Relevant bibliographies by topics / Online referee

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Online referee'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Online referee"

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Suárez-Iglesias, David, Daniel González-Devesa, Carlos Ayán, Alberto Sánchez-Sixto, and Alejandro Vaquera. "Do you even exercise, ref? Exploring habits of Spanish basketball referees during practice and matches." PeerJ 12 (January 29, 2024): e16742. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16742.

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Background Basketball referees are a vital part of the organised competition system, although they remain an “outgroup” in sport. While physical development and fitness programming are deemed necessary for basketball officiating excellence, there is a paucity of literature exploring strategies for physical fitness management in this population. Methods This research was a nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey conducted in 2021. A sample of 628 (531 males, 97 females) referees from 18 regional referee organisations in Spain provided individual responses to gather information on demographic details, level of participation in refereeing, physical fitness practices, and match-day exercise-based regimens. The data were described using summary statistics, and the associations of the assessed variables were subsequently calculated using contingency tables. Results Our findings reveal that a large fraction of the Spanish basketball referee population focuses on aerobic (83%) and strength (73.6%) activities, while less attention is paid to speed (36.9%) and flexibility (23.2%), and agility, coordination, and balance tasks are somewhat overlooked. No significant differences were observed among the referee categories regarding weekly training days or session duration, with most training for 15–60 min per session. Elite referees were more likely to hire personal trainers and engage in strength and flexibility exercises. Sub-elite referees showed a higher tendency to perform stretching and joint mobility activities post-match, while regional referees did so less frequently. Approximately 30.7% of referees across all competitive levels engaged in re-warm-up (RW-U) activities, with stretching and joint mobility being the most prevalent. Conclusions Spanish basketball referees participate in routine physical exercise and fitness practices, irrespective of their competition level. While warm-up activities are prevalent, some sub-elite and regional referees do not consistently perform them, and re-warm-up routines are not extensively embraced.
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Hamsund, Tommy, and Nicolas Scelles. "Fans’ Perceptions towards Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in the English Premier League." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 12 (2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120573.

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The video assistant referee (VAR) in association football was developed to help on-field referees judge potentially game-changing decisions correctly by reviewing video evidence in real time. VAR was implemented by the English Premier League (EPL) ahead of the 2019/20 season. Despite its potential benefits, VAR also presents the risk of not being well perceived by fans. This article aims to investigate fans’ perceptions towards VAR in the EPL. Total of 1350 EPL fans from different age groups above 18 years old completed an online survey on their opinion of VAR and changes they felt would make VAR better. The majority of fans were happy for VAR to continue being used in the EPL, but expressed that changes need to be made in terms of how VAR is being used by on-field referees and to assess certain situations. All age groups were generally positive towards the idea of using technology in the EPL to support referee decisions and provide more information to in-stadium fans, but younger age groups showed significantly more positive perceptions than their older counterparts. Implications include advice for the EPL to make changes according to fans’ opinions and to develop frameworks for making changes with fans as stakeholders in mind.
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Joens, Alexander, Ananth A. Jillepalli, and Frederick T. Sheldon. "Trustworthy High-Performance Multiplayer Games with Trust-but-Verify Protocol Sensor Validation." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144737.

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Multiplayer online video games are a multibillion-dollar industry, to which widespread cheating presents a significant threat. Game designers compromise on game security to meet demanding performance targets, but reduced security increases the risk of potential malicious exploitation. To mitigate this risk, game developers implement alternative security sensors. The alternative sensors themselves become a liability due to their intrusive and taxing nature. Online multiplayer games with real-time gameplay are known to be difficult to secure due to the cascading exponential nature of many-many relationships among the components involved. Behavior-based security sensor schemes, or referees (a trusted third party), could be a potential solution but require frameworks to obtain the game state information they need. We describe our Trust-Verify Game Protocol (TVGP), which is a sensor protocol intended for low-trust environments and designed to provide game state information to help support behavior-based cheat-sensing detection schemes. We argue TVGP is an effective solution for applying an independent trusted referee capability to trust-lacking subdomains and demands high-performance requirements. Our experimental results validate high efficiency and performance standards for TVGP. We identify and discuss the operational domain assumptions of the TVGP validation testing presented here.
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Smith, Simon. "Refereeing eParticipation in the Newsroom: The Work Routines and Competences of a News Portal’s Discussion Administrators." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 7, no. 2 (2015): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v7i2.409.

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This paper describes the work routines and justificatory vocabulary of online discussion administrators (or admins) based on a case study of a newspaper renowned for its positive outlook on eParticipation. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observation in the newsroom, it shows how admins deploy a wide range of skills associated with a role that can best be likened to that of a judge or referee, far from the image of the community builder associated with the positive myth about journalism and eParticipation. Although anchored in a sense of the journalistic craft, they distance admin work cognitively from an editorial process and pose problems for workers' professional identity. The paper offers important insights about how an organisation and a profession coped with the need to integrate new tasks resulting from technological change and how the informational value of user-generated content and the participatory competences of online discussants are being actively negotiated.
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Rayner, Mike, Tom Webb, and Hayley Webb. "The Occurrence of Referee Abuse in Rugby Union: Evidence and Measures Through an Online Survey." International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism 21 (March 31, 2016): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874x-21d.

