Academic literature on the topic 'Onset and withdrawal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Onset and withdrawal"
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A. K. KOTHARI, VIRENDRA KUMAR, P. M. JAIN, and R.C. PUROHIT. "A modified approach for determination of onset and withdrawal of monsoon." Journal of Agrometeorology 10, no. 2 (2008): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v10i2.1200.
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Onset of monsoon is an important rainfall characteristic for drought management and crop planning. Morris and Zandstra method for onset was compared with observed values for a period of 20 years, which revealed a mismatch in the Bhilwara region in 40 per cent of years. The criteria for rainfall accumulation for both onset and withdrawal was modified in such a way that the determined and observed onset of monsoon showed a significant match. For early and late onset of monsoon and intermittent low/nil rainfall weeks. Withdrawals were adjusted and length of growing period for Bhilwara region was determined.
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Ilicic, Marina, Tamas Zakar, and Jonathan W. Paul. "Epigenetic regulation of progesterone receptors and the onset of labour." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 6 (2019): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18392.
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Progesterone plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy by promoting myometrial quiescence. The withdrawal of progesterone action signals the end of pregnancy and, in most mammalian species, this is achieved by a rapid fall in progesterone concentrations. However, in humans circulating progesterone concentrations remain high up to and during labour. Efforts to understand this phenomenon led to the ‘functional progesterone withdrawal’ hypothesis, whereby the pro-gestation actions of progesterone are withdrawn, despite circulating concentrations remaining elevated. The exact mechanism of functional progesterone withdrawal is still unclear and in recent years has been the focus of intense research. Emerging evidence now indicates that epigenetic regulation of progesterone receptor isoform expression may be the crucial mechanism by which functional progesterone withdrawal is achieved, effectively precipitating human labour despite high concentrations of circulating progesterone. This review examines current evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in determining whether the pro-gestation or pro-contractile isoform of the progesterone receptor is expressed in the pregnant human uterus. We explore the mechanism by which these epigenetic modifications are achieved and, importantly, how these underlying epigenetic mechanisms are influenced by known regulators of uterine physiology, such as prostaglandins and oestrogens, in order to phenotypically transform the pregnant uterus and initiate labour.
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Koychev, Ivan, Savvas Hadjiphilippou, Joanna Lynch, Paul Whelan, and James MacCabe. "Sudden-Onset Catatonia Following Clozapine Withdrawal." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 77, no. 07 (2016): e899-e899. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.15cr10355.
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Mayo-Smith, Michael F., and Donald Bernard. "Late-Onset Seizures in Alcohol Withdrawal." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19, no. 3 (1995): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01563.x.
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Czyz, Craig N., Phelan G. Piehota, and Adam M. Strittmatter. "Acute onset esotropia after heroin withdrawal." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 4 (2015): 598.e1–598.e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.063.
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Nakaegawa, Tosiyuki, Osamu Arakawa, and Kenji Kamiguchi. "Investigation of Climatological Onset and Withdrawal of the Rainy Season in Panama Based on a Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset with a High Horizontal Resolution." Journal of Climate 28, no. 7 (2015): 2745–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00243.1.
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Abstract The present study investigated the onset and withdrawal dates of the rainy season in Panama by using newly developed, gridded, daily precipitation datasets with a high horizontal resolution of 0.05° based on ground precipitation observations. The onset and withdrawal dates showed very complicated geographical features, although the country of Panama is oriented parallel to latitude lines, and the geographical patterns of the onset and withdrawal dates could simply reflect the latitudinal migration of the intertropical convergence zone, as seen in other regions and countries. An absolute threshold value of 3 mm day−1 (pentad mean precipitation) was used to determine the onset and withdrawal dates. The onset and withdrawal dates obtained from the gridded daily precipitation dataset clearly depicted the migration of the rainy season. The rainy season starts suddenly in pentad 21 (11–15 April) in most of eastern Panama and in pentad 22 (16–20 April) in most of western Panama. The termination of the rainy season begins in Los Santos Province during pentad 67 (27 November–1 December) and expands to both the eastern and western surrounding areas. There is no dry season in the western part of the Caribbean coastal zone. Water vapor fluxes and topography suggest dynamical causes, such as a topographically induced upward mass flux accompanied by high humidity, for the complicated geographical features of the onset and withdrawal dates. An assessment was made of uncertainties in the timing of the onset and withdrawal associated with the definition of these terms.
