadable films, music, software, and prepaid calling time, the prevention of fraudulent transactions is becoming increasingly important. Reasons for the rise in the number of fraudulent transactions include merchants being unable to see the customer to verify an ID or signature and E-commerce enabling soft-products and services to be acquired via soft delivery methods: email, download or logging in. The introductory section provides a critique of current e-commerce fraud detection and prevention techniques and shows that not all are suitable for e-commerce, especially soft-products, and therefore unable to provide complete protection against fraud. The future relating to the detection and prevention of e-commerce fraud is then discussed, leading to suggestions regarding the improvement of the current state-of-the-art technique, the Address Verification Service (AVS), which is used to accommodate the introduction of soft-products. Apart from the exchange process problems, i.e. those involving money and goods, attention is also paid to other important factors such as timing and quality that are usually neglected in these detection and prevention techniques. Dispute scenarios from many different perspectives have been analysed, viz. computer science, business, legal and that of the participants themselves. From the analyses, all possible dispute cases have been formally listed using the 'Truth Table' approach. This analysis has then led to the design of a comprehensive taxonomy framework for dispute in e-commerce. The term Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), is the online technology applied to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which is resolving disputes other than via litigation in the courts. Current ODR systems and their suitability for the e-commercial world have been examined, concluding that not all are appropriate for e-commerce situations (since most still involve a human element and often make the resolution process more costly than the actual item under dispute). The proposed solution to the problem is by automating the online dispute resolution process. The total solution is described in two parts (i) an E-commerce Transaction Protocol (ETP) forming the infrastructure where the transaction will take place and be able to accommodate any new improvements in the future, and (ii) an Automated Online Dispute Resolution (AODR) system which should automatically resolve any dispute occurring within the proposed e-commerce model. In order for the AODR to resolve any dispute, a product/payment specific plug-in (add-on) has been incorporated into the system. For illustration purposes, credit cards as a payment method has been selected and the appropriate plug-in specification for soft products and credit cards created. The concept of providing every soft product with a quality certificate has also been discussed. A concluding case study of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia has been used to test the viability of both the e-commerce dispute taxonomy and the proposed model. The case study shows the suitability of using ETP with AODR in order to resolve soft-product disputes automatically. Limitations of the work and further research possibilities have then been identified.
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Larsén, Linus. "Online dispute resolution och artificiell intelligens : en överblick." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140686.
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Traesch, Bruno. "Online dispute resolution : le règlement en ligne des différends." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010301.
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L'hypothèse de l'existence de quatre changements d'échelle (spatiale, temporelle, des coûts et dans le traitement de l'information) en ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) s'inspire de la thèse principale du professeur canadien Marshall Mc Luhan selon laquelle, "le message d'un médium ou d'une technologie, c'est le changement d'échelle, de rythme ou de modèle qu'il provoque dans les affaires humaines". On constate en pratique, une transnationalité renforcée, caractérisée par une nouvelle mobilité internationale, qu'illustre par exemple la délocalisation de certaines procédures extrajudiciaires nationales auprès de centres de médiation et d'arbitrage situés à l'étranger. On relève également la nouvelle célérité de certaines procédures rythmées par le temps électronique des communications. Par ailleurs, les technologies de l'information ont débouché dans certains secteurs sur une massification du nombre de différends et sur la création de centres ODR à grande échelle à même de résoudre ces nombreux différends, notamment grâce à l'apparition de l'automatisation informatique dans le règlement des différends. Les effets des quatre changements d'échelle principaux se manifestent aussi bien sur le plan des principes, que sur celui des règles en ODR, ce qui démontre que ces changements d'échelle sont la caractéristique des procédures en ligne. Les ODR sont des ADR qui ont opéré les quatre changements d'échelle principaux des technologies de l'information. L'étude des ODR est ainsi un exercice d'interdisciplinarité et d'approche comparative et culturelle transnationale.
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Unland-Schlebes, Christiane. "B2C online dispute resolution : aussergerichtliche Online-Streitbeilegung für Verbraucherkonflikte im E-commerce /." Lohmar : Eul Verlag, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014696401&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Poon, Allen. "How to deploy online dispute resolution (ODR) in Hong Kong." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21847708a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>"Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Cai, Weiping. "Online dispute resolution in Hong Kong the current practices and future developments /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843016a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>"A dissertation submitted to School of Law, City University of Hong Kong for degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Aronsson, Martin. "Tvistlösning online vid konsumenttvister." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228648.
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Haloush, Haitham. "Online alternative dispute resolution a solution to cross-border electronic commercial disputes." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991386973/04.
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Papiri, Foteini. "Cross-border intellectual property disuputes arising online : towards a new dispute resolution model?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446381.
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Halous, Haitham A. "Online alternative dispute resolution as a solution to cross-border electronic commercial disputes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1394/.
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Electronic commerce is important,and perhaps,inevitable. Thus to consider the legal implications of the growth and development of electronic commerce is essential.However, the lack of suitable dispute resolution mechanisms in cyberspace will constitute a serious obstacle to the further development of electronic commerce. Bearing this in mind, this thesis argues that when Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) moves to cyberspace particularly arbitration and mediation as the main types of ADR, the form of online alternative dispute resolution (OADR) can maximise the growth of e-commerce. However, in analysing OADR, one must contemplate primarily the value of fair process which OADR solutions are subject to, and the value of efficiency which OADR solutions are seen to achieve. From this perspective, a big challenge for traditional dispute resolution processes such as ADR, will be to adapt to the internet and capitalise on the new possibilities it presents. Another big challenge will be to maintain the integrity and meaning of dispute resolution processes as they move online. But perhaps the greatest challenge will be to design an Online Alternative Dispute Resolutions system which represents an effort at balancing,on the one hand, the need to provide effective mechanisms that increase access to justice, without which there seems little point in introducing the system, and, on the other hand,the need to provide just and fair administration of OADR processes without which the OADR outcome(s) will be cast in doubt. This thesis concludes that OADR is a valid proposition and perhaps the preferred system for resolving disputes that inevitably arise in e-commerce, particularly, B-to-C internet transactions disputes and domain names disputes. This is due to the fact that OADR protects internet users' interests while not harming the interest of the Information Technology (IT) industry and, most importantly, not hindering the flourishing of electronic commerce. That said, a number of legal and technical issues need to be addressed if there is to be a swift and successful deployment of OADR mechanisms in a cross-border environment.Legal issues do not constitute insurmountable obstacles to a successful operation of such schemes, but some uncertainties remain due to technological limitations. Indeed the growth of OADR is tied to the development of technology. The challenge faced by online arbitration lies more in the realm of law than technology, while the challenge faced by online mediation lies more in the realm of technology than law. This is due to the less stringent legal requirements and the crucial role of the communication process in conducting mediation. As a result, as online arbitration is faced with many legal issues, and, as online mediation requires complex and sophisticated communication schemes which are difficult and expensive to set up presently, given time, OADR will be within the ambit of legally and technically possible in the near future.
