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Webb, Steven Daniel. "Referee-based architectures for massively multiplayer online games." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/498.
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Network computer games are played amongst players on different hosts across the Internet. Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) are network games in which thousands of players participate simultaneously in each instance of the virtual world. Current commercial MMOG use a Client/Server (C/S) architecture in which the server simulates and validates the game, and notifies players about the current game state. While C/S is very popular, it has several limitations: (i) C/S has poor scalability as the server is a bandwidth and processing bottleneck; (ii) all updates must be routed through the server, reducing responsiveness; (iii) players with lower client-to-server delay than their opponents have an unfair advantage as they can respond to game events faster; and (iv) the server is a single point of failure.The Mirrored Server (MS) architecture uses multiple mirrored servers connected via a private network. MS achieves better scalability, responsiveness, fairness, and reliability than C/S; however, as updates are still routed through the mirrored servers the problems are not eliminated. P2P network game architectures allow players to exchange updates directly, maximising scalability, responsiveness, and fairness, while removing the single point of failure. However, P2P games are vulnerable to cheating. Several P2P architectures have been proposed to detect and/or prevent game cheating. Nevertheless, they only address a subset of cheating methods. Further, these solutions require costly distributed validation algorithms that increase game delay and bandwidth, and prevent players with high latency from participating.In this thesis we propose a new cheat classification that reflects the levels in which the cheats occur: game, application, protocol, or infrastructure. We also propose three network game architectures: the Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (RACS), the Mirrored Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (MRACS), and the Distributed Referee Anti-Cheat Scheme (DRACS); which maximise game scalability, responsiveness, and fairness, while maintaining cheat detection/prevention equal to that in C/S. Each proposed architecture utilises one or more trusted referees to validate the game simulation - similar to the server in C/S - while allowing players to exchange updates directly - similar to peers in P2P.RACS is a hybrid C/S and P2P architecture that improves C/S by using a referee in the server. RACS allows honest players to exchange updates directly between each other, with a copy sent to the referee for validation. By allowing P2P communication RACS has better responsiveness and fairness than C/S. Further, as the referee is not required to forward updates it has better bandwidth and processing scalability. The RACS protocol could be applied to any existing C/S game. Compared to P2P protocols RACS has lower delay, and allows players with high delay to participate. Like in many P2P architectures, RACS divides time into rounds. We have proposed two efficient solutions to find the optimal round length such that the total system delay is minimised.MRACS combines the RACS and MS architectures. A referee is used at each mirror to validate player updates, while allowing players to exchange updates directly. By using multiple mirrored referees the bandwidth required by each referee, and the player-to mirror delays, are reduced; improving the scalability, responsiveness and fairness of RACS, while removing its single point of failure. Direct communication MRACS improves MS in terms of its responsiveness, fairness, and scalability. To maximise responsiveness, we have defined and solved the Client-to-Mirror Assignment (CMA) problem to assign clients to mirrors such that the total delay is minimised, and no mirror is overloaded. We have proposed two sets of efficient solutions: the optimal J-SA/L-SA and the faster heuristic J-Greedy/L-Greedy to solve CMA.DRACS uses referees distributed to player hosts to minimise the publisher / developer infrastructure, and maximise responsiveness and/or fairness. To prevent colluding players cheating DRACS requires every update to be validated by multiple unaffiliated referees, providing cheat detection / prevention equal to that in C/S. We have formally defined the Referee Selection Problem (RSP) to select a set of referees from the untrusted peers such that responsiveness and/or fairness are maximised, while ensuring the probability of the majority of referees colluding is below a pre-defined threshold. We have proposed two efficient algorithms, SRS-1 and SRS-2, to solve the problem.We have evaluated the performances of RACS, MRACS, and DRACS analytically and using simulations. We have shown analytically that RACS, MRACS and DRACS have cheat detection/prevention equivalent to that in C/S. Our analysis shows that RACS has better scalability and responsiveness than C/S; and that MRACS has better scalability and responsiveness than C/S, RACS, and MS. As there is currently no publicly available traces from MMOG we have constructed artificial and realistic inputs. We have used these inputs on all simulations in this thesis to show the benefits of our proposed architectures and algorithms.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "MSN Online Orientation and Reference Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7057.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "Online Orientation and Reference Course for Online Master of Science in Nursing Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/ijhse/vol1/iss1/2.
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Preloading student satisfaction and success factors into an online program orientation course can strengthen the potential for student retention and success. A 100% online graduate nursing orientation and guidance program was developed. Access to peer support, faculty advisor, and university resources were provided within the course using the same learning management system as the program. Students were taught the basic structure of courses (including discussions, quizzes, and dropbox) to ease the stress of the first few weeks of class. Graduate study requirements and expectations were explained along with the differences between online and face-to-face study. Guidance was provided to assist students in balancing work, life, and study. Students report decreased anxiety and increased comfort with graduate online education, increased self confidence, and feelings of support.
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Härkönen, Sonja. "Digital-reference-Konsortien kooperative Online-Auskunft in Bibliotheken." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2002. http://d-nb.info/985065559/04.
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Garg, Anubha. "SCORM based learning management system for online training." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14627.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Mitchell Neilsen<br>The Biosecurity Research Institute (BRI) facility at Kansas State University is a huge biocontainment facility to conduct research on infectious diseases that pose a threat to plant, animal and human health. The BRI Training and Education Program is currently offline; i.e., classroom sessions are taken to provide this training and education. The objective behind taking up this project was to move the entire training and education module of Biosecurity Research Institute online, instead of having a classroom session for each training course, with an subject matter expert (SME) to come and take the training session.
The aim is to develop an online training system which is synchronized with the information in the BRI Research Project Database. The employees will only have to login to the website, scroll through the list of courses they are enrolled in, take the courses, write the assignments/quizzes assigned to the course and then submit the quizzes. They can also self-enroll themselves into courses, if they are given the permission to do so. The SME’s of the courses can create new courses, upload the course materials, enroll users into the courses, and assign deadlines to course completion. Once the student submits the course quiz or assignments, the SME’s can grade the quiz, assign a final grade to the students, and give feedback on their performance. They can even reassign the course in case of poor performance by the student. The administrators of the website can assign roles to different personnel, give permissions according to need and requirement, add/delete courses, and change the appearance of the website.
The project is to be done using a Learning Management System called Moodle. Moodle (Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is an online learning management system designed to allow interaction between teachers and students. The back-end database used is SQL Server 2008 R2 and additional tools used are Adobe Presenter (with Microsoft Power Point 2010) to create the courses in SCORM format.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "MSN Orientation and Reference Course." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7055.
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Rabab'A, Moh'd Ghazi. "The expansion of trademark functions with particular reference to online keywords advertising : the European experience." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-expansion-of-trademark-functions-with-particular-reference-to-online-keywords-advertisingthe-european-experience(3a239549-8cc4-4808-a585-882c43bf3252).html.
