Journal articles: 'Online Translation'

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Wahiyudin, Ummi Nadjwa, and Taj Rijal Bin Muhamad Romli. "Tanslating Malay Compounds into Arabic Based on Dynamic Theory and Arabization Method." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 11, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.111.03.

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This study aims at making possible the effective use of machine translation (MT) in interpreting the Malay compounds into Arabic ones following the structure and Arabic style. The necessity of this study arises on account of the weakness of translation quality using online MT and the lack of suitable methods to structure the compounds from the Malay language into Arabic. There are three objectives of this study which are to collect the results of Malay compound translations using online MT into Arabic, analyze the results of the compound translations, and suggest compound translation methods based on dynamic theory and Arabization method. The study uses three online MT as instruments to translate: Google Translate, Microsoft Bing Translator, and Yandex Translator. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach and analysis method in collecting information and analyzing data. The study focuses on 15 Malay compounds which are later categorized into school names, hospital names, and clinics. The findings of translation have been drawn using the next three MTs and analyzed at three main level: namely grammar level, phonetics and phonology level, and dynamic translation level. From this analysis, 4 out of 15 compound nouns translations data into Arabic are categorized as poor translations for not approaching the structure and Arabic style. In the final stages, the results of the translation collected are formulated and suggested alternative translations based on dynamic theory and methods of Arabization and compound restructuring formula in Arabic. Through this process, the translation results of the compounds can be categorized as translations that can meet the structure and style of the Arabic language. The compound translation model can be proposed as a new translation method for Arabic language users, especially the Arabic translators and students both at school and higher education.

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Wang, Zheng. "Online Information Database - A Useful Tool in Terminology Translation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1171.

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Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. The role of the knowledge base is essential in both comprehension and reformulation. The extent of knowledge acquisitions in each translation depends on the degree to which the translators knowledge base provides the information or knowledge required to deal with the source-language text. Terminology is where most practical problems lie in technical and scientific translation. Generally speaking, translators knowledge base in terminology is inadequate in comprehension and reformulation of terminology. So knowledge acquisition plays an important role in both the comprehension phase and the reformulation phase. This paper mainly explores significant role of information database as a knowledge acquisition tool in terminology translation, one of the most commonly encountered difficulties during technical translation and meanwhile offers useful suggestions of how to use information database and its search result to refine terminology translation

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Ortiz-Martínez, Daniel. "Online Learning for Statistical Machine Translation." Computational Linguistics 42, no. 1 (March 2016): 121–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00244.

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We present online learning techniques for statistical machine translation (SMT). The availability of large training data sets that grow constantly over time is becoming more and more frequent in the field of SMT—for example, in the context of translation agencies or the daily translation of government proceedings. When new knowledge is to be incorporated in the SMT models, the use of batch learning techniques require very time-consuming estimation processes over the whole training set that may take days or weeks to be executed. By means of the application of online learning, new training samples can be processed individually in real time. For this purpose, we define a state-of-the-art SMT model composed of a set of submodels, as well as a set of incremental update rules for each of these submodels. To test our techniques, we have studied two well-known SMT applications that can be used in translation agencies: post-editing and interactive machine translation. In both scenarios, the SMT system collaborates with the user to generate high-quality translations. These user-validated translations can be used to extend the SMT models by means of online learning. Empirical results in the two scenarios under consideration show the great impact of frequent updates in the system performance. The time cost of such updates was also measured, comparing the efficiency of a batch learning SMT system with that of an online learning system, showing that online learning is able to work in real time whereas the time cost of batch retraining soon becomes infeasible. Empirical results also showed that the performance of online learning is comparable to that of batch learning. Moreover, the proposed techniques were able to learn from previously estimated models or from scratch. We also propose two new measures to predict the effectiveness of online learning in SMT tasks. The translation system with online learning capabilities presented here is implemented in the open-source Thot toolkit for SMT.

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Ordanovska, Oleksandra, and Alexander Iliadi. "FEATURES OF COMPUTER TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE INTO UKRAINIAN (on the example of texts on physics and engineering mechanics)." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2019, no. 29 (November 2019): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-15.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the quality of computer translation of scientific texts that today is very relevant because of intensive progress and mass using of the Systems of Computer Aid Translation. The research aim was the analysis and comparison of computer translations of English texts on physics and engineering sciences into Ukrainian with using Pereklad.online.ua, Google Translate, PROMT, Pragma. The quality comparison of the texts' computer translations took place according to the parameters taking into account syntactic features, technical adaptation of the text, and correct use of terminological vocabulary. As a result of the research it was found that Google Translate translations which are based on the statistical (phrase-based) method turned out to be better. Google Translate translations took into account the syntactic features of the text and made a little of errors in grammatical forms; the technical adaptation of the text was carried out (the use of correct mathematical records of decimal fractions, signs of mathematical actions, transliteration of units of measurement; equivalent terminological vocabulary was used etc.) unlike another online translators' translations. The following Google Translate translations were improved due to the built-in translation memory system. At the same time the analysis of the Google Translate translation of the text on physics that used terms without unambiguous equivalents in Ukrainian has showed the inability of the online translator to perform the contextual translation. So computer translators can only play a supporting role and be used as the primary translator of standard scientific and technical texts.