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Sharma, Rajeev S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Architecture for a territorial dispute resolution system : a systems approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42378.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-139).<br>Introduction: A great part of the world today is engaged in excruciating conflicts that threaten the afflicted regions locally besides holding global peace to ransom. Most of these conflicts take the form of territorial disputes that are often protracted and sap the energies out of the nation states. Kashmir, Sudan, Israel-Palestine and Sri-Lanka today are embroiled in a bitter dispute embittered by relentless bloodshed and deep-rooted animosity carried forward through generations. The disputed regions in themselves are a mute testimony of the abject neglect of its subjects by the central ruling body (could be a democratic government! a dictator or a monarch) and failure to provide some of the important political goods across the board for a long period of time. When weighed against some of the accepted norms of development indices like the GINI index, GDP, GDP per capita, infant mortality rates, HDI index, TI index, etc one would see that the disputed regions perform quite pathetically across most of the metrics and not without a reason. Nation states exist to provide political goods to people (Ref 1). However, quite unabashedly nation-states continue its tirade against each other over a piece of land pumping huge sums of public assets that could otherwise be diverted towards development efforts depressing benefits in both the disputed territory and on the whole. Territoriality is dogma that invokes strong reactions. As per Zartman (Ref 2) a state's territory is a collective good that is equally shared by the citizens of the state. This means that the territory is indivisible and is available in the same proportion to all the citizens. It is considered to be one of the three basic components--together with people and a government--which endow a state with a sovereign moral personality universally recognized by the law and the community of nations. Till the time the territoriality is perceived as a collective good, there is no room for territorial claims to erupt. They however occur when the "national territory"--or, what the state's authorities suppose to be the "national territory"--is no longer perceived as a common good by a concerned group of citizens and becomes a "need" for this specific group. Territorial claims are about the desacralization of this territorial absoluteness. They represent iconoclastic uprisings from "politically active communal groups" determined to question the absolutely sacred dogma of the state's territorial integrity. Thus fundamentally a territorial dispute is a process of deconstruction and de-institutionalization of the nation state's order and boundaries. The focus of this thesis is to understand the epistemology of a territorial dispute and develop a framework for creating a more effective conflict resolution design. This by no means is aimed at churning out a cook book kind of a recipe to solve all the territorial disputes that afflict the world. On the contrary, this work makes an attempt to trace the path as we move from a dispute system to a resolution system by understanding the underlYing architecture. It is in fact akin to taking a step backwards and revisiting the delicate theme of territorial disputes by dissecting it deeper to peel off the layers that wrap the core problem. We use the principles of systems thinking and system architecture in understanding the intrinsic nature of a territorial dispute by treating it as a system operating in a given environment. The systems thinking paradigm allows us to view the problem in an unbiased and objective manner without getting fixated on a particular solution or a problem area. It attempts to view the conflict holistically and tries to lay threadbare the embedded structural units in the system by decomposing it into its lowest entity. The objectivity that would (in all likelihood) emerge from such an exercise may provide plausible steps to architect a resolution system design template or at least strengthen the intuitive logic of the negotiators and mediators as they grapple with the specter of a territorial dispute. In taking this view on the issue, it is indeed quite well understood that architecture of systems that are laced with social and political processes is tedious as they are highly complex and non-linear in their response. The complexity stems from the deep crosscoupling between the social, political and economic processes and the non- linearity arises out of the fact that each input in a particular realm does not necessarily elicit a proportional response. There are strong causal feedback loops that make the system response counter-intuitive too. It is beyond doubt, a sizeable challenge for a resolution system architect to pick up the gauntlet and create a simple yet creative architecture that would form the vertebral column for the design of a robust resolution system. To be able to do so one needs to clearly understand the rudiments of Systems Architecture and International Relations so as to weave a concept together.<br>by Rajeev Sharma.<br>S.M.
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Shiu, Lawrence Mateo. "Can arbitration resolve disputes arising from online activity? online auctions and other related activities /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454325a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.<br>"Submitted to School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 1, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Leung, Nga Yee Ruth. "The adoption of dispute resolution advisor system for preventing and resolving dispute in Hong Kong construction industry." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454271a.pdf.
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Suquet, Capdevila Josep. "Online Consumer Mediation in Catalonia: Regulatory Principles and Technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120548.
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Aquesta tesi presenta la mediació de consum online a Catalunya des d’una vessant legal i tecnològica. Per un costat, des del prisma dels Mitjans de Resolució de Disputes en línea (Online Dispute Resolution, ODR) analitza quines tecnologies poden recolzar els processos de mediació i quins mecanismes d’ODR s’utilitzen. Així mateix, presenta alguns reptes de la regulació dels ODR i la mediació en línea. Per un altre costat, aquesta tesi estudia la mediació com a mitjà de resolució de controvèrsies entre consumidors i empresaris. En la tesi s’efectua una recerca empírica i legal de la mediació de consum que mostra quins proveïdors ofereixen actualment serveis de mediació, així com les parts de la mediació i els seus processos. A continuació, aquesta tesi analitza els principis reguladors de la mediació en línea de consum a Catalunya. Analitza els principis continguts en el Codi de Consum de Catalunya i valora la possible inclusió d’altres principis que poden arribar a ser reconeguts per la futura normativa Europea en matèria dels ADR/ODR. Tanmateix, analitza altres principis relatius a les comunicacions electròniques. D’altra banda, aquesta tesi pren en consideració el paper que les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació (TICs) poden portar a terme per tal de contribuir a superar la manca de coneixement dels mitjans d’ADR/ODR així com dels organismes que ofereixen aquests serveis. Per això, a partir d’una aproximació legal de les polítiques de capacitació dels consumidors i de la propera normativa europea sobre ADR/ODR, aquesta tesi proposa un marc contextual i una aplicació mòbil bàsica i simple que pot contribuir a capacitar els consumidors i apropar-los a la justícia, oferint informació sobre les entitats de mediació de consum i de la legislació de consum a Catalunya.<br>Esta tesis presenta la mediación de consumo online en Cataluña, desde una vertiente doblemente legal y tecnológica. Por un lado, analiza las tecnologías que pueden apoyar los procesos de mediación así como aquellos mecanismos de resolución de disputas en línea (ODR) que se utilizan. Asimismo, presenta algunos retos de la regulación de los ODR y la mediación en línea. Por otro lado, analiza la mediación en las controversias entre consumidores y empresarios desde un prisma empírico y legal y analiza qué proveedores ofrecen actualmente servicios de mediación de consumo, cuáles son las partes y cómo se desarrollan los procesos. A continuación, esta tesis analiza los principios reguladores de la mediación en línea de consumo. A partir de la sucinta regulación del Código de Consumo de Cataluña, valora la posible inclusión de otros principios que pueden llegar a ser reconocidos por la legislación europea en el ámbito de los ADR/ODR. Además, analiza otros principios derivados de las comunicaciones electrónicas. Finalmente, esta tesis toma en consideración el papel que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) pueden llevar a cabo para contribuir a superar la falta de conocimiento de mecanismos y entidades de ADR/ODR. Por ello, más allá de las políticas de capacitación de los consumidores, esta tesis ofrece un marco contextual y una aplicación móvil, básica y simple que puede contribuir a capacitar a los consumidores y acercarlos a la justicia, ofreciendo información sobre las entidades de mediación de consumo y la legislación de consumo aplicable en Cataluña.<br>This thesis presents online consumer mediation in Catalonia from both a legal and technological perspective. On the one hand, it takes into account the technologies that may support online mediation and explores the ODR mechanisms that are currently being employed. Moreover, it presents some challenges that face the regulation of both ODR and online mediation. On the other hand, it shows both an empirical and legal study of consumer mediation and it uncovers what entities currently do provide consumer mediation services. It also situates the parties and the process. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the regulatory principles of online consumer mediation in Catalonia. From the succinct regulation of the Consumer Code in Catalonia, it analyses other principles that may be enshrined in the near future by European instruments of ADR/ODR, and it takes into account principles of electronic communications. The thesis also considers that ICT may contribute to overcoming the lack of consumer awareness of ADR/ODR mechanisms and bodies. Further to a legislative approach of consumer empowerment and ADR/ODR, it proposes a contextual framework and a basic and simple mobile application that may empower consumers and bring them closer to justice by offering information about consumer mediation entities and consumer legislation in Catalonia.