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D. S., PAI, BANDGAR ARTI, DEVI SUNITHA, et al. "Normal dates of onset/progress and withdrawal of southwest monsoon over India." MAUSAM 71, no. 4 (2021): 553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i4.33.
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The new normal dates of onset/progress and withdrawal of southwest monsoon over the country are computed based on the operationally declared dates of these events by India Meteorological Department (IMD) during recent years. The normal onset/progress dates were calculated based on 1961-2019 data and that of withdrawal were calculated based on 1971-2019 data. This study also suggests new objective rainfall criteria to define the monsoon onset/ progress over various parts of the country. The new objective criteria are based on the IMD daily rainfall data at 1° × 1° (latitude × longitude) spatial grids over the country. The new criteria were designed so as to closely simulate IMD’s operational declaration of onset/progress of monsoon. However, no new criteria are suggested for defining withdrawal dates. The dates of monsoon onset/progress derived in each of these 1° × 1° grids based on the new criteria for the period 1961-2019 were also used to compute normal onset/progress dates of monsoon over the country. The climatological normal dates of onset and withdrawal of monsoon over India currently used by IMD for operational services are based on old data period (1901-1940) obtained from the rainfall analysis of 149 stations. This study proposes the new normal dates of monsoon onset/progress (based on the new rainfall criteria) and withdrawal (based on the operational data) to replace the existing normal. On comparing the new normal dates of monsoon onset and withdrawal with the existing normal dates of these events, interesting difference were observed. The monsoon onset/progress is relatively delayed over most parts of the Indian monsoon region in the new normal compared to the existing normal. However, monsoon onset/ progress is relatively faster in the new normal than the existing normal over Lakshadweep Islands, a few grids from western part of northeast India and western parts of south Peninsula and some areas of north and extreme northwest India. As per the new normal, the monsoon sets over Kerala around 1st June, nearly same as the existing normal date and covers the entire country one week before the existing normal. However, monsoon withdrawal from northwest India is delayed by more than 2 weeks compared to the existing normal date (i.e., 1st September). Monsoon retreats from most parts of the country except south Peninsula and some parts of neighboring central India by 15th October coinciding with the existing normal and subsequently northeast monsoon gets established over south Peninsula.
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Raj, Dr YEA. "A re -assessment study on the onset and withdrawal dates of Indian northeast monsoon for the decade 2011-20." MAUSAM 75, no. 3 (2024): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i3.6159.
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Abstract: The onset and withdrawal dates of Indian North east monsoon (NEM) over the combined region of Coastal Tamil Nadu (CTN) and South coastal Andhra Pradesh (SCAP) for the 10 year period 2011 -20 have been re -determined based on daily rainfall data of 16 stations by following an objective criteria. The dates thus derived when appended with past set of dates fixed by following similar methodology has resulted in a homogenous set of onset and withdrawal dates of NEM for 150 years. The mean onset / withdrawal dates for 2011-20 has been obtained as 23 October and 31 December respectively. During 2011-20, the normal NEM withdrawal from the southern and northern coasts have taken place on 23 December and 5 January respectively. This characteristic of existence of differential withdrawal dates which was shown in an earlier study based on 50 year data of 1961-2010, has persisted in 2011-20 as well. The superposed epoch analysis conducted on the daily rainfall of the 16 stations has shown very sharp increase of rainfall at the time of onset and decrease after withdrawal. The daily rainfall has increased from 1-5 mm to 10-33 mm at onset and has decreased from 4-16 mm to 0-2 mm at withdrawal. The empirical orthogonal function analysis conducted on the pentad rainfall of October-January rainfall of 4 sub regions SCAP, North, Central and South CTN (NCTN, CCTN and SCTN) has revealed that the first principal component which could be associated with the overall strength of NEM, explains 78.3% of the variation and that the loadings which are positive for all the regions are higher in NCTN and CCTN. The second principal component which explains 12.7 % of variation has positive loadings in SCAP and NCTN and negative loadings in CCTN and SCTN associated with opposite type of rainfall anomalies in the two regions. The empirical orthogonal function analysis manifesting such a pattern could be partly associated with late withdrawal in the south coast compared to north coast. An analysis of the frequencies of heavy/very heavy /extremely heavy rainfall derived for several periods has revealed that there have been 429 heavy rainfall events over 16 stations and 10 years during October- December. By defining and computing a probability based heavy rainfall index, it has been shown that frequency of heavy rainfall occurrences commencing from onset date is 91 for 16 stations and 10 years, which is 19 time more in the onset phase compared to pre onset phase and that once withdrawal takes place heavy rainfall occurrence becomes very rare.
