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Ungar, Rachel, Lizi Wu, Karen Keown, James Schaeffer, and Ellen Wicker. "ONLINE MINDFULNESS PROGRAM FOR LONELY OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.660.
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Abstract Mindfulness meditation is a cognitive state of self-awareness that promotes emotional regulation and change in self-perspective. Mindfulness has been applied to address loneliness, stress, and anxiety, demonstrating consistent health benefits. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of an online mindfulness program and to measure its impact on well-being among lonely older adults. The intervention consisted of seven one-hour weekly online modules led by a trained facilitator via WebEx. Engagement was high with 63% of participants attending four or more sessions. Pre/post survey data (N=42) found decreased anxiety, stress, and improvement in mindfulness, purpose in life, and resilience. This program demonstrates that online mindfulness programs may be of great benefit for lonely older adults. Future research will include larger samples to investigate further impacts.
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Sanchez, Ruth, Hannah Kay, Pooja Srikanth, Lyndsey Sandow, and Michelle Zhang. "Health Behaviors and eHealth Literacy Among Older Adults, HINTS 2019." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.730.
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Abstract With rapid shifts in how health information is reported and consumed, providers and patients must consider their electronic or “eHealth” literacy. The purpose of this study was to analyze how older adults (age 60+) seek health information in the context of online and offline resources and how eHealth literacy correlates with health behaviors. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 2,587 U.S. older adults drawn from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) Iteration 5 Cycle 3. Weighted descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the association between CDC-recommended health behavior guidelines on produce consumption and exercise, eHealth literacy, and sociodemographics. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted with STATA 16.0 to assess the relationship between healthy behaviors and eHealth literacy controlling for sociodemographics. The weighted sample reported the following demographic characteristics: average age 71 years (range 60-98), 53.6% female, 73.8% White, 9.7% Black and 8.6% Hispanic. Of older adults, 26.7% performed 2 or more health behaviors regularly. Among older adults, those who have looked up medical information using electronics are 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 2.58) times more likely to meet 2 or more CDC-recommended health behavior guidelines as compared to those that have not, after controlling for survey group, education, race/ethnicity and gender. Access and utilization of online resources among older adults may influence their health behaviors and health outcomes. Providers should consider the eHealth literacy of their older adult patients and direct them to appropriate and reliable online resources.
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Xie, Bo, and Kristina Shiroma. "ASIAN OLDER ADULTS’ ONLINE AND OFFLINE HEALTH INFORMATION PREFERENCES AND BEHAVIORS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1535.
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Abstract Older adults living in Asia or of Asian origin have unique preferences for information that require special attention. This symposium focuses on the health information preferences and behaviors of Asian older adults. Song et al. investigated the relationship between Internet use and perceived loneliness among Older Chinese using from survey data collected in the 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a national study involving 12,400 households in Mainland China. Multiple regression results suggest that older Chinese Internet users perceived significantly less loneliness compared with their age peers who were non-Internet users. Zhang et al. investigated the role of information and communication technologies in supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related knowledge seeking among older Chinese with HIV. Their cross-sectional survey data were collected from 2012 to 2013 in Guangxi, China. The results suggest that less than 5% of the participants sought HIV-related information via computers. Patients less knowledgeable about ART were more likely than those more knowledgeable to consult medical professionals about the disease via cell phones. Shiroma et al. report findings of a systematic literature review conducted in spring 2019 that examined Asian ethnic minority older adults’ preferences for end-of-Life (EOL) information seeking and decision making. The results suggest Asian ethnic minority older adults are understudied in the literature on EOL information and decision making, especially in terms of their unique cultural contexts. Du et al. examined how health information obtained from different types of social networks affect osteoporosis self-management behaviors among older White and Asian women.
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Kim, Joonhyeong Joseph, Young-joo Ahn, and Insin Kim. "The effect of older adults’ age identity on attitude toward online travel websites and e-loyalty." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, no. 11 (November 13, 2017): 2921–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2016-0232.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the effect of age identity on attitude to online sites, examine the impact of this attitude on e-loyalty and investigate the moderating effect of motivational orientation. Design/methodology/approach A survey was distributed to an online panel consisting of US-based adults older than 50 and usable data were collected from 284 participants, followed by an analysis using structural equation modeling. Findings Psychological and social age negatively influenced older adults’ attitude toward travel websites. Recreation-oriented motivation influenced the effect of online attitude on e-loyalty more strongly than did task-oriented motivation. Originality/value Unlike previous studies, the current study provided several managerial implications for e-marketers intending to attract older adults by adopting the multidimensional scale of age identity to predict older adults’ online attitude.
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Kim, Insin, Eunji Han, Eunkyung Joo, and Junhyung Kim. "Older Adults’ Travel Website Usage and Their Wellbeing Perception." International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijbamr.2017.3.1.17.
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Abstract—This study attempts to identify the impacts of older adults’ innovativeness on parasocial interaction, and examine the linkage between PSI and well-being perception. The 201 U.S. elderlyparticipated in survey conducted from online research survey firm. The conceptual suggested model was tested by the data collected from users of travel websites. The results found thatinnovativeness negatively influenced on PSI. Furthermore, older adults’parasocial interaction was found to generatetheir well-being perception. Managerial and academic implications and direction of future research were provided.
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Pelssers, Johan, Emalie Hurkmans, Jeroen Scheerder, Norbert Vanbeselaere, Steven Vos, Tim Smits, and Filip Boen. "Acting One’s Age in Physical Exercise: Do Perceived Age Norms Explain Autonomous Motivation Among Older Adults?" Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2016-0290.
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Background: The social identity approach proposes that the more older adults identify with the social group of “older adults,” the more they will conform to what they perceive as being normative exercising for their group. However, so far, it remains unclear why older adults adhere to these norms. Objective: This study evaluated whether perceived exercise norms are associated with higher levels of autonomous motivation according to the self-determination theory and actual exercise participation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, either by regular mail or online, was conducted among 409 older adults in Flanders (Belgium). Results: Our analyses revealed that older adults who perceived more positive older adult norms for exercising were more autonomously motivated to exercise. In explaining 24% of their exercise motivation, older adults’ perceptions of the exercise norms for older adults predicted 6% of their exercise participation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that social identity approach and self-determination theory can be meaningfully integrated.
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Nguyen, Minh Hao, Amanda E. Hunsaker, and Eszter Hargittai. "DIGITAL INEQUALITY IN OLDER ADULTS’ ONLINE SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3353.
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Abstract The increasing popularity of social media and other online communities offers new possibilities for older adults to stay socially connected. This study examines the relationship of older adults’ online social engagement and bonding as well as bridging social capital based on a survey of over 1,000 adults aged 60 and over. Social bonding refers to support obtained from existing strong social ties while social bridging is creating connections across varied social networks. We estimated three multi-stage regression models to examine these relationships when controlling for sociodemographic factors, as well as Internet experiences and skills. We then extended the regression models with Internet skills as a moderator. Findings show that older adults who engage more often in specific online social activities (i.e., asking questions on social media, looking at photos of family members/others) enjoy greater bridging social capital (both in offline and online contexts) than those who do so less often. Furthermore, Internet skills moderate the relationship between online social engagement and social capital. Specifically, older adults with greater Internet skills benefit relatively more from engaging in specific online social activities more often with respect to online social bridging. These results imply that digital inequalities may put older adults who are less skilled in using the Internet at a disadvantage when it comes to building social capital from online social engagement. Thus, while social media has potential positive implications for well-being among older adults, the current manifestation of this does not suggest equitable distribution of those benefits across different older users.