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Larsonneur, Claire Béatrice. "Online Translation Pricing Issues." Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció, no. 16 (December 3, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.210.

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McDonough Dolmaya, Julie, and María del Mar Sánchez Ramos. "Characterizing online social translation." Translation Studies 12, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2019.1697736.

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Meshcheryakova, Elena, and Julia Meshcheryakova. "Professional translation competence in advanced training process." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900077.

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The authors regard the technology for the translating competence improving within the training framework at the Institute of Foreign Languages. This article analyzes the basics for creating an online teaching course in order to progress translating skills seeing those as general professional training elements. The authors give a detailed overview of main translating professional competences, including their structure and classification, the ones needed to be improved in the professional development process. The system development aspects of translation competence enhancement are specified. The content and structure of appropriate translation skills and the abilities development program are considered. The authors analyzed a variety of skills technologies for developing translating skills. Professionally oriented translation skills are detailed as the translator development program components. The exercise typology used in teaching translation is considered. Some types of sample exercises for practical translation skills laboratory classes are given.

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del Mar Sánchez Ramos, María. "Mapping new translation practices into translation training." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 5 (December 4, 2019): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00114.san.

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Abstract Crowdsourcing and collaborative translation, activities emerging on the translation scene recently, are playing an increasingly important role in the world of professional translation and in the localization industry. This article focuses on a study carried out to analyze the perception of a group of translator trainees regarding these new translation practices. A total of 20 undergraduate students participated in the research and were asked to perform a collaborative localization task using an online collaborative platform. Data subjected to a quantitative and qualitative analysis suggest that online collaborative translation tasks enhance students’ motivation towards collaborative translation and help consolidate their technical knowledge about specific localization tools and files.

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SEKUŁA, Justyna. "ŹRÓDŁA WIEDZY TŁUMACZA W PRZEKŁADZIE NIEMIECKIEGO WYROKU SĄDOWEGO A POPRAWNOŚĆ TRANSLATU." Comparative Legilinguistics 31 (February 15, 2018): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.31.7.

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This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the use of selected sources of the knowledge of translator (dictionaries, parallel texts and online resources) in translation, the results of the experiments in the scope of specialized translation teaching and the practical implications resulting for carrying out classes of specialist translations and educating translators of the ability to make effective use of the available sources of knowledge when trans-lating legal texts ‒ court judgments.

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Mastropierro, Lorenzo, and Kathy Conklin. "Racism and dehumanisation in Heart of Darkness and its Italian translations: A reader response analysis." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 28, no. 4 (November 2019): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947019884450.

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This article presents the results of a reader response study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and two of its Italian translations. Specifically, data from an online questionnaire are used to test whether English and Italian readers respond differently to the potential racist implications of the fictional representation of the African natives. Whereas one translator removes completely all occurrences of nigger( s) and negro, the other adds additional uses of the slurs which are not present in the original. We explore with empirical methods whether these translational alterations have an effect on the readers’ perception of dehumanisation, discrimination and racism in the text, comparing responses to each translation with responses to the original. Our findings not only show evidence of significant differences in the responses between one translation and the original but also suggest that other linguistic and extra-linguistic factors could be influencing readers’ response. With this article, we aim to contribute to the under-researched application of reader response approaches to translation studies.

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Rasul, Sabir. "Responding to Students’ Errors in Online Practical Translation Classes." Journal of University of Human Development 7, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v7n3y2021.pp82-91.

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In practical translation classes it is inevitable that students make translation errors. Making errors is in fact a characteristic of translation training process, and the role of the teacher is to respond and offer timely and appropriate correction/feedback so that students are able to differentiate between correct and erroneous translations. Training students to develop the ability to produce correct and accurate translation is part and parcel of any practical translation classes. This paper, which has a pedagogical nature, investigates the treatment of students’ errors in online practical translation classes. It extends the area of ‘responding to errors’ to translation studies, on the one hand, and to online classes, on the other hand. Following Thompson’s (2007) model of responding to errors, the paper attempts to find out when and how teachers respond to translation errors made by students in online English-Kurdish practical translation classes. The results show that the teachers respond to the vast majority of translation errors occurred in the course of the online classes. In terms of time, the teachers never interrupted students instantly but waited until the end of translation units or utterances and then responded to the errors. In terms of the method of responding, the results revealed that the teachers mostly focused on meaning and used various techniques of error responding, including students’ involvement and offering their own corrections (with or without feedback). These results, coupled with critical comments provided, are hoped to offer useful insights to would-be translation teachers and trainers to better understand how and when to respond to students’ errors in online practical translation classes.

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Xu, Mianjun, and Caiwen Wang. "Translation students’ use and evaluation of online resources for Chinese-English translation at the word level." Translation and Interpreting Studies 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2011): 62–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.6.1.04xu.