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ALI, MEHFOOZ, D. JOARDAR, and B. R. LOE. "Variability of southwest monsoon over Rajasthan and Kerala." MAUSAM 56, no. 3 (2022): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i3.989.
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The onset, withdrawal dates and rainfall of southwest monsoon corresponding to east and west Rajasthan sub-divisions have been examined statistically for the past 63 years (1941-2003) to bring out some major aspects of their variability and trend to predict these parameters of southwest monsoon over Rajasthan. Various correlation coefficients have been worked out. Study reveals, shift in monsoon activity, enhancement of monsoon duration, early onset and late withdrawal enhances monsoon duration and seasonal rainfall over Rajasthan. Early onset over east Rajasthan certainly brings early onset over west Rajasthan.
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Douglas, Andrea F., Howard L. Weiner, and David R. Schwartz. "Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery 102, no. 6 (2005): 1133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.6.1133.
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✓ The authors describe a patient who experienced a prolonged course of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome after removal of an implantable baclofen pump for treatment of pump infection and meningitis. The current literature outlines management options for the acute management of this syndrome. In this report the authors discuss the long-term presentation of this syndrome and suggest a treatment strategy for management of the syndrome. A 37-year-old man who presented with a baclofen pump infection and meningitis experienced acute onset of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome 12 hours after the pump had been surgically removed. The patient's symptoms evolved into a severe, treatment-refractory withdrawal syndrome lasting longer than 1 month. Oral baclofen replacement with adjunctive administration of parenteral γ-aminobutyric acid agonists only served to stabilize the patient's critical condition throughout his hospital course. Replacement of the baclofen pump and restoration of intrathecal delivery of the medication was necessary to trigger the patient's dramatic recovery and complete reversal of the withdrawal syndrome within approximately 48 hours. These findings indicate that a more direct method of treating infected baclofen pumps than immediate surgical removal is necessary to prevent the onset of intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Various options for preventing the onset of the syndrome while simultaneously treating the infection are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Onset and withdrawal"
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"East Asian summer monsoon variability: onset, withdrawal, and intensity." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291298.
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Luo, Ming.<br>Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-164).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on 19, September, 2016).
Books on the topic "Onset and withdrawal"
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Singh, Nityanand. Determination of onset and withdrawal dates of summer monsoon across India using NCEP/NCAR re-analysis. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2010.
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Singh, Nityanand. Determination of onset and withdrawal dates of summer monsoon across India using NCEP/NCAR re-analysis. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2010.
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Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0003.
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This chapter on epilepsy discusses the major classification of epileptic disorders, the management and evidence base for treatment of chronic epilepsy (focal-onset and generalized seizures), the use of antiepileptic drugs in young women, withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, and the management of status epilepticus.
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Sprigings, David. Delirium (acute confusional state). Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0041.
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Delirium is a functional brain disorder characterized by disturbances of consciousness, attention, and cognition. The term ‘acute confusional state’ is often used synonymously with ‘delirium’. Delirium may be associated with a range of associated clinical features including increased or decreased psychomotor activity (hyperactive and hypoactive variants), hallucinations and delusions, and efferent sympathetic hyperactivity. Delirium with pronounced psychomotor and sympathetic hyperactivity is more often seen in younger patients with alcohol or substance intoxication/withdrawal (delirium tremens), but no cause is specific to a clinical subtype. Delirium is distinguished from dementia (with which it may coexist, as dementia is a major risk factor for delirium) by its speed of onset (over hours or days) and reversibility with correction of the underlying cause. In some patients, however, delirium may be followed by long-term cognitive impairment, suggesting that the pathophysiology of delirium overlaps with that of dementia.
Book chapters on the topic "Onset and withdrawal"
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Rajeevan, Madhavan Nair, Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay, and Arindam Chakraborty. "Onset and withdrawal." In South Asian Summer Monsoon. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-23945-8.00003-3.