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The primary purpose of a trademark is to facilitate the communication of information between consumers and producers about their products and services to those who wish or need to buy them. The consumer needs to be able to depend on the message the mark conveys to ensure they are purchasing what will fulfil their requirements. In the modern market place, the choice appears endless, and indeed the principles of free trade espoused by the European treaties has heightened the opportunities for cross-national traders to sell their goods, and increased the options available to consumers. When this occurs, so does the availability of information which a purchaser may find the need to seek through to ascertain what he or she wants in an complex and often confusing exercise in differentiation. It is therefore in the interests of producers and customers that those who manufacture goods or provide services develop a mark which identifies their wares and helps provide feedback measured by success; consequently an exchange of information. Consumers are able to make their preferences known via choice, or otherwise, of the mark. Modern business methods and the vast array of marketing opportunities are not only placing the role and function of the trademark at the forefront of consumer protection, but also developing the concept of the mark as an asset of considerable value in itself. This increases its vulnerability to competitive interference and the proposition that it should receive enhanced protection in law. Somewhat perversely, it has resulted in a body of legislation and jurisprudence which lacks cogency and coherence. The purpose of this thesis, accordingly, is to examine the causes thereof by evaluating the current European trademarks protection system to ascertain the contribution they actually make to promotion of free competition and the movement of goods or services upon which that substantial market is predicated. It will examine the impact of the development of protection granted to the trademark with particular reference to the use of online keywords advertising service and focus on the effect of relatively new theories of what functions qualify to be shielded from harm from competitive others. This has expanded beyond the conventional boundaries of source ‘origin’ protection, espoused to primarily protect consumers from confusion in their choice making process. Advertising and investment functions as separate principle are recognised by the Court of Justice of the European Union, but do not appear to qualify for safeguarding in the context of the competitive free market. In fact, it will be shown that giving excessive shelter from harm to all functions which may affect the value of the trademark will limit, even jeopardise, third party competitor and consumer issues. It will inhibit the use of the e-commerce online keywords advertising service which assists third parties to promote alternative competing goods or services and so reduce consumer choice by restriction of online information. It is suggested that proper, clear defences must be guaranteed under the law so third parties may gauge their actions to avoid infringement of trademark owner rights whilst promoting their own products, and accordingly strike the necessary balance between the different competing interests of trademark owners, third parties competitors, and consumers.
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Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." View thesis, 1996. http://library.nepean.uws.edu.au/about/staff/thesis.html.
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Sandner, Margit. "NSW online – das elektronische Tool zur Liste der fachlichen Nachschlagewerke zu den Normdateien (GKD, PND, SWD)." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-82210.
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Die „Liste der fachlichen Nachschlagewerke zu den Normdateien“ stellt mit ihren derzeit mehr als 1.800 Einträgen ein verbindliches Arbeitsinstrument für die tägliche Praxis in der kooperativen Normdatenpflege des deutschsprachigen Raumes, speziell für die Terminologiearbeit in der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung, dar. In jedem Normdatensatz der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) werden für den Nachweis und die Begründung der Ansetzungs- und Verweisungsformen eines Deskriptors im Feld „Quelle“ Referenzwerke aus der so genannten Prioritätenliste (Rangfolge der Nachschlagewerke), darüber hinaus aus der gesamten NSW-Liste, festgehalten und normiert abgekürzt. Diese Liste erscheint – von der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) regelmäßig aktualisiert – jährlich in gedruckter Form mit einem Änderungsdienst (Änderungen, Neuauflagen; Neuaufnahmen) und steht seit einigen Jahren auch elektronisch abrufbar bereit. Dennoch ist sie „in die Jahre“ gekommen. Eine verbesserte Form der NSW-Liste war daher ein langjähriges Desiderat.
In dem Vortrag wird über die konzipierten Funktionalitäten, die datentechnische Realisierung, die praktische Verwendung, den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand und die potenzielle Weiterentwicklung des neuen NSW-Tools berichtet.
Die Normdateiarbeit ist komplex und anspruchsvoll. Durch die praxisorientierte Aufbereitung in diesem Tool wird die Einhaltung der für alle Neuansetzungen verbindlichen Rangfolge ganz entscheidend erleichtert, was von Beginn an die Qualität jedes Normdatensatzes erhöht. Den größten Zeitgewinn in der täglichen Praxis bringt der sofortige Zugriff auf verlinkte Volltexte. - Angesichts des zunehmenden multilateralen Datentausches bei gleichzeitiger dramatischer Verknappung personeller Ressourcen trotz eines erheblichen Anstiegs des inhaltlich zu erschließenden Literaturaufkommens wird dies im Workflow des vor kurzem eingeführten Online-Redaktionsverfahrens (ONR) für Normdaten der wohl nachhaltigste Effekt von „NSW online“ sein und auch in der künftigen Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) bleiben.
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Evans, Paul. "A multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues." Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:342.
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The research reported here focuses on the application of multimedia to the teaching of information skills in academic libraries. Specifically, the research project has involved the development and evaluation of a multimedia system to instruct novice users of online library catalogues. The research has included an investigation of the characteristics and needs of novice library users. The ways in which novices approach using library-based information technologies which may be applied to any instructional programme for teaching novices how to use library-based information technologies. The research project has involved the development of a comprehensive multimedia system based on the theoretical model. The multimedia system was designed using Macromedia Director v.4.04. The production techniques and operation of the multimedia system are described in some detail. The multimedia system was evaluated and tested using formative evaluation strategies. The evaluation involved the prototype system being reviewed by expert librarians, and multimedia producers, as well as novice users of online library catalogues. The information gathered during the evaluation was used to make suggestions about improvements to the design of the prototype. The results of the evaluation are reported and analysed.
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Iivonen, Mirja, and Diane H. Sonnenwald. "From Translation to Navigation of Different Discourses: A Model of Search Term Selection during the Pre-Online Stage of the Search Process." John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106512.
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We propose a model of search term selection process based on our empirical study of professional searchers during the pre-online stage of the search process. The model characterizes the selection of search terms as the navigation of different discourses. Discourse refers to the way of talking and thinking about a certain topic; there often exists multiple, diverse discourses on the same topic. When selecting search terms, searchers appear to navigate a variety of discourses, i.e., they view the topic of a client's search request from the perspective of multiple discourse communities, and evaluate and synthesize differences and similarities among those discourses when selecting search terms. Six discourses emerged as sources of search terms in our study. These discourses are controlled vocabularies, documents and domains, the practice of indexing, clients' search requests, databases and the searchers' own search experience. Data further suggest that searchers navigate these discourses dynamically and have preferences for certain discourses. Conceptualizing the selection of search terms as a meeting place of different discourses provides new insights into the complex nature of the search term selection process. It emphasizes the multiplicity and complexity of the sources of search terms, the dynamic nature of the search term selection process, and the complex analysis and synthesis of differences and similarities among sources of search terms. It suggests that searchers may need to understand fundamental aspects of multiple discourses in order to select search terms.
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Jebadurai, Jeshoor Kumar. "Qualitative research of online drug misuse communities with reference to the novel psychoactive substances." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/11352.