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BARSBUĞA, Yusuf. "Process assessment of fencing coaches and referees within the scope of the covid-19 normalization steps." Journal of ROL Sport Sciences 4, no. 1 (2023): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7741295.

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<em>The objective of this study is to measure and construe the opinions of the coaches and referees who are actively participating in fencing competitions in our country and who are licensed by the Turkish Fencing Federation (TFF) for the year of 2020, regarding the organizations to be planned and the issues to be paid attention, within the scope of the Covid-19 normalization steps. An online data collection form was used as a data collection tool in this study, which was structured through the qualitative research method. In the analysis process of the data obtained, the data analysis program called MAXQDA was used. While closed-ended questions were summarized by indicating percentages, the content analysis method was used in the process of analyzing open-ended question and answer reports. The data obtained were visualized with the help of frequency tables and code maps. Finally, some of the opinions of the participants, which were coded, were directly conveyed by interpreting the findings obtained through the tables and code maps.&nbsp; It was determined as a result of the study that the Covid-19 pandemic that poses impacts on the entire world affects the attitudes of fencing coaches and referees to participate in organizations. In the activities planned to be organized, the sub-codes like attending without an audience, open-air competitions, provision of spaciousness and ventilation means in the selection of a competition hall, and risk approval notification are classified.</em>
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Attanasio, Roberto, Luca Gualano, Irene Misischi, et al. "The Birth of Endowiki, An Italian Online Platform for Continuous Medical Education In Endocrinology." Journal of Medical Informatics and Decision Making 1, no. 1 (2018): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-5526.jmid-17-1891.

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Background Conventional tools for medical education are burdened by many drawbacks. Textbooks become rapidly outdated, meeting attendance is expensive, and results reported in journals are not easily suitable for clinical practice. Uptodate and Endotext are excellent online tools, but they have been developed for a clinical context far different from that of our country. Methodology Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) charged a task force aiming to develop an educational tool specifically tailored for Italian clinical endocrinologists. Required characteristics were clinical approach, modularity, continuous updating, full online availability (even by mobile devices), open sections and sections for registered members only, opportunity for individualization, indexing and search engine to facilitate browsing. Starting from an open-source platform, Joomla, several changes were implemented. Results Three editors, 2 central editorial secretaries, 30 section coordinators and over 350 authors have been involved in the writing of 21 different sections covering all fields of endocrine and metabolic diseases. The access to Endowiki is free for AME members and is fully open in sections for patients. All readers are requested to serve as referee, pointing to mistakes and need for revision. The system is attended daily by a mean of 250 individuals. Conclusions Endowiki stands alone as an opportunity for medical education in Italy. The big challenges will be the continuous updating and the link to the national certified system for CME.
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Jangra, Hitkul, Rajiv Ratn Shah, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. "Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Dataset and Analysis of Real World Habit Building Attempts." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 18 (May 28, 2024): 1967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31440.

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The pursuit of habit building is challenging, and most people struggle with it. Research on successful habit formation is mainly based on small human trials focusing on the same habit for all the participants as conducting long-term heterogonous habit studies can be logistically expensive. With the advent of self-help, there has been an increase in online communities and applications that are centered around habit building and logging. Habit building applications can provide large-scale data on real-world habit building attempts and unveil the commonalities among successful ones. We collect public data on stickk.com, which allows users to track progress on habit building attempts called commitments. A commitment can have an external referee, regular check-ins about the progress, and a monetary stake in case of failure. Our data consists of 742,923 users and 397,456 commitments. In addition to the dataset, rooted in theories like Fresh Start Effect, Accountablity, and Loss Aversion, we ask questions about how commitment properties like start date, external accountability, monitory stake, and pursuing multiple habits together affects the odds of success. We found that people tend to start habits on temporal landmarks, but that does not affect the probability of their success. Practices like accountability and stakes are not often used but are strong determents of success. Commitments of 6 to 8 weeks in length, weekly reporting with an external referee, and a monetary amount at stake tend to be most successful. Finally, around 40% of all commitments are attempted simultaneously with other goals. Simultaneous attempts of pursuing commitments may fail early, but if pursued through the initial phase, they are statistically more successful than building one habit at a time.
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Song, Min-Kyu, and Won-Mi Lee. "The Relationship between Perception on Referee Judgment, Participation Satisfaction and Re-participate of Participants in Online Taekwondo Competition." Korean Journal of Security Convergence Management 11, no. 11 (2022): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24826/kscs.11.11.5.

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Diki Wendyanto and Endah Lestari Dwirokhmeiti. "Legal Journal "Examination of the Judge's Decision in the Acts of Online Football Gambling" (Case study 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.sby)." YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains 17, no. 4 (2022): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/yurisdiksi.v17i4.119.