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Kwong, John Ka Sing. "Conflict avoidance and dispute resolution methods for public works contracts and the adoption of dispute resolution advisor system and adjudication in Hong Kong." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833659a.pdf.
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Heetkamp, Simon Johannes [Verfasser]. "Online Dispute Resolution bei grenzüberschreitenden Verbraucherverträgen : Europäisches und globales Regelungsmodell im Vergleich / Simon Johannes Heetkamp." Göttingen : V&R Unipress, 2017. http://www.v-r.de/.
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Cheung, Lin Yung Carol. "Alternative dispute resolution mechanism and the ombudsman system in Hong Kong an evaluation /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22445900a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.<br>"A dissertation submitted to the School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Musukubili, Felix. "A comparison of the South African and Namibian labour dispute resolution system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1040.
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The dynamic social and economic conditions in Namibia warranted a periodic review of labour legislation. Given these needs, uhe then Ministry of Labour, undertook a project in 1998, to assess the effectiveness of the first post kndependence Labour Act, 1992 (Act No 6 of 1992) a trirartite task force was established which recommended the amendment of the 1992 Act. This led to the enactment of the Labour Act, 2004 which introduced a new system of dispute prevention and resolution. However, the 2004 Act could not be put into effect in its entirety, because of its technical flaws and the fact that the Namibian Employers Federation (NEF) took issue with some of the provisions of the Act, such as leave provisions. In 2005, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare with its social partners undertook a complete technical review of the entire 2004 Act. As a result, In 2007, the new Labour Bill 2007 was tabled in Parliament, which eventually adopted it as the Labour Act, 2007 (Act No 11 of 2007) which became operational on the 1st November 2008. The new Labour Act, 2007 (Act No 11 of 2007) brings in sweeping changes to the familiar terrain of labour law and industrial relations practice in Namibia. The new Act, has done aware with the District Labour Court system, in its place comes the Labour Commissioner. The rudimentary dispute- settlement mechanisms of the old (first ) Labour Act, 1992 ( Act No 6 of 1992) have made way for the more sophisticated, yet speedier and more economical system of alternative dispute resolution through arbitration and conciliation by the Labour Commissioner. The Labour Act, 2007, requires parties to the labour dispute to seek conciliation before either taking industrial action or seeking adjudicative solutions to the dispute. Not only does the Labour Act, establish or makes provision for the appointment of the Labour Commissioner to provide for dispute resolution, it also permits parties to establish their own process for dispute resolution through a private arbitration route. Faced with this daunting array of untested rules and institutions, I have approached the writing of this work with some trepidation. My aim is to provide a thoroughgoing commentary on the provisions relating to dispute resolution. In the absence of much authoritative interpretation, I had to rely heavily on past practices and foreign South African precedents to identify the construction that judges and arbitrators are likely to arrive at. The present treatise provides a, comprehensive and integrated commentary for all involvement in the resolution of labour disputes in Namibia; it further provides rules and procedures which govern statutory disputes resolution through the Labour Commissioner. I sincerely hope that this paper, will prove useful to all those involved in labour law and industrial relations practice, as well as to teachers and students of this subject.
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Guillou, Solen Anne. "What future for the WTO dispute settlement system? : the European perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30302.
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On the eve of the launch of the first round of multilateral negotiations within the framework of the new WTO system, the so-called Millennium Round---which may be officially opened by the Seattle Ministerial Conference on 30 November 1999---the review of the WTO dispute settlement system should deserve the attention of WTO Members as one of the most essential topics to be considered.<br>Within this context, this thesis raises the question whether the future developments of the WTO dispute settlement system could be influenced by the successful European model.<br>In an attempt to answer this question, this thesis first highlights the grounds on which the EC approach to the GATT dispute settlement system has changed so that the EC has finally become an active supporter for "judicialization" of the new system (Introductory Part). The impact of the new WTO dispute settlement system on the EC participation in its development is then analysed (Part I). Finally, the last part of this thesis focuses on the reasons of the EC success in order to conclude to its potential influence on the further developments of the WTO dispute settlement system (Part II).
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Martic, Dusko <1983>. "Dispute Resolution for Cloud Services: Access to Justice and Fairness in Cloud-Based Low-Value Online Services." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8261/1/MARTIC_DUSKO_tesi.pdf.
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The traditional concepts of practicing the law do not follow the pace of the development of the new technologies. Faced with inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the courts regulators are constantly looking into alternatives to increase access to justice and improve efficiency of the dispute resolution mechanisms. The EU has recently enacted ADR and ODR regulations for consumer cross-border disputes. At the same time, we have witnessed parallel attempts from several public bodies and international organisations to introduce the legal framework for the resolution disputes coming out of online transactions. These proposals are in principle focusing on e-commerce aspects of dealing with low-cost consumer/seller disputes. The development of cloud computing services, as a form of e-commerce last decade, raised new issues of applicable law, jurisdiction, access to justice, the legal nature of the disputes, consumer protection etc. To obtain cloud computing services users generally accept a predefined contract of adhesion, where the terms should be accepted on “as is” basis. Non-negotiable predefined terms often tend to be in favor of providers. This research answers do the currently available dispute resolution mechanisms provide adequate means to resolve cross-border low-value disputes between cloud providers and users, and if not, what legal measures can be taken to improve access to justice and fairness in this domain.
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Magezi, Tom Samuel. "The WTO dispute settlement system and African countries :a prolonged slumber?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis seeks to investigate the lack of participation by African countries in the WTO Dispute Settlement System by first providing an overview of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) system and, secondly by explaining the reasons that forestall the participation of African countries.
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Sousa, Samara de Almeida Cabral Pinheiro. "Online dispute resolution : o uso das novas tecnologias na resolução de conflitos na comarca de Juazeiro do Norte." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2017. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/104308.
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-24<br>In a context of dissatisfaction with the slowness of Brazilian Justice, the Judiciary needs to review how it executes its processes, seeking the use of tools to achieve more efficient results, and an alternative adopted is the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). This new tool is a way to resolve conflicts via the internet. This dissertation aims to analyze the impacts of the imple-mentation of this model in the third civil court of Juazeiro do Norte. The research methodology used was of a qualitative nature, with multiple case studies, using a semi-structured interview as the main instrument for data collection and the technique of content analysis for interview analysis. The eConciliar platform was used for the pilot project. The main result of this study is that the use of this platform generated agility to comply with art. 334 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that the parties shall be offered an attempt to reach agreement before the initial order of the case by the judge. It was also observed that it helped to disseminate the culture of mediation, a priority public policy of the Judiciary, among lawyers and parties, be-sides proposing a virtual innovation for an environment still with the traditional physical pro-cesses. Another finding was that the use of a virtual negotiation platform in place of face-to-face audiences could provide a reduction in the costs of a physical and personal structure for the Judiciary if the practice were to become routine. Regarding the impacts on structure and management (implementation, processes, people and change), the main considerations are: im-plementation difficulties were mainly related to planning aspects of this stage; The implemen-tation of change in participants' traditional culture, the cost of using the platform and data se-curity; The tendency is to seek an agreement between the Judiciary and ODR platforms to re-duce the mishaps faced.<br>Em um contexto de insatisfação com a morosidade da Justiça brasileira, o Poder judiciário necessita revisar a forma como executa seus processos, buscando o uso de ferramentas para atingir resultados mais eficientes. Nesse cenário, uma alternativa adotada é a "Online Dispute Resolution" (ODR), modalidade de resolução de conflitos por meio da internet. A presente dis-sertação tem o objetivo de analisar os impactos da implementação da ODR na 3ª vara cível de Juazeiro do Norte. Para tal fim, a metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, com estudo de casos múltiplos, utilizando-se de entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento principal de coleta de dados, além da técnica de análise de conteúdo para análise das entrevistas. Foi usada a plataforma eConciliar para o projeto piloto. Como resultado principal deste estudo tem-se que o uso dessa plataforma gerou agilidade para o cumprimento do art. 334 do Código de Processo Civil, o qual determina que seja oportunizada às partes uma tentativa de acordo antes do despacho inicial do processo pelo juiz. Observou-se também que ajudou a disseminar a cultura da mediação, política pública prioritária do Poder Judiciário, entre os advogados e partes, além de propor uma inovação virtual para um ambiente ainda com os tradicionais pro-cessos físicos. Outro dado apurado foi que a utilização de uma plataforma de negociação virtual no lugar das audiências presenciais pode proporcionar uma diminuição dos custos com estrutura física e pessoal para o Poder Judiciário, caso a prática se torne rotina. Em relação aos impactos quanto à estrutura e gestão (da implementação, de processos, de pessoas e da mudança), tem-se como principais considerações; as dificuldades de implementação residiram principalmente nos aspectos vinculados ao planejamento dessa etapa; a implementação de mudança na cultura tradicional dos participantes, o custo da utilização da plataforma e a segurança dos dados; a tendência é de buscar realizar um convênio entre o Poder Judiciário e plataformas de ODR para diminuir os percalços enfrentados.