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Objective: This research aimed at reviewing the information provided by the online drug misuse communities with reference to the available evidence-based literature on the novel psychoactive substances. Methodology: Among hundreds of novel psychoactive substances, four groups (phenethylamines, tryptamines, piperazines and miscellaneous) were selected for the study. Various website drug fora were identified by Google and Yahoo search engines using a set of specific key words. The methods consisted of extracting and analysing qualitative data from the identified website fora. This was also supplemented by critical reviewing the existing evidence-based literature search for each of the selected psychoactive compounds. Results: The combined search results identified 84 unique website fora from which qualitative data were extracted for thirty novel psychoactive substances and organised into technical folders. This data extracted from online communities has thrown some light on factors such as the mode of purchase, subjective experiences, reasons for use, combinations, legislation, mechanisms of action in the CNS, side effects, toxicity and its management. This would enable the clinicians to be obtain full history when assessing and would inform better treatment choices. Conclusions: A range of novel psychoactive substances have been made recently available across the globe. The sale is easily achieved through the Internet. New legislations are made to control some recreational substances whilst newer substances appear. Furthermore, the distributors sell the backlog of products even after controlling of the substance has occured and hence are liable to potentiating criminal investigations. It is here suggested as well that the 'genuinity' of each onlince susbtance is questionable. Evidence-based literature is scant for the vast majority of these substances. Accidental overdoses are common occurences and some of the potential life-threatening clinical situations include sympathomimetic toxidrome and serotonin syndrome. Benzodiazepines appear to help with agitation and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Better levels of international cooperation and rapid share of available information may be needed to tackle the emerging problem of the novel psychoactive substances.
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Schröder, Barbara. "Digital Reference Wie macht man's? Wie nutzt man's? Darstellung und Analyse bibliothekarischer Online-Auskunftsdienste /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11675824.
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Lundin, Kristina. "Mot en delad framtid? : Mendeley som exempel på vetenskaplig kommunikation online." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179884.
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The last few years have been characterised by increasing online communication and the emergence of social media, made possible by Web 2.0. In society as well as in research, social media is used for knowledge produc- tion and networking. One example of this is Mendeley, a social reference management tool. With answers from users all over the world, this study investigates the use of Mendeley, if the respondents use other social media and if all of this affects scientific communication. The aim is also to study what the respondents think about the future of scientific communication and if this can be related to current tendencies. The theoretic framework for this study is based on Leah Lievrouws research on the Cycle of Scientific Communication and the relationship between the ”Little Science 2.0”-scenario and the ”Big Science Retrench- ment”-scenario. A qualitative web based survey was conducted (41 answers) and complemented with an interview with a professor in environmental sciences. The main purpose with the interview was to study how Mendeley can be used in collaborations. The results show that Mendeley is used by researchers to store and organize references, read and annotate pdf:s, cite, share articles in groups, search for new references and to present their research and make new ac- quaintances. The answers show that one effect that Mendeley and other social media has on scientific communi- cation is facilitating cooperation across traditional divides. At the same time, some respondents have not seen an effect on their scientific communication yet. Methods to measure impact in social media are requested, which would complement standard citation analysis. Mendeley’s related research function is found valuable in theory, but is in need of significant improvements. The respondents think that the future will be characterized by an increase in openness and sharing, but a tendency to keep scientific results copyrighted and locked behind pay- walls is also present. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information science.
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Kolacz, Michelle S. Park. "Unpackaging Online Retail: Impact of Message Framing and Reference PoInts on Consumers' Choice of (Reduced) Packaging and Brand Attitude." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1587337288243754.
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Vos, Louisa Johanna. "Die akademiese inligtingsbibliotekaris in 'n elektroniese inligtingsomgewing / Louisa Johanna Vos." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/42.
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The traditional academic reference environment has been
transformed by electronic technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
consequences of this transformation concerning the changing role of the reference
librarian as well as the new competencies that are needed to be efficient in this
electronic information environment.
Research method: A literature study was conducted in order to establish the
nature of the traditional academic reference environment; to determine the changes
that took place in the electronic reference environment and the effect of these
changes on the role expectations and competencies of the academic reference
librarian.
Core findings: The role of the academic reference librarian in an electronic
environment has changed from sole information provider in the traditional
environment to facilitator and guide to relevant resources in the electronic
environment. Three main roles have been identified: it can be expected of an
academic reference librarian to be a trainer, an information manager and to be
equipped to handle information enquiries via electronic mail. Reference librarians
need additional training and continuing education in order to develop new skills and
acquire new knowledge to enable them to handle these identified tasks. Although
responsibilities for providing training and education opportunities reside with library
managers, in the end, each reference librarian must assume responsibility for
acquiring the required competencies. Librarians must not see the developments in
information technology and especially Internet as a threat, but as an opportunity and
vehicle to deliver and support better information services to users.<br>Thesis (M.Bibl.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002.
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Morrison, Alex. "The treatment of digital copyright works, with specific reference to the role of collecting societies and the online licensing of multimedia products." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21602.
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Digital technology facilitates the conversion of protected works into a single data format making the different categories of work virtually indistinguishable. This homogeneity of data also permits the display of different kinds of works on the same platform, a phenomenon widely known and incorrectly described as "multimedia". Until recently multimedia works were manufactured almost entirely in CD-ROM or floppy disc format, however, an increasing number of multimedia works are being produced as Internet software. This changes the technical as well as the legal nature of software products bringing them closer to the true meaning of "multimedia", which will become clearer later on. The technical convergence that made digitisation possible also created the Internet infrastructure, which would permit the instantaneous delivery of multimedia products. Unfortunately, the convergence of legal rules required for the effective administration of copyright is lagging behind technological convergence, and thereby impeding the development of the Information Society. For many years the development of multimedia products was held up by a 'marketing bottleneck', which increased the length of the product development life cycle. However, with the emergence of Internet technologies, especially the World Wide Web, this bottleneck has almost disappeared. The licensing of multimedia products has always been complex due to the different rules governing copyright in particular media and the large number of rights involved in multimedia compilations. These rights are currently administered by a bureaucratic system, run mostly by national collecting societies and publishing companies. One of the main consequences of this is that authorisation must be sought in respect of each copyright work used in a multimedia product, a process which is so complex and financially risky as to prevent the production of many multimedia products. Copying technologies that make reproduction of copyright works almost effortless, along with network technologies, which give almost instantaneous access to digitised copyright works, aggravate this situation. While collecting societies may regard the system of exclusive rights which prevails in Europe as a great achievement. Those in the emergent multimedia industry regard this as an obstacle, and are therefore calling for the introduction of compulsory licensing. Currently the Commission does not demand that the collective administration of rights become the rule, but is keen to centralise the administration of individual rights. Collective administration of rights may offer a more streamline approach to rights management, but may also restrict access to information, reinforce dominant positions, and erode the position of copyright law. The scope of implied licenses to copy digital works is at present uncertain, and the situation is not likely to improve with the introduction of collective licensing. Furthermore, the use of technical solutions in rights management tends to overly favour the owner at the expense of the user. This is because such systems enable owners to claim more rights than they are entitled to under copyright law. Collecting societies are not generally keen to make the works they administer available in digital form, and even when they do, digital rights are treated as a separate class of rights for which remuneration is payable. In these ways collective administration of works can both erode copyright law and deform it. If the collective administration of works for use in multimedia is to work, there needs to be a pragmatic treatment of digital data based upon a sound knowledge technical factors and a clearly structured licensing/pricing regime. Technical solutions will only work if a broad notion of fair use is applied, since the Internet could not be used legally even if effective management/payment systems were in place. Enforcement and jurisdiction on the Internet can only be effectively realised at an international level. It is therefore vital to reinforce pertinent Articles of the Berne Convention without also unduly favouring authors and publishers. The main aims of this thesis will be to identify the factors, which inhibit the effective administration of copyright in a digitised networked environment; to assess the role of collecting societies and publishing companies in the administration of copyright in the European Union; and to identify the avenues for convergence of copyright laws regarding different forms of digitised media. In order to achieve these aims there will be a review of copyright law applicable to digitised multimedia products distributed via the Internet, the ways in which infringement of digitised copyright works occur in a networked environment will be identified, and there will be an assessment of Community legislation applicable to multimedia products. Further, the interrelation between Community level legislation and national licensing laws must be identified, the effectiveness of existing institutions that administrate the licensing of multimedia products will be evaluated, and the collective solutions to the problems associated with the licensing of digitised multimedia products distributed in a networked environment will be identified.