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The Criminal Code (KUHP) has criminal rules outside of the Law, namely Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), in the world of sports the name football is one of the most famous sports games where -where. In the world of football, players are familiar with good gambling. football or the audience and even the referee as a court also participates in a gamble, but in principle playing gambling as stipulated in Article 303 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Article 27 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law. appropriate in its application to the Surabaya Court Decision number2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby regarding the Crime of Online Gambling from the probleman the writer can formulate the problem namely What is the decidendi ratio for the High Court Decision Number 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby? and Is the application of the judge's decision on Decision 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby in accordance with the elements of material criminal law? The method used by the author is a normative type with a statutory approach, conceptual, case analysis. In this verdict, it turned out that the judge was not careful about his judgment.This is related to the indictment of the Public Prosecutor who only accused the defendant under Article 303 Paragraph (1) 2nd. In fact, when the indictment does not meet the requirements for an accurate, clear and complete description, the indictment letter will be null and void.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Online referee"

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Webb, Steven Daniel. "Referee-based architectures for massively multiplayer online games." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/498.

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Network computer games are played amongst players on different hosts across the Internet. Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) are network games in which thousands of players participate simultaneously in each instance of the virtual world. Current commercial MMOG use a Client/Server (C/S) architecture in which the server simulates and validates the game, and notifies players about the current game state. While C/S is very popular, it has several limitations: (i) C/S has poor scalability as the server is a bandwidth and processing bottleneck; (ii) all updates must be routed through the server, reducing responsiveness; (iii) players with lower client-to-server delay than their opponents have an unfair advantage as they can respond to game events faster; and (iv) the server is a single point of failure.The Mirrored Server (MS) architecture uses multiple mirrored servers connected via a private network. MS achieves better scalability, responsiveness, fairness, and reliability than C/S; however, as updates are still routed through the mirrored servers the problems are not eliminated. P2P network game architectures allow players to exchange updates directly, maximising scalability, responsiveness, and fairness, while removing the single point of failure. However, P2P games are vulnerable to cheating. Several P2P architectures have been proposed to detect and/or prevent game cheating. Nevertheless, they only address a subset of cheating methods. Further, these solutions require costly distributed validation algorithms that increase game delay and bandwidth, and prevent players with high latency from participating.In this thesis we propose a new cheat classification that reflects the levels in which the cheats occur: game, application, protocol, or infrastructure. We also propose three network game architectures: the Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (RACS), the Mirrored Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (MRACS), and the Distributed Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (DRACS); which maximise game scalability, responsiveness, and fairness, while maintaining cheat detection/prevention equal to that in C/S. Each proposed architecture utilises one or more trusted referees to validate the game simulation - similar to the server in C/S - while allowing players to exchange updates directly - similar to peers in P2P.RACS is a hybrid C/S and P2P architecture that improves C/S by using a referee in the server. RACS allows honest players to exchange updates directly between each other, with a copy sent to the referee for validation. By allowing P2P communication RACS has better responsiveness and fairness than C/S. Further, as the referee is not required to forward updates it has better bandwidth and processing scalability. The RACS protocol could be applied to any existing C/S game. Compared to P2P protocols RACS has lower delay, and allows players with high delay to participate. Like in many P2P architectures, RACS divides time into rounds. We have proposed two efficient solutions to find the optimal round length such that the total system delay is minimised.MRACS combines the RACS and MS architectures. A referee is used at each mirror to validate player updates, while allowing players to exchange updates directly. By using multiple mirrored referees the bandwidth required by each referee, and the player-to mirror delays, are reduced; improving the scalability, responsiveness and fairness of RACS, while removing its single point of failure. Direct communication MRACS improves MS in terms of its responsiveness, fairness, and scalability. To maximise responsiveness, we have defined and solved the Client-to-Mirror Assignment (CMA) problem to assign clients to mirrors such that the total delay is minimised, and no mirror is overloaded. We have proposed two sets of efficient solutions: the optimal J-SA/L-SA and the faster heuristic J-Greedy/L-Greedy to solve CMA.DRACS uses referees distributed to player hosts to minimise the publisher / developer infrastructure, and maximise responsiveness and/or fairness. To prevent colluding players cheating DRACS requires every update to be validated by multiple unaffiliated referees, providing cheat detection / prevention equal to that in C/S. We have formally defined the Referee Selection Problem (RSP) to select a set of referees from the untrusted peers such that responsiveness and/or fairness are maximised, while ensuring the probability of the majority of referees colluding is below a pre-defined threshold. We have proposed two efficient algorithms, SRS-1 and SRS-2, to solve the problem.We have evaluated the performances of RACS, MRACS, and DRACS analytically and using simulations. We have shown analytically that RACS, MRACS and DRACS have cheat detection/prevention equivalent to that in C/S. Our analysis shows that RACS has better scalability and responsiveness than C/S; and that MRACS has better scalability and responsiveness than C/S, RACS, and MS. As there is currently no publicly available traces from MMOG we have constructed artificial and realistic inputs. We have used these inputs on all simulations in this thesis to show the benefits of our proposed architectures and algorithms.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "MSN Online Orientation and Reference Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7057.

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Cameron, Nancy G. "Online Orientation and Reference Course for Online Master of Science in Nursing Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/ijhse/vol1/iss1/2.