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This empirical study is aimed to investigate how translation students in Chinese universities are introduced to, use, and evaluate online resources in Chinese-English translation. One hundred translation students were randomly selected from a leading foreign languages university in China and were asked to complete a questionnaire. It was found that: (1) translation students now rely more on electronic resources than non-electronic ones in their translation practice, the underlying reason being convenience rather than accuracy; and (2) with online resources, translation efficiency is improved. It is hoped that the current study will fill, to some extent, the research gap in the application of online resources in translation practice, and therefore shed some new light on translator training.

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Setya Putri, Dina Cahya Restu. "THE VALIDITY OF TENSES IN TRANSLATION BETWEEN USING ONLINE AND MANUAL TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH STUDENTS 2017-B OF STKIP PGRI JOMBANG." JURNAL EDUKASI: KAJIAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN 5, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51836/je.v5i1.118.

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Translation has always been the core of the controversy on whether it can be a valid and effective tool in foreign language learning. Translation is a language learning activity considered appropriate in the context of foreign language learning (Brown, 2002). The aim of the study is how to know most effective in translation, google translation or manual translation. The participant are 2017-B students (8 females and 2 males) learning grammar. Their background knowledge would help them to effectively acquire manual translation and based knowledge during online translation help their learning outcomes. The sig value is 0,006 < 0,05 it means that; Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. Which mean that there is significant different in student translate with manual translation and using online translation. So, the student has more easy understanding with the online translation. Based on the result of the table about the score with analyze using SPSS in T-Test student on average get better score in online translation. It means that error tenses or the validity tenses more accurate with online translation. Base on the result of this research we can see that online translation is more valid when translating, but manual translation can also produce better translated results if we add to our background knowledge we can see that still many student can not understand about the material in prepositional grammar.

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Formiga, Lluís, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Lluís Màrquez, Carlos A. Henríquez, and José B. Mariño. "Leveraging Online User Feedback to Improve Statistical Machine Translation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 54 (September 28, 2015): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4716.

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In this article we present a three-step methodology for dynamically improving a statistical machine translation (SMT) system by incorporating human feedback in the form of free edits on the system translations. We target at feedback provided by casual users, which is typically error-prone. Thus, we first propose a filtering step to automatically identify the better user-edited translations and discard the useless ones. A second step produces a pivot-based alignment between source and user-edited sentences, focusing on the errors made by the system. Finally, a third step produces a new translation model and combines it linearly with the one from the original system. We perform a thorough evaluation on a real-world dataset collected from the Reverso.net translation service and show that every step in our methodology contributes significantly to improve a general purpose SMT system. Interestingly, the quality improvement is not only due to the increase of lexical coverage, but to a better lexical selection, reordering, and morphology. Finally, we show the robustness of the methodology by applying it to a different scenario, in which the new examples come from an automatically Web-crawled parallel corpus. Using exactly the same architecture and models provides again a significant improvement of the translation quality of a general purpose baseline SMT system.

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CAMPBELL, DERMOT F. "Delivering an online translation course." ReCALL 16, no. 1 (May 2004): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344004000916.

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This presentation is a discursive treatment of the migration of a classroom based translation class to online delivery using the Virtual Learning Environment WebCT. The main focus is not on the VLE itself, but on the pedagogical challenges posed by the move to online delivery and the course structure developed to retain as many of the advantages of face-to-face delivery as possible. Key to this is the use of an innovative colour-coding system of error analysis combined with constructivist comments designed to promote reflection on the translation process. The application of colour-coded feedback to categories relevant to translation training is flexible and can be adapted to other disciplines where essay-type answers are appropriate and differentiated comment by the tutor is expected. Since translation is a process-heavy activity rather than content rich, special attention has been paid to pedagogical considerations. Emphasis is also placed on using the VLE to build up a durable learning resource. The advantages and weaknesses of both forms of delivery are compared.

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Bestué, Carmen, and Mariana Orozco. "Online training in legal translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 62, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 470–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.3.06bes.

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In 2010 the first fully online Masters Degree on Translation and Interpreting in the USA was launched, and it included Legal Translation as a subject. The authors of this paper were in charge of designing the contents of this subject, creating the didactic materials to be used and actually teaching the subject. In this paper the authors explain how the curriculum was designed, the criteria developed to create the didactic materials and how it actually worked in a very specific context as is the University of Texas at Brownsville, set next to the border between Mexico and the USA, where most of the students are bilingual and have a background of Mexican and American cultures which create an unique environment of legal cultures mediation.

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Leone, Leah. "The Online Literary Translation Workshop." Translation Review 92, no. 1 (May 4, 2015): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2015.1094434.

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Chweh, C. "Global communication through online translation." IEEE Intelligent Systems 13, no. 4 (July 1998): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5254.708425.

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Guénette, Marie-France. "Agency, Patronage and Power in Early Modern English Translation and Print Cultures: The Case of Thomas Hawkins." TTR 29, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051017ar.