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Koo, Kyosung Koo Kyosung. "Effects of using corpora and online reference tools on foreign language writing a study of Korean learners of English as a second language /." Thesis supplement (Stimulated recall data, Korean):, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/65.
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Koo, Kyosung. "Effects of using corpora and online reference tools on foreign language writing: a study of Korean learners of English as a second language." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/65.
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The general aim of this study is to better understand aspects of using reference tools for writing and to identify technologies that can assist foreign language writers. The specific purpose of this study is to look closely at how English as a Second Language (ESL) students from Korea use a corpus as a reference tool in conjunction with dictionaries when paraphrasing English newspaper articles. The participants were Korean graduate students with advanced English proficiency (N=10). Their task was to paraphrase an English newspaper article.
The results show that purposes for using a concordancing program include collocations, definitions, context, and parts of speech. The subjects looked for a variety of information in a concordancing program, including prepositions, authentic samples, and the context in which the search terms were used. Reasons for using dictionaries include definitions, parts of speech, and sample sentences. The most common strategy was to combine reference tools, while the second most common was to use a specific search word. Subjects who used more than one tool for a search or performed multiple searches were more successful in finding what they were looking for.
A concordancing program enabled users to see multiple examples of everyday language use. By using the concordancing program, learners were able to see words that were used most frequently, their patterns, and collocations. Learners took more responsibility for their language learning, as they became researchers in their own right. They gained confidence as L2 writers as they had inside access to linguistic resources. The subjects became more independent and were able to solve their own writing and linguistic problems as they became more aware through the use of authentic texts. In this study, the subjects found the corpora to be useful for sentence-level composition and revision. Overall, the use of reference tools led to an improvement in the accuracy of writing. A concordancing program played an important role in defining the structure and context of English phrases and sentences.
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Mroß, Oliver, and Thomas Schlegel. "Referenzarchitektur eines Frameworks für die Entwicklung kompositer, ubiquitärer Anwendungen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143714.
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Durch die zunehmende Anzahl mobiler Endgeräte wie Smartphones sowie der Digitalisierung des öffentlichen Raums stehen ubiquitäre Umgebungen verstärkt im Fokus der Forschung. Werden die Endgeräte und zugehörigen Dienste einer solchen Umgebung zu einer kompositen, ubiquitären Anwendung (kubi App) zusammengefasst, so kann der Anwender auf diese über eine komposite Benutzerschnittstelle zugreifen, z. B. von seinem persönlichen Smartphone aus. Aus der Übertragung des Mashup-Entwicklungsansatzes auf ubiquitäre Umgebungen ergeben sich Implikationen, die im vorliegenden Beitrag untersucht werden sollen. Anhand der Untersuchung verwandter Forschungsarbeiten lassen sich wichtige funktionale Anforderungen aus der Perspektive der ubiquitären Umgebung und der Endgeräte formulieren, die im Rahmen dieses Beitrages vorgestellt werden. Anhand der Anforderungen wird eine Referenzarchitektur zu einem Entwicklungsframework für kubi Apps vorgestellt, die als Grundlage zur Entwicklung zukünftiger Laufzeitumgebungen dienen soll.
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Oudin, Simon. "Commande adaptative pour avion de transport tolérante aux erreurs de modèle et aux pannes." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0033.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'adaptation des lois de pilotage d'un avion de transport civil aux différentes incertitudes qui peuvent affecter sa dynamique. Le procédé de pilotage adaptatif est censé fonctionner en temps réel à bord de l'avion afin d'optimiser la performance boucle fermée en fonction des conditions dans lesquelles il évolue. Les incertitudes peuvent être liées à la méconnaissance des conditions de vol (par exemple la vitesse et l'altitude), à des non-linéarités aérodynamiques inconnues ou encore à la méconnaissance du pilote aux commandes. Les procédés adaptatifs qui répondent à ces problèmes se doivent d'être performants sur l'ensemble du domaine opérationnel de l'avion en présence de perturbations réalistes. D'autres contraintes spécifiques peuvent être ajoutées en fonction du contexte (par exemple des charges limites, la stabilité aéroélastique, etc.). Plusieurs méthodes adaptatives sont testées afin d'adapter le système aux larges incertitudes qui le composent. Elles associent en général un estimateur en ligne (aussi appelé loi de mise-à-jour) à une loi de commande structurée. La synthèse de ces deux éléments peut être réalisée simultanément pour les méthodes adaptatives dites " directes ", comme par exemple le Model Reference Adaptative Control qui utilise la stabilité au sens de Lyapounov. Mais cette synthèse peut aussi être découplée pour les méthodes adaptatives dites "indirectes", ce qui offre un large choix de techniques pour chaque élément (comme les Moindres Carrés pour l'estimation de paramètres physiques incertains et la synthèse sous forme LFR pour le correcteur). Le choix de la méthode dépend fortement du contexte applicatif et des nombreuses contraintes associées. Trois applications sont au cœur de ce mémoire. Elles traitent de l'ajustement de lois de guidage à un modèle pilote inconnu, du contrôle longitudinal de non-linéarités de l'avion, et de la mise au point de lois longitudinale et latérale de pilotage manuel qui s'adaptent à des conditions de vol inconnues. Des méthodes avancées d'analyse linéaire et non-linéaire (dérivées de la µ-analyse et d'algorithmes d'optimisation) sont aussi mises en place pour valider ces systèmes sophistiqués adaptatifs en temps réel. D'une façon générale, les méthodes adaptatives indirectes ont donné le plus de satisfaction. Leur performance est aussi bonne que celle des méthodes directes, mais le fait qu'elles estiment en ligne des paramètres physiques facilite la surveillance temps réel du procédé adaptatif et sa validation<br>This thesis deals with adapting flight control laws of a civil transport aircraft to various incertainties which can affect its behaviour. The adaptive flight control system is supposed to run in real time onboard the airplane so that its closed-loop performance is optimized with respect to the current conditions. These incertainties may be linked to unknown flight conditions (e.g. unknown airspeed and altitude), or unknown aerodynamics non-linearities or even unknown behaviour of the pilot in command. The adaptive schemes that are derived to answer these problems must be valid on the whole flight envelope with realistic disturbances but other additional contraints may exist depending on the context (e.g. loads limits, aeroelastic stability, etc.). To accommodate for large uncertainties on the system, adaptive methods are investigated. They usually combine an online estimator (also called an update law) with a structured flight control law. The synthesis of both elements may be simultaneous on 'direct' adaptive methods, e.g. on Model Reference Adaptive Control, using Lyapunov's stability theory. But it can also be decoupled on 'indirect' adaptive methods, giving a full spectrum of techniques for both elements (such as Least-Squares for estimating unknown physical parameters and the LFR framework for designing controllers). The choice of a specific method really depends on the application context and the related constraints.Three applications are the core of this report. They deal with adjusting guidance law to the pilot's unknown behaviour, controlling a longitudinal non-linearity, and providing manual longitudinal and lateral flight control laws which adapt to unknown flight conditions. Advanced linear and non-linear analysis techniques (based on µ-analysis or on optimization algorithms) are also applied to validated these sophisticated real-time adaptive systems. Results showed that indirect adaptive schemes were generally the most satisfactory. Their performance is similar to the one of direct schemes but as indirect methods provide physical parameter estimates, real-time monitoring and offline validation seem quite easier
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Mroß, Oliver, and Thomas Schlegel. "Referenzarchitektur eines Frameworks für die Entwicklung kompositer, ubiquitärer Anwendungen." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28087.
