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Journal articles on the topic 'Online referee'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 25 June 2025

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1

Suárez-Iglesias, David, Daniel González-Devesa, Carlos Ayán, Alberto Sánchez-Sixto, and Alejandro Vaquera. "Do you even exercise, ref? Exploring habits of Spanish basketball referees during practice and matches." PeerJ 12 (January 29, 2024): e16742. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16742.

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Background Basketball referees are a vital part of the organised competition system, although they remain an “outgroup” in sport. While physical development and fitness programming are deemed necessary for basketball officiating excellence, there is a paucity of literature exploring strategies for physical fitness management in this population. Methods This research was a nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey conducted in 2021. A sample of 628 (531 males, 97 females) referees from 18 regional referee organisations in Spain provided individual responses to gather information on demographic details, level of participation in refereeing, physical fitness practices, and match-day exercise-based regimens. The data were described using summary statistics, and the associations of the assessed variables were subsequently calculated using contingency tables. Results Our findings reveal that a large fraction of the Spanish basketball referee population focuses on aerobic (83%) and strength (73.6%) activities, while less attention is paid to speed (36.9%) and flexibility (23.2%), and agility, coordination, and balance tasks are somewhat overlooked. No significant differences were observed among the referee categories regarding weekly training days or session duration, with most training for 15–60 min per session. Elite referees were more likely to hire personal trainers and engage in strength and flexibility exercises. Sub-elite referees showed a higher tendency to perform stretching and joint mobility activities post-match, while regional referees did so less frequently. Approximately 30.7% of referees across all competitive levels engaged in re-warm-up (RW-U) activities, with stretching and joint mobility being the most prevalent. Conclusions Spanish basketball referees participate in routine physical exercise and fitness practices, irrespective of their competition level. While warm-up activities are prevalent, some sub-elite and regional referees do not consistently perform them, and re-warm-up routines are not extensively embraced.

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Hamsund, Tommy, and Nicolas Scelles. "Fans’ Perceptions towards Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in the English Premier League." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 12 (2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120573.

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The video assistant referee (VAR) in association football was developed to help on-field referees judge potentially game-changing decisions correctly by reviewing video evidence in real time. VAR was implemented by the English Premier League (EPL) ahead of the 2019/20 season. Despite its potential benefits, VAR also presents the risk of not being well perceived by fans. This article aims to investigate fans’ perceptions towards VAR in the EPL. Total of 1350 EPL fans from different age groups above 18 years old completed an online survey on their opinion of VAR and changes they felt would make VAR better. The majority of fans were happy for VAR to continue being used in the EPL, but expressed that changes need to be made in terms of how VAR is being used by on-field referees and to assess certain situations. All age groups were generally positive towards the idea of using technology in the EPL to support referee decisions and provide more information to in-stadium fans, but younger age groups showed significantly more positive perceptions than their older counterparts. Implications include advice for the EPL to make changes according to fans’ opinions and to develop frameworks for making changes with fans as stakeholders in mind.

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Joens, Alexander, Ananth A. Jillepalli, and Frederick T. Sheldon. "Trustworthy High-Performance Multiplayer Games with Trust-but-Verify Protocol Sensor Validation." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144737.

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Multiplayer online video games are a multibillion-dollar industry, to which widespread cheating presents a significant threat. Game designers compromise on game security to meet demanding performance targets, but reduced security increases the risk of potential malicious exploitation. To mitigate this risk, game developers implement alternative security sensors. The alternative sensors themselves become a liability due to their intrusive and taxing nature. Online multiplayer games with real-time gameplay are known to be difficult to secure due to the cascading exponential nature of many-many relationships among the components involved. Behavior-based security sensor schemes, or referees (a trusted third party), could be a potential solution but require frameworks to obtain the game state information they need. We describe our Trust-Verify Game Protocol (TVGP), which is a sensor protocol intended for low-trust environments and designed to provide game state information to help support behavior-based cheat-sensing detection schemes. We argue TVGP is an effective solution for applying an independent trusted referee capability to trust-lacking subdomains and demands high-performance requirements. Our experimental results validate high efficiency and performance standards for TVGP. We identify and discuss the operational domain assumptions of the TVGP validation testing presented here.

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Smith, Simon. "Refereeing eParticipation in the Newsroom: The Work Routines and Competences of a News Portal’s Discussion Administrators." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 7, no. 2 (2015): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v7i2.409.