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At the English court of Queen consort Henrietta Maria (1625-1642), translation was used as a political tool, partly to impose the queen’s linguistic, cultural and Catholic heritage on Calvinist England. The queen played a pivotal role as a patron of the arts and an agent of Anglo-French cultural relations, and many translators dedicated texts to her in the hopes of winning her favour. This article focuses on “translating agents” (Buzelin, 2005), i.e. translators, printers and patrons, operating in the political, religious and literary networks in and around the Queen’s court. My research draws on scholarship on the cultural and ideological aspects of translation in Stuart Court culture and builds on recent studies on the intersection between translation and print in early modern Europe. I study patterns of patronage, literary production, and text circulation; and I probe the political, social, religious, and print networks involved in the production of translations associated with the Queen’s court, and extending well beyond its social or geographical boundaries. I examine translations using digital catalogues (Early English Books Online,Renaissance Cultural Crossroads,Cultural Crosscurrents in Stuart and Commonwealth Britain), and conduct paratextual analyses of translations dedicated to Henrietta Maria. In this article, I study translator Thomas Hawkins by using data fromSix Degrees of Francis Baconand theOxford Dictionary of National Biography. Hawkins was a key translating agent who operated in transnational Catholic print networks and whose translations of Jesuit Nicolas Caussin’sLa Cour Saintefound their way into social and literary networks around the Queen’s court. I situate Hawkins in the political and ideological contexts of the time and show how he promoted Catholic devotional literature in his capacity as agent of translation, culture and ideology. Hawkins’s case illustrates how agency, patronage and power come together in early modern England’s culture of printed translations.

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Lei, Pei Hua. "Information Technologies and Translation Instrumental Competence." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1303.

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This paper outlines the types of information technologies applied to translation today and translation sub-competences. A study was made in which students were motivated to participate in building DIY corpus based on a given task and to solve the problems in their former translation. It was found that students instrumental competence was improved in recognizing, evaluating, and utilizing information technologies in solving real translation problems, and that their other translation sub-competences could be acquired when translating a real world task in highly contextualized teaching environment. The purpose of the study is to showcase the necessities of including the revising skills required for online machine translate into instrumental competence of language learners at undergraduate level and the possibilities and limitations of online machine translation system when translating Chinese texts into English.

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Gärtig-Bressan, Anne-Kathrin. "Übersetzen in philologischen Studiengängen. Bestandsaufnahme und neue Ansätze für die Übersetzung Italienisch-Deutsch." Lebende Sprachen 64, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 474–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2019-0024.

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Abstract Using the example of Italian-German translation at departments of Romance languages, this article offers a snapshot of the current role of translation and its didactics in language studies in the German-speaking countries. The lecturers of the individual institutes were invited to take part in an online survey on the organisation and position of the translation courses in the curricula, on the content and methodological orientation of their own courses and on their own background. The results are incorporated into the old discussion on the subject of translating and acquiring translational skills in foreign language teaching. The article concludes with some ideas to integrate the findings of translation science and a reflection on learning objectives into a future conception of translation courses.

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Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil. "The Namesake in Persian." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 54, no. 2 (June 19, 2008): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.54.2.03had.

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Translation and literary translation in particular, no longer can be seen as a static activity. In Austermühl’s words, the antiquated image of a lone translator, armed only with a pencil or typewriter and surrounded by dusty books, is no longer realistic. The translators are now learning to apply the new communication technologies like Internet in their work. The web log as a recent phenomenon in the cyber world can be applied in literary translation. However, it has been overlooked in translation studies, partly, in author’s opinion, because of its novelty but to large extend, because of its popularity as a platform or a personal diary for the novice bloggers, the authors of the web logs. In this article, the application of a web log by an Iranian literary translator in his Persian translation of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake is examined. By providing examples of the discussions between the translator and his visitors (readers), and by incorporating the web log in a model of translation studies, The Holmes–Toury map of translation studies, he tries to pinpoint the advantages of web log in literary translation in respect to its application as an online translation workshop. The author argues that the web log can be thoroughly applied in literary translation provided that the translator optimizes the quality of his web log or workshop by acknowledging the growing importance of new technologies available for him; and making informed decisions for the effective use of translation technology. What distinguishes the online translation workshop from its traditional one is its round-the-clock opening, facilitated interaction with the translator, absence of any formal setting and formality and instant access to available sources in Internet. The application of weblogs as an online workshop has some advantages for the literary translator: acting as a mediator between the translator and his potential readers; sharing the experiences, problems and seeking advice; and, creating a virtual, universal world around the translation which is bigger than his small, personal world.

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Chochiang, Kitsiri, Thanakrit Thongkhamdee, and Lalita Sathansat. "Translation Quality Assessment of Online Translation Systems in Translating English to Thai on Phuket Tourism." Journal of Computer Science 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2020.1535.1545.

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Marie, Benjamin, and Atsushi Fujita. "Synthesizing Parallel Data of User-Generated Texts with Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translation." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (November 2020): 710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00341.

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Neural machine translation (NMT) systems are usually trained on clean parallel data. They can perform very well for translating clean in-domain texts. However, as demonstrated by previous work, the translation quality significantly worsens when translating noisy texts, such as user-generated texts (UGT) from online social media. Given the lack of parallel data of UGT that can be used to train or adapt NMT systems, we synthesize parallel data of UGT, exploiting monolingual data of UGT through crosslingual language model pre-training and zero-shot NMT systems. This paper presents two different but complementary approaches: One alters given clean parallel data into UGT-like parallel data whereas the other generates translations from monolingual data of UGT. On the MTNT translation tasks, we show that our synthesized parallel data can lead to better NMT systems for UGT while making them more robust in translating texts from various domains and styles.