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Durch die zunehmende Anzahl mobiler Endgeräte wie Smartphones sowie der Digitalisierung des öffentlichen Raums stehen ubiquitäre Umgebungen verstärkt im Fokus der Forschung. Werden die Endgeräte und zugehörigen Dienste einer solchen Umgebung zu einer kompositen, ubiquitären Anwendung (kubi App) zusammengefasst, so kann der Anwender auf diese über eine komposite Benutzerschnittstelle zugreifen, z. B. von seinem persönlichen Smartphone aus. Aus der Übertragung des Mashup-Entwicklungsansatzes auf ubiquitäre Umgebungen ergeben sich Implikationen, die im vorliegenden Beitrag untersucht werden sollen. Anhand der Untersuchung verwandter Forschungsarbeiten lassen sich wichtige funktionale Anforderungen aus der Perspektive der ubiquitären Umgebung und der Endgeräte formulieren, die im Rahmen dieses Beitrages vorgestellt werden. Anhand der Anforderungen wird eine Referenzarchitektur zu einem Entwicklungsframework für kubi Apps vorgestellt, die als Grundlage zur Entwicklung zukünftiger Laufzeitumgebungen dienen soll.
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Ghourabi, Samira. "L’appropriation des référentiels normatifs dans les environnements d’apprentissage en ligne : evaluation de l’usage de la plate forme Moodle de l’Université Virtuelle de Tunis." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30003.
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Avec le développement fulgurant des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, les méthodes classiques de diffuser, d’accéder et de partager l’information ont été repensées.Actuellement, les TIC dédiées à l’éducation sont en plein essor, permettant à l’être humain des nouvelles manières pour se former en toute autonomie et pour tracer son propre parcours d’apprentissage. L’e-Learning, comme nouvelle forme d’apprentissage facilite, à la fois, l’accès à des ressources pédagogiques et l’échange et la collaboration à distance. Afin de remédier les contraintes liées à l’interopérabilité des dispositifs e-Learning et de garantir la qualité de l’apprentissage, l’application des référentiels normatifs doit toucher tous les aspects d’un dispositif d’apprentissage (les profils des apprenants, les méthodes de suivi et d’évaluation, les outils et les fonctionnalités de communication...). Le travail proposé dans cette thèse a pour but d’examiner l’état d’application de référentiels normatifs dans l’Université Virtuelle de Tunis. A travers une étude de terrain, nous avons étudié d’une part, la réceptivité de l’UVT aux intérêts des référentiels normatifs dédiés à l’éducation, et d’autre part, nous avons repéré les outils de communication intégrés dans la plateforme Moodle permettant au tuteur d’assurer le suivi, l’évaluation et le soutien<br>With the significant growth of Information and Communication Technologies, the traditional methods of disseminating, accessing and sharing information have been reshaped.Currently, the ICT dedicated to education are thriving, enabling learner human new ways to train independently and draw their own learning paths. The e-Learning is a new form of learning facilitates both, access to educational resources, sharing and remote collaboration.To overcome the difficulties related to interoperability of e-Learning systems and guarantee the quality of learning, the application of normative references must apply to all aspects of a learning device (learner’s profiles, methods of monitoring and evaluation, communication tools and capabilities ...). The work proposed in this thesis aims to examine the state of reference standards application in the Virtual University of Tunis. Through a case study, we examined on the one hand, the receptivity of the VUT on regarding the interests of normative references dedicated to education, on the other hand; we identified the communication tools integrated in the platform Moodle allowing the tutor to follow up, evaluation and support
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Sagha, Hossein. "Development of innovative robust stability enhancement algorithms for distribution systems containing distributed generators." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91052/1/Hossein_Sagha_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in improving the voltage profile of traditional low voltage distribution networks with high photovoltaic generation or high peak demand. As a practical and economical solution, the developed methods use a Dynamic Voltage Restorer or DVR, which is a series voltage compensator, for continuous and communication-less power quality enhancement. The placement of DVR in the network is optimised in order to minimise its power rating and cost. In addition, new approaches were developed for grid synchronisation and control of DVR which are integrated with the voltage quality improvement algorithm for stable operation.
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Teichmann, Gunter, and Alexandra Schulz. "Kollaborative Problemanalyse in Business Communities mit SWoD-Maps." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141836.
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Teichmann, Gunter, and Alexandra Schulz. "Kollaborative Problemanalyse in Business Communities mit SWoD-Maps." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27990.
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Walliser, Frank-Steffen. "Entwicklung und Nachweisführung einer Methodik zur Einführung und Stabilisierung von veränderten Prozessen in der Produktentwicklung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1999. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199900203.
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Die Bewältigung des organisatorischen Wandels gehört seit je zu den Anforderungen an jede Unter-nehmung. Aus unterschiedlichen Gründen sind - zyklisch oder kontinuierlich - Anpassungen der Organisation an neue Gegebenheiten notwendig. Die Arbeit versucht aus Sicht der Arbeitswissenschaft die speziellen Anforderungen des organisatorischen Wandels für den Bereich der Produktentwicklung aufzuarbeiten. Neben den Zielen der persönlichkeitsförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung wurde besonderer Wert auf das Erreichen stabiler Zustände nach einer Prozeßveränderung gelegt.
Aus den theoretischen Überlegungen zur Theorie der Handlungsregulation und der geistigen Arbeit wurde ein Hypothesensystem aus acht Elementen für Tätigkeitsgestaltung und Implementierung erstellt. Anhand eines betrieblichen Fallbeispiels innerhalb des FuE-Zentrums eines Automobilherstellers wurden diese Hypothesen mit Hilfe arbeits- und organisationspsychologischer Verfahren (TBS-GA, JDS, FIT, BMS-GA) und eigener Kenngrößen validiert. Als Stabilitätskriterien wurden die Durchlaufzeit und die erlebte Kooperation und Kommunikation herangezogen.
Während der beobachteten Dauer von etwa 27 Monaten verkürzten sich die Durch-laufzeiten um etwa 75% und stabilisierten sich auf diesem Niveau. Die erlebte Kooperation und Kommunikation verbesserte sich erheblich bei gleichzeitig leicht verbesserten Werten der psychischen Beanspruchung.