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Chan, Bernard Kar Hoi. "Partnering and dispute advisor board system in Hong Kong construction industry (for a brighter future)." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22445857a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>"Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW 6409 dissertation." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Dickson-Gilmore, Elizabeth Jane. "Resurrecting the peace : separate justice and the invention of legal tradition in the Kahnawake Mohawk Nation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1435/.
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The intensification of Canadian amerindian self-determination movements, combined with the recent publication of a series of government reports detailing the mistreatment of amerindians in the Canadian criminal legal system, has placed the creation of separate, amerindian criminal legal systems at the centre of many self-determination campaigns. As alternatives to involvement in the Canadian legal system, many of these proposed alternative structures purport to embody a return to traditional modes of dispute resolution which are offered as both rationale and blueprint for their modern counterparts. Focusing upon proposals for a separate, traditional legal system offered by two groups within the Kahnawake Mohawk Nation of Quebec, the dissertation juxtaposes these proposals with the traditions of dispute resolution extant in the period of initial contact between Iroquois and European. The early traditional lifestyle of the Kahnawake Mohawks is examined, as is the chronicle of contact and acculturation which eroded their original traditional structures. Replete with gaps, the documented history and "legal traditions" of these Mohawks are revealed to differ significantly from those histories postulated by the competing factions, each of which adopts a history which reinforces both its own position on "legal traditions" and in the proposed "post-internal colonial" context. To the degree that these histories and the "traditions" they legitimate and empower are consciously manufactured, their legitmacy in the eyes of Kahnawake people and the Canadian state is diminished. Concentrating upon what appears to be a consciously manufactured, rather than genuine, link between the "old" and "new" traditions, the proposed traditional legal systems are examined through Hobsbawm's theory of the invention of tradition. This examination leads to the conclusion that, while these "traditional systems" and their supporting histories do contain some invented elements and may thus be criticised as invented rather than genuine, such invention need not constitute a fatal compromise to the integrity of the modern traditional legal form nor to the self-determination aspirations of their proponents.
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Musukubili, Felix Zingolo. "Towards an efficient Namibian labour dispute resolution system : compliance with international labour standards and a comparison with the South African system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018942.
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The thesis examines the Namibian labour dispute resolution system by undertaking a comparative analysis of South African and international labour standards. It describes the legal provisions that exist for the effective and efficient resolution of labour disputes through an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) system, which is given recognition in national labour legislation, and in a number of international labour standards and regional labour instruments. It argues for the provision of a proactive and expeditious dispute resolution system that helps to resolve labour disputes in the most effective and efficient manner, without necessarily having to resort to the courts. The study examines the provisions of relevant international labour standards on labour dispute resolution to ascertain their adequacy as part frameworks that apply to Namibia and South Africa’s obligation to provide ADR systems that respond to the needs of the labour relations community. It is argued that ratifying particular ILO conventions creates obligations to comply with their provisions, and to apply them in national legislation and in practice. It is further argued that by having ratified those international labour standards that provide for ADR, Namibia assumes specific obligations under international law, enjoining the country to provide the required ADR system of conciliation and arbitration, which is credible and trusted by disputants and the general public. A comparative approach is adopted, which relies on primary and secondary sources of data, thereby undertaking an in-depth content analysis. The focus of the comparison is on whether the South African ADR system can inform Namibia’s application of its newly adopted ADR system. South Africa has a labour dispute resolution system that has influenced Namibian labour law, prompting Namibia to borrow its ADR system from South Africa’s advanced Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA). In this sense, it is submitted that there are fundamental similarities and differences in the two respective systems. Ideally, disputes should be resolved at conciliation level, resulting in the minority of disputes being referred to arbitration or the Labour Court. In terms of implementation, it is argued that despite the international obligation and commitment to provide and make available free and expeditious ADR services, there are gaps that exist between the legal framework regulating the ADR system and the application thereof in practice, making the attainment of effective and efficient labour dispute resolution difficult. Disputes should be resolved as quickly and informally as possible, with little or no procedural technicalities, and without allowing them to drag on indefinitely, offering immediate solutions instead. This is far from the reality of the situation. In contrast, the study found that although the Labour Act, 2007 and the South African Labour Relations Act (LRA) have brought statutory dispute resolution within the reach of the ordinary worker, these Acts may have compounded the problems relating to dispute resolution in the respective countries. The statutes in question have created sophisticated systems of dispute resolution in which most role players are seen as failing to operate as a result of the complex and technical processes of dealing with disputes. For this reason, the author proposes several remedial interventions that look to the future and the continued provision of fast, effective and user-friendly ADR services. Solving these problems and making effective and efficient labour dispute resolution a reality calls for renewed commitment from government and social partners and investment in appropriate human and financial resources. This requires a strong political will as well as concerted efforts from all role players in the labour relations community in the two respective countries.
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Law, Shu Chun. "What can we do to improve and reform the dispute resolution system in our community?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833726a.pdf.
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Lekkas, Zissis. "Disputes in the Digital era : the evolution of dispute resolution and the model ODR system." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10017/document.