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Sawyer, Jennifer, Jessica H. Helphrey, Leah N. Smith, Ben K. Mokhtari, Allie M. Sandlin, Christopher Reed, Daniel Rodriguez, and Michael D. Barnett. "WHEN GRANDPA SAYS SOMETHING RACIST: THE ROLE OF AGEISM IN YOUNG ADULT RESPONSES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.318.
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Abstract Previous research has found that older adults endorse higher levels of racist attitudes than younger adults. However, little extant research has explored how young adults may respond to an older adult expressing racist views. One factor that may drive young adults’ responses is ageism, particularly stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of changing their views. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ageism and young adults’ likely responses to an older adult relative making a racist statement. College students (N = 110; 75.8% female) completed an online survey in which they were given a scenario in which an older adult relative makes a racist statement and rated how likely they would be to respond in different ways. Factor analysis of the likely response items found four facets: confront, agree, avoid, and leave. Bivariate correlations found that ageism was associated with higher likelihood of agreeing or avoiding, and lower likelihood of confronting the older adult relative. There was no association between ageism and likelihood of leaving the situation. Young adults higher in ageism may be more likely to agree or avoid because of ageist stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of change, and they may be more likely to agree with the racist statement because they may have higher levels of intolerance toward both older adults and other ethnic groups. Ageism may play a role in how young adults respond to older adults expressing intolerant views.
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Weber, Winja, Anne Reinhardt, and Constanze Rossmann. "Lifestyle Segmentation to Explain the Online Health Information–Seeking Behavior of Older Adults: Representative Telephone Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): e15099. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15099.
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Background As a result of demographic changes, the number of people aged 60 years and older has been increasing steadily. Therefore, older adults have become more important as a target group for health communication efforts. Various studies show that online health information sources have gained importance among younger adults, but we know little about the health-related internet use of senior citizens in general and in particular about the variables explaining their online health-related information–seeking behavior. Media use studies indicate that in addition to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors might play a role in this context. Objective The aim of this study was to examine older people’s health-related internet use. Our study focused on the explanatory potential of lifestyle types over and above sociodemographic variables to predict older adults’ internet use for health information. Methods A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of German adults aged 60 years and older (n=701) that was quota-allocated by gender, age, educational status, and degree of urbanity of their place of residence. Results The results revealed that participants used the internet infrequently (mean 1.82 [SD 1.07]), and medical personnel (mean 2.89 [SD 1.11]), family and friends (mean 2.86 [SD 1.21]), and health brochures (mean 2.85 [SD 1.21]) were their main sources of health information. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on values, interests, and leisure time activities revealed three different lifestyle types for adults aged over 60 years: the Sociable Adventurer, the Average Family Person, and the Uninterested Inactive. After adding these types as second-step predictors in a hierarchical regression model with sociodemographic variables (step 1), the explained variance increased significantly (R2=.02, P=.001), indicating that the Average Family Person and the Sociable Adventurer use the internet more often for health information than the Uninterested Inactive, over and above their sociodemographic attributes. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the internet still plays only a minor role in the health information–seeking behavior of older German adults. Nevertheless, there are subgroups including younger, more active, down-to-earth and family-oriented males that may be reached with online health information. Our findings suggest that lifestyle types should be taken into account when predicting health-related internet use behavior.
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Weil, Joyce. "THE SYNERGY OF QUALITATIVE AND MIXED METHODS TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR SENSE OF PLACE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S554—S555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2044.
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Abstract Understanding person-environment fit, or how well older adults’ environment suits their needs, is complex. While all methodological approaches to gain deeper knowledge about fit have great value, the combination of methodologies provides a layered account of the experience of aging in a place, including the people older adults find important. This research found a clear benefit of combining results of 2 focus groups, 85 in-depth qualitative interviews, and 100 web-based surveys to assess how older adults discuss who and what is meaningful to them. Results show the combined benefit of using a qualitative and mixed-method process during the psychometric testing of the Person-Place Fit Measure for Older Adults. Qualitative focus groups and interviews offered additional domains and exact language older adults used to discuss place. Early qualitative phases improved later stages of this research, namely, online testing, reduction of survey items, and psychometric testing of the final quantitative instrument.
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Quittschalle, Janine, Janine Stein, Melanie Luppa, Alexander Pabst, Margrit Löbner, Hans-Helmut Koenig, and Steffi G. Riedel-Heller. "Internet Use in Old Age: Results of a German Population-Representative Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e15543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15543.
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Background The internet has the potential to foster healthy lifestyles and to support chronic disease management. Older adults could benefit from using the internet and other information and communication technology to access health-related information and interventions available online. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing internet use in older and oldest age groups and to determine the frequency of internet use for health-related purposes. Methods Using data from a nationally representative telephone survey of older adults aged 75 years and over, a sample of 999 people was assessed using structured clinical interviews. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Overall, 42.6% (418/999) of participants used the internet. Among those, 55.7% (233/417) searched the internet for health-related information. Regression analyses revealed that internet use was significantly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.92; P<.001), male gender (OR 2.84, 95% CI 2.02-4.00; P<.001), higher education levels (OR 6.69, 95% CI 4.48-9.99; P<.001), a wider social network (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07; P=.01), higher health-related quality of life (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; P=.006), lower levels of depressive symptoms (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99; P=.04), and higher rates of chronic illness (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21; P<.004). Conclusions This study provides population-representative data on internet use in old age in Germany. People in the older and oldest age groups participate in online activities. Understanding the factors that are associated with older adults internet use can contribute to developing tailored interventions and eHealth (electronic health) services to improve well-being in older adults.
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Ghazanfari, Anoosheh, and Jessie Chin. "What Triggers Health Information Search: An Explorative Analysis on the Information Needs, Situations, Technologies, and Habits in Health Information Search Across the Lifespan." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 8, no. 1 (September 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857919081028.
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Given the access to online health information is no longer a problem, continuous growth in health information seeking has been observed. The goal of the study was to explore the triggers, information needs, contemporary technologies and habits of health information search behavior across the lifespan. The population who seeks online health information has increased stably for two decades (Diaz et al., 2002, Tennant et al., 2015). In addition to its prevalence, online health information plays an important role in patient decision-making. Almost half of people who searched for health information online reported that it influenced the way they think about health factors, and more than one third of them said it influenced their decision to see a doctor, or how they managed chronic conditions (Pew Internet Research, 2013). While earlier studies have explored the triggers of online health information seeking (e.g., Flynn, Smith & Freese, 2006), health information seeking behavior may be evolved with the development of new technologies. To explore the triggers of health information seeking across the lifespan, 69 older (mean age = 63.94, 35 female) and 67 younger (mean age = 35.21, 31 female) adults were recruited to a survey study. We found that there was no age difference in the reliance on health information sources. Physicians and the Internet remained the dominant sources of health information, followed by family, friends and pharmacists. Regarding information seeking habits, there was no age difference in the overall frequencies of online health information search despite the fact that more older adults checked health information online daily. Checking medication information was the dominant reason to trigger both younger and older adults to go online, followed by searching online after doctors’ visits, and making treatment decisions. There was also a trend that older users were more likely to go online when they heard about a new or unknown health information compared to younger users. Further, we explored the information needs of online health information search. While older adults were more likely to search for learning new information than younger adults, more younger adults looked up online health information for confirming or clarifying known health information. Taking advantage of social health information, about one half of younger and older adults shared health information online with their family and friends, and went online for checking review comments of medications, healthcare providers, etc. from their peer patients. Further, while desktop computers remained the most used technology for online health information search, an age difference was found in the usage of tablets and smartphones. Older adults used the tablets to do online health information searches more than younger adults; while younger people used the smart phones to do online health information searches more than older people. Overall, we found increasing importance of online health information for adults across the lifespan, especially for older adults who tended to use online information for acquiring new knowledge about health topics. The triggers of online health information seeking were also not only bounded to doctors’ visits but also related to daily health information needs (such as checking medications). Interestingly, the use of tablets for online health information search among older adults could be associated with the perceived ease of use of tablets among older users (portability, bigger font size and the accessibility of interactions) (Jayroe & Wolfram, 2012). As Pew Internet (2017) suggested that over a third of seniors own tablets, when designing elderly-accessible health websites, tailoring the presentation of health information to different media (including tablets) needs to be considered.