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Fava, Giovanni A. "Understanding the Pathophysiology of Withdrawal Syndromes." In Discontinuing Antidepressant Medications. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192896643.003.0004.
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Continued drug treatment with antidepressant medications may stimulate processes that run counter to the initial acute effects of a drug. The oppositional model of tolerance may explain loss of treatment efficacy during maintenance treatment and the fact that some side effects tend to occur only after a certain time. These processes may also direct the illness into a treatment-unresponsive course, including manifestations of bipolar disorder or paradoxical reactions. When drug treatment ends, oppositional processes no longer encounter resistance, resulting in the potential onset of new withdrawal symptoms, persistent postwithdrawal disorders, hypomania, resistance to treatment if it is reinstituted, and refractoriness.
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Derby, Elena, Lucas Goodman, Kathleen Mackie, and Jacob Mortenson. "Changes in Retirement Savings during the COVID Pandemic." In Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198894131.003.0006.
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Abstract The chapter documents changes in retirement saving patterns and measures retirement savings contributions and withdrawals at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a large panel of US tax data, including tens of millions of person-year observations. It finds several important changes in retirement savings patterns during the pandemic relative to prior years, and compares these results to changes in savings patterns during the Great Recession. Results show that, unlike during the Great Recession, individuals’ contributions to retirement savings vehicles did not meaningfully decline. Additionally, driven by the suspension of required minimum distribution rules, individual retirement account (IRA) withdrawals substantially declined in 2020 for those older than age 72. Finally, likely due to the partial suspension of the early withdrawal penalty, employer-plan withdrawals increased for those under age 60.
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Surovyatkina, E. D. "Indian Monsoon: Tipping Elements Approach, Forecast of Onset and Withdrawal." In Some aspects of contemporary problems of mechanics and computer science. Space Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/aspects-2018-53-64.
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"Epilepsy." In Drugs in Neurology, 2nd ed., edited by Sathiji K. Nageshwaran, David Ledingham, Heather C. Wilson, Sathiji K. Nageshwaran, David Ledingham, and Heather C. Wilson. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198869696.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter on epilepsy discusses the classification of the epilepsies, the management and evidence base for treatment of chronic epilepsy (focal-onset, generalized seizures as well as rarer epilepsy syndromes with disease-specific therapies including Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome), the use of antiseizure medications (ASM) in women of childbearing potential, withdrawal of antiseizure medications, and the management of status epilepticus.
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Numan, Michael. "Hormonal Control of Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Mammals." In The Parental Brain. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848675.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 describes the hormones that promote the immediate onset of maternal behavior at parturition, drawing on research from rats, rabbits, sheep, mice, and nonhuman primates. The critical hormones include rising levels of estradiol, prolactin, and placental lactogens that occur near the end of pregnancy on a background of progesterone withdrawal. In contrast to the onset of maternal behavior, due to maternal experience, its maintenance does not require hormones. Laboratory strains of female mice, produced by inbreeding and selective breeding, are anomalous in that they do not require pregnancy hormones to show prompt maternal behavior when presented with conspecific infants under low-stress conditions. However, the physiological events of late pregnancy boost maternal motivation in these mice to allow for effective maternal behavior in challenging environments. The same processes operate in species that exhibit naturally occurring alloparental behavior, such as marmosets, where such behavior has evolved by natural selection.
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Maji, S., Pramiti K. Chakraborty, S. Basu, et al. "Crop Weather Interaction in Potato in South Bengal Plains." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch003.
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Potato is one of the main staple foods in West Bengal, where it ranks second in production after Uttar Pradesh. There is lots of variation in productivity of the crop. It is due to climatic variability which causes widespread disease infection in potato crop. The shifting of onset and withdrawal of monsoons has also proved to be a barrier in the productivity of the crop. The farmers are habituated to plant the crop within 15th of November; however this is being disrupted because of the shifting of withdrawal of monsoons. Potato is a thermo sensitive crop. The crop growth rate of potato is significantly affected by cumulative maximum and minimum temperatures. Leaf area index significantly decreased with the increase in cumulative maximum and minimum temperatures. Rainfall and relative humidity are two crucial factors that determine the incidence of late blight in potato, the most devastating disease in Bengal. Rainfall increased productivity by lowering soil temperature and reducing hydrolysis of starch respiratory losses from tubers.