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Preloading student satisfaction and success factors into an online program orientation course can strengthen the potential for student retention and success. A 100% online graduate nursing orientation and guidance program was developed. Access to peer support, faculty advisor, and university resources were provided within the course using the same learning management system as the program. Students were taught the basic structure of courses (including discussions, quizzes, and dropbox) to ease the stress of the first few weeks of class. Graduate study requirements and expectations were explained along with the differences between online and face-to-face study. Guidance was provided to assist students in balancing work, life, and study. Students report decreased anxiety and increased comfort with graduate online education, increased self confidence, and feelings of support.
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Härkönen, Sonja. "Digital-reference-Konsortien kooperative Online-Auskunft in Bibliotheken." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2002. http://d-nb.info/985065559/04.

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Garg, Anubha. "SCORM based learning management system for online training." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14627.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Mitchell Neilsen<br>The Biosecurity Research Institute (BRI) facility at Kansas State University is a huge biocontainment facility to conduct research on infectious diseases that pose a threat to plant, animal and human health. The BRI Training and Education Program is currently offline; i.e., classroom sessions are taken to provide this training and education. The objective behind taking up this project was to move the entire training and education module of Biosecurity Research Institute online, instead of having a classroom session for each training course, with an subject matter expert (SME) to come and take the training session. The aim is to develop an online training system which is synchronized with the information in the BRI Research Project Database. The employees will only have to login to the website, scroll through the list of courses they are enrolled in, take the courses, write the assignments/quizzes assigned to the course and then submit the quizzes. They can also self-enroll themselves into courses, if they are given the permission to do so. The SME’s of the courses can create new courses, upload the course materials, enroll users into the courses, and assign deadlines to course completion. Once the student submits the course quiz or assignments, the SME’s can grade the quiz, assign a final grade to the students, and give feedback on their performance. They can even reassign the course in case of poor performance by the student. The administrators of the website can assign roles to different personnel, give permissions according to need and requirement, add/delete courses, and change the appearance of the website. The project is to be done using a Learning Management System called Moodle. Moodle (Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is an online learning management system designed to allow interaction between teachers and students. The back-end database used is SQL Server 2008 R2 and additional tools used are Adobe Presenter (with Microsoft Power Point 2010) to create the courses in SCORM format.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "MSN Orientation and Reference Course." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7055.

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Rabab'A, Moh'd Ghazi. "The expansion of trademark functions with particular reference to online keywords advertising : the European experience." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-expansion-of-trademark-functions-with-particular-reference-to-online-keywords-advertisingthe-european-experience(3a239549-8cc4-4808-a585-882c43bf3252).html.

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The primary purpose of a trademark is to facilitate the communication of information between consumers and producers about their products and services to those who wish or need to buy them. The consumer needs to be able to depend on the message the mark conveys to ensure they are purchasing what will fulfil their requirements. In the modern market place, the choice appears endless, and indeed the principles of free trade espoused by the European treaties has heightened the opportunities for cross-national traders to sell their goods, and increased the options available to consumers. When this occurs, so does the availability of information which a purchaser may find the need to seek through to ascertain what he or she wants in an complex and often confusing exercise in differentiation. It is therefore in the interests of producers and customers that those who manufacture goods or provide services develop a mark which identifies their wares and helps provide feedback measured by success; consequently an exchange of information. Consumers are able to make their preferences known via choice, or otherwise, of the mark. Modern business methods and the vast array of marketing opportunities are not only placing the role and function of the trademark at the forefront of consumer protection, but also developing the concept of the mark as an asset of considerable value in itself. This increases its vulnerability to competitive interference and the proposition that it should receive enhanced protection in law. Somewhat perversely, it has resulted in a body of legislation and jurisprudence which lacks cogency and coherence. The purpose of this thesis, accordingly, is to examine the causes thereof by evaluating the current European trademarks protection system to ascertain the contribution they actually make to promotion of free competition and the movement of goods or services upon which that substantial market is predicated. It will examine the impact of the development of protection granted to the trademark with particular reference to the use of online keywords advertising service and focus on the effect of relatively new theories of what functions qualify to be shielded from harm from competitive others. This has expanded beyond the conventional boundaries of source ‘origin’ protection, espoused to primarily protect consumers from confusion in their choice making process. Advertising and investment functions as separate principle are recognised by the Court of Justice of the European Union, but do not appear to qualify for safeguarding in the context of the competitive free market. In fact, it will be shown that giving excessive shelter from harm to all functions which may affect the value of the trademark will limit, even jeopardise, third party competitor and consumer issues. It will inhibit the use of the e-commerce online keywords advertising service which assists third parties to promote alternative competing goods or services and so reduce consumer choice by restriction of online information. It is suggested that proper, clear defences must be guaranteed under the law so third parties may gauge their actions to avoid infringement of trademark owner rights whilst promoting their own products, and accordingly strike the necessary balance between the different competing interests of trademark owners, third parties competitors, and consumers.
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Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." View thesis, 1996. http://library.nepean.uws.edu.au/about/staff/thesis.html.