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Le sujet de la thèse est la résolution en ligne des litiges (ODR) et l'objectif de la thèse est de proposer un modèle de système ODR basé sur l'expérience du mouvement de résolution des différends. ODR n’est pas un phénomène isolé de ces derniers temps, mais en raison de l'évolution des conflits et la résolution des différends. Initialement, les différends survenus entre les parties à la proximité géographique et pour laquelle les tribunaux traditionnels sont le principal moyen de résolution. Cependant, comme les gens ont commencé à voyager de plus grandes distances et de communiquer de loin, les conflits ont évolué comme ils ont augmenté en nombre, sont devenus frontière plus complexe et de plus en plus transversale. Résolution des différends évolués en règlement des différends parallèle et alternatif (ADR) a été utilisée. Cependant, les conflits ont évolué une fois de plus quand le monde est entré dans l'ère numérique. Non seulement les conflits sont devenus encore plus transfrontalier, mais de nouveaux conflits sont apparus qui proviennent exclusivement dans le cyberespace. Afin de satisfaire aux exigences de l'ère numérique, la résolution des différends fit sortir le concept de l'ODR. ODR est née de la combinaison de l'ADR et de la technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC) de l'ère numérique. D'autres moyens de règlement des différends ont été transférés dans le monde virtuel et ont donné naissance à la résolution des litiges en ligne. ADR et ODR sont examinés largement, et l'examen comprend leurs concepts, leur origine, les principales formes de négociation, de médiation et d'arbitrage et leurs équivalents en ligne, ainsi que leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. La thèse illustre l'évolution des conflits et la résolution des différends de l'ère analogique, lorsque la résolution des différends était face à face, à l'ère du numérique, lorsque les différends sont réglés dans le cyberespace. Il démontre que l'ODR est une nécessité de l'ère numérique, mais aussi qu'il a le potentiel pour être un moyen révolutionnaire, efficace et réussi à résoudre les différends; d'une manière qui sera l'avenir de la résolution des différends. Sur la base de l'expérience accumulée par l'examen de l'évolution de la résolution des différends et sur ? Lla base des conclusions tirées, la thèse formule une proposition pour le système ODR. La thèse décrit le système ODR, de son processus en trois étapes et la nécessité de l'arbitrage en ligne, sur le réseau ODR, la régulation du système ODR, l'architecture technologique des fournisseurs ODR, leur financement, ainsi que les mesures nécessaires de la sensibilisation et la confiance afin que ODR remplit son plein potentiel<br>The subject of the thesis is Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and the aim of the thesis is to propose a model ODR system based on the experience of the dispute resolution movement. ODR is not an isolated phenomenon of recent times but a result of the evolution of disputes and dispute resolution. Initially, disputes occurred between parties with geographical proximity and for which traditional courts were the principal way of resolution. However, as people started to travel further distances and communicate from afar, disputes evolved as they increased in number, became more complex and increasingly cross border. Dispute resolution evolved in parallel and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) was employed. However, disputes evolved once more when the world entered into the digital era. Not only disputes became yet again increasingly cross-border, but new disputes appeared that arose solely in cyberspace. In order to satisfy the requirements of the digital era, dispute resolution brought forth the concept of ODR. ODR arose from the combination of ADR and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of the digital era. Alternative means of dispute resolution were transferred to the virtual world and gave birth to Online Dispute Resolution. ADR and ODR are examined extensively, and the examination includes their concepts, their origin, the main forms of negotiation, mediation and arbitration and their online equivalents, as well as their advantages and drawbacks.The thesis illustrates the evolution of disputes and dispute resolution from the “analog” era, when dispute resolution was face to face, to the “digital” era, when disputes are resolved in cyberspace. It demonstrates that ODR is a necessity of the digital era but also that it has the potential to be a revolutionary, effective and successful way to resolve disputes; a way that will be the future of dispute resolution. Based on the experience accumulated by examining the evolution of dispute resolution and based on the conclusions drawn, the thesis formulates a proposal for the ODR system. The thesis describes the ODR system, from its three step process and the necessity of online arbitration, to the ODR network, the regulation of the ODR system, the technological architecture of ODR providers, their funding, as well as the necessary steps of creating awareness and trust so that ODR fulfils its fullest potential
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Lima, Gabriela Vasconcelos. "Adoção de soluções em Online Dispute Resolution como política pública para o Poder Judiciário: um panorama da situação brasileira." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2016. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/99805.
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-19<br>The Constitutional Amendment 45/2004 held several changes in the Justice System. The
National Council of Justice (CNJ) was one of the main changes. CNJ created and
implemented a series of relevant public policy with the goal of improving the provision of judicial services. One of those policies was the National Judicial Policy for the Appropriate Treatment of Conflicts, which aims to encourage the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). To regulate the implementation of this policy, the New Code of Civil Procedure and Mediation Law were created. These laws have brought, among their innovations, the provision of the use of ADR in virtual environment. This also confirmed the Judiciary virtualization policy. The procedure which promotes the achievement of ADR via internet is called online dispute resolution (ODR). From this context, the following questions arise:
What is the role of CNJ? What is the importance and potential of ADR and ODR to improve
judicial assistance? At what stage of development is its implementation? Thinking about those questions, the general objective of this work was drawn: understanding to what extent the ODR has been institutionalized in Brazil. From this, some specific objectives were also drawn: learning what the real obstacles faced by the judiciary are and what kind of reform was created to overcome them; explaining how what kind of public policies were designed to encourage the use of ADR; analyzing the concept of ODR, its potential for conflict resolution and the challenges of its implementation; finally understanding how the institutionalization of ODR in Brazil happened and at what time of its implementation the country is, through the case study of some platforms already developed and adopted by the judicial bodies. To achieve the objectives, there was documentary and bibliographical research, and survey data, for descriptive and exploratory purposes. The dissertation was divided thereby into four
sections. The first aims to analyze the role of the CNJ as a maker of public policies for the judiciary. The second section studies the Judicial National Policy for Appropriate Treatment of Conflict. The third section establishes theoretical basis for ODR. The fourth section, presents an overview of adoption of ODR platforms in the country. From this analysis, one can conclude that the ODR platforms created by the judiciary bodies still have a long way to go in order to build it more accessible to the user software. CNJ also needs to make strong partnerships with the so-called big litigators in order to encourage the adoption of these platforms as standard pre-trial procedure. In addition, it is necessary that the platforms have expanded their range of procedures, with the possibility for the involvement of an impartial third party to assist in communication between the parties. Moreover, despite the persistent
need for adjustments and developments, these platforms illustrate the institutional desire to evolve the way of a justice system founded on the peaceful settlement of conflicts and dialogue.
Keywords: Online Dispute Resolution. Alternative Dispute Resolution. Justice System.
Public Policies.<br>A partir da Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004, diversas alterações no Sistema de Justiça
foram realizadas. Dentre elas, estava a criação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). O CNJ criou e implementou uma série políticas públicas relevantes visando o aprimoramento da prestação dos serviços judiciários. Destaca-se a Política Judiciária Nacional de Tratamento Adequado dos Conflitos, que objetiva incentivar a utilização dos Métodos Adequados de Solução de Conflitos (MASCs). Para regulamentar a implementação desta política, o Novo Código de Processo Civil e a Lei de Mediação foram criados. Estas leis trouxeram, dentre suas inovações, a previsão de realização dos MASCs em meio virtual, de forma a confirmar também a política de virtualização do Judiciário. O procedimento via internet pelo qual se promove a realização dos MASCs é chamado de online dispute resolution (ODR). Diante deste cenário, questiona-se: Qual a função do CNJ como parte deste Sistema? Qual a importância e o potencial dos MASCs e das ODR para que se aprimore a prestação jurisdicional? Em que grau de evolução se encontra sua implementação? Diante destes questionamentos, traçou-se o objetivo geral de entender em que medida as ODR já foram institucionalizadas no Brasil. Enquanto objetivos específicos espera-se: Aferir os obstáculos reais enfrentados pelo Poder Judiciário para a adequada prestação jurisdicional e que tipo de reforma foi engendrada para superá-los; explicar de que forma se desenvolveram as políticas públicas de incentivo à adoção dos MASCs; analisar o conceito de ODR, seu potencial de solução de conflitos e os desafios inerentes à sua implementação; por fim, entender como se deu a institucionalização das ODR no Brasil e em que momento de sua implantação o país se encontra, por meio do estudo de caso de algumas plataformas já desenvolvidas e adotadas por órgãos do Judiciário. Para alcançar os objetivos, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de levantamento de dados, com fins descritivos e exploratórios. A dissertação se dividiu, assim, em quatro seções. A primeira objetiva analisar o papel do CNJ enquanto formulador de políticas públicas para o Poder Judiciário. A segunda seção estuda a Política Nacional Judiciária para Tratamento Adequado dos Conflitos. A terceira seção estabelece embasamento teórico acerca das ODR, a fim de sustentar o estudo concreto realizado na quarta seção, na qual se traça um panorama da adoção de plataformas de ODR no país. Desta análise, concluiu-se que as plataformas de ODR criadas pelos órgãos do Poder Judiciário ainda têm um longo caminho a trilhar, no sentido de construí-la de forma mais acessível ao usuário. Faz-se necessária muita publicidade para que essas plataformas passem a ser de amplo conhecimento da sociedade. É necessário, ainda, que se firme parcerias
concretas com os chamados grandes litigantes, de forma a incentivar a adoção destas
plataformas como procedimento pré-processual padrão. Além disso, faz-se necessário que as
plataformas tenham seu leque de procedimentos ampliado, contando com a possibilidade de
participação de um terceiro imparcial que possa auxiliar na comunicação entre as partes e na solução consensual do conflito. Ademais, apesar de ainda precisarem passar por muitos ajustes e evolução, estas plataformas ilustram o desejo institucional de evoluir no caminho de um Sistema de Justiça pautado na solução pacífica dos conflitos e no diálogo.