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Lin, Erica, Omar M. Abu Saleh, and Christina G. O’Connor. "Acute Respiratory Failure in a Patient With a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Disease Case Review, edited by Larry M. Baddour, John C. O’Horo, Mark J. Enzler, and Rahul Kashyap. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190052973.003.0017.
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Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates and an excess of eosinophils with a bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell count or lung biopsy. The pathophysiology of medication-induced AEP is still unknown. Diagnosis of AEP is established on the basis of the following criteria: acute onset of febrile illness with respiratory manifestations, hypoxemia, diffuse infiltrates on imaging, an excess of eosinophilia with either greater than 25% eosinophils with a bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell count, or eosinophilic pneumonia on biopsy, in the absence of other causes. Management includes withdrawal of the inciting agent and close observation.
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Rajji, Tarek K. "I live with these voices." In Geriatric Psychiatry, edited by Marc E. Agronin and Ipsit V. Vahia. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521670.003.0026.
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Schizophrenia persists into late life but can also start in later life. Late-life onset is more common in women and is associated with positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Negative symptoms tend to be more common in late life and include apathy, social withdrawal, and affective blunting. Although mild forms of cognitive impairment can be seen across the age spectrum in schizophrenia, they are more common and impactful in late life, and come with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorders. Schizophrenia in late life is comparable to many chronic medical conditions, and optimal management requires adequate access to integrated medical and psychiatric services.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Alejandro A. Rabinstein. "When to Mention Organ Donation." In Neurocritical Care, 3rd ed., edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks and Alejandro A. Rabinstein. Oxford University PressNew York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197676875.003.0058.
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Abstract Catastrophic neurological injury may be obvious even within hours after presentation. In extreme cases, acute neurosurgical intervention, or other measures to reduce increased intracranial pressure are futile. In these acute circumstances with rapid onset of coma, neurologists and neurosurgeons try to identify “a point of no return,” defined by the degree of destruction, the involvement of crucial structures maintaining awareness (i.e., thalamocortical connections), and persistent upper brainstem dysfunction. Physicians have the obligation to approach an organ procurement agency after brain death or after withdrawal of support. The two main procedures—donation after brain death and donation after cardiac death—are discussed in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Onset and withdrawal"
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"METHADONE WITHDRAWAL PSYCHOSIS: A CLINICAL CASE." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p132v.
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The purpose of this article is, through a clinical case, to review the literature on psychosis secondary to methadone withdrawal. Observation of the patient and consultation of the clinical file. Non-systematic literature review on methadone use, methadone discontinuation and dual pathology. A 47-year-old male, history of opioid and cannabinoid use disorder, currently in abstinence and under opioid substitution therapy with methadone. After abrupt discontinuation of methadone, he began presenting delusional ideas of jealousy and persecution with multiple delusional interpretations. A diagnosis of persistent delusional disorder was made, and he was medicated with long-term injectable aripiprazole. Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist used to treat addictions to opioids, such as heroin. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) contributes to cessation or reduction of heroin use, reduced risk of HIV and hepatitis virus infections, decreased mortality, improved family and social relationships and employment status. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, sweating, respiratory depression and prolongation of the QT interval. Other important consequences are precipitation of withdrawal symptoms with consequent relapse to heroin use and withdrawal from MMT. Methadone withdrawal leads to the classic symptoms of opiate withdrawal - abnormalities in vital signs, dilated pupils, agitation, irritability, insomnia, sneezing, nausea and vomiting. In a minority of cases, it can lead to the sudden onset of affective disorders and psychotic disorders. Although scarce, psychotic symptoms after opioid withdrawal have already been described in the literature. Opioids function not only as neurotransmitters, but also as neuromodulators that may be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic system. An altered neuromodulation of the central opioid-dopamine systems due to long-term MTM may be related to psychotic pathogenesis. Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with substance use disorder, it's important to pay attention and monitor any change in opioid medication, with close observation for possible psychotic symptoms.
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Johansson, Andrew, Mahadevan Padmanabhan, Stuart Cain, Bryan Meyer, and David Schowalter. "Hydraulic Modeling of Air-Entraining Vortex Formation During Flow Withdrawal From Water Storage Tanks." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75169.