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Liang, Wei, Yanping Duan, Borui Shang, Chun Hu, Julien Steven Baker, Zhihua Lin, Jiali He, and Yanping Wang. "Precautionary Behavior and Depression in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Study in Hubei, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041853.
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The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in the risk of death but also augmented the levels of depression in community-dwelling older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of depression in Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine the association of individual precautionary behavior with older adults’ depression levels, and to identify the moderating role of socioeconomic indicators in the aforementioned association. Five hundred and sixteen older adults were recruited from five cities of Hubei province in China. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire survey. Results showed that 30.8% of participants indicated a significant depressive symptom during the pandemic. Older adults’ depression levels differed significantly in marital status, living situation, education level, household income, subjective health status, and infected cases of acquaintances. Precautionary behavior change showed significant inverse associations with older adults’ depression levels, where household income moderated this relationship. This is the first study to investigate the characteristics, behavioral correlates, and moderators of depression among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research findings may provide new insights into interventions and policy-making on individual precautionary behavior and mental health among older adults for future pandemics.
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Inagaki, Asa, Ayumi Igarashi, Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe, Mariko Sakka, Chie Fukui, Taisuke Yasaka, Masumi Shinohara, and Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani. "Physical Restraint of Older Adults at Home: Preliminary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2380.
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Abstract Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and factors of physical restraints among frail to dependent older adults living at home. We conducted an online survey to ask about the physical/mental conditions, demographics, service utilization, and physical restraints of community-dwelling older adults. Either home care nurse or care managers who were responsible for the older adult answered the survey that were conducted at baseline and one month later. We obtained data from 1,278 individuals. Physical restraint was reported for 53 (4.1%) participants. Multiple logistic regression revealed the factors associated with physical restraints at home: having been restrained at baseline, having pneumonia or heart failure, receiving home bathing, or using rental assistive devices were associated with physical restraints at one month. The findings could be used to promote discussion about which services prevent physical restraints and what we should do to support clients and their family to stay at home safely.
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Fu, Liping, and Yu Xie. "The Effects of Social Media Use on the Health of Older Adults: An Empirical Analysis Based on 2017 Chinese General Social Survey." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091143.
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An aging population and social informatization are currently the two main social phenomena affecting China. Under their influences, the real-life experiences of older adults are becoming more and more closely connected to the online world, and the influences of the Internet on healthy aging cannot be ignored. This work aimed to study whether Internet use had an effect on the physical and mental health of older adults, whether the effect was positive or negative, and whether its influence on physical and mental health was heterogeneous. In this study, data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) was used to analyze the effects of social media use on the physical and mental health of older adults. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between social media use and the health of older adults. The correlation between social media use and mental health of older adults was more significant than physical health. These results could help us further study the effects of Internet use on the health of older adults.
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Ray, Hirak, Flynn Wolf, Ravi Kuber, and Adam J. Aviv. "“Warn Them” or “Just Block Them”?: Investigating Privacy Concerns Among Older and Working Age Adults." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0016.
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Abstract Prior work suggests that older adults are less aware of potential digital privacy risks compared to younger groups. We seek to expand on these findings by using drawmetrics with 20 older adults (60+) to visualize their experiences with digital privacy via drawing sessions. We further compared older adults with 20 adults of working age (18-59) with the goal of identifying both overlapping concerns and key differences that may be missed when viewing each group in isolation. We extended our evaluation with a survey with questions and themes derived from open-coding of the drawn images and confirmed three key differences between the age groups. These include older adults perceiving a greater threat from using online banking and e-commerce compared to working age adults, older adults exhibiting greater levels of concern about global scale threats, and working age adults showing more privacy-related concern regarding social media. Our findings can be used to potentially tailor applications to better accommodate privacy concerns for older adults.
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McFarland, Amy, Tina M. Waliczek, Jayne M. Zajicek, and R. Dan Lineberger. "Eating Habits and Knowledge of Nutrition in Older Adults: A Comparison of Gardeners and Nongardeners." HortTechnology 23, no. 6 (December 2013): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.6.843.
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A survey was used to investigate gardeners’ and nongardeners’ nutritional attitudes, fruit and vegetable consumption, and nutritional knowledge. The survey was posted for 4 months on one of the largest online resources for Master Gardeners. During the 4 months, 402 responses were gathered. Additionally, identical “paper/pencil” format surveys were distributed to garden, church, and social and community groups with ≈400 responses received. In each group of participants, respondents differentiated themselves as gardeners or nongardeners by responding positively or negatively to the survey question, “do you garden?” No statistically significant relationships were found relating fruit and vegetable consumption to either income level or educational attainment status in the overall sample. Results indicated statistically significant differences in comparisons between gardeners and nongardeners with regards to nutritional attitudes and their consumption of fruit and vegetables where gardeners had more positive nutritional attitude scores and increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, no statistically significant differences were found between gardeners’ and nongardeners’ nutritional knowledge.
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Kuerbis, Alexis, Katherine van Stolk-Cooke, and Frederick Muench. "An exploratory study of mobile messaging preferences by age: Middle-aged and older adults compared to younger adults." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831773325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317733257.
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Introduction Mobile technologies, such as short message service or text messaging, can be an important way to reach individuals with medical and behavioral health problems who are homebound or geographically isolated. Optimally tailoring messages in short message service interventions according to preferences can enhance engagement and positive health outcomes; however, little is known about the messaging preferences of middle-aged and older adults. Methods Utilizing secondary data, global messaging preferences were examined to inform the development of short message service interventions for adults of all ages. Two hundred and seventy-seven adults were recruited through an online labor market. They completed an online survey by evaluating message dyads in 22 content groupings. Dyads were identical in subject matter but structurally or linguistically varied. Participants selected the message in each dyad they would prefer to receive when attempting to meet a self-selected personal goal. Preferences were tested for two age groups ≤50 and 51 and older. Results Findings reveal adults 51 and older have clear messaging preferences that differ significantly from the younger group for only two content groupings; specifically, they prefer no emoticon to a smiley face emoticon and “you” statements rather than “we” statements. Conclusion Recommendations for optimizing messaging for older adults are reviewed.
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Jung, Eun Hwa, and S. Shyam Sundar. "Status update: Gratifications derived from Facebook affordances by older adults." New Media & Society 20, no. 11 (April 11, 2018): 4135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818768090.