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This paper describes the work routines and justificatory vocabulary of online discussion administrators (or admins) based on a case study of a newspaper renowned for its positive outlook on eParticipation. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observation in the newsroom, it shows how admins deploy a wide range of skills associated with a role that can best be likened to that of a judge or referee, far from the image of the community builder associated with the positive myth about journalism and eParticipation. Although anchored in a sense of the journalistic craft, they distance admin work cognitively from an editorial process and pose problems for workers' professional identity. The paper offers important insights about how an organisation and a profession coped with the need to integrate new tasks resulting from technological change and how the informational value of user-generated content and the participatory competences of online discussants are being actively negotiated.

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Rayner, Mike, Tom Webb, and Hayley Webb. "The Occurrence of Referee Abuse in Rugby Union: Evidence and Measures Through an Online Survey." International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism 21 (March 31, 2016): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874x-21d.

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6

BARSBUĞA, Yusuf. "Process assessment of fencing coaches and referees within the scope of the covid-19 normalization steps." Journal of ROL Sport Sciences 4, no. 1 (2023): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7741295.

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<em>The objective of this study is to measure and construe the opinions of the coaches and referees who are actively participating in fencing competitions in our country and who are licensed by the Turkish Fencing Federation (TFF) for the year of 2020, regarding the organizations to be planned and the issues to be paid attention, within the scope of the Covid-19 normalization steps. An online data collection form was used as a data collection tool in this study, which was structured through the qualitative research method. In the analysis process of the data obtained, the data analysis program called MAXQDA was used. While closed-ended questions were summarized by indicating percentages, the content analysis method was used in the process of analyzing open-ended question and answer reports. The data obtained were visualized with the help of frequency tables and code maps. Finally, some of the opinions of the participants, which were coded, were directly conveyed by interpreting the findings obtained through the tables and code maps.  It was determined as a result of the study that the Covid-19 pandemic that poses impacts on the entire world affects the attitudes of fencing coaches and referees to participate in organizations. In the activities planned to be organized, the sub-codes like attending without an audience, open-air competitions, provision of spaciousness and ventilation means in the selection of a competition hall, and risk approval notification are classified.</em>

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7

Attanasio, Roberto, Luca Gualano, Irene Misischi, et al. "The Birth of Endowiki, An Italian Online Platform for Continuous Medical Education In Endocrinology." Journal of Medical Informatics and Decision Making 1, no. 1 (2018): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-5526.jmid-17-1891.

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Background Conventional tools for medical education are burdened by many drawbacks. Textbooks become rapidly outdated, meeting attendance is expensive, and results reported in journals are not easily suitable for clinical practice. Uptodate and Endotext are excellent online tools, but they have been developed for a clinical context far different from that of our country. Methodology Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) charged a task force aiming to develop an educational tool specifically tailored for Italian clinical endocrinologists. Required characteristics were clinical approach, modularity, continuous updating, full online availability (even by mobile devices), open sections and sections for registered members only, opportunity for individualization, indexing and search engine to facilitate browsing. Starting from an open-source platform, Joomla, several changes were implemented. Results Three editors, 2 central editorial secretaries, 30 section coordinators and over 350 authors have been involved in the writing of 21 different sections covering all fields of endocrine and metabolic diseases. The access to Endowiki is free for AME members and is fully open in sections for patients. All readers are requested to serve as referee, pointing to mistakes and need for revision. The system is attended daily by a mean of 250 individuals. Conclusions Endowiki stands alone as an opportunity for medical education in Italy. The big challenges will be the continuous updating and the link to the national certified system for CME.

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Jangra, Hitkul, Rajiv Ratn Shah, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. "Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Dataset and Analysis of Real World Habit Building Attempts." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 18 (May 28, 2024): 1967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31440.

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The pursuit of habit building is challenging, and most people struggle with it. Research on successful habit formation is mainly based on small human trials focusing on the same habit for all the participants as conducting long-term heterogonous habit studies can be logistically expensive. With the advent of self-help, there has been an increase in online communities and applications that are centered around habit building and logging. Habit building applications can provide large-scale data on real-world habit building attempts and unveil the commonalities among successful ones. We collect public data on stickk.com, which allows users to track progress on habit building attempts called commitments. A commitment can have an external referee, regular check-ins about the progress, and a monetary stake in case of failure. Our data consists of 742,923 users and 397,456 commitments. In addition to the dataset, rooted in theories like Fresh Start Effect, Accountablity, and Loss Aversion, we ask questions about how commitment properties like start date, external accountability, monitory stake, and pursuing multiple habits together affects the odds of success. We found that people tend to start habits on temporal landmarks, but that does not affect the probability of their success. Practices like accountability and stakes are not often used but are strong determents of success. Commitments of 6 to 8 weeks in length, weekly reporting with an external referee, and a monetary amount at stake tend to be most successful. Finally, around 40% of all commitments are attempted simultaneously with other goals. Simultaneous attempts of pursuing commitments may fail early, but if pursued through the initial phase, they are statistically more successful than building one habit at a time.