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In response to recent U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Component Design Bases Inspection (CBDI) issues, many US nuclear power stations have been required to demonstrate that minimum submergence requirements were properly determined for flow withdrawal from various safety related storage tanks. In many cases, the licensees failed to consider a vortex allowance, or applied an inappropriate vortex methodology. For Duke Energy’s McGuire Station, a Refueling Water Storage Tank (RWST) model was constructed using a geometric scale of 1:4.073. Testing included transient water level conditions simulating the field for selected flows (corresponding to prototype flows of 1,600 to 19,700 gpm) and water levels giving submergences of 1 to 5 ft above the suction nozzle in the model (prototype submergences of 4 to 20.3 ft). Results showed that with no return flow, the submergence at the onset of air entrainment ranged from 0.049 to 0.705 ft prototype for flows ranging from 1,600 to 19,700 gpm prototype, respectively. Based on the test results, it was determined that a vortex suppression device was not required for the McGuire RWST, as the expected water levels during operation would be higher than those indicated for onset of air entrainment for a given flow. The scale model testing showed that the critical submergences for initiation of air-entraining vortices were much lower than those predicted by Hydraulic Institute guidelines.
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Chae, Heetaek, Chulgyo Seo, Jonghark Park, Cheol Park, and Vinh L. Vinh. "Conceptual Thermal Hydraulic Design of a 20MW Multipurpose Research Reactor." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48157.
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The conceptual thermal hydraulic design analyses for a 20 MW reference AHR core have been jointly performed by KAERI and DNRI (VAEC). The preliminary core thermal hydraulic characteristics and the safety margins for the AHR core were studied for various core flow rates and fuel assembly powers. Statistical method and the MATRA_h subchannel code have been applied to evaluate the thermal hydraulic performances of the AHR core under the forced convection cooling mode during a nominal power operation and the natural circulation mode during a reactor shutdown condition. In addition, the safety margin evaluations were carried out for 2 typical accidents, a loss of flow accident by a primary pump seizure and a reactivity induced accident by a CAR rod withdrawal during a normal full power operation. Major design parameters for these analyses are a minimum critical heat flux ratio (MCHFR), an onset of a nucleate boiling (ONB) margin and a maximum fuel temperature. Results of the thermal hydraulic analyses show that the normal full power operation of the AHR could be ensured with a sufficient thermal margin for the onset of a nucleate boiling for a coolant velocity larger than 7.3 m/s. The AHR is also thought to have a sufficient natural circulation cooling capability up to at least 1.8MW to cool the core without the onset of a nucleate boiling in a channel after a normal reactor shutdown and during anticipated transients. It was also confirmed that the AHR core was sufficiently protected from the loss of a flow by a primary cooling pump seizure and the overpower transients by a CAR withdrawal from the MCHFR and fuel temperature points of view.
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Tsimpanogiannis, Ioannis N., and Yanis C. Yortsos. "A Continuum Model for the Liquid-to-Gas Phase Change and Growth in a Porous Medium at Constant Withdrawal Rates." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24158.
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Abstract We develop an effective continuum model to describe the heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of a gas phase from a supersaturated, slightly compressible binary liquid in a porous medium, driven by solute diffusion. The evolution of the gas results from the withdrawal of the liquid at a constant rate. The model addresses two stages before the onset of bulk gas flow, nucleation and gas phase growth. We assume negligible gradients due to gravity or viscous forces, thus the critical gas saturation, which signals the onset of bulk gas flow, is only a function of the nucleation fraction. We show that the important quantities characterizing the process, such as the fraction of pores that host activated sites, the deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium, the maximum supersaturation in the system and the critical gas saturation depend crucially on the nucleation characteristics of the medium.
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Hassan, Sabbir, and Darryl James. "A Data-Driven Approach for Predicting the Onset of Entrainment in Two-Fluid Stratified Systems During Selective Withdrawal Process Using Machine Learning Techniques." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-111411.