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Guided by the Uses and Gratifications 2.0 approach, this study examines the role played by three classes of affordances (i.e. modality, agency, and interactivity) in explicating the gratifications derived by older adults on Facebook. Data from a content analysis of Facebook profiles and an online survey with older adults (aged 60 years and older) who have used Facebook for at least 1 year ( N = 202) show that while status updating and posting personal stories are associated with activity and community-building gratifications respectively, profile customization is key for obtaining agency-enhancement gratification, and participating in conversations on comment threads plays an important role in providing interaction gratification. These findings advance our understanding of social networking site (SNS) use among older adults and suggest interface designs that maximize gratifications for older adults.
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Ulfers, Sara S., and Christine Berg. "Occupational Therapists With Oncology Exposure: Perceived Needs on Adults and Older Adults With Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairments." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 37, no. 3 (March 29, 2017): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449217698105.
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Cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCI) can limit participation in meaningful activities before, during, and after cancer treatment. This study explored occupational therapists’ perceived knowledge gaps and needs regarding CRCI in adults and older adults. An online survey was sent to a convenience sample of 60 practitioners at facilities throughout the continuum of care and 176 directors and faculty in accredited occupational therapy programs. Using a snowball sampling approach, recipients were asked to forward the survey to other occupational therapists. One hundred seven occupational therapists participated. The majority (92%) responded that it would be beneficial to attend a face-to-face continuing education program; preferences for the content and design of a continuing competency seminar are described. These findings support the development and delivery of continuing competence programs tailored toward occupational therapists’ CRCI knowledge needs.
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Curl, Angela, Helen Fitt, and Melanie Tomintz. "Experiences of the Built Environment, Falls and Fear of Falling Outdoors among Older Adults: An Exploratory Study and Future Directions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041224.
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Falls can have serious impacts on the health, wellbeing and daily mobilities of older adults. Falls are a leading cause of injury and death amongst older adults and outdoor falls comprise a substantial proportion of pedestrian injuries. As well as physical injuries, the psychological impacts of experiencing a fall can result in older adults getting out of the house less often, resulting in lower levels of physical activity and social connection. Despite the known consequences of falls, relatively little research considers the impact of the urban built environment on falls among older adults. This research aimed to explore the experiences of older adults in the urban environment, falling and the fear of falling outdoors. We conducted an online survey with adults aged 50+ using a participatory mapping survey tool and a convenience sample. The study area was Greater Christchurch, New Zealand. Results suggest that both perceived accessibility and neighbourhood conditions are independently associated with fear of falling, after controlling for frequency of falling, gender and activities of daily living. Our findings demonstrate the need for much better understandings of the relationships between the urban environment, outdoor mobility, fear of falling and falling among older adults and we propose suggestions for future research.
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Manchaiah, Vinaya, Monica L. Bellon-Harn, Rebecca J. Kelly-Campbell, Eldré W. Beukes, Abram Bailey, and Ilmari Pyykkő. "Media Use by Older Adults With Hearing Loss: An Exploratory Survey." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_aja-19-00039.
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Objectives There has been a substantial increase in people with health conditions seeking health-related information online. The aim of this study was to examine the media usage by older adults with hearing loss. Method The study used a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 556 older adults with hearing loss (Hearing Tracker website users) completed the survey that was focused on (a) demographic information, (b) general electronic media usage, (c) sources of hearing health information, and (d) social media use for hearing health information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results When seeking hearing health care information, the majority of the participants turned to the Internet (54%) followed by health professionals (34%) as the first response to their symptoms. Both sources were also rated as the easiest means of obtaining hearing health information. The information from health care providers was rated as more reliable and important for decision making than that from the Internet. Facebook and YouTube were the most frequently used social media platforms with over 40% of the respondents using them “most of the time” or “sometimes.” All the social media platforms were rated less favorably than other sources for ease of finding information, reliability, and importance in decision making. Conclusion Older adults with hearing loss use various forms of electronic media for seeking hearing health information. They place the most trust on the information obtained from hearing health care professionals. These professionals need to be aware of the quality of information available on the Internet and social media sources in order to direct patients to credible sources. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12170397
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Hill, Linda, Sara Baird, Jessa K. Engelberg, Jacob Larocca, Uns Alwahab, Jasmine Chukwueke, Anne-Marie Engler, Jana Jahns, and Jill Rybar. "Distracted Driving Behaviors and Beliefs among Older Adults." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 33 (July 11, 2018): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118786245.
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Distracted driving, and especially cell phone use, is a prevalent contributor to crashes. Older drivers have an increased risk of committing safety errors while driving, especially with distraction. The objective of this study was to characterize phone-related distractions in older drivers (age > 65) and identify intervention strategies likely to reduce cell distraction. A 64-question survey was offered online and on paper. A distracted driving scale (DDS) was created by summing responses on 11 distracted driving questions related to phone use (possible score range 0 to 44). Linear regression was performed to identify variables associated with a higher DDS score. A total of 363 older drivers completed the survey; the mean age was 73 and 56% were female. 60% of older adults reported using their cell phone while driving at least some of the time. Participants perceived their own ability as capable or very capable when driving and using: handheld phone (40%); hands-free phone (78%); other tasks (38%) while driving. 32% of older adults who drive minors reported driving while distracted. 30% of those who work felt obligated to take work-related calls. Variables associated with distracted driving include younger age, driving more miles, perceived hands-free skill, smart phone ownership, and being employed or self-employed. State laws and potential loss of insurance coverage with distracted driving were cited as effective penalties. Older adults are engaging in distracted driving, including with minors in the car. Education, state laws, and altering insurance coverage may mitigate this behavior.
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Bopp, Melissa, Cheryl Der Ananian, and Matthew E. Campbell. "Differences in Active Commuting Among Younger and Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 22, no. 2 (April 2014): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2012-0236.
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The demonstrated health benefits of active commuting (AC) and low participation rates among older adults indicate a need to examine the socioecological correlates of AC by age category. An online survey of employed U.S. adults examined AC participation and individual, employment-related, community, and environmental variables. Participants were dichotomized by age (younger: 18–49 yr;n= 638, 64% and older: ≥50 yr;n= 359, 36%). Logistic-regression analyses examined differences in AC correlates by age. Older adults were less likely to be active commuters (13.4%) than younger adults (27.9%;p< .001) For older adults, analyses yielded a NagelkerkeR2= .76, with perceived behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, household cars, and walking distance as predictors. Analyses for younger adults resulted in a NagelkerkeR2= .79, with perceived behavioral control, coworker normative beliefs, parking problems at work, greater employer and community support for AC, and bad weather as predictors. Findings suggest age should be considered when examining and targeting AC behaviors.
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Rajanala, Alekya, Vanessa Ramirez-Zohfeld, Rachel O’Conor, Denise Brown, and Lee A. Lindquist. "Conflicts Experienced by Caregivers of Older Adults With the Health-Care System." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 6 (April 28, 2020): 1130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373520921688.
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Background: Family caregivers of older adults frequently navigate the health system for their loved ones. As older adults experience more medical issues, the interactions between caregivers and the health system can be fraught with conflicts. Objective: To characterize the conflicts that caregivers of older adults experience with the health-care system. Methods: A cross-sectional national online survey with open-ended questions was conducted among family caregivers ascertaining experiences with the health-care system. Qualitative thematic analysis was completed using constant comparative analysis and review by a third author. Results: Over a 2-month period, 97 caregivers completed the survey. Common themes where caregivers experienced conflicts were Difficulty With Accessing/Communicating With Providers, Delivery of Emergency Care, Disjointed Transitional Care, Unaddressed Clinical Concerns, and Financial. Caregivers reported needing to act as patient advocates in the conflicts with the health-care system. Conclusion: Understanding the conflicts that family caregivers encounter with the health system provides potential targets for future interventions to combat the challenges faced by caregivers of older adults and ultimately improve delivery of geriatric care.