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Song, Min-Kyu, and Won-Mi Lee. "The Relationship between Perception on Referee Judgment, Participation Satisfaction and Re-participate of Participants in Online Taekwondo Competition." Korean Journal of Security Convergence Management 11, no. 11 (2022): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24826/kscs.11.11.5.

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Diki Wendyanto and Endah Lestari Dwirokhmeiti. "Legal Journal "Examination of the Judge's Decision in the Acts of Online Football Gambling" (Case study 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.sby)." YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains 17, no. 4 (2022): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/yurisdiksi.v17i4.119.

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The Criminal Code (KUHP) has criminal rules outside of the Law, namely Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), in the world of sports the name football is one of the most famous sports games where -where. In the world of football, players are familiar with good gambling. football or the audience and even the referee as a court also participates in a gamble, but in principle playing gambling as stipulated in Article 303 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Article 27 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law. appropriate in its application to the Surabaya Court Decision number2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby regarding the Crime of Online Gambling from the probleman the writer can formulate the problem namely What is the decidendi ratio for the High Court Decision Number 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby? and Is the application of the judge's decision on Decision 2864 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN sby in accordance with the elements of material criminal law? The method used by the author is a normative type with a statutory approach, conceptual, case analysis. In this verdict, it turned out that the judge was not careful about his judgment.This is related to the indictment of the Public Prosecutor who only accused the defendant under Article 303 Paragraph (1) 2nd. In fact, when the indictment does not meet the requirements for an accurate, clear and complete description, the indictment letter will be null and void.

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García-Ostbye, Ingrid, and Barry Pennock-Speck. "A corpus study of the term evidence in open peer reviews to research articles in the British Medical Journal." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2022): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.01.07.

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The linguistic study of peer-review discourse has focused principally on pre-publication occluded referee reports. However, there are few studies on post-publication open peer reviews of research articles. To address this imbalance, we analyse a type of open peer review, Online Rapid Responses (ORRs) to articles, in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), which is the leading medical e-journal. Using a corpus-based approach, we focus on the term evidence owing to its importance in scientific discourse. We compiled an ad-hoc corpus of 875 ORRs (260,651 tokens) and analysed it using Wordsmith Tools 6 to ascertain the frequency of evidence. We then compared its frequency in our corpus with the British National Corpus (BNC), the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the COCA academic subcorpus, the Cambridge Academic English Corpus (CAEC) and the sub-corpus of reviews in the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (LOB-C). We also performed a keyness analysis of our corpora to ascertain the position of evidence and obtained the contexts in which it appears. Our analysis reveals that evidence is more frequent in our corpus of ORRs than in general and academic corpora, which highlights its importance in the evaluation of research. Our exploration of its contexts of use show that it reflects the concern of the medical academy for evidence appraisal in state-of-the art medicine.

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Wisthaler, A., E. C. Apel, J. Bossmeyer, et al. "Technical Note: Intercomparison of formaldehyde measurements at the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 8 (2008): 2189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2189-2008.

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Abstract. The atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at the Research Centre Jülich was used to test the suitability of state-of-the-art analytical instruments for the measurement of gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO) in air. Five analyzers based on four different sensing principles were deployed: a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS), cartridges for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization followed by off-line high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, two different types of commercially available wet chemical sensors based on Hantzsch fluorimetry, and a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). A new optimized mode of operation was used for the PTR-MS instrument which significantly enhanced its performance for online HCHO detection at low absolute humidities. The instruments were challenged with typical ambient levels of HCHO ranging from zero to several ppb. Synthetic air of high purity and particulate-filtered ambient air were used as sample matrices in the atmosphere simulation chamber onto which HCHO was spiked under varying levels of humidity and ozone. Measurements were compared to mixing ratios calculated from the chamber volume and the known amount of HCHO injected into the chamber; measurements were also compared between the different instruments. The formal and blind intercomparison exercise was conducted under the control of an independent referee. A number of analytical problems associated with the experimental set-up and with individual instruments were identified, the overall agreement between the methods was fair.

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Dorskii, Andrei Yur'evich, and Aleksandr Andreevich Dorskii. "Information confrontations in the Russian football industry: the case of Alexei Matyunin." Litera, no. 2 (February 2025): 184–95. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2025.2.73311.