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Shen, Tian. "Crowdsourcing and Online Collaborative Translations: Expanding the Limits of Translation Studies." Australian Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2018.1439251.

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Nurjanah, Ratih Laily, and Deswandito Dwi Saptanto. "Online Machine Translation: The Students’ Perspective during Quarantine Period Learning Activity." CLLiENT (Culture, Literature, Linguistics, and English Teaching) 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/cllient.v2i1.1264.

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The role of internet nowadays leads to the increase of online translation usage. The online translation offers various kinds of machine translation besides the-popular- Google Translate. The purpose of this research is to determine the students’ perspective on online machine translation they can easily found on internet related to the learning process on translation study during the quarantine period.. The research questions are; 1) What are the good sides of using online machine translation? 2)What are the shortages of using online machine translation? 3)How does online machine translation help students during learning activities on quarantine period? Online machine translation is automated translation or “translation carried out by a computer” with the internet connection. The subjects of this study were 6th semester students at English Literature Department of Universitas Ngudi Waluyo who had taken subjects related to translation. The research was conducted by delivering survey with google form to gather students’ perspectives. From the results, it is concluded that students were familiar with Google Translation as the online machine translation. Students stated that online machine translation often gives ambiguous translation. The use of online machine translation is helpful especially in terms of saving time. In conclusion, to keep up with the development of digital era, students need to be introduced to various online machine translation to help them work faster and keep improving their translation skill to back up the defects of online machines translation.

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Mei, Zhongwei. "A Study on Simulating Crowdsourcing Translation in Flipped Classroom." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 08 (August 1, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i08.7143.

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As IT dramatically revolutionizes the world; many visionaries have introduced many new pedagogical methodologies and technologies over the years. Present translation teaching was hindered by the teacher-centered mode, while flipped classroom meets the challenges of IT revolution well. Crowdsourcing, as an emerging business mode in the era of internet+, builds up the problem solving strength of the public, is the trend of the times. Likewise, crowdsourcing translation subverts the traditional translation mode. This mode is based on network technologies, translating and proofreading jobs are handed over to volunteers via internet, and the jobs are completed on the wisdom of the masses, which inspires us to try a novel translator training approach. This paper proposes the novel approach to train market-oriented translators via simulating crowdsourcing translation model (CTM) in the “flipped classroom”, and analyzes the effects of the effects of the pedagogical reform. The study is of great significance for translator training and online learning.

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Bilic, Viktorija. "The online computer-assisted translation classroom." International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research 12, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12807/ti.112201.2020.a08.

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Gould, Rebecca. "World Literature as a Communal Apartment: Semyon Lipkin's Ethics of Translational Difference." Translation and Literature 21, no. 3 (November 2012): 402–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2012.0090.

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Semyon Lipkin (1911–2003) was one of the Soviet Union's most productive and visionary translators. In addition to introducing Russian readers to Persianate literary traditions and to the oral epics of the indigenous peoples of Central Asia and the Caucasus, he produced original literary works inspired by his translating activities. At considerable political risk to himself, Lipkin activated translation's potential to stimulate cultural change. He countered the ethnic nationalism that dominated Soviet policy with an ethics of translational difference. This essay shows how Lipkin's approach to translation relates to his vision of world literature. A translated extract from Lipkin's autobiography, provided in a supplementary file online, gives his own account of his tribulations and accomplishments.

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Guangjun, Wu, and Zhang Huanyao. "Translating political ideology." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 394–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua.

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Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators’ priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.

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Jassem, Krzysztof, and Tomasz Dwojak. "Statistical versus neural machine translation – a case study for a medium size domain-specific bilingual corpus." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0018.

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Abstract Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has recently achieved promising results for a number of translation pairs. Although the method requires larger volumes of data and more computational power than Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), it is believed to become dominant in near future. In this paper we evaluate SMT and NMT models learned on a domain-specific English-Polish corpus of a moderate size (1,200,000 segments). The experiment shows that both solutions significantly outperform a general-domain online translator. The SMT model achieves a slightly better BLEU score than the NMT model. On the other hand, the process of decoding is noticeably faster in NMT. Human evaluation carried out on a sizeable sample of translations (2,000 pairs) reveals the superiority of the NMT approach, particularly in the aspect of output fluency.

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Emzir, Emzir, Ninuk Lustyantie, and Akbar Akbar. "TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TASKS INTO INDONESIAN THROUGH ONLINE MACHINE TRANSLATION PROGRAM." IJER - INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 4, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijer.04.01.10.