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Kullgren, Jeffrey T., Preeti N. Malani, Matthias Kirch, Dianne Singer, Erica Solway, and David A. Hanauer. "Use of Online Physician Ratings and Reviews by Older U.S. Adults: Results of a National Survey." Annals of Internal Medicine 174, no. 8 (August 2021): 1180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m20-7600.
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Dauenhauer, Jason, Kristin Heffernan, Karen Webber, Kari Smoker, Paul Caccamise, and Allison Granata. "Utilization of a forensic accountant to investigate financial exploitation of older adults." Journal of Adult Protection 22, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-01-2020-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of an online program evaluation survey conducted in the USA in 2018 which was designed to understand how members of an enhanced multidisciplinary team (E-MDT) use the expertise of a forensic accountant (FA) in suspected cases of elder financial exploitation. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes responses to an online survey from 54 E-MDT members. Narrative responses to open-ended questions were analyzed by using cross-case thematic analysis. Data from demographic questions and those with nominal response options were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings Overwhelmingly, the E-MDT members described how useful the FA’s expertise and subsequent detailed reports are in helping determine whether financial exploitation is taking place and providing information needed to continue an investigation and pursue criminal charges. Practical implications The increasing longevity and sheer number of older adults present ongoing challenges in the fight to address financial exploitation. Findings suggest that FAs working with E-MDTs can help identify signs, collect evidence and help investigate cases of suspected financial abuse of older adults. The development of training programs focused on educating accountants to fill a need in a growing area of forensic accounting may be needed. Originality/value This paper adds to the growing evidence of multidisciplinary teams as an effective model for investigating cases of financial elder exploitation by focusing specifically on the expertise of an FA.
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Liu, Darren, Taka Yamashita, Betty Burston, and Jennifer Keene. "The Disparities in Accessing Online Health Information and Health Care Utilization Among Older Americans." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1013.
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Abstract Digital divide or unequal access to internet and other technology result in health disparities among older adults. This study examined possible disparities in accessing online health-related technology, and the associations between the online health-related technology use and health care utilization among older adults in the U.S. The data comprised a sample of 1,497 older adults aged 51 and older which were obtained from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS)’s supplemental module (Health behaviors). We used the survey-weighted negative binomial regression and binary logistic regression for the analyses. The results showed that older age, racial/ethnic minorities (e.g., Black and Hispanic vs. Whites & Other), being married, lower educational attainment, lower-income, being uninsured and reporting poorer health were associated with lower utilization of online health-management tools. In Addition, the use of online health-management tools was associated with 34% greater mean number of doctor visits (Incidence-Rate-Ratio = 1.34, S.E. = 0.10, p < 0.05) than non-use. However, the use of online health-management tools was not associated with hospitalization. Indeed, only health care needs - the self-rated health (Odds-Ratio = 0.58, S.E. = 0.18, p < 0.05) and the number of chronic conditions were associated hospitalizations (Odds-Ratio = 1.68, S.E. = 0.07, p < 0.05). More research is needed to clarify the purposes (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and outcomes of health care service utilization within the context of health care technology use. Yet, it is important to proactively address digital divide as one of upstream strategies for reducing health and health care disparities.
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Hees, Elena, Clemens Tesch-Römer, and Oliver Huxhold. "INTERNET USE AND LONELINESS: CURE OR CAUSE? LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF OLDER ADULTS’ INTERNET USE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.051.
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Abstract The internet provides an indispensable platform for social interaction, entertainment and everyday tasks. Especially older adults might benefit from staying engaged online to counteract loneliness. Yet, current research on how internet use effects loneliness still paints a contradictory picture. The current study investigates the longitudinal influence of social internet use forms as opposed to general internet use on loneliness across three years (2014-2017) separately in two age groups (pre-retirement: 40-64 years and post-retirement: 65-85 years), using data from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS). Structural equation modelling shows, that general web use predicts an increase in loneliness in both age-groups. However, contacting friends and family online seems to protect against loneliness over and above the effect of overall internet use, at least for the younger age-group. Therefore, the current study underlines the importance of investigating what exactly people do online instead of seeing the internet as a homogenous tool.
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Weeks, Lori E., Gloria McInnis-Perry, Colleen MacQuarrie, and Sanja Jovanovic. "Insights Into Roles for Health-Care Professionals in Meeting the Needs of Older Adults and Unpaid Caregivers During Health-Care Transitions." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 48, no. 3-4 (November 21, 2016): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562116676579.
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We provided insights from older adults, their unpaid caregivers, and health-care professionals into specific roles for professionals within the health system to better meet the needs of community-dwelling older adults and their unpaid caregivers experiencing transitions between health services. We used a qualitative approach to collect data within one Canadian province from older adults and unpaid caregivers of older adults who participated in focus groups ( n = 98) and professionals working in the health system who participated in an online survey ( n = 52). Questions included experiences with health service transitions, strengths, challenges, and suggestions to improve transitions. Thematic analysis resulted in identifying seven specific roles for professionals in supporting health-care transitions: information and education, planning for future health needs, supporting the acceptance of necessary care, facilitating access to the right services at the right time, facilitating communication between services, facilitating the discharge planning process and advocacy for older adults and unpaid caregivers. Our results based on evidence from older adults, unpaid caregivers, and health-care professionals will inform future research and further development of the instrumental and relational roles for professionals supporting older adults and their caregivers experiencing health-care transitions.
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Ferguson, Claire C., Sean C. Figy, and Natalie A. Manley. "Nursing Home Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (January 2021): 238212052199709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120521997096.
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Objective: To help older adults living in nursing homes (NHs) while educating medical and physician assistant (MD/PA) students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using a multicomponent iterative process, we piloted multiple student led service-learning projects in 2 NHs and 1 hospice agency in the Midwest. Pre-post online student surveys were completed to match student interests with facility needs and to assess learning and obtain feedback regarding their experiences. Results: All 12 interested students completed the initial survey; n = 23 ultimately volunteered (word of mouth); n = 11 (48%) completed the follow-up survey. Opportunities were medical record transfer, grounds beautification, resident biographies, window entertainment, and No-One-Dies-Alone program. Students averaged 9.2 volunteer hours; stated the opportunities were enjoyable, clinically applicable, and socially distanced; and reported learning about unique experiences of older adults in NHs. Discussion: Despite limitations created by the pandemic, mutually beneficial and safe opportunities remain for education in the NH setting.
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Parker, Kelly, Kristi Medalen, Olivia Simonson, and Yeong Rhee. "Older Adult Demographics Unrelated to Alzheimer's Disease Warning Signs." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_061.
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Abstract Objectives To determine whether demographics such as age, race, and gender are related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) warning signs in adults over the age of 50. Methods Adults aged 50+ were asked to complete a survey including: demographics (age, gender, marital status, living situation, race, and education), health, and AD warning signs experienced in the previous year. Surveys were distributed in person and online via social media and email. SPSS 26 was used to run one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlations. Results There was no relationship or difference between any of the demographic variables and warning signs of AD experienced over the previous year. There was a difference between groups based on living situation (F = 3.701 [2, 85], P = 0.029), which disappeared when outliers were excluded. Conclusions There is no significant relationship between the number of warning signs of AD experienced by any demographic variables, including age, when outliers are controlled for, contradicting previous studies that listed age, race, and gender as risk factors. Since demographic data are not related to AD symptoms, it is necessary to include cognitive assessment as part of health screenings for older adults before symptoms impact activities of daily living. Funding Sources None.