Weitere Erfahrungen des Fallbeispiels wurden als Heuristik mit zahlreichen Beispielen und Steuerungsinstrumenten für den erfolgreichen organisatorischen Wandel dargestellt.
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LIN, CHUN-CHAO, and 林君兆. "Designing an Online Multimedia Evaluation Questionair - the Basketball Referee Test as an Example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hnf672.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>體育推廣學系<br>106<br>Basketball referee is the key person on the final outcome of basketball games. Therefore, referees and athletes are must continually to learn and temper their skills. This study uses online multimedia contents to develop an online multimedia evaluation test. The test consist of three themes: walking, offensive fouls and technical fouls (including violation of sports ethical fouls). It is designed to understand the applications and feasibilities of online multimedia evaluation test on the knowledge learning of basketball referees. Twenty basketball referees who passed the C-level examination of the Republic of China Basketball Association were selected as the participants and were tested by online multimedia and questionair, respectively. The data collected were verified by a single sample t-test (p<.05). The results showed that there were significant differences among the three themes. Additionally, 19 research objects think that the online multimedia evaluation tests is closer to the practice scenarios than the written tests. The documents of written tests only provides the characters interpretation. However, the action media can provide visualization image for discussion of basketball game enforcement. Based on the result of this study, the application of online multimedia assessments for Class C basketball referee testing can improve the effectiveness and quality of practical law enforcement.
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Goh, Seak-Phoon, and 吳雪芬. "A Study of Online Conformity Behavior and Brand Loyalty－Moderating Effects of Online Reference Group and Product Type." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6y75q2.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>國際貿易所<br>100<br>Nowadays, it is becoming more convenient to shop online. More and more consumers have been enjoying online shopping and it has become a trend. Furthermore, consumers normally take notice of other people’s opinions when making decisions, and they may change their initial decisions if these opinions are contrary to their own. Even the purchasing environment may be isolated; there are no interruptions, but the conformity behavior will still occur during online shopping. Therefore, brand loyalty is a critical strategic thrust for suppliers in trying to gain advantages in this competitive market environment.
This study hypothesizes that social intelligence is the antecedent of online conformity behavior. Furthermore, different product categories may have different effects on consumers’ attitudes; so this study uses the product categories as the moderator variables. This study aims to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and online conformity behavior with respect to brand loyalty, and whether this relationship will be difference in four different product categories.
The questionnaires are administered through an online survey in Taiwan, and this study focuses on consumers who have experience with online shopping. A product category pretest and full questionnaire pretest are conducted.
This study finds that social intelligence positively affects online informational conformity and online normative conformity. Furthermore, both online informational conformity and online normative conformity positively affect endogenous brand loyalty and exogenous brand loyalty. It will help the companies to adopt marketing strategies if they have a better understanding of consumers’ preferences in different product categories.
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PhuongHa, Vu, and 武芳霞. "Assessing the Influence of Online Reference Group on Consumer Behavioral Intentions." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22340207217015997780.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>國際經營管理研究所<br>102<br>The aim of this study is to identify the influence of online reference groups on users’ behaviors in the social networking site (SNS) context. In doing so, this study applied SOR theory to operate a conceptual model with four social environmental cues (reciprocity, tie strength, trust, information quality) as SNS stimuli to individual states which measured by affective involvement and cognitive involvement. The impact of OSN groups will then guide individuals to come up with buying behavior or referral intention. Referral Intention was introduced as the next level of purchase intention considering the borderless characteristic of OSN which encourage people not only buy the product but also recommend the information sources to other group members. Confirmation factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) were applied to examine the framework. Research findings show that perceived reciprocity and perceived information quality positively associate with affective involvement. Both affective and cognitive involvement exhibited positive influence on purchase intention and referral intention. Regarding to the results some theoretical and practical implications, were discussed in the last chapter, respectively.
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Sawyer, Jeanne Clifford. "A reference and planning model for library online public access catalogs." 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=sNHgAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990.<br>eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [136]-148).
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Chen, Yun-Ju, and 陳韻如. "A Study of Interpersonal Communication Skills of the Online Reference Service Librarians." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28335009463657845167.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>圖書資訊學系<br>95<br>With the development of new technologies and the prevalence of Internet services, online reference services have become an essential component of reference services in the library. Since 2005, real-time interactive online reference services have appeared in the libraries of Taiwan. Interpersonal communication modes have changed during the process of online reference service. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to the communication between users and reference librarians than ever before.
The purpose of the study is to understand interpersonal communication skills needed for librarians when interacting with users in the online reference services. The researcher also attempted to make a comparison of interpersonal communication styles between traditional reference service and online reference service.
Qualitative research method was utilized in the study, 16 reference librarians in academic and public libraries were interviewed during a two-month time period. The research findings include (1) the characteristics of communication media would have an impact on online reference librarians' interpersonal communication skills; (2) in order to have a better communication between users and librarians, the problems of real-time interactive online reference services need to be solved; (3) learning through work experience, discussion with colleagues, and self-studies were major ways for librarians to improve their communication skills; (4) despite the fact that most librarians interviewed agreed on the importance of good communication skills, very few librarians were willing to take extra time for that; (5) interpersonal communication courses for online reference librarians should proceed with multiple instruction modes.
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Stanjura, Jakub. "Apozice v titulcích českých a anglických online médií." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437629.
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The diploma thesis focuses on apposition and its syntactic and semantic characteristics in the headlines of Czech and English online media. In the theoretical part, the format of a headline is introduced as a part of written journalistic texts as well as significant Czech and English concepts about appositions are presented. The selected approaches are then united into a classification which is later used for the purposes of the linguistic analysis in the practical part. The aforementioned analysis deals with syntactic and semantic aspects of appositional units, classifies the language data and describes them in detail. The final chapter of the thesis contain the conclusion and offer the results of the linguistic analysis. KEY WORDS apposition, nominal apposition, nonnominal apposition, nominal phrases, clause, sentence, appositional constructions, appositives, headlines, Czech media, English media, online media, restrictiveness, non-restrictiveness
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Rakoma, Pamela Portia Thembeka. "An investigation of the management and maintenance of an online subject directory with particular reference to the South African Literature Online resource." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/100.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Library and Information Studies)-Durban Institute of Technology, 2004.
viii, 71 leaves<br>The aim of the study was to investigate management and maintenance procedures that
were used by other sites and how these could be used as a basis for formulating management and maintenance procedures for the SALO subject directory.
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Alekhina, Maria. "The Role of Neck Muscles Afferentation in Planning and Online Control of Goal-directed Movement." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30152.
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Head position signal is crucial for preparing reaching movements because it contributes to specifying the position of body and target in space and relative to each other. However, it is unclear whether sensory information pertaining head position is used to control the movement after movement onset. In this study, nineteen participants performed discrete reaches towards a virtual target while neck vibration was randomly applied before and/or during the movement or not at all. The main dependent variable was the directional bias of the reaching finger. Neck vibration induced early leftward or late rightward trajectory biases. It appears that participants interpreted the sensed head shift as a target or an eye-in-head motion, which can be explained by individual differences in the use of reference frames. Nevertheless, body-centered and head-centered frames of reference appear to be important for the early and late stages of a goal-directed movement, respectively.
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Meter, Maryke. "An Internet based information resource for marketing purposes with specific reference to interior design." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30480.