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Sandner, Margit. "NSW online – das elektronische Tool zur Liste der fachlichen Nachschlagewerke zu den Normdateien (GKD, PND, SWD)." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82210.

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Die „Liste der fachlichen Nachschlagewerke zu den Normdateien“ stellt mit ihren derzeit mehr als 1.800 Einträgen ein verbindliches Arbeitsinstrument für die tägliche Praxis in der kooperativen Normdatenpflege des deutschsprachigen Raumes, speziell für die Terminologiearbeit in der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung, dar. In jedem Normdatensatz der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) werden für den Nachweis und die Begründung der Ansetzungs- und Verweisungsformen eines Deskriptors im Feld „Quelle“ Referenzwerke aus der so genannten Prioritätenliste (Rangfolge der Nachschlagewerke), darüber hinaus aus der gesamten NSW-Liste, festgehalten und normiert abgekürzt. Diese Liste erscheint – von der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) regelmäßig aktualisiert – jährlich in gedruckter Form mit einem Änderungsdienst (Änderungen, Neuauflagen; Neuaufnahmen) und steht seit einigen Jahren auch elektronisch abrufbar bereit. Dennoch ist sie „in die Jahre“ gekommen. Eine verbesserte Form der NSW-Liste war daher ein langjähriges Desiderat. In dem Vortrag wird über die konzipierten Funktionalitäten, die datentechnische Realisierung, die praktische Verwendung, den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand und die potenzielle Weiterentwicklung des neuen NSW-Tools berichtet. Die Normdateiarbeit ist komplex und anspruchsvoll. Durch die praxisorientierte Aufbereitung in diesem Tool wird die Einhaltung der für alle Neuansetzungen verbindlichen Rangfolge ganz entscheidend erleichtert, was von Beginn an die Qualität jedes Normdatensatzes erhöht. Den größten Zeitgewinn in der täglichen Praxis bringt der sofortige Zugriff auf verlinkte Volltexte. - Angesichts des zunehmenden multilateralen Datentausches bei gleichzeitiger dramatischer Verknappung personeller Ressourcen trotz eines erheblichen Anstiegs des inhaltlich zu erschließenden Literaturaufkommens wird dies im Workflow des vor kurzem eingeführten Online-Redaktionsverfahrens (ONR) für Normdaten der wohl nachhaltigste Effekt von „NSW online“ sein und auch in der künftigen Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) bleiben.
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Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:342.

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The research reported here focuses on the application of multimedia to the teaching of information skills in academic libraries. Specifically, the research project has involved the development and evaluation of a multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues. The research has included an investigation of the characteristics and needs of novice library users. The ways in which novices approach using library-based information technologies which may be applied to any instructional programme for teaching novices how to use library-based information technologies. The research project has involved the development of a comprehensive multimedia system based on the theoretical model. The multimedia system was designed using Macromedia Director v.4.04. The production techniques and operation of the multimedia system are described in some detail. The multimedia system was evaluated and tested using formative evaluation strategies. The evaluation involved the prototype system being reviewed by expert librarians, and multimedia producers, as well as novice users of online library catalogues. The information gathered during the evaluation was used to make suggestions about improvements to the design of the prototype. The results of the evaluation are reported and analysed.
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Books on the topic "Online referee"

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Kaufeld, John. America Online for dummies quick reference. IDG Books Worldwide, 1996.

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Kaufeld, Jenny. America Online for dummies quick reference. 5th ed. IDG Books Worldwide, 2001.

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Kaufeld, John. America Online for dummies quick reference. 3rd ed. IDG Books Worldwide, 1999.

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Kaufeld, John. America Online for dummies quick reference. 2nd ed. IDG Books Worldwide, 1998.

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Kaufeld, Jenny. America Online for dummies: Quick reference. 4th ed. IDG Books Worldwide, 2000.

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Ethel, Auster, ed. Managing online reference services. Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1986.

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National Library of Medicine (U.S.). MEDLARS Management Section. Online services reference manual. MEDLARS Management Section, Bibliographic Services Division, National Library of Medicine, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1986.

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Information, Institute for Scientific. Cited reference searching online. Institute for Scientific Information, 1987.

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National Library of Medicine (U.S.). MEDLARS Management Section. Online services reference manual. MEDLARS Management Section, Bibliographic Services Division, National Library of Medicine, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1988.

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University of California (System). Division of Library Automation. MELVYL online catalog reference manual. Division of Library Automation, Office of the Assistant Vice President--Information Systems and Administrative Services, Office of the President, University of California, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Online referee"

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Colhoun, O. "Online." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2299.

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Brück, Janise, and Lars Guenther. "Wissenschaftskommunikation online." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_35-1.

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Siegert, Gabriele, and Dieter Brecheis. "Online-Werbung." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_19-2.

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Gnambs, Timo, and Bernad Batinic. "Qualitative Online-Forschung." In Springer Reference Psychologie. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18387-5_24-2.

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Wessler, Hartmut, Katharina Esau, and Shota Gelovani. "Online-Öffentlichkeit(en)." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_24-1.

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Winkler, Peter, Jannik Kretschmer, and Thomas Pleil. "Online Public Relations." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_18-2.