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Park, Jee Hoon, KyongWeon Lee, and Holly Dabelko-Schoeny. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of a Lifelong Learning Program." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 84, no. 1 (September 28, 2016): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415016668352.
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Lifelong learning programs meet older adults’ educational needs and further support their health and well-being leading to more successful aging. In particular, university-based lifelong learning programs have provided older adults with opportunities to not only develop skills and knowledge but also expand new social networks with people of different ages. This study evaluated a university-based lifelong learning program, Program 60, to identify the relationships between participants’ experiences in the program and their quality of life. An online survey was employed, and 107 participants completed the self-report survey. The participants reported that classes helped increase their emotional satisfaction and that they enjoyed taking classes with younger students. Their experiences in the program reliably predicted psychological and social elements of their quality of life ( p = .004 and p = .019, respectively). Study results provide helpful information for the development of lifelong learning programs that are responsive to the increasing demands of older adults.
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Yadav, K., V. Boucher, N. Le Sage, C. Malo, E. Mercier, P. Voyer, J. Clement, and M. Emond. "LO61: A modified Delphi study to identify trauma care modifiers for older adults." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S29—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.116.
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Introduction: Older (age >=65 years) trauma patients suffer increased morbidity and mortality. This is due to under-triage of older trauma victims, resulting in lack of transfer to a trauma centre or failure to activate the trauma team. There are currently no Canadian guidelines for the management of older trauma patients. The objective of this study was to identify modifiers to the prehospital and emergency department (ED) phases of major trauma care for older adults based on expert consensus. Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi study to assess senior-friendly major trauma care modifiers based on national expert consensus. The panel consisted of 24 trauma care providers across Canada, including medical directors, paramedics, emergency physicians, emergency nurses, trauma surgeons and trauma administrators. Following a literature review, we developed an online Delphi survey consisting of 16 trauma care modifiers. Three online survey rounds were distributed and panelists were asked to score items on a 9-point Likert scale. The following predetermined thresholds were used: appropriate (median score 7–9, without disagreement); inappropriate (median score 1–3; without disagreement), and uncertain (any median score with disagreement). The disagreement index (DI) is a method for measuring consensus within groups. Agreement was defined a priori as a DI score <1. Results: There was a 100% response rate for all survey rounds. Three new trauma care modifiers were suggested by panelists. Of 19 trauma care modifiers, the expert panel achieved consensus agreement for 17 items. The prehospital modifier with the strongest agreement to transfer to a trauma centre was a respiratory rate <10 or >20 breaths/minute or needing ventilatory support (DI = 0.24). The ED modifier with the strongest level of agreement was obtaining a 12-lead electrocardiogram following the primary and secondary survey for all older adults (DI = 0.01). Two trauma care modifiers failed to reach consensus agreement: transporting older patients with ground level falls to a trauma centre and activating the trauma team based solely on an age >=65 years. Conclusion: Using a modified Delphi process, an expert panel agreed upon 17 trauma care modifiers for older adults in the prehospital and ED phases of care. These modifiers may improve the delivery of senior-friendly trauma care and should be considered when developing local and national trauma guidelines.
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Miller, Julie, Lisa D’Ambrosio, Alexa Balmuth, Samantha Brady, Martina Raue, Taylor Patskanick, John Rudnik, and Joseph Coughlin. "Surviving Together by Staying Apart: How Older Adults Experienced the COVID-19 Crisis." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1559.
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Abstract The repercussions of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) within the United States and across the globe are vast. Researchers at the MIT AgeLab conducted a national online survey (N=1200) related to COVID-19 in March 2020 with the goal of exploring participants’ COVID-19-related attitudes, hygiene and consumer behaviors, and their use of technology to work, make purchases, stay informed, and stay socially connected. In this presentation, AgeLab researchers will describe findings among a sub-population of study participants deemed to be at highest health risks for the virus: adults ages 60 and over. Findings demonstrate that the largest group of participants stayed informed about COVID-19 primarily through online sources. As a result of the virus, most had made changes to their health and hygiene practices, including implementing social distancing measures, and the majority had changed at least one of their purchasing behaviors, most often buying more products than usual online. Second only to participants’ physical health concerns related to COVID-19 were their financial health concerns, both related to near-term finances and longer-term financial goals. From this study, policy and practice implications emerge across public, private, and non-profit sectors that, taken together, can prepare older adults and their loved ones to survive and thrive during global emergencies.
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Yadav, Krishan, Valérie Boucher, Natalie Le Sage, Christian Malo, Éric Mercier, Philippe Voyer, Julien Clément, and Marcel Émond. "A Delphi study to identify prehospital and emergency department trauma care modifiers for older adults." Canadian Journal of Surgery 64, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): E339—E345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.021519.
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Background: Older patients (age ≥ 65 yr) with trauma have increased morbidity and mortality compared to younger patients; this is partly explained by undertriage of older patients with trauma, resulting in lack of transfer to a trauma centre or failure to activate the trauma team. The objective of this study was to identify modifiers to the prehospital and emergency department phases of major trauma care for older adults based on expert consensus. Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi study between May and September 2019 to identify major trauma care modifiers for older adults based on national expert consensus. The panel consisted of 24 trauma care professionals from across Canada from the prehospital and emergency department phases of care. The survey consisted of 16 trauma care modifiers. Three online survey rounds were distributed. Consensus was defined a priori as a disagreement index score less than 1. Results: There was a 100% response rate for all survey rounds. Three new trauma care modifiers were suggested by panellists. The panel achieved consensus agreement for 17 of the 19 trauma care modifiers. The prehospital modifier with the strongest agreement to transfer to a trauma centre was a respiratory rate less than 10 or greater than 20 breaths/min or need for ventilatory support. The emergency department modifier with the strongest level of agreement was obtaining 12-lead electrocardiography following the primary and secondary survey. Conclusion: Using a modified Delphi process, an expert panel agreed on 17 trauma care modifiers for older adults in the prehospital and emergency department settings. These modifiers may improve the delivery of trauma care for older adults and should be considered when developing local and national trauma guidelines.
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Wion, Rachel, Susan Loeb, Jacqueline Mogle, and Donna Fick. "The Development of a Scale to Measure HIV-Prevention Factors in Adults Age 50 and Older." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1614.
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Abstract Adults aged 50 and older are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently, there are no measures specifically aimed at middle-aged and older adults to assess their HIV risk. Existing measures have been created for and mostly tested in adolescent and young adult populations. The purpose of this study was to modify and test existing instruments related to HIV prevention factors with an older adult population. Two rounds of an expert panel (N = 10) review were conducted to assess items from the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale and the Sexual Risks Scale for their applicability to older adults. Any items with content validity at the item level <0.78 were either discarded or modified. New items were also added. The final adapted HIV prevention scale had 31 items and was administered via an online survey. Single adults (N = 252) aged 50 to 85 who had been on at least one date over the past year participated in the study. The HIV prevention scale underwent confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit was estimated using maximum likelihood and standardized estimates were used for factor loadings. The items loaded on eight factors in three models: Model 1 (Mechanics, Advocacy, Intoxicants); Model 2 (Attitudes, Normative Beliefs, Perceived Susceptibility); and Model 3 (Intention, Expectations). There was adequate to excellent model fit. However, there were multiple correlations of error variances suggesting that while the items are appropriate for an older adult population, the scale will need adaptations prior to using for further data collection.