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The objective of this research is to obtain a deep understanding about the online machine translation of graduate students in the Language Education Doctoral Program of State University of Jakarta, Indonesia, from source language to target language in order to achieve equivalence in the subject of Language Translation and Education. The approach used is qualitative approach with ethnography method. The translation process is conducted by writing down words or copying-pasting sentences to be translated and then those words/sentences will be automatically translated by machine translation. A repetitive edit, revision and correction process shall be first performed in order to get an optimum result i.e. translated sentences are equal in textual and meanings. The deviations occur due to inaccurate equivalents caused by different cultures between the source language and target language as well as the scope of translated language scientific field. The used strategy is a literal translation. Based on the research results, the translation of English tasks to Indonesian through the online translation program is very useful to facilitate the students’ lecturing process in completing their tasks.

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Zaman, Mochamad Nuruz. "ID<>EN TRANSLATOR VS GOOGLE TERJEMAHAN: BIAS GENDER DALAM ALAT BANTU ELEKTRONIK PENERJEMAHAN DALAM JARINGAN." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v12i1.7386.

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ID <> EN Translator vs Google Translation: Gender Bias in Electronic Translation Tools Online. This study investigates the gender bias expression of the pronoun “dia (pronoun of Indonesia language)” that does not refer yet the absolute gender either man or woman in the translation online tools of android play store. This study was designed descriptive qualitative with purposive sampling. Data collection is done by analyzing documents, namely analyzing data related to gender bias in the object of study. The results showed that negative meanings for men were less than positive. Negative meaning for women is more than the positive meaning.

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Kristjanson, Gabrielle. "Meaning in (Translated) Popular Fiction: An Analysis of Hyper-Literal Translation in Clive Barker’s Le Royaume des Devins." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t94k9s.

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Most translation theorists agree that source text fidelity results in a translation that aptly transmits the foreign cultural values and meaning embedded within the source language to a target culture. While the preservation of foreignness might be beneficial for the propagation of international artistic diversity, when translating works of popular fiction, domestication is key to a novel’s successful incorporation into the target literary system. In popular fiction translation, the goal is accessibility rather than artistic influence or cultural exchange, yet the necessary domestication can be problematic. This article examines the reception of the English-to-French translation of an epic fantasy novel by Clive Barker. Online reviews written by the French-speaking readership describe the translated text as aberrant of Barker’s oeuvre and incomprehensible. While it may be easy to dismiss this translation as yet another example of poor translation practices, knowing that the translator, Jean-Daniel Brèque, is an award-winning translator and that he has translated many works by other popular artists such as Stephen King and Dan Simmons points the blame elsewhere. An analysis of Jean-Daniel Brèque’s translation of Weaveworld reveals the detrimental effect that strict adherence to the source text can have on the reception of popular literature in translation and affirms that domestication is necessary to transform the source text into a version digestible and understandable by the target audience.

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O'Neill, Errol M. "Measuring the Impact of Online Translation on FL Writing Scores." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 46, no. 2 (November 27, 2016): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v46i2.8560.

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Online translation (OT) sites, which automatically convert text from one language to another, have been around for nearly 20 years. While foreign language students and teachers have long been aware of their existence, and debates about the accuracy and usefulness of OT are well known, surprisingly little research has been done to analyze the actual effects of online translator usage on student writing. The current study compares the scores of two composition tasks by third- and fourth-semester university students of French who used an online translator, with or without prior training, to the scores of students who did not use OT. Students using an online translator did not perform significantly worse those not using the translator on either task. In fact, students who received prior training in OT outscored the control group overall on the second writing task. Additionally, students using the online translator received higher subscores on one or both writing tasks for features such as comprehensibility, spelling, content, and grammar. The results of the current study are discussed in detail; implications for the foreign language classroom are presented; and avenues for future research are proposed.

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Rodiyah, Siti. "Representing translation procedures in translated Indonesian cultural terms into English of online news media." ELT Forum: Journal of English Language Teaching 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/elt.v9i2.39047.

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Translating cultural terms needs proper procedures since each of culture has linguistics elements to be expressed between one language to other ones. Problems then may appeared in understanding cultures. It should do not be a big deal, because understanding cultures of one language to other ones can be easily resolved by translation and its proper procedures. Qualitative approach with content analysis used in this study to observe (1) The Indonesian Cultural Terms which those are translated into English on the Jakarta Post’s (JP) Online News and (2) The translation procedures used in replacing the Indonesian Cultural Terms into English. Based on the data analysis, 21 cultural terms found in this study as the data. First, the translated Indonesian cultural terms into English on the JP’s Online News are categorized into material, ecology, habit and festival. Second, the translation procedures used in replacing Indonesian cultural terms found in this study are couplets, single procedures that have been used such as literal translation, transference or loan word plus explanation, and translation by a more general word. There are many studies applied to observe translation and cultures on artworks of literature or cultural terms in any object from English into Indonesian language. While this study also concerns on both issues, culture and translation but it represents Indonesian Cultural Terms translated into English and the translation procedures used in replacing the Indonesian cultural terms in order to at least acknoledging Indonesian cultures through news widely.

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Dorado, Carles, and Pilar Orero. "Teaching Audiovisual Translation Online: A Partial Achievement." Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/pst013.0.

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Dorado, Carles, and Pilar Orero. "Teaching Audiovisual Translation Online: A Partial Achievement." Perspectives 15, no. 3 (August 2007): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802153988.