Palavras-chave: Online Dispute Resolution. Métodos Adequados de Solução de Conflitos.
Poder Judiciário. Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Políticas Públicas.
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Baratta, Tiziana. "Fornitura di servizi informatici alle imprese e outsourcing." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2365.
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2014 - 2015<br>The contracts for delivery of IT services to businesses and, in particular, the outsourcing IT, are highly complex negotiation figures by which the outsourcee rely on other companies the information technology management, to focus its activities on the core business. The outsourcing contracts are medium or long-term contracts, so we have to assess how the speed of the development of technology affect the contract and if the originally agreed services may be modified. We have examined the main theories about contigent and we have concluded that it is necessary to include a renegotiation clause. Then we have examined the breach of the contract, both as regards the renegotiation clause, and as regards the failure of the Service Level Agreement. In the event of serious breaches there is a dispute between parties. With the aim of avoiding long-drawn-out procedures, we have examined the main Alternative dispute resolution instruments and the possibility to apply latest Online dispute resolution also to contracts between the companies. [edited by Author]<br>XIV n.s.
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Badiei, Farzaneh [Verfasser], and Anne van [Akademischer Betreuer] Aaken. "The Institutional Design of B2B Online Market Intermediaries’ Dispute Resolution: Its Promises and Pitfalls / Farzaneh Badiei ; Betreuer: Anne van Aaken." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124155449/34.
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Billings, Matthew J. "Conflict, conciliation and computer-mediated communication : using online dispute resolution to explain the impact of media properties on relational communication." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530159.
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Maclons, Whitney. "Mandatory court based mediation as an alternative dispute resolution process in the South African civil justice system." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4407.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>Civil litigation is the primary method of dispute resolution in the South African civil justice system. This process is characterised by a number of shortcomings which include the adversarial nature of the process which often creates further conflict between disputing parties and often results in permanently destroyed relationships between them. Further shortcomings include the highly complex, costly and time-consuming nature of civil litigation. These shortcomings infringe on the constitutional imperative of access to justice for South Africans, particularly for the indigent members of society. In addition, court rolls have become overburdened due to the rapidly increasing volume of litigation at court. This often results in extensive waiting periods before matters are heard at court and further infringes the attainment of access to justice. While progress has been made in enhancing the civil justice system over the years, the aforementioned shortcomings prevail. In recent years the South African government has introduced the concept of mandatory court based mediation to the civil justice system with the view of promoting access to justice and enhancing the civil justice system. In a nutshell, mandatory court based mediation refers a civil dispute to mediation once an appearance to defend is entered at court, in order to attempt the settlement of the matter. In the event of the dispute not being resolved, the matter is then referred back to the conventional litigation process for resolution. Mandatory court based mediation, while controversial and bearing valid criticism; aims to promote access to justice and reconciliation between aggrieved parties and remedies a number of the shortcomings currently plaguing the South African civil justice system. In answering the research question of whether this ADR process is suitable to implement in South Africa in order to remedy the shortcomings of its civil justice system, the following aspects are considered in this thesis: the benefits, advantages, and the constitutionality of mandatory court based mediation, as well as the criticisms and challenges of the process. South Africa may have an adversarial civil justice system, but is no stranger to the practice of mediation. Within South African civil law a number of fields have mentioned mediation as
the preferred method of dispute resolution over years. These areas of law will be highlighted in this thesis. Internationally, the jurisdiction of the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria will also be highlighted. This analysis is done in order to assess the implementation and function of a mediation system, as a preferred method of dispute resolution, across all areas of civil law within an adversarial civil justice system. The current civil justice system in South Africa needs to be remedied due to its negative impact on civil disputants and the nation of South Africa in a broader sense. This thesis does not suggest that mandatory court based mediation is a panacea for all ills plaguing the country’s civil justice system. However, this ADR process may suit South Africa and its implementation may make a considerable remedial contribution and possibly significantly enhance its civil justice system.
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Adams, Stewart L. Klass Patricia Harrington. "A study of the Illinois dispute resolution system of mediation since the enactment of Public Law 105-17." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3106755.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed October 19, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Patricia Klass (chair), Darryl Pifer, Barbara Fulk, Albert Azinger. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-216) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Костенко, З. В., Сергій Іванович Денисенко, Сергей Иванович Денисенко та Serhii Ivanovych Denysenko. "Переваги та недоліки впровадження онлайн арбітражу в Україні". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78938.
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Сьогодні Інтернет та коммунікаційні технології (ІКТ) розвиваються дуже стрімко, а
разом з тим зростає тенденція цифровізації економічної та правової сфери, що можна спостерігати у більшості країн. Це виражається у тому, що значно змінюються способи ведення бізнесу і спостерігається все більше використання електронних засобів замість паперових засобів зв’язку і зберігання даних. Звичайно, такий розвиток не оминув і систему правосуддя. У багатьох країнах ведуться постійні дискусії щодо необхідності та перспектив здійснення міжнародного арбітражу онлайн. Врегулюваннямспорів онлайн можна визнати засіб вирішення спору, який передбачає використання інтерактивних технологій для сприяння вирішенню розбіжностей між сторонами. Найчастіше виділяють три стадії вирішення спорів онлайн: проведення переговорів між сторонами (online-negotiation), медіація (online-mediation) і арбітраж (оnline-arbitration) [1, с. 258]. Як наголошується в Записці Секретаріату ЮНСІТРАЛ з питання про врегулювання суперечок в режимі онлайн від 13 жовтня 2010 р. концепція УСО має особливо важливе значення у врегулюванні суперечок, які пов’язані з численними угодами на незначні суми і які вимагають ефективних і доступних процедур вирішення спорів [2, с. 3].
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Majidi, Naz E. (Naz Emilie) 1979. "Evaluation framework of construction alternative dispute resolution methods through an integrated model of real options, probabilistic analysis and system dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85384.
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Shortall-Page, Lisa Claire. "Towards a modern role for the tort system in environmental law : can alternative dispute resolution processes improve access to environmental justice in the tort system?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368650.
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Lignelet, Brice-Joris. "Dématérialisation et procédure civile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD067.
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La dématérialisation des méthodes de traitement, de transmission et de conservation de l’information modifie substantiellement les rapports économiques et sociaux. Le domaine juridique n’aurait pu rester étranger à ce mouvement de fond. Le droit et la justice s’en trouvent bouleversés jusque dans leurs organisations, leurs méthodes et leurs métiers. L’adaptation du droit aux technologies numériques désormais acquise, les craintes et résistances liées à leur intégration dans le fonctionnement judiciaire surmontées ; la dématérialisation des actes du procès et leur communication électronique se généralisent. Une phase de maturation débute à présent, celle d’un retour au droit de la procédure civile et de l’appréciation que la jurisprudence fera de ces innovations technologiques. Il conviendra dès lors de veiller à ce que cette appropriation serve pleinement les intérêts des justiciables et de la justice<br>Paperless methods of data production, process and records management has substantially changed both the economic and social relationships. Therefore, French law and justice could not have ignored these technological evolution which is deeply impacting their own organisation, methods, and professions. The necessary adaptation by French law and Justice to digital technologies now acquired, and concerns or fears on their integration into the civil litigation process being overcome ; dematerialisation of procedural acts and their communication in electronic forms are generally used. Regarding this technological reality, attention needs henceforth to be directed towards the role of each relevant actor of the French E-justice to make sure that such proceedings allow a fair trial to any litigant
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Giunio-Zorkin, Deborah. "A framework for change, preliminary design of a dispute resolution system for the property casualty sector of the insurance industry of Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62015.pdf.