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Katz, Emma, Rachael Spalding, and Barry Edelstein. "Psychometric Properties of the PHQ-9 and CESD-R Depression Measures with Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3258.
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Abstract Our understanding of older adult depression has been impeded by the paucity of assessment instruments with validity evidence for older adults. Therefore, measures of depression that were initially developed for use with younger adults are commonly used with older adults as well, such as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R; Eaton et al., 2004) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). The CESD-R (Jiang et al., 2019; Van Dam & Earleywine, 2011) and PHQ-9 (Indu et al., 2018; Levis, Benedetti, & Thombs, 2019) have strong psychometric support for their use with young adults, and are two frequently used depression measures. In light of age-related differences in the experience and presentation of depression (e.g., Balsamo, et al., 2015; Fiske, Wetherell, & Gatz, 2009; Hybels, Laderman, & Blazer, 2012; Wuthrich, Johnco & Wetherell, 2015), the present study examined the psychometric properties of these instruments with older adults. Two-hundred-and-seventy-seven older adults (ages 65 and older) completed an online survey including the PHQ-9, CESD-R, and instruments measuring several other constructs with anticipated relations to depression (anxiety, general depression, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, personality traits, and satisfaction with life). The relation between the two depression scales and measures of the other constructs were examined. Both the PHQ-9 and CESD-R evidenced good internal consistency reliability (a = .82 and .83, respectively) and strong correlations in anticipated directions with many of the related constructs. These results support the use of the CESD-R and PHQ-9 with community-dwelling older adults.
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Goodridge, Donna. "Planning for Serious Illness amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Nursing Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/427917.
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Older adults have long been encouraged to maintain their autonomy by expressing their wishes for health care before they become too ill to meaningfully participate in decision making. This study explored the manner in which community-dwelling adults aged 55 and older plan for serious illness. An online survey was conducted within the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, with 283 adults ranging in age from 55 to 88 years. Planning for future medical care was important for the majority (78.4%) of respondents, although only 25.4% possessed a written advance care plan and 41.5% had designated a substitute decision maker. Sixty percent of respondents reported conversations about their treatment wishes; nearly half had discussed unacceptable states of health. Associations between key predictor variables and planning behaviors (discussions about treatment wishes or unacceptable states of health; designation of a substitute decision maker; preparation of a written advance care plan) were assessed using binary logistic regression. After controlling for all predictor variables, self-reported knowledge about advance care planning was the key variable significantly associated with all four planning behaviors. The efforts of nurses to educate older adults regarding the process of advance care planning can play an important role in enhancing autonomy.
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Yamashita, Taka, Leah Saal, Roberto Millar, Shalini Sahoo, and Phyllis Cummins. "E-Mail-Related Problem-Solving Behaviors Across Age Groups: An Analysis of Log File Data." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1323.
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Abstract Email is one of the most common and useful online communication tools. However, older adults tend to have difficulties fully taking advantage of email. Organizing the information in the email software environment and sending a message to selected recipients are examples of common email-related problem-solving. To date, little data are available to understand the email-related problem-solving behaviors of older adults. Nationally representative survey data and log-file data of the U.S. adults (n = 1,341) are derived from the 2012 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), which provides computer-based assessment data on problem-solving skills. The PIAAC respondents used the computer device and solved the problems in the simulated email environment. Descriptive summary showed that those 55 years and older took longer (169 seconds), referred to the help menu (15%) and used the cancel button (26%) more often than younger age groups (e.g., age 25-34; 103 seconds, 3% and 17%, respectively) in one of the tasks. Additionally, binary logistic regression showed that taking longer time (odds-ratio = 0.99, p < 0.05) and using the help menu (odds-ratio = 0.85, p < 0.05) were associated with the incorrect answer to the email problem-solving, although the findings varied across different types of problems. These unique findings from the combination of survey and log-file data analyses suggested that some older adults may benefit from the training for common email-related problems rather than teaching themselves. Detailed descriptions of computer-based assessment log file data and other results are also evaluated in this study.
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Dekhuijzen, P. N. Richard, Nicole Hass, Jinming Liu, and Michael Dreher. "Daily Impact of COPD in Younger and Older Adults: Global Online Survey Results from over 1,300 Patients." COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 17, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2020.1788526.
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Ryan, Cormac G., Patricia Schofield, and Denis J. Martin. "Therapy Students’ Recommendations of Physical Activity for Managing Persistent Low Back Pain in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 21, no. 3 (July 2013): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.21.3.309.
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Negative views of older adults can lead to suboptimal care. For older adults with persistent low back pain (LBP), promotion of physical activity by health care professionals is important. Health care professionals’ views of older adults are influenced by their training. This study aimed to compare recommendations for physical activity for managing persistent LBP offered by students in physiotherapy and occupational therapy to an older person vs. a younger person. In a cross-sectional online survey, participants (N = 77) randomly received a vignette of either a 40-yr-old or 70-yr-old patient with persistent LBP. Other than age, the vignettes were identical. There was no difference between the younger and older vignettes in the likelihood of participants making overall appropriate physical activity recommendations—63% vs. 59%, OR (95%CI) = 1.19 (0.48–2.99), p = .71—although there was a trend toward age bias on recommendations specific to daily activity. Postqualification education may be where ageist views need to be addressed.
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Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor, Danielle Lamb, Joseph Barnby, Michelle Eskinazi, Amelia Turner, and Sonia Johnson. "Mental health crisis resolution teams and crisis care systems in England: a national survey." BJPsych Bulletin 42, no. 4 (May 24, 2018): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2018.19.
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Aims and methodA national survey investigated the implementation of mental health crisis resolution teams (CRTs) in England. CRTs were mapped and team managers completed an online survey.ResultsNinety-five per cent of mapped CRTs (n = 233) completed the survey. Few CRTs adhered fully to national policy guidelines. CRT implementation and local acute care system contexts varied substantially. Access to CRTs for working-age adults appears to have improved, compared with a similar survey in 2012, despite no evidence of higher staffing levels. Specialist CRTs for children and for older adults with dementia have been implemented in some areas but are uncommon.Clinical implicationsA national mandate and policy guidelines have been insufficient to implement CRTs fully as planned. Programmes to support adherence to the CRT model and CRT service improvement are required. Clearer policy guidance is needed on requirements for crisis care for young people and older adults.Declaration of interestNone.
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Cooney, Cassandra, Jillian Minahan, and Karen L. Siedlecki. "Do Feelings and Knowledge About Aging Predict Ageism?" Journal of Applied Gerontology 40, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819897526.
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Experiencing ageism has been shown to negatively impact older adults. This study investigated predictors of ageism to examine which are most important in accounting for ageist attitudes. Participants ( N = 419) between the ages of 18 and 86 completed an online survey assessing ageism and several predictors of ageism. Higher levels of anxiety about aging, lower levels of knowledge of aging, and less frequent and lower quality of contact with older adults uniquely predicted ageism beyond the influence of demographic and well-being factors. Anxiety about aging fully mediated the relationship between death anxiety and ageism, and the relationship between attitudes toward own aging and ageism. Moderation analyses showed that knowledge of aging buffered the impact of anxiety about aging on ageism such that low knowledge of aging and high anxiety about aging were particularly impactful in predicting ageism in younger adults, as compared with older adults.
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Thompson, Lena, Emily Henja, Travis Beckman, and Sato Ashida. "Implementation of Disaster PrepWise, an Online Disaster Preparation Tool for Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1557.