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Lehtinen, Petri, Matti Saarela, and Tapio Elomaa. "Online ChiMerge Algorithm." In Intelligent Systems Reference Library. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23241-1_10.

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Prochazka, Fabian, and Magdalena Obermaier. "Vertrauen in Online-Nachrichtenmedien." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_34-1.

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Puppis, Manuel, and Patrick Donges. "Governance der Online-Kommunikation." In Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18017-1_5-2.

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Horvath, Peter. "Referenz- und Quellendatenbanken." In Online-Recherche Neue Wege zum Wissen der Welt. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84181-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Online referee"

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Masuda, Shiro. "Model Reference Adaptive Control via Online Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning under Unmatched Controller Structures." In 2024 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icamechs63130.2024.10818809.

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Lang, Yinghui, Hongjie Liu, Yanli Liao, Bosi Li, Yihan Wang, and Ming Chai. "Online Optimization Method for Virtually Coupled Train Operation Deviation from Reference Curve." In 2024 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc62968.2024.10759973.

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Li, Yan, Jiacheng Lu, Mingzhe Sheng, Jianlei Fan, Piao Fan, and Zengpeng Lu. "Model Reference Adaptive Impedance Control Method Based on Online Environment Stiffness Identification." In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10865045.

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Nonhoff, Marko, Mohammad T. Al Torshan, and Matthias A. Müller. "Robust Control of Constrained Linear Systems using Online Convex Optimization and a Reference Governor." In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886274.

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Haile, T., S. Papavinasam, and W. D. Gould. "Further Evaluation of an Online Probe for Simultaneous Monitoring of Corrosion Rate and SRB Activity: Influence of FeS Surface Layer." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11221.

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Abstract An online probe for simultaneously monitoring sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and corrosion rate was previously demonstrated. This online probe has four sensor elements: carbon steel working electrode (WE), stainless steel counter electrode (CE), saturated calomel electrode (SCE) reference electrode (RE), and enzyme electrode (EE). For monitoring SRB activity, the combination of EE, CE, and RE was used and for monitoring corrosion rate, the combination of WE, CE, and RE was used. 1 he EĽ was based on a biosensor in which sulfide oxidase (SO) was the sulfide sensing element. This electrode responds to both aqueous biogenic and abiotic sulfides up to 180 mg/l. The correlation between the biosensor response, and corrosion rate was also qualitatively established. In this paper, the results of evaluating the combined operation of the online SRB monitor and the corrosion probe in the presence of a FeS surface layer are presented.
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Beyer, Tom, and Sue Polanka. "Interactive Online Reference." In Charleston Conference. Against the Grain Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314785.

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Hoyt, Ben, Noah Vongphit, Andrew Sutton, Dr L. Yu Lin, Dr Chad Baker, and Dr John Ventura. "Reference Map App - CBU Mobile." In International Engineering Science Technology Online Conference. CLOUD PUBLICATIONS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.iestoc.450.

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BARBOSA, LUCIANA GÓIS. "O ENSINO HÍBRIDO NA LÍNGUA INGLESA E A MEDIAÇÃO EM PLATAFORMAS ONLINE NO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS." In 26º CIAED Congresso Internacional ABED de Educação a Distância. Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância - ABED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17143/ciaed.xxviciaed.2020.52713.

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ESTE ESTUDO TEM POR OBJETIVO RELATAR A EXPERIÊNCIA HÍBRIDA REFERENTE AO USO DE UMA PLATAFORMA ONLINE NA DISCIPLINA “ATIVIDADE PRÁTICA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA” DE UM CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS NA MODALIDADE EAD. FUNDAMENTA-SE EM REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA A FIM DE EMBASAR A INVESTIGAÇÃO NO QUE SE REFERE AO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DESSE IDIOMA MEDIADO POR TECNOLOGIAS HÍBRIDAS. USA, COMO METODOLOGIA, O ESTUDO DIALÉTICO APOIADO NA PESQUISA DO TIPO OBSERVAÇÃO PARTICIPANTE, QUE PERMITIU CONSTATAR O ESTRANHAMENTO INICIAL DOS CURSISTAS ANTE A NOVA PROPOSTA DE PRÁTICA ONLINE DA LÍNGUA INGLESA E QUE A INTERVENÇÃO IMEDIATA DOS PROFESSORES DA DISCIPLINA FOI PREPONDERANTE PARA A REVERSÃO DAQUELA RELUTÂNCIA. CONCLUI QUE O ACOMPANHAMENTO DOCENTE DE UMA DISCIPLINA ONLINE, SOMADO AO APOIO DOS PARES DA DOCÊNCIA EM EAD, É FUNDAMENTAL PARA O APRIMORAMENTO DE SUA OFERTA, O QUE INCENTIVA A APRENDIZAGEM, ESPECIALMENTE DE UMA LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: LÍNGUA INGLESA. ENSINO HÍBRIDO. AVA. EAD.
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Oliveira, Daniel Rodrigues, Kairo Bruno Almondes da Silva, and Kawan Felipp Pascoa da Silva. "PROTÓTIPO DE EQUIPAMENTO ESTERILIZADOR PORTÁTIL DE AMBIENTES." In Semana Online Científica de Engenharia. CONGRESSE.ME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/dgle3366.