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Tokuda, N., and Liang Chen. "An online tutoring system for language translation." IEEE Multimedia 8, no. 3 (2001): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/93.940000.

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ANAZAWA, RYOKO, HIRONO ISHIKAWA, MJ PARK, and TAKAHIRO KIUCHI. "Online Machine Translation Use With Nursing Literature." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 31, no. 2 (February 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nxn.0b013e3182701056.

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Ahmad Abdel-Hafez Mahmoud, Hanan, and Mohamed Elsayed Hussein NourEldin. "Using an Online Collaborative Translation Technique to Develop English Majors’ Translation Competence and their Attitudes towards Online Collaboration." المجلة التربوية لکلية التربية بسوهاج 91, no. 91 (November 1, 2021): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edusohag.2021.189156.

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Reis, Fabíola Do Socorro Figueiredo dos, Izabela Guimarães Guerra Leal, and Christiane Stallaert. "Traduções colaborativas: o caso das fanfictions." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 71, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2018v71n2p93.

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This article presents the results of a research on voluntary and collaborative translation of fanfictions (stories written by fans), which have figured with higher incidence on the Internet in recent years. Although the collaborative translation is not a new phenomenon and has been documented in the history of translation in Western and non-Western cultures, it gains new dimensions in the digital era. Two fanfictions (named “Palavras com Estranhos” e “Palavras com Amigos”) translated by an online group of 33 Brazilian translators reveal some features of the process of collaborative translation on the Internet. The research reveals the collective character of the online translation practiced by non-professional female translators. Our analysis highlights the chainwork of such a practice, the interaction between translators and readers, and the process singled out by this dual interaction on one hand, between translators themselves and, on the other hand, between translator and reader.

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Ye, Yanping. "Translation Mechanism of Neural Machine Algorithm for Online English Resources." Complexity 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5564705.

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At the level of English resource vocabulary, due to the lack of vocabulary alignment structure, the translation of neural machine translation has the problem of unfaithfulness. This paper proposes a framework that integrates vocabulary alignment structure for neural machine translation at the vocabulary level. Under the proposed framework, the neural machine translation decoder receives external vocabulary alignment information during each step of the decoding process to further alleviate the problem of missing vocabulary alignment structure. Specifically, this article uses the word alignment structure of statistical machine translation as the external vocabulary alignment information and introduces it into the decoding step of neural machine translation. The model is mainly based on neural machine translation, and the statistical machine translation vocabulary alignment structure is integrated on the basis of neural networks and continuous expression of words. In the model decoding stage, the statistical machine translation system provides appropriate vocabulary alignment information based on the decoding information of the neural machine translation and recommends vocabulary based on the vocabulary alignment information to guide the neural machine translation decoder to more accurately estimate its vocabulary in the target language. From the aspects of data processing methods and machine translation technology, experiments are carried out to compare the data processing methods based on language model and sentence similarity and the effectiveness of machine translation models based on fusion principles. Comparative experiment results show that the data processing method based on language model and sentence similarity effectively guarantees data quality and indirectly improves the algorithm performance of machine translation model; the translation effect of neural machine translation model integrated with statistical machine translation vocabulary alignment structure is compared with other models.

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Ziemann, Zofia. "Translator Profile in the Discourse around Translation: Promotion and Reception of the English Translations of the Fiction of Bruno Schulz." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 58 (December 22, 2018): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i58.111682.

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The paper discusses the role of (perceived) translator profile in the current promotion and reception of three competing English translations of fiction by the modernist Polish-Jewish author Bruno Schulz (1892–1942): Celina Wieniewska’s 1963/1978 canonical version, John Curran Davis’s ca. 2005–2010 online fan retranslation, and Madeline Levine’s retranslation, publicized since 2012 and forthcoming in 2018. Based on a para- and extratextual analysis of the discourse around these versions, combined with archive research into translator history, it explores the ways in which the translator’s profile is used to promote the translation and develop or support opinions about it. Wieniewska’s personal background, difficult to access due to the invisibility of the ‘historical’ translator, has been ignored by readers and critics, even though it would help understand her choice of translation strategy and thus make the recent criticism of her translation more informed. Conversely, in the case of Davis and Levine, not only are the retranslators visible to the extent that they actively promote their work themselves, but also judgments are passed, boundaries drawn and distinctions made based on their profiles rather than their performance: their work has been assessed to a large extent without reference to their actual translation choices. The retranslators’ lives – educational background, affiliation, professional experience – all turn out to play a major role in the critical discourse around their work, replacing the reading or, in the extreme case of Levine’s yet unpublished translation, even the very existence of the translated text.

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Bertoldi, Nicola. "Dynamic Models in Moses for Online Adaptation." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 101, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pralin-2014-0001.