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This research focuses on information confrontations, typically analyzed as a political processes or phenomena. Concurrently, the struggle for influence, though inherently political, on another subject renders information confrontations prevalent even beyond the confines of strictly political domains. This article analyzes the information confrontation within the Russian football industry, in which the football federation is a participant. Such cases are relatively rare. A detailed examination of confrontation between the football federation and an individual (a football referee) reveals key patterns of such a confrontation and explains the relative scarcity of information about football federations confrontations compared to those occurring between football clubs. The authors develop the hypotheses about rare participation of football federations in these confrontations. The authors performed a content analysis of some media publications pertaining to the Matyunin’s case. As such, Championat.com, the most popular online media outlet in Russia during the unfolding of the confrontation under study, and Sport-Express, the most cited newspaper in the sports industry, were chosen. Analysis of a specific case, first and foremost, indicates that confronting the football federation is not a viable strategy, primarily due to the pre-existing inequality of involved parties’ capabilities. Those lower in the hierarchy have limited options for opposing their superiors. This principle extends to the application of information confrontation techniques; those in more advantageous positions typically command greater access to and proficiency in utilizing communication channels. The analysis crucially reveals that subjective factors, most notably, but not limited to, the personalities of the participants, significantly influence information confrontations. Participants are required to conduct a preliminary analysis of the circumstances before initiating this type of confrontation.

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Sujarwo, Sujarwo. "Sosialisasi Rules of the Game: Isu-Isu Terbaru Aturan Permainan Bola Voli." Empowerment : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 02 (2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/empowerment.v4i02.4525.

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Community service, in this case volleyball coaches throughout Indonesia, regarding the latest volleyball game rules is needed by coaches to always update information and try to adapt to the exercises and strategies that will be applied in their team. The purpose of community service is to provide information and increase knowledge to volleyball coaches about the latest rules in volleyball games. Community service using the online method with the Zoom Meeting application. Participants in this community service activity are volleyball coaches throughout Indonesia, totaling 32 people. The service material is delivered by a national referee who already has an official refereeing license. The target of service is to increase the knowledge of the trainers of the activity participants about the latest game rules. The measurement of the increase in knowledge is measured by calculating the difference in the mean of the results of the pretest and also the results of the posttest of community service activities. The results of community service showed an increase in the mean pretest mean: 79.67 and the average posttest result: 87.09, the average increase in the coach's knowledge of the latest volleyball game rules was: 7.42%. The coach's knowledge of the rules of the volleyball game must continue to be improved, because the faster development of volleyball affects the rules of the volleyball game. AbstrakPengabdian pada masyarakat dalam hal ini pelatih bola voli di seluruh Indonesia tentang peraturan permainan bola voli yang terkini sangat dibutuhkan oleh pelatih untuk selalu update informasi dan berusaha menyesuaikan dengan latihan dan strategi yang akan diterapkan dalam tim mereka. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan kepada pelatih bola voli tentang aturan terbaru dalam permainan bola voli. Pengabdian masyarakat menggunakan metode daring dengan aplikasi Zoom Meeting. Peserta dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelatih bola voli di seluruh Indonesia, berjumlah 32 orang. Materi pengabdian disampaikan oleh wasit nasional yang sudah memiliki lisensi perwasitan resmi. Target pengabdian terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan pelatih peserta kegiatan tentang aturan permainan yang terbaru. Pengukuran peningkatan pengetahuan diukur dengan perhitungan dan perbedaan mean rerata dari hasil pretest dan juga hasil posttest kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan peningkatan rerata mean pretest: 79.67 dan hasil rerata posttest: 87.09, peningkatan mean rerata pengetahuan pelatih tentang aturan permainan bola voli terbaru sebesar: 7.42%. Pengetahuan pelatih tentang aturan permainan bola voli harus terus ditingkatkan, karena perkembangan bola voli yang semakin cepat mempengaruhi aturan permainan bola voli.

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Gorbunov-Possadov, Mikhail Mikhailovich. "Online bibliographic reference." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 11 (2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2020-11.

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HK., Prasad, and Akshay Kumar AV. "Flipkart Customers' Satisfaction of Online Shopping with Reference to Bengaluru City." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 2 (2019): 221–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3575343.

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Online shopping or e-shopping is a method of electronic commerce which permits consumers to directly purchase goods and services from a seller through internet using web browsers. The development of online shopping has opened door of chance to offer a competitive advantage over  rms. Online shopping has developed in popularity over many years mainly because people discover it convenient for the comfort of their home and workplace. Thus, the study aims to look at the buyer satisfaction towards on-line purchasing from  ipkart. The study emphases on online shopper’s preferences, customer satisfaction and their problems on Flipkart online shopping marketers. The study is grounded on both primary and secondary data. Likert’s  ve point scale and Convenient Sampling technique were utilized in this study for choosing the samples and also the sample size for the study was seventy. With a view of examining the data through percentage analysis. Research  ndings from the paper will be bene cial to understand the customers’ level of satisfaction on basis of the product further as websites practiced by many shoppers.