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No ano de 2020 e 2021 a pandemia do COVID-19 passou a fazer parte do cotidiano de todos os cidadãos, e devido a proliferação da COVID em âmbito global, e também devido a facilidade de contagio desse referente vírus, mostrou-se uma grande necessidade, tanto de buscar formas alternativas de proteção contra o mesmo, já que os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI’s) acabaram mostrando uma escassez referente a acessibilidade de pose dos mesmos, como também na alta demanda constante de limpeza nos ambientes hospitalares e nos ambientes públicos onde ocorre um grande fluxo de bactérias e do vírus oportunista tratado em questão. Nesse contexto atual, também se mostrou necessário uma forma alternativa de combater o vírus, pelo fato de que ocorreu, de forma global, uma alta elevação de concentração de pacientes diagnosticados com o vírus da COVID-19. O presente projeto de pesquisa tem o objetivo de desenvolver um equipamento que além de ser portátil, também utiliza a radiação ultravioleta para o combate do coronavírus, reduzindo a carga viral de um ambiente. As lâmpadas de UV são as fontes de Radiação mais usadas para eliminação de germes e bactérias. Sendo lâmpadas projetadas especialmente para produzir raios de UV Germicida, com vidro especial que bloqueia os raios que geram ozônio. Até o presente momento de execução do projeto foi desenvolvido a programação para Arduíno para o funcionamento de todo equipamento, assim como o esquema eletrônico necessário, e fabricado parte do protótipo com a parte estrutural. Até o momento conclui-se que o protótipo conseguiu realizar parcialmente os objetivos almejados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Germicida, Raios Ultravioleta, EPC
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Keunmo Kang and Robert R. Bitmead. "Online reference computation for feasible model predictive control." In 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434101.

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Reports on the topic "Online referee"

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Wayman, Richard J., and Charles E. Reed. Defense RDT and E Online System (DROLS) Retrieval Reference Guide. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada286844.

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Vaughn, Tim, and Daniel Olsen. PR-179-19601-R03 Evaluation of Online Analyzers for Multiple Gas Contaminants-Field Test. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012242.

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Operating companies currently use several analyzers per location to monitor gas streams throughout their operations. By replacing multiple analyzers with a single analyzer capable of measuring multiple contaminants, both capital and operations and maintenance expenditures can be reduced. A field trial of two commercially available on-line analyzers was conducted between February 2021 and February 2022. The analyzers (ABB LGR-ICOS 950, AP2e ProCeas) were sited at an operational gas compression facility, whose own process gas analyzers were used as reference analyzers for comparison ("Site Ref"). Measured data for contaminant species (CO2, O2, H2S, and H2O) were recorded at 5-second intervals, collected remotely, and compared to hourly data provided by site reference analyzers. Related webinar.
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Kuniyoshi, Isabel Cristiane, William D'Andrea Fonseca, and Felipe Ramos de Mello. Dia Internacional da Conscientização sobre o Ruído — INAD Brasil 2021: INAD Brasil 2021 foi um sucesso e totalmente online. Revista Acústica e Vibrações, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55753/aev.v36e53.58.

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O INAD Brasil é o ramo brasileiro da campanha International Noise Awareness Day (INAD), que visa à conscientização sobre os impactos do ruído na vida cotidiana e na saúde da população. Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento da campanha brasileira referente ao ano de 2021. Inicialmente, há uma breve apresentação do INAD e sua contextualização no Brasil, seguida da descrição do tema, lema e desenvolvimento dos materiais, além das atividades realizadas. O texto finaliza anunciando a organização do INAD 2022.
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Papavinasam and Revie. L51971 Coating Gap Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011278.

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Using an online survey that was completed by 58 persons from around the globe, the gaps have been identified in knowledge and operational expectations of coatings presently in service, as well as of coatings that may be under consideration for future service. A database of about 500 references on pipeline coatings has been developed in Reference Manager(R) based on published literature and on a search of records. In order to facilitate transfer of data from Reference Manager(R) to MS ACCESS(R), another widely used software package, a program has been written using Visual Basic. Using this program, all databases (including those developed in previous GRI projects) in Reference Manager(R), can be converted into MS ACCESS(R). Based on the comparison between practical requirements and scientific knowledge, action plans for filling the gaps have been prioritized. The prioritized list and the rationale for the prioritization are described in this report.
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Rogers, Gordon. Annual G20 scorecard – Research performance 2023. Clarivate, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14322/isi.grr.annual.g20.scorecard.2023.

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The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)™ releases an annual G20 scorecard that summarizes and compares the research and innovation capabilities of the G20 economies, known for their significant investments in education, research and technology. The G20 scorecard serves as a vital reference for researchers, technologists and policymakers due to shifting global research trends. The scorecard and its rich array of interactive data is now available in a dynamic online format to enhance accessibility and allow for rapid comparative analyses, alongside a downloadable executive summary highlighting key findings for 2023.
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Calderón, Claudia, Anamaría Núñez, and Z’leste Wanner. Speaking of Water: Digital conversation on water and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean (2016-2017). Inter-American Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006446.