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This thesis reports on issues to consider when building a web site to serve as a marketing tool and as a channel for communication. Background regarding the Program in Interior Design is provided. The needs and characteristics of the target group are provided to substantiate the need for such a product. In order to build a web site of this nature, knowledge of the principles for design, development and production is imperative as well as a clear understanding of marketing and communication on the WNW. The different phases of the development process, these being analysis, design and development, are discussed. The evaluation process, where formative- and summative evaluation was applicable, is described. A single questionnaire completed by four sample groups was used to obtain relevant information regarding the prototype web site. The questionnaire was divided into four different sections being layout, navigation, content, and communication. The findings are presented and described in detail. Conclusions in terms of the findings are discussed. It was found that a web site of this nature can serve as an effective marketing tool and that it can provide functional communication facilities. Recommendations for the improvement of the product as well as general recommendations for similar development are made.<br>Dissertation (MA (Multimedia))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Information Science<br>unrestricted
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Chang, Kuang-Yu, and 張光宇. "The Effect of Online Products’ Promotional Price Format and Internal Reference Price of Willingness to Buy." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12204998545761149211.
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碩士<br>清雲科技大學<br>國際企業管理研究所<br>97<br>The rapid development of technology change with the times so that the popularization of the Internet, thereby causing some consumers to change consumption habits and to the Internet to become more busy lives of consumers to the main pipeline. Price Promotion is a common way of business marketing, aimed at raising consciousness of consumers to obtain the value of the transaction value, therefore increasing willingness of consumers to buy. The purpose of this study in order to investigate the online store price promotions; at the same time, marked the market price, advertised price and the online price in cases where quality and consumer perception of the internal reference price, the impact of perceived value may be. Reference price were talking about the physical store retailers the most over the past literature, but consumers in the Internet search products that may also be a variety of prices at the same time to receive the message. Therefore this study, three types of Internet advertising price manipulation message, take 2(market value: exaggerated and reasonable) x2 (online price: high-and low-) x2 (advertised price: high-and low-) of the inter-group experimental design.The results showed that: in the network platform to conduct transactions on the internal reference price consumers will be the impact of market price, but quality will not be perceived, in online price and the impact of advertised price; when consumers the higher the internal reference price will increase consumer perception of transaction value, advertised price, although the perceived value of the transaction was the reverse, but the impact is not significant; strengthen consumer perception of quality and perceived value of the transaction, and will also enhance consumer perception of value received; the wishes of consumers with the increase in the value of the consumer perception would increase.
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Tsai, Bao Ching, and 蔡寶卿. "The Physicians’ Needs of Online Reference Services-- A Case Study of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Library." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92480932710126552368.
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King, Martina. "Is What You See What You Get? Exploring the Role of Virtual Reference Icons on Academic Library Websites." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/770.
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The goal of this study is to better understand academic library design, selection, and use of web icons. An additional goal is to discover some of the possible consequences of icon design decisions for student users. This research is meant to help library staff better understand the factors involved in icon design and to assist library staff with icons in the future. Towards this aim, a categorical assessment of thirty academic library icons was conducted. To enable a holistic understanding of the icons, a sub-sample of nine icons was examined in interviews with eight University of Alberta students. Staff involved with the design/selection of icons at five libraries were interviewed. Findings indicate some common areas of weakness in the studied icons which negatively affect the user experience. Further, possible explanations for these design flaws are evidenced in the design process at the library institutions.
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Tsai, Yu-Che, and 蔡育哲. "Consumers’ Points of Reference of Perceived Deception and Purchase Intention in Online Auction: Recommendation Cues and Privacy." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30666465054424216359.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>國際管理碩士學位學程<br>99<br>Online auction has been a common panel of marketing, sales and purchase in this decade. Today, online auction keeps expanding day by day. More and more stores join this game, individuals, physical and virtual sellers, and even the direct selling producers included, offering much more varieties of products and innovating much more new marketing techniques.
However, more convenience takes more risks in online auction. There are common deception occurring, for example, the sellers sell fake, fabricate the condition of the production, not to send out the goods after they received the money transferred by buyers etc. Furthermore, the security of individual privacy is also concerned by the consumers.
In this article, we analyzed factors which might possibly influence the consumers’ intentions of involving in online auction under perceived deception. The purpose of this study is three-fold: (1) to test if the recommendation cues are really trustworthy for consumers and affect consumers’ perceived deception in online auction; (2) to examine if the trust level of consumers in online privacy influences consumers’ perceived deception; (3) to examine if the consumers’ perceived deception affect their purchase intention.
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MeiHsuan-wu and 吳美萱. "The effect of internal reference price between online and traditional channel: In light of customer perceived value." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98301261469411157451.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>國際貿易學系碩士班<br>97<br>This study is based on media credibility and perceive overhead cost in online commerce to discuss whether the consumer’s belief of perceived quality, brand image, brand trust and overhead cost is different from pure physical brand products when consumer meet a pure online brand products. And further explores the effects of perceived quality, brand image, brand trust and perceive online overhead cost with internal reference price. A total of 151volunteers were recruited in the Study1 experiment. Result showed when meeting the pure online brand, consumer’s perceived quality, brand image, brand trust and perceive online overhead cost is significantly lower than pure physical brand. Perceived quality, brand image and brand trust are positively influence perceive value, and perceive value is positively influence internal reference price. Moreover, A total of 150 volunteers were recruited in the Study2. Consumer’s perceive overhead cost in online commerce is also significantly lower than offline commerce, and positively influence internal reference price.
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Sun, Ruei-Yuan, and 孫瑞媛. "THE REFERENCE PRICE AND PROMOTION SITUATIONS ON ONLINE FEMALE SHOPPERS' PURCHASING INTENTION-THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PERCEIVED RISK." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73520390340033754409.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>事業經營學系(所)<br>94<br>The online shopping market is more and more prosperous, female consumers are the main markets. We use an experiment design to examine the research, adopts three factors design: 2 (high reference price, low reference price) x3 (promotion situations: time limited, amount limited, time and amount limited) x3 (the perceived risk degree of the products: high risk, middle risk, low risk products) experiment design.
Taking the female students of Tatung University as the experimental subjects, examining while female are shopping online, how does perceived risk moderate the reference price and the promotion situations on the purchasing intention effect. Examining it with three pretests and a formal experiment, the results indicate that there is moderating effect on the perceived risk.
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Ho, Tai-Jung, and 何岱榮. "A Practical legal study on the Investigation of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: with Special Reference to the Detecting tools." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53039611477076354018.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>法律學系碩士在職專班<br>105<br>According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Constitution of the Republic of China, the State has the responsibility to build a sound and healthy, environment for the children. Nevertheless, the rise of the internet in the 1990s has brought about a threat to the development of child. The Internet allows everyone, including minors, to retrieve all kinds of information and communicate with the outside world. Crimes against children, especially by the paedophilia, have become an epidemic. To combat the offenders, the State utilizes different tools in the process of investigation. This thesis is an attempt to study the nature and functions of these tools. Focus is also placed on the analysis of the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act of Taiwan which provides the legal basis for punishing the offenders. It is concluded that there are rooms for improvement in both the legislation as well as the law enforcement. International cooperation is the key to the success of fighting online child sexual exploitation.