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Puasiri, Wanwipar. "The uniform dispute resolution policy : a comparative study of nominet, EU, ADR, US and UK legal system to find a proposal for an admendment." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1271.
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The Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) covers name disputes especially cases relating to conflicts between domain name registrants and trade mark owners. The UDRP has been used since 1999 until today without any major amendment, although a decade has passed and the numbers of domain name disputes have originally increased and today remain a sore policy and jurisprudential issue. The major problem of the UDRP is that it recognizes trade mark rights but panelists have extended its use to almost every type of disputes including geographical indications, personal names, and common words. Moreover, with the inconsistency of decisions, it is difficult for users to rely on the system as a self sufficient method of dispute resolution. The inconsistency of decisions leads to forum shopping and a shift in balance of justice. The thesis attempts to propose recommendations for an amendment of the UDRP by studying four legal systems of domain name dispute resolution. It begins with Nominet UK, the sole registrar of all .uk domain names. Then, it moves to the system of .eu Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) for all .eu domain names. It then moves to proper legal systems starting with the US. It concludes the analysis with a study of disputes in the English judicial system. The author hopes that the studies can bring together some credible suggestions for the amendment of UDRP.
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Ostia, Paulo Henrique Raiol. "Desenho do sistema de solução de conflito: sistemas indenizatórios em interesses individuais homogêneos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-11022015-081205/.
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Por mais que os cientistas separem e classifiquem os elementos da realidade para melhor compreendê-la, ele preserva a sua natureza complexa e multidisciplinar. O mesmo raciocínio pode ser aplicado aos conflitos. A sociedade de massa, por sua vez, potencializou o surgimento de conflitos complexos. As peculiaridades e os diferentes aspectos destas situações tornam improvável que sejam adequadamente tratados e solucionados por mecanismos genéricos. Considerando isso e em uma perspectiva de meios adequados de solução de conflito, o método do desenho de sistemas de solução de conflito (Dispute System Design DSD) propõe que sejam criados sistemas personalizados a partir de princípios e técnicas. Dessa forma, seriam dadas as respostas processuais aos diferentes aspectos do conflito. Com o intuito de analisar a aplicação dos princípios e técnicas do DSD à realidade, estudar-se-ão os casos da Câmara de Indenização Voo 3054 (CI3054) e do Programa de Indenização Voo 447 (PI447). Estes sistemas tinham como escopo solucionar os conflitos provenientes de acidentes aéreos que ocorreram em 2007 e 2009, com aeronaves das companhias TAM e Air France, respectivamente. Nas duas tragédias não houve sobreviventes.<br>Although the scientists separate and classify the elements of reality to understand it better, it preserves its complex and multidisciplinary nature. The same reasoning can be applied to conflicts. The mass society, in its turn, increased the emergence of complex conflicts. The peculiarity and the different aspects of these situations makes it unlikely to be adequately processed and solved by generic mechanisms. Considering this and the perspective of adequate conflict resolution, the Dispute System Design - DSD suggests that custom systems can be created from principles and technical. Therefore would be given the procedural responses to the different aspects of the conflict. In order to examine the application of the principles and techniques of DSD to reality, will be studied the cases of the Câmara de Indenização Voo 3054 (CI3054) and Programa de Indenização Voo 447 (PI447). These systems were scoped to resolve conflicts arising from plane crashes that occurred in 2007 and 2009, with TAM and Air France aircraft. In the two tragedies there were no survivors.
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Zabranská, Monika. "Ekonomická analýza činnosti soudců." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4448.
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The thesis deals with the problem of the monopoly structure of the modern justice system and the heavy regulation of most fields of dispute resolution. In this system, judges themselves comprise a self-interested group seeking relaxed regulation and increased rights from the government. The thesis describes inefficiencies and dangers stemming from the lack of market control of the modern justice system and suggests an alternative in the form of a private justice system. The purpose of this paper is to examine both the problem of successful implementation of competition into the current justice system, while describing various models as to how the private justice system could function without state control, with examples from history. This paper further examines the economic differences between private and public justice systems in terms of incentives, efficiency, the process of law creation, speed, and consumers' satisfaction, as well as the conditions under which different systems work best. The main conclusion of this paper is that society should allow all subjects desirous of opportunities to provide goods and services through new enterprises, even in areas currently the exclusive domain of the state, as doing so brings an increase in quality, speed of solution/service, and innovation.
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Asperti, Maria Cecília de Araujo. "Meios consensuais de resolução de disputas repetitivas: a conciliação, a mediação e os grandes litigantes do judiciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-27012015-163101/.
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Direito processual civil, Mediação e conciliação, Reforma judiciária<br>The proliferation of individual claims repeating factual and/or legal matters have inspired procedural reforms aimed at the standardization of judgments, the consolidation of precedents and the collectivization of individual claims and searching for effectiveness and legal certainty. Another important response to this repeated litigation is the promotion of consensual dispute resolution, especially conciliation and mediation in the courts. This research investigates how consensual mechanisms are used by courts to deal with repeated litigation and which are the practices and techniques specifically aimed at repeated disputes. The characteristic elements of these repeated disputes are the similarity of the factual and/or legal arguments, the representativeness of the volume of claims and the fact that one of the parties litigates in similar disputes more often, while the other in involved in such type of cases only occasionally. These repeat players are known as the great litigants of the Judiciary, and enjoy certain advantages in terms of bargaining power, resources and information in view of their size and the frequency with which they are involved with similar cases. An empirical research was carried out court programs in Brazil and the United States to study the perceptions of the actors involved in the design and operation these programas on the issues raised. It was found that repeated litigation is a crucial part of court conciliation and mediation programs, influencing the role of the main stakeholders (parties, lawyers and conciliators/mediators), screening and case management practices, access conditions, specific techniques and the role played the Judiciary, who shall also act as manager, designer and institutional mediator. It is concluded that the structure of these programs and the role of those involved can be key factors for an adequate treatment of repeated disputes in the judicial context.
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Costa, Fernanda Miguez. "A transnacionalidade do comércio eletrônico: uma análise dos desafios e logros no âmbito do Direito Internacional Privado." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8331.
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Ante a crescente utilização dos meios eletrônicos como forma de viabilizar o comércio de produtos e serviços além das fronteiras estatais o presente estudo tem como escopo identificar os desafios oriundos do embate entre a realidade cibernética e o direito internacional contemporâneo, pontuando, de forma crítica, as soluções descortinadas pela sociedade internacional. Isto porque as questões de direito internacional, já conflituosas no âmbito do comércio internacional tradicional, se mostram ainda mais subjetivas no peculiar ambiente virtual, em regra desmaterializado e a desterritorializado. Tais características e peculiaridades refletem na identificação da jurisdição e da lei aplicável no contrato eletrônico, nas soluções para o combate do cibercrime e na solução alternativa de conflitos, ademais de outros temas que foram possíveis de serem abordados neste estudo. Para tanto é proposto um exame das soluções até então desenvolvidas para a regularização e/ou padronização das condutas no âmbito do comércio internacional por via eletrônica, colacionando a normativa e a jurisprudência implementadas e/ou em desenvolvimento na área.<br>In view of the increasing on the usage of electronic media as a means to facilitate the trade of goods and services beyond the State borders, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges arising from the clash between the practices in the cyberspace and the contemporary law, showing in a critically way the solutions unveiled by international society. The international law issues, that are already conflictual before the traditional international trade, become even more subjective in particular virtual environment, dematerialized and deterritorialized. Such characteristics and peculiarities reflects in the identification of jurisdiction and applicable law, in the solutions to prevent the cybercrime and in the alternative dispute resolutions as well as other subjects that were likely to be addressed in this study. Therefore this study intends to examine the solutions developed so far in order to regularize and/or standardize the actions in the electronically international trade, presenting rules and case law implemented or in developing in the area.