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Abstract A very hot issue for research and industry is how to effectively integrate machine translation (MT) within computer assisted translation (CAT) software. This paper focuses on this issue, and more generally how to dynamically adapt phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) by exploiting external knowledge, like the post-editions from professional translators. We present an enhancement of the Moses SMT toolkit dynamically adaptable to external information, which becomes available during the translation process, and which can depend on the previously translated text. We have equipped Moses with two new elements: a new phrase table implementation and a new LM-like feature. Both the phrase table and the LM-like feature can be dynamically modified by adding and removing entries and re-scoring them according to a time-decaying scoring function. The final goal of these two dynamically adaptable features is twofold: to create additional translation alternatives and to reward those which are composed of entries previously inserted therein. The implemented dynamic system is highly configurable, flexible and applicable to many tasks, like for instance online MT adaptation, interactive MT, and context-aware MT. When exploited in a real-world CAT scenario where online adaptation is applied to repetitive texts, it has proven itself very effective in improving translation quality and reducing post-editing effort.

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Enbaeva, Lyudmila, and Nina Plastinina. "Distance Learning Challenges in Translation Teaching: Mediation Competence Development." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807078.

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In recent years the COVID pandemic has influenced education significantly. The pace of digital transformation is very fast and requires a change of mindset. Translators or cross-language mediators have to work at the focal point of various information transfer processes. We think that a digital mindset of a future translator can be created by re-contextualising classroom communication reality with online teaching tools that will ensure synchronous and asynchronous studies. The challenges of online resources variety can be responded to by classifying them according to L2 communicative competence and translation competence structural components. Thus the choice of sources can be narrowed down according to specific teaching objectives. The research proposes a classification of online resources for mediation competence development which is a communicative competence component according to CEFR. Classification categories include online teaching tools that can help develop (1) skills of mediating concepts, texts, communication; (2) strategies of explaining new concepts and strategies of text simplification. The classification is used to work out a few sample activities for an L2 course within translation curriculum. It is assumed that the classification and sample activities will help teachers be more flexible facing distance learning challenges in translation teaching.

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Aiken, Milam, and Mina Park. "An Economic Model of Machine Translation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 21 (June 16, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v21i.9046.

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With the advent of free, online translation services such as Google Translate, many people are now able to obtain information relatively effortlessly from a wide variety of foreign language sources. The translations from these services are often worse than those provided by professional, human translators, however, and the tradeoff between these two alternatives is not always clear. When should a professional be used, and when is machine translation sufficient? In this study, we discuss factors involved in the decision and illustrate their use with a predictive model.

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Li, Hanji, and Haiqing Chen. "Human vs. AI." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 1, no. 1 (January 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.2019010104.

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As one of the most important applications of AI, machine translation has always been the hot topic among scholars in linguistics, computer science, cognitive science and other areas. This article made an assessment of translations of 4 selected major online machine translation platforms from perspectives of efficiency, operating mode and condition. The outputs of machine and human were compared by employing new “6-4” table and comprehensive error rate. The assessment shows that although the quality of machine translation is improving, the gap still exists between the quality of machine translation and human translation. Based on the research findings, the author predicts that machine translation cannot possibly replace human translation and the two will continue to coexist in the foreseeable future.

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Ulitkin, Ilya, Irina Filippova, Natalia Ivanova, and Alexey Poroykov. "Automatic evaluation of the quality of machine translation of a scientific text: the results of a five-year-long experiment." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128408001.

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We report on various approaches to automatic evaluation of machine translation quality and describe three widely used methods. These methods, i.e. methods based on string matching and n-gram models, make it possible to compare the quality of machine translation to reference translation. We employ modern metrics for automatic evaluation of machine translation quality such as BLEU, F-measure, and TER to compare translations made by Google and PROMT neural machine translation systems with translations obtained 5 years ago, when statistical machine translation and rule-based machine translation algorithms were employed by Google and PROMT, respectively, as the main translation algorithms [6]. The evaluation of the translation quality of candidate texts generated by Google and PROMT with reference translation using an automatic translation evaluation program reveal significant qualitative changes as compared with the results obtained 5 years ago, which indicate a dramatic improvement in the work of the above-mentioned online translation systems. Ways to improve the quality of machine translation are discussed. It is shown that modern systems of automatic evaluation of translation quality allow errors made by machine translation systems to be identified and systematized, which will enable the improvement of the quality of translation by these systems in the future.

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Balkul, Halil İbrahim, and Hüseyin Ersoy. "TURKISH TRANSLATION COMPANIES’ USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TRANSLATION TOOLS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.482.

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Nowadays, Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools are undoubtedly among indispensable parts of both translation industry and academic translation world. Thanks to the variety of translation memories, machine translation systems, desktop publishing tools, and terminology management applications, the body of translations carried out in a specific time has increased in a considerable amount compared to the situation in past. In this regard, the current inquiry aims at investigating Turkish translation companies’ use of CAT tools via examining the websites of 39 translation companies, which are the members of two important national translation providers’ associations in Turkey.The results of the existing research are limited to the available information presented in the websites of the aforementioned translation companies about the use of CAT tools. Further studies can shed some light on the issue in a more overarching way if the number of translation companies to be examined is increased and questionnaires are delivered more accessibly, either by paper or online. Besides, this study is an attempt to emphasize that translation companies will have much more work demand from customers if they display information technologies they master on their websites.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Online Translation'

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