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Ching-Hui, Lin, and 林慶惠. "THE IMPACTS OF REFERENT PRICE AND PROMOTION SITUATION ON PURCHASING INTENTION－TV/ONLINE SHOPPING AND ADVERTISING SPOKERSPERSON AS MODERATORS." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43867205109339171509.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>事業經營研究所碩士班<br>94<br>The development of technology and the transformation of consumer market; such as the scale of virtual market has gradually expanded, the demand types have increased in the market for old people, the female groups which are more busy and control the purchasing power, the consuming consciousness and the purchasing behavior have progressed along with time vicissitude, the virtual channels of shopping penetrate even more deeply, as well as the excellent design for purchasing inducement and promotion situation, and so on; highly motivate my research interest on consumers purchasing behavior in this greatly changing and diversified market.
This study adopts (2) x (3) x (2) x (2) experimental design to clarify the research hypotheses. The suggestion by the researcher is that the business managers should take the second consideration using the advertisement spokesperson as the promotion strategy when through the TV shopping/Online shopping channels.
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Lin, Ching-Hui, and 林慶惠. "THE IMPACTS OF REFERENT PRICE AND PROMOTION SITUATION ON PURCHASING INTENTION － TV/ONLINE SHOPPING AND ADVERTISING SPOKERSPERSON AS MODERATORS." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29745861859951837226.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>事業經營學系(所)<br>94<br>The development of technology and the transformation of consumer market; such as the scale of virtual market has gradually expanded, the demand types have increased in the market for old people, the female groups which are more busy and control the purchasing power, the consuming consciousness and the purchasing behavior have progressed along with time vicissitude, the virtual channels of shopping penetrate even more deeply, as well as the excellent design for purchasing inducement and promotion situation, and so on; highly motivate my research interest on consumers purchasing behavior in this greatly changing and diversified market.
This study adopts (2) x (3) x (2) x (2) experimental design to clarify the research hypotheses. The suggestion by the researcher is that the business managers should take the second consideration using the advertisement spokesperson as the promotion strategy when through the TV shopping/Online shopping channels.
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Huang, Mei-Wen, and 黃美文. "An Investigation on the Willingness for Shopping Online in Electronic Commerce:From Purchase Involvement、Reference Group and Customer Characteristics Perspective." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67658853590915747102.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>86<br>Although electronic commerce is quite popular in the western world, it is still in its infancy at Taiwan. There is no study indicating that people are willing to accept this new business approach. Cultural difference could create a handicap to the promotion of electronic commerce as ordinary people
prefer observing, touching, trying out, and bargaining before they make purchase. This research investigates consumers attitude toward network shopping by studying the relationship between purchase involvement,reference group and willingness for shopping online. The results show that both variables as well as individual differences have influence on consumers
attitude. Purchase involvement has impact on individual willingness for shopping online. It also has impact on individual confidence in network merchandise. Persons with higher involvement intend to collect more information before making purchase. Vendor should host ancillary activities and provide appropriate information to satisfy prospective buyers. The analysis also shows that willingness for shopping online is related to "reference group". Individual decision making is influenced by the environment and persons surrounded. Nearly 68.5% of respondents express their willingness for shopping online provided that there is a reliable shopping environment. A joint effort from industry and government to ensure a secure transaction is the immediate action has to be taken.
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Melo, Bárbara Filipa Mendes de. "The impact of internal reference price in online hotel bookings willingness to pay : the moderating role of individual characteristics." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26243.
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The increased use of internet to search for the best deals regarding hotel bookings have created a highly competitive environment were online accommodation aggregators do not stop appearing and overburden the marketplace with deals. Consumers evaluate the offers using reference prices being them internal or external and because of that the understanding of this concept can help managers to build a pricing strategy that will allow them to remain competitive within the market.
The aim for this dissertation is to explore the relationship between a two dimensional operationalization of the internal reference price concept and individuals’ willingness to pay. In order to understand better the mentioned relationship three individual characteristics were considered - involvement, frequency and loyalty.
To perform this analysis an extensive literature review was done in order to understand the reference price concept and what individual characteristics could influence it. After this quantitative research was performed trough an online questionnaire having collect 300 valid responses. The results indicate that both dimensions of internal reference price have influence in predicting willingness to pay and all of the three individual characteristics considered have proven to be significant in this relationship.<br>O aumento da utilização da internet para procurar as melhores ofertas relativamente a reservas de hotéis proporcionou a criação de um ambiente altamente competitivo onde os agregadores de hospedagem online não param de aparecer e sobrecarregar o mercado com ofertas. Os consumidores avaliam estas ofertas usando preços de referência, que podem ser considerados internos ou externos, como tal a compreensão deste conceito pode ajudar os gerentes a construir uma melhor estratégia de preços que os permita ser mais competitivos no mercado.
O objetivo desta dissertação é explorar a relação entre uma operacionalização bidimensional do preço de referência interna e a predisposição dos indivíduos para pagar por reservas de hotéis online. Para entender melhor a relação mencionada, foram consideradas três características individuais: envolvimento, frequência e lealdade.
Para realizar esta análise foi feita uma extensa revisão da literatura para entender o conceito de preço de referência e quais as características individuais que o poderiam influenciar. Em seguida, uma pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada através de um questionário online, tendo sido recolhidas 300 respostas válidas. Os resultados indicam que ambas as dimensões do preço de referência interna estudadas têm influência na predisposição para pagar e que as três características individuais são significativas nesta relação.
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Cai, Yi. "The effect of reference prices on consumer willingness-to-pay an investigation of the online name-your-own-price strategy /." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/cai%5Fyi%5F200512%5Fphd.
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Yen, Tsan-Tzu, and 嚴燦姿. "The Discussion of The Key Factors on Herding Behavior Based On Reference Group Influence—The Case of Online Group Buying." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24fmwb.
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碩士<br>高苑科技大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>103<br>The purpose of this research is to investigate conformity of online group buying based on the reference group influence through the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP).By implementing a literature review method and a compilation of export opinion in outlining the key factors of conformity purchasing behavior in online group buying.
The use of an expert questionnaire method creates an index that will ultimately be used with AHP to gauge the effectiveness of reference group influence. A total of 33 were returned，with 31 valid ones，93.5% validity rate.
The result revealed the most important influence factor is the huge amount of useful information on the web. Meanwhile, the second consideration factor is common values.
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Hsiao, Wen-Chiao, and 蕭文喬. "The Combination of Online Consumer Experience with Self-Reference and Priming Effect to Advertising Effects—Product Knowledge and Shopping Situation as Moderators." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57qp5e.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>商業自動化與管理研究所<br>98<br>This study is to explore the combination of online consumer experience, through the existing common 2D, 3D and virtual avatar presentation, with self-referential context design and priming picture as the content background. Product knowledge and shopping situation as moderators. In order to finding the optimal combination. Studies have shown that the level of product knowledge, objective situations shopping experience for online consumers have a different combination of interference. And three types of presentation, in the absence of interference by way of advertising the best 3D rendering. Consumers with high product knowledge or in the utilitarian situation who would prefer to 3D with context of analysis self-reference and priming function with the background; in the hedonic situations, who would like 3D interactive and narrative-based content with the priming appearance of background.