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Public digital conversations can offer valuable insight into how issues are being covered and discussed in online news and social platforms. This study compiles over one million news articles, blog posts and tweets that reference water and sanitation issues from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017 in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The analysis seeks to uncover trends, key topic areas, and patterns in public conversations particularly around the Sustainable Development Goals to guide actors working on communications around water and sanitation, particularly in an international development context.
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Armstrong, Dr Beth, Lucy King, Ayla Ibrahimi, Robin Clifford, and Mark Jitlal. Food and You 2: Wales Wave 1-2 Key Findings. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tgd448.

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Food and You 2 is a biannual representative sample survey, recognised as an official statistic, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures selfreported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in Wales, England, and Northern Ireland. Food and You 2 uses a methodology, known as ‘push-to-web’, which is primarily carried out online. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 1 was conducted between 29th July and 6th October 2020. In Wales, 2,100 adults from 1,579 households completed the survey, with 68% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 9,319 adults from 6,408 households across Wales, England, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 2 was conducted between 20th November 2020 and 21st January 2021. In Wales, 1,366 adults from 1,042 households completed the survey, with 67% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 5,900 adults from 3,955 households across Wales, England, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. This survey was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic and so it records the reported attitudes and behaviours under unusual circumstances which have had a significant impact on how and where people buy and eat food, and on levels of household food insecurity. The modules presented in this report include ‘Food we can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ’Food security’, ‘Food shopping’, ‘Eating out and takeaways’, ‘Food hypersensitivities’ and ‘Eating at home’. Findings presented in this report refer to data collected in Wales unless otherwise specified.
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Armstrong, Dr Beth, Lucy King, Ayla Ibrahimi, Robin Clifford, and Mark Jitlal. Food and You 2: Northern Ireland. Wave 1-2 Key Findings. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.pgo256.

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Food and You 2 is a biannual representative sample survey, recognised as an official statistic, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures selfreported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in Wales, England, and Northern Ireland. Food and You 2 uses a methodology, known as ‘push-to-web’, which is primarily carried out online. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 1 was conducted between 29th July and 6th October 2020. In Northern Ireland, 2,079 adults from 1,389 households completed the survey, with 57% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 9,319 adults from 6,408 households across Northern Ireland, Wales, and England completed the survey. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 2 was conducted between 20th November 2020 and 21st January 2021. In Northern Ireland, 1,566 adults from 997 households completed the survey, with 60% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 5,900 adults from 3,955 households across Northern Ireland, Wales, and England completed the survey. This survey was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic and so it records the reported attitudes and behaviours under unusual circumstances which have had a significant impact on how and where people buy and eat food, and on levels of household food insecurity. The modules presented in this report include ‘Food we can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ’Food security’, ‘Food shopping’, ‘Eating out and takeaways’, ‘Food hypersensitivities’ and ‘Eating at home’. Findings presented in this report refer to data collected in Northern Ireland unless otherwise specified.
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Budzich, Jeffrey. PR-685-184506-R04 Potential Monitoring Techniques and Technologies for Real Time Rainfall and Flooding. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011663.

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Systems to alert pipeline operators of existing or impending flood events of concern are important tools as operators work to protect infrastructure at crossings of concern. A critical return period flood alert allows operators to take pre-emptive actions that may reduce consequences involved in major flood events. Gages are valuable tools for collecting data and information about discharge. Physical in-waterway gages include reference gages, crest stage gages, and recording stage gages. For recording stage gages, data can be transmitted electronically and limit the need for site visits. Online, or 'virtual' gages, such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's high-resolution National Water Model and the National Weather Service Weather Prediction Center, are an alternative to using gages to collect data, as they cover larger areas and are typically less expensive than installing, maintaining and operating site-specific gages. This is D1 on the PHMSA table
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Hellström, Anders. How anti-immigration views were articulated in Sweden during and after 2015. Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771936.

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The development towards the mainstreaming of extremism in European countries in the areas of immigration and integration has taken place both in policy and in discourse. The harsh policy measures that were implemented after the 2015 refugee crisis have led to a discursive shift; what is normal to say and do in the areas of immigration and integration has changed. Anti-immigration claims are today not merely articulated in the fringes of the political spectrum but more widely accepted and also, at least partly, officially sanctioned. This study investigates the anti-immigration claims, seen as (populist) appeals to the people that centre around a particular mythology of the people and that are, as such, deeply ingrained in national identity construction. The two dimensions of the populist divide are of relevance here: The horizontal dimension refers to articulated differences between "the people", who belong here, and the "non-people" (the other), who do not. The vertical dimension refers to articulated differences between the common people and the established elites. Empirically, the analysis shows how anti-immigration views embedded in processes of national myth making during and after 2015 were articulated in the socially conservative online newspaper Samtiden from 2016 to 2019. The results indicate that far-right populist discourse conveys a nostalgia for a golden age and a cohesive and homogenous collective identity, combining ideals of cultural conformism and socioeconomic fairness.
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