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Donley, John Mauck. "COOPERATIVE CONSTRUCTION IN SCHOOLS IN CALIFORNIA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1332.
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Cooperative Construction in Schools in California
John M. Donley
The construction industry has lost efficiency since 1964, while becoming increasingly more litigious. Schools in California can ill afford the time to allow the construction industry time to fully evolve. It may take years or decades to fully improve the efficiency of, and reduce the conflict within the construction industry.
At the same time, the construction industry has developed new processes to improve efficiency and reduce conflict. These processes are beginning to be broadly embraced by the industry. They all contain cooperative elements. Taken together they represent a new organizing principle for the construction industry, cooperative construction.
Also concurrently, a previously little-used provision of the California Education Code allows schools freedom to contract for school construction in nearly any reasonable contractual arrangement they see fit for their project and district needs. As a result, school districts in California have developed a new system of project delivery. They are borrowing from here and there and inventing new tools to make projects work for them. Again, cooperative elements at the hearts of the processes.
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Alfadhli, Abdulaziz. "Does the alternative dispute resolution have a role to play in the construction industry in the State of Kuwait? : look into the most appropriate methodology that may be taken in Kuwait in comparison with what are available in the English legal system." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359283/.
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Spending almost two decades of experience with one of the largest oil and gas production company in the Middle East namely “Kuwait Oil Company” as a Team Leader and Senior Counsel for the Projects and Claims Team under Legal Affairs Department has undoubtedly inspired me the notion the essence of this thesis alongside with that sort of eagerness to research in quest for the knowledge which man has always and still run after but the least nevertheless only acquired! Before I join the company in late eighties, and on my graduation I found myself in cross roads, become a lecturer and embark on the academic career and satisfy my desire for research or fight my way in the legal profession as practitioner? I walked the second route in the hope of gaining the legal experience with the thought of grapping the research route in a later stage in which I now do enjoy and live. Working with KOC, I have been involved up to teeth in different areas of law since a project documents is governed and regulated not only by contract law but commercial law, companies law, patent law, labour law, construction law and tax law are also incorporated. The dispute resolution methods are addressed as well since local litigation is the main method and international adjudication, mediation and arbitration are exceptional but used and applied in particular on LSTK, EPC, EPF and Technical Service Agreements TSAs. Negotiation rounds which were entered with international oil companies on new projects and contracts gained me skills and exceptional knowledge in applying law and practice as well as sharing expertise not only in law function but in commercial and technical angles of the project bearing in mind the diversified expertise representing all aspects of business and the approaches followed to successfully accomplish a project. In the thesis, I’ve opted to deal with the elements of dispute resolution in the construction industry on the international scale and on the local or national level choosing State of Kuwait’s legal system and enhancing the research with the practical work experience in the Kuwait Oil Company extending seven chapters for this aim. I fully hope with my humble efforts exerted in this thesis that something valuable is added to the endless and depthless ocean of legal knowledge. In addition to the introductory section, the analysis of the thesis subject will be split into and developed through seven parts. Chapter one will define the construction contract, the field of the study subject, which will be followed by the mechanism of formation of the contract subject matter in chapter two. Then, the next four chapters, the means of the most common alternative dispute resolution; namely arbitration, adjudication, expert determination and mediation will be examined respectively. Chapter seven will mainly focus on the evaluation of the Kuwaiti national oil producer (Kuwait Oil Company “KOC”) as a case study and eventually will come up with the recommendations. Then, the mission of the thesis would reach the Conclusion being the final destination of its journey.
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Fau, Jean. "La régulation du conflit impliquant le nom de domaine : articulation des sources." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22017.
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Les noms de domaine sont des objets polymorphes, à la fois techniques et sémantiques. La question de leur régulation, avec l’essor du Domain Name System, est rapidement devenue un défi de taille pour le législateur. Face à une certaine défaillance du droit étatique s’est développé un véritable corpus supplétif de source privée. C’est notamment le cas des procédures extrajudiciaires de résolution des conflits mises en places par l’ICANN. Ces différents mécanismes de nature transnationale forment un ensemble cohérent, en constante évolution, que l’on peut qualifier de véritable lex domainia. Ce concept implique cependant une vision nécessairement pluraliste du droit - où cohabitent systèmes publics, privés et hybrides -, qui invite le juriste à repenser la théorie des sources. Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la nature et de l’articulation de ces différentes sphères normatives. Celles-ci ne doivent pas être considérées comme des espaces clos et hermétiques ; il existe entre eux des perméabilités qui dessinent un dispositif de régulation transnational aux sources plurielles. Il s’agit, selon l’auteur, d’une parfaite illustration de la théorie du réseau<br>Domain names are polymorphic objects, whose nature is both technical and semantic. The question of their regulation has quickly become, with the rapid growth of the Domain Name System, a major challenge for the lawmaker. A certain default of state law favored the development of what one might call a private supplementary corpus. This is notably the case for extrajudicial domain name dispute resolution mechanisms promoted by the ICANN. These various transnational mechanisms form a coherent whole, in constant evolution, which can be described as a real lex domainia. This concept, however, necessarily implies a pluralistic conception of law - where public, private and hybrid systems cohabit -, which invites legal theorists to rethink the sources theory. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the nature and the articulation of these various normative spheres. These should not be regarded as closed and hermetic spaces ; permeabilities exist between them, that draw a transnational regulation pattern with plural sources. This is, according to the author, a perfect illustration of the mesh theory
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Mascolo, Gil Tenile. "La place des droits de l'Homme dans le Mercosur à la lumière de l'expérience européenne : les enjeux au regard du système interaméricain de protection des droits de l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058852.
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Le Mercosur est une organisation d'intégration économique régionale regroupant l'Argentine, le Brésil, le Paraguay, l'Uruguay et le Venezuela. Ayant un but essentiellement économique à l'origine, son traité constitutif ne laissait prévoir aucun développement dans le sens d'une éventuelle préoccupation concernant la protection des droits de l'homme. Suite à la crise institutionnelle du début des années 2000, les États membres ont été obligés à repenser le format du groupe et ont privilégié un modèle qui diminuait l'approche économique au profit d'un Mercosur plus politique, mis en œuvre dans le Programme de Travail 2004-2006. À partir de ce moment, une architecture institutionnelle et normative s'est développée au sein du Mercosur sur une thématique plus politique et concernant aussi spécifiquement les droits de l'homme. La question qui se pose est donc de savoir à qui revient la compétence d'apprécier des questions de violations relatives aux droits de l'homme au sein du Mercosur : à un contrôle interne par les organes composant le système de résolution des différends du Mercosur ou à un contrôle externalisé par les organes du système interaméricain de protection des droits de l'homme ? La place des droits de l'homme dans le Mercosur à la lumière de l'expérience européenne est une étude sur les droits de l'homme dans le Mercosur sous un angle comparatiste avec le droit de l'Union européenne.