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Christofoletti, Rogério. "O que pensam os jornalistas brasileiros sobre a transparência das suas práticas?" Revista FAMECOS 28, no. 1 (2021): e40656. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2021.1.40656.

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Neste artigo, apresentamos elementos da percepção dos jornalistas sobre a transparência em sua profissão. Os dados referem-se ao contexto brasileiro e foram colhidos em 2020, por meio de um inquérito online, obtendo 353 respostas de todas as regiões do país. O questionário abordou impressões, atitudes e condições ambientais, no que se refere a comportamentos e disposições de maior abertura sobre a prática profissional. Este artigo se detém sobre a fração das questões (Q1-Q17) que ajuda a compor uma percepção corporativa sobre a transparência, explorando opiniões sobre os pares e sobre as próprias atitudes. Entre outros aspectos, os resultados revelam contradições entre as representações que os jornalistas fazem de si mesmos e suas práticas cotidianas. Eles se veem mais transparentes do que mostram seus gestos, o que permite entrever alguma indisposição para abertura da profissão ao público. Traços de uma cultura profissional decantada, entre outros fatores, ajudam a justificar tais comportamentos.

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Prasetyo, Yudik. "Building immunity and investing value of Pancasila through archery Covid-19 in pandemic time." MEDIKORA 19, no. 2 (2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v19i2.35122.

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Increasingly sophisticated technology, such as the emergence of online games, will have a negative impact on children in their active awareness. This study aims to determine the immunity and inculcation of Pancasila values through archery. This research is a mixed-method with a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population used was all children who took part in archery training in the West Sleman region, with a total sample of 50 people. Immunity data collection techniques using questionnaires, and Pancasila values using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that archery was practiced by children 3 times per week on a regular basis, while still meeting health protocols, the basic archery techniques used, archery distances of 15 m, 20 m, and 25 m on the immune response of 48 children ( 96%) is in a good category, 2 children (4%) are in enough category, while providing an understanding of the values of Pancasila when archery is carried out provides strengthening and perceived benefits such as (1) the awareness of the child praying before starting archery practice, (2) help each other when there is a missing arrow, and the archery remains in the shooting line, (3) work hand in hand and have a strong spirit of unity, (4) convey opinions to the Coach or Referee according to the regulations, (5) take turns equitably in archery according to the time provided. Based on the results of this study, it can be interpreted that archery can build immunity and provide an understanding of the values of Pancasila so that it is not only physical but also the noble values of Pancasila contained in it. Membangun imunitas dan menanamkan nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui olahraga panahan di masa pandemi Covid-19 AbstrakTeknologi yang semakin canggih seperti banyak munculnya game online, akan memberikan dampak negatif bagi anak-anak dalam kesadaran aktif bergerak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui imunitas dan penanaman nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui olahraga panahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian campuran (mixed methods) dengan perpaduan pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua anak-anak yang ikut latihan panahan di Wilayah Sleman Barat, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Teknik pengambilan data imunitas dengan angket, dan nilai-nilai Pancasila menggunakan observasi, wawancara yang mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa olahraga panahan yang dilakukan oleh anak-anak sebanyak 3 kali per minggu secara teratur, dengan tetap memenuhi protokol kesehatan, teknik dasar panahan yang digunakan, jarak memanah 15 m, 20 m, dan 25 m pada respon imun sejumlah 48 anak (96%) dalam kategori baik, 2 anak (4%) kategori cukup, sedangkan pemberian pemahaman nilai-nilai Pancasila pada saat olahraga panahan dilakukan memberikan penguatan dan manfaat yang dirasakan seperti: (1) kesadaran anak berdoa sebelum mulai latihan panahan, (2) saling membantu saat ada anak panah yang hilang, dan memanah tetap berada di shooting line, (3) saling bahu-membahu dan memiliki jiwa persatuan yang kuat, (4) menyampaikan pendapat kepada Pelatih atau Wasit sesuai peraturan, (5) bergantian secara adil dalam memanah sesuai waktu yang disediakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa olahraga panahan dapat membangun imunitas dan memberikan pemahaman pada nilai-nilai Pancasila, sehingga tidak hanya fisik saja yang diperoleh tetapi juga nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila yang terkandung di dalamnya.

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O’Kane, Paul. "Six thousand masks for one imposter." Journal of Writing in Creative Practice 14, no. 2 (2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jwcp_00021_1.