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Abstract Older adults are less prepared for disaster situations than younger adults due to expenses, complicated preparation processes, and lack of support. We previously developed and tested a disaster preparedness program for older adults and showed its impact on improving preparedness and personal emergency support network. Using a 5-step community-engaged approach and in collaboration with our Stakeholder Advisory Board (SAB), we adapted this Disaster PrepWise program to an online platform and developed implementation plans within existing community-based service infrastructure. Community engagement processes allowed us to create an online tool that was considered “important” and “useful” by older adults and program deliverers. In terms of reach, 73 potential participants attended an introductory presentation and 47 participated. Those who participated were similar to those who did not in terms of gender and race. Twenty-seven participants completed surveys before and one-month after the program and reported engaging in an average of 2.9 additional recommended behaviors after intervention (t(26)=2.85, p=0.00). The major organizational barrier to adoption was limited staff time. Participating older adults reported adopting what they learned through the program in their daily life. Implementation process data showed multiple modifications made during delivery including delivery of the program in one instead of two sessions. The implementing organization reported their likelihood of maintaining this program within their practice as “extremely likely.” Community-engaged approaches and process data led to an acceptable and useful program and implementation strategies that helped enhance preparedness behaviors among older adults. Future work will focus on program dissemination and larger scale evaluation.
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Tyler, Carmen M., Grace B. McKee, Elisabet Alzueta, Paul B. Perrin, Kristine Kingsley, Fiona C. Baker, and Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla. "A Study of Older Adults’ Mental Health across 33 Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105090.
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Despite older adults’ extremely high vulnerability to COVID-19 complications and death, few studies have examined how personal characteristics and the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the mental health of older adults at the global level. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among demographics, COVID-19 life impacts, and depression and anxiety in adults aged 60 and older from 33 countries. A sample of 823 older adults aged 60–94 and residing in 33 countries completed a 10-min online survey following recruitment from mailing lists and social media. Being separated from and having conflicts with loved ones predicted both anxiety and depression, as did residing in a country with higher income. Getting medical treatment for severe symptoms of COVID-19 and having decreased work responsibilities predicted depression, but adjustment to working from home and younger age predicted both depression and anxiety. Participants from Europe and Central Asia reported higher depression than those from all other regions and higher anxiety than those from Latin America and the Caribbean. The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious deleterious effects on the mental health of older adults worldwide. The current findings have direct implications for mental health services that may be delivered to older adults to help facilitate healthy psychological adjustment.
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Luo, Yunjuan, Yang Cheng, and Mingxiao Sui. "The Moderating Effects of Perceived Severity on the Generational Gap in Preventive Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042011.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults appear to be more susceptible to the coronavirus disease. Although the health stakes are higher for older adults, individuals of all ages should adopt preventive measures to contain the human-to-human transmission of the virus. This study conducted a national online survey of 1843 adults at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. to examine age disparities in preventive behaviors against the virus. The results show that older generations, motivated by a higher perceived severity of the disease, were more likely to take the precautionary actions recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) than younger generations. This thus suggests that persuasive health messages addressing the severity of COVID-19 might reduce the generational gap and promote preventive behaviors among young people, to protect themselves and the elderly.
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Basrowi, Ray Wagiu, Tonny Sundjaya, Deni Krisnamurti, and Bertri Maulidya Masita. "General Practitioners’ Perspective towards Healthy Ageing in Indonesia." Amerta Nutrition 4, no. 1SP (February 5, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i1sp.2020.21-26.
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Background: The rapid ageing population among older adults from 2020 to 2040 has led to an emerging focus as this group begins to experience ageing and has a higher risk of having chronic illness of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is important to provide General Practitioners (GPs) with adequate knowledge and attitude of healthy ageing to ensure the quality of health service among older adults.Objectives: To identify the perspective of general practitioners including the knowledge, attitude and practice towards adult health and nutrition to support healthy ageing in Indonesia.Methods: An online survey was conducted among 100 general practitioners registered at the Indonesian Medical Council (KKI) and domiciled in the Greater Jakarta area and outside the Jabodetabek area. The sample recruitment process was carried out using the Alomedika online application. All data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Almost all (92%) of respondents who took this survey had a supportive attitude in providing additional nutrition to adults to support healthy ageing. About 76% of the respondents did so by recommending milk. However, in terms of knowledge, around 67% of the respondents showed inadequate results, especially about physiological changes that occurred in adults. There is no statistically significant difference between respondents’ demographic characteristics and all perspectives measured in this study (i.e., knowledge, attitude and practice)Conclusions: The study indicates that it is important to educate general practitioners about the healthy aging process in order to maintain general practitioners' attitudes and behavior in health services to support the success of achieving healthy aging in Indonesia.
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Shahan, Mackinsey, Seung Eun Jung, Frankie Palmer, and Amy Ellis. "COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions Affecting Older Adults' Social Interactions and Communication." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab029_048.
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Abstract Objectives Due to increased risk of social isolation caused by COVID-19, this study was conducted to understand changes in health behaviors among older adults, particularly concerning means of social interaction. Methods Community dwelling adults ages 60 and older completed qualitative individual interviews via Zoom and a 24 item online survey, the Questionnaire for Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Older Adults. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results A total of 23 participants completed interviews and 25 completed online surveys. Participants were mainly female (72%), white (96%), with a mean age of 71.96 years. Nineteen (76%) participants were very concerned by the pandemic, and only one participant was not at all concerned. Participants frequently reported more interactions with their immediate family. Only five (20%) reported communicating with close friends and family less often than before the pandemic began. Seven (28%) reported communicating with friends and family more often than before and about half (52%) reported that their frequency of communication was “about the same” as pre-pandemic. Twenty-one (84%) participants communicated with others daily or at least several times per week. However, participants reported less face-to-face interaction and increased use of technology, such as virtual happy hours. All participants stayed in touch with others by phone calls (100%). Other often used means of communication were texting (92%), video calls (68%), email (68%), social media (52%), and postal mail (48%). Participants also reported some social gatherings with individuals bringing their own food and social distancing maintained. Despite this, 16 participants (64%) reported feeling isolated from others sometimes or often. Conclusions Although many older adults have adjusted their usual behaviors to stay in contact with others during the pandemic, this study found that most still felt isolated. Long-term feelings of isolation and lack of social support may compromise nutrition for this population. Therefore, it is crucial that nutrition professionals incorporate aspects of social support when working with these individuals. Funding Sources Julie O'Sullivan Maillet Research Grant Award funded by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation (ANDF).
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Polenick, Courtney A., Emily A. Perbix, Shreya M. Salwi, Donovan T. Maust, Kira S. Birditt, and Jessica M. Brooks. "Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Adults With Chronic Conditions." Journal of Applied Gerontology 40, no. 8 (February 28, 2021): 804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464821996527.
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The COVID-19 pandemic may intensify loneliness among older adults with chronic conditions who are at high risk of severe illness, but little is known about factors associated with loneliness during the pandemic. We considered factors linked to loneliness among 701 adults aged 50 years and older with chronic conditions from Michigan (82.5%) and 33 other U.S. states. Participants completed an anonymous online survey between May 14 and July 9, 2020. About two thirds (66.4%) reported moderate to severe loneliness. The fully adjusted regression model revealed that being a person of color, having a spouse or cohabiting partner, and more emotional support were associated with lower levels of loneliness. Higher anxiety symptoms, more worry about COVID-19 infection, and more financial strain because of the pandemic were linked to greater loneliness. These findings inform strategies to support a vulnerable subgroup of older adults during this pandemic and in future public health crises.