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Having recently given, and published in Third Text referee journal and Third Text Online, a series of articles on mask, class and carnival, I was recently invited to write a text to accompany an exhibition relating to masks. Mask, Masque, Masc was a group exhibition hosted online between 14 and 31 May 2020. It was curated by Marc Hulson, Alessandra Falbo and Rolina E. Blok, and hosted by Five Years and Darling Pearls & Co at Platforms Project Net 2020 (see: <uri xlink:href="http://www.fiveyears.org.uk/archive2/pages/277/Masc_Mask_Masque/277.html">http://www.fiveyears.org.uk/archive2/pages/277/Masc_Mask_Masque/277.html</uri>. Accessed 28 July 2021). This article is a transformed version of that text, edited and extended to suit this journal and the requirements and suggestions of the journal’s reviewers. <roman>It starts out with an epigraph taken from Nietzsche, followed by two quotes from Walter Benjamin that relate writing playfully to ‘magic’. It later turns towards a conclusion with two more fulsome quotes from F.W. Nietzsche, which</roman> dispute the priority of truth and claim that every word is a mask. The piece aims to encourage and support newcomers to writing, as well as non-native speakers and those from less privileged backgrounds; any and all of whom might nervously feel that their own writing is in some way illegitimate. I draw upon my experience as an arts lecturer and arts writer, as the article becomes an example of an autobiographical strain in my work that uses first-person narratives to explore ways in which writing, education (in general) and art education (in particular) might contribute to or help us negotiate class consciousness and cultural barriers. The article discusses ways in which new technologies invite and allow new voices to gain confidence in writing, and also alludes to ‘masks’, ‘imposters’ and ‘imposter syndrome’ (initially nominated as a feminist concern). It attempts to help and to advise aspiring writers by ‘dis-spelling’ myths of writing as transcendent, privileged and thereby socially divisive, and promotes the idea of writing as a material process (no less ‘magical’ for that) open to all. Interestingly, the title of this article alludes to its own word count, and thus the title had to be changed each time the article was edited and as it grew into the approximately 6,000-word essay it is now. As well as being, in this and other ways, self-reflexive and self-conscious, the writing becomes self-deconstructive towards its conclusion, tugging at a certain ‘masc’-ulinity concerning the sources and motivations for the writing and of the author that might otherwise remain masked to the author. This allows the piece to end by extending the implications of a purported écriture feminine to become an encouragement to more and different ‘others’ to find a way, and to find their way, to and through writing, meanwhile expanding on the many ways in which we might deploy a new-found freedom to write according to the model of words as masks, of writing as a masque and of the author as masked.

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Barbosa Lemos, Ariane. "Modo online ativado:." Revista Internacional de Folkcomunicação 19, no. 43 (2021): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/rif.v.19.i43.0009.

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Este artigo apresenta levantamento sobre a realização de eventos audiovisuais realizados na modalidade virtual, devido à pandemia de Covid-19. O recorte refere-se ao contexto brasileiro, mais especificamente a projetos culturais sediados em cidades do estado de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2020. A principal técnica de coleta de dados empregada foi a disponibilização de um formulário virtual, contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas. Participaram do estudo sete dos onze projetos culturais selecionados para a amostra. Os achados podem ser relacionados a três frentes: (1) desafios de adaptar toda a programação idealizada para o formato presencial e ofertada na modalidade virtual; (2) ganhos de acesso remoto de novos públicos; (3) tendência para edições futuras em um formato híbrido.

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Dr., Manish Kumar Srivastava, and Atul Kumar Srivastava Mr. "Online Food Delivery: Study with Special Reference to Food Aggregators." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 04, no. 03 (2021): 322–25. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v4-i3-15.

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Technology has emerged as one of the factors which are affecting every business throughout the world. It has changed business practices throughout the world. The service industry is hugely affected by the use of technology. The Food and Restaurant Industry is also started making efficient use of technology. In recent times, consumers have shown an inclination towards ordering foods from hotels and restaurants and having them at the convenience of their homes. Due to this online food delivery has emerged as a fast-growing services sector. In this paper, an attempt has been made by the authors to identify the preferred food aggregators operating in the Indian online food delivery market and to find the major reasons behind ordering food through these food aggregators

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N, Gunasekaran, and Ramya A. "Consumer Behaviour of Online Shopping with Special Reference towards Krishnagiri District." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 6, S1 (2018): 126–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1461458.

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Online shopping plays great importance in the modern business environment. Online shopping has opened the door of opportunity and advantage to the firms. This paper analyzed the different issue of online shopping. Online shopping involves no travel, product carrying or restriction on online shopping hours, offering easy accessibility, convenience and time-saving. This paper also identifies the problem faced by consumers when they want to accept internet online shopping. Like the impossibility of product testing, problems with complaints, product return and misuse of personal data are the main uncertainties regarding online shopping. The study provides insights into consumers online shopping behaviors and preferences. Findings revels that online shopping brings optimum convenience to the consumers.    

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Ismail, Lizah. "Bloom’s Literary Reference Online." Charleston Advisor 15, no. 1 (2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.15.1.12.

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Sheret, Larry. "Credo Online Reference Service." Charleston Advisor 19, no. 1 (2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.19.1.14.

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Logan, Elisabeth. "Managing online reference service." Information Processing & Management 23, no. 1 (1987): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(87)90041-0.

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Thomas, Ann. "Evaliuating The Effectiveness Of Online Payment System : Special Reference To Bangalore." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 3 (2025): 3069–74. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0325.11126.

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Dr., S. Shanmugapriya, and Pratheepa S. "CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE PURCHASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WOMEN DRESS AND COSMETICS (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLLACHI TALUK)." International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education 3, no. 1 (2018): 166–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1170820.

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The customer usage and satisfaction of online purchases with special reference to women dress and cosmetics. The main aim of the study to analyze the women customers satisfaction level in online shopping of women garments and cosmetics. The research study consists of both primary and secondary data. The primary data have been collected with the help of structured questionnaire. Secondary data for the study were collected from the books, journals, research, articles, magazines, report newspaper and websites. The total sample size 120 respondents were selected for the study using. The outcome of the study This study focus to attempt significance on various personal details like age, gender, marital status, educational qualification, area of residence, occupation, type of family, number of members in family, monthly income and customer satisfaction changes according to the advanced technology, fashion and price of the product.

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Amruta, S. S., and S. Charulatha. "Influence of Online Advertising in Formation of Attitudes – A Study with Reference to Indian Consumers." Recent Trends in Androids and IOS Applications 5, no. 2 (2023): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845327.

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<em>For a long time, scholars have been exploring the efficacy of different advertising mediums. Studies have found that consumer attitude towards advertisements has a direct correlation to its effectiveness. These attitudes are shaped by the individual's beliefs about online advertising and can be estimated using various dimensions of those beliefs. This leads to the concept of advertising value, which functions as a go-between for predicting attitudes. The advertising value model proposed by Ducoffe [11] has been tested in this paper for Indian online advertising. A structured questionnaire with a non-disguised agreement range of strongly disagree to strongly agree and six questions about the participants' demographic profiles was used to collect data from 200 Indian customers as part of a descriptive study methodology. To determine how advertising value affected the relationships between the variables (Informative, Entertainment, and Irritation) and the criterion, regression analysis was used. (Attitude towards online advertising). Consumer attitudes in India towards online ads were found to be positively impacted by information and entertainment while negatively impacted by annoyance. This research sheds light on the factors that predict customers' attitudes towards online advertising in India as well as the role that a mediating variable plays in those predictions. It should be noted that the results cannot be generalized due to the sample size being limited and the sample not being a true representation of the population due to convenience sampling.</em>

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Dr. R. Ganapathi, Dr R. Ganapathi. "Impact of Online Marketing on Customers with Special Reference to Coimbatore City." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2012): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jul2012/6.

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Biagini, Mary Kay, Nancy Suvak Erwin, and R. C. Palmer. "Online Reference and Information Retrieval." Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 29, no. 2 (1988): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40323574.

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Vacher, Aimeric. "L’esplumoir virtuel : Online Reference Book." Questes, no. 2 (December 15, 2002): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/questes.2839.

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Anderson, Barbara E. "Ready Reference Using Online Databases." Reference Librarian 6, no. 15 (1987): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v06n15_23.

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Sennema, Greg. "Managing the reference desk online." Reference Services Review 31, no. 3 (2003): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00907320310486854.

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Dudley, Edward, and Bob Duckett. "Book Review: Oxford Reference Online." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 34, no. 3 (2002): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096100060203400306.

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Guillot, Ladonna, Beth Stahr, and Louise Plaisance. "Dedicated Online Virtual Reference Instruction." Nurse Educator 30, no. 6 (2005): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006223-200511000-00007.

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Tenopir, Carol. "Online reference and information retrieval." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, no. 2 (1990): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199003)41:2<152::aid-asi14>3.0.co;2-0.

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Hurd, Julie M. "Online reference & information retrieval." Information Processing & Management 21, no. 4 (1985): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(85)90065-2.

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Pomerantz, Jeffrey. "Virtual reference services: Evaluation of online reference services." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 34, no. 2 (2008): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bult.2008.1720340206.

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Figueiredo, Frederico, Joaquim Jorge, Frank Hanisch, and Colleen Case. "Refereed digital publication to support online communities." International Journal of Web Based Communities 6, no. 1 (2010): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwbc.2010.030017.

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S, Vignesh. "A Study on Online Shopping Awareness with Special Reference to Dharmapuri Town." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 6, S1 (2018): 227–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419446.

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  The  online  shopping  developing  of  marketing  is  evaluating  rather  than revolutionary. There is no single answer to the question of what is online marketing the buying and selling activity are throw the internet, the buyer and seller are not to meet that even both person in any place. Marketing ended an ancient it has been that able to see that product, only to know that price value and to know that quality and color and acceptance only to know that the consumer.   The batter system in global level of marketing because internet is on worldwide level coverage, Demand creation time also should be available on product in any place and any were and then to paying on payment on money through only in online based like has on line banking, the bank also free that transactions to their online consumer.   The terms of online shopping including buying things through online but also searching for the term online. In other words, I may have been engaged in online shopping  but  did  not  buy  anything.  Online  shopping  has  been  around  for  about twenty-five years. It has grown in popularity significantly.

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Dr. L. Shanthi, Dr L. Shanthi, and Dr M. Vanishree Dr. M. Vanishree. "A Study on Customer Awareness of Online Shopping with Reference to Palakkad City." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2012): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/81.

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Liu, Xiuwei. "A Research on the Development of Credit from P2P Online Lending Reference Perspective." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 7 (2016): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sjahss.2016.4.7.2.

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Gowdham, Senthil, D. Divya Prabha Dr., V. B. Mathipurani Dr., and Selva Krishna S. "ANTECEDENTS OF ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education 5, no. 1 (2019): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2619324.

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The e-Commerce sector has seen unprecedented growth in 2014. The growth was driven by rapid technology adoption led by the increasing use of devices such as smartphones and tablets, and access to the internet through broadband, 3G, etc, which led to an increased online consumer base. Furthermore, favoured demographics and a growing internet user base helped aid this growth. In terms of highlights, the growth shown by home grown players such as Flipkart and Snap deal and the huge investor interest around these companies displayed the immense potential of the market. The conclusion is that based on the customers perception towards service provided by the companies Flipkart has the highest priority to the service provided and the priority can be given by the customers to purchase their products in this website.

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Ferreira, António Manuel dos Santos, Fernanda Principe, Henrique Pereira, Isabel Oliveira, and Liliana Mota. "COVimpact: pandemia COVID-19 nos estudantes do ensino superior da saúde." Revista de Investigação & Inovação em Saúde 3, no. 1 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37914/riis.v3i1.80.

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Enquadramento: no contexto de emergência de saúde pública internacional por SARS-CoV-2, a suspensão das atividades letivas presenciais criou uma disrupção ao regular funcionamento das instituições de ensino superior com impacte na comunidade académica. Objetivo: avaliar o impacte da pandemia COVID-19 no percurso académico e de vida dos estudantes e sua satisfação com as medidas adotadas. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório. Recolha de dados por questionário online, com questões centradas nas condições para o ensino à distância, nas vivências dos estudantes e no impacte e satisfação com o Plano de Contingência. A amostra não probabilística e de conveniência. Análise estatística dos dados de acordo com a natureza das variáveis. Resultados: participaram 264 estudantes com idade média de 28,2±10,2 anos. No geral, referem muito boas condições em casa para concretização do ensino à distância (X=4,4±0,67,2−5). A maioria (79,2%, n=209) refere ter participado nas atividades não presenciais após a ativação do Plano de Contingência. Da análise do impacte verificam-se níveis de adequação muito elevados das plataformas educativas. Constata-se também, uma elevada satisfação com a informação fornecida. Conclusão: as medidas adotadas foram adequadas tendo contribuído para reduzir o impacte do COVID-19 no processo de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação dos estudantes.

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B, Eswaran. "A Study on Customers’ Preference towards Online Food Orders with Reference to South Chennai." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (2020): 4849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201584.

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Lakshmi, V., and A. Saranya. "A Study on Consumers Satisfaction towards Online Shopping with Special Reference to Tirupur City." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 12 (2022): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr221218202118.

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Havener, W. Michael. "Online Ready Reference in the Classroom." Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 29, no. 4 (1989): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40323601.

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Spink, Amanda. "Mediated Online Searching and Digital Reference." Reference Librarian 38, no. 79-80 (2002): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v38n79_05.

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Boulanger, Mary. "Online Services at the Reference Desk." Reference Librarian 6, no. 15 (1987): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v06n15_26.

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Kurniasih, Nuning, Edwin Rizal, Yunus Winoto, et al. "Online Media as a Movie Reference." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1114 (November 2018): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1114/1/012087.

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