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Abstract Selective withdrawal is crucial in the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve and other applications, such as micro-particle coating, thin glass fiber fabrication, and local drug delivery. Physics-based mechanistic models are commonly used to predict the onset of entrainment but have challenges and uncertainties in its computational solutions. Machine learning (ML) models, like Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), can provide more efficient solutions to these problems. This study uses experimental data from various sources to investigate GPR and ANN for predicting the onset of entrainment in two-fluid stratified systems. Non-dimensional parameters were used as model inputs to ensure generalizability, and dimensionality reduction techniques, like the Genetic Algorithm, were employed to optimize the models. The machine learning models’ predictions were compared with physics-based models across different flow regimes. Preliminary findings show that GPR and ANN models have excellent predictive capabilities, surpassing physics-based models. GPR demonstrated slightly better performance than ANN. However, predictions are only accurate if the underlying physical regime remains unchanged. Machine learning models can unify physics-based models based on available training data at different flow regimes. This study emphasizes the potential of machine learning techniques in solving complex problems and offers a novel approach to predicting the onset of entrainment in select two-fluid stratified systems.
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Chung, Tammy, Marc Steinberg, Mary Bridgeman, and YingYing Chen. "Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Associations with Latent Profiles of Substance Use and Executive Cognitive Functioning." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53.
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Background: Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) almost doubles car crash risk (odds ratios range: 1.28-2.49). Known DUIC correlates include male gender, low perceived danger of DUIC, and greater frequency of cannabis and other drug use. Less is known about the role of executive cognitive functioning (e.g., skills in planning, organization) as a correlate of DUIC. Deficits in executive cognitive functioning could precede, and be exacerbated by heavy cannabis use, potentially contributing to DUIC risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional survey study used a person-centered analysis (latent profile analysis) to (1) identify prototypical profiles representing aspects of executive functioning and substance use in young adults, and (2) determine which profiles were associated with self-report of DUIC. We hypothesized that at least two profiles would be identified: mainly or only cannabis use vs polysubstance use. We also predicted that the polysubstance use profile would be associated with worse executive functioning and self-report of DUIC. Method: Young adults (N=69; ages 18-25; mean age=20.0 [SD=1.9]; 62.3% female; 75.4% White, 13.0% Black, 11.6% Other race/ethnicity) who reported weekly cannabis use were recruited from the community in Pittsburgh, PA to participate in a study of cannabis effects on cognition. Baseline collected demographics, self-reported age of cannabis use onset (age <16 vs age >16), NIDA modified ASSIST, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) (working memory, organization/planning scales), and Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (item on “driven a car when high” in past 6 months). Latent profile analysis (LatentGold 5.1) was used to identify distinct classes, testing the fit of 1-5 classes. Each model included 10 indicators: age of cannabis use onset, frequency of cannabis and tobacco use, cannabis withdrawal severity, ASSIST scores for cannabis, cocaine and hallucinogens (the substances most often reported), AUDIT score, and BRIEF working memory, and organization/planning scores. For the best fitting model, covariates (i.e., self-report of DUIC, age, gender) were examined as profile correlates in a separate, final step. Results: A model with 3 latent profiles was selected (see Figure). The profiles represented “Polysubstance Use” (40.8%), “Primary Cannabis” (22.3%), and “Later Onset Cannabis” (36.9%). Polysubstance use profile reported more cannabis-related problems and other drug use, and more problems with executive functioning than the other profiles (p<.05). Later Onset (vs Polysubstance Use) profile had older onset age (p<.05), and had the lowest level of cannabis involvement. Primary Cannabis and Later Onset profiles did not differ in report of problems with executive functioning. DUIC in the past 6 months (reported by 50.7% of the total sample) was more likely to be reported by Polysubstance use than Later Onset profile (p<.01). Polysubstance use profile was younger than Primary Cannabis profile (p<.05). The profiles did not differ by gender. Conclusions: As hypothesized, Polysubstance Use profile (which reported early cannabis use onset; and worse executive functioning, including problems with memory, planning/ organization) was associated with self-report of DUIC. Results highlight the role of self-reported executive functioning difficulties in DUIC risk, and the importance of targeting polysubstance use in preventing DUIC.
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Martínez, Andrés, and Caleb Chiroy. "Effect of Vertical Mini-Fins on External Condensation Heat Transfer." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32102.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to experimentally study how vertical mini-fins affect the overall heat transfer on a solid surface under external condensation conditions. Filmwise condensation is a major factor when designing steam condensers for thermoelectric power plants. These plants currently account for 40% of freshwater withdrawal and 3% of freshwater usage in the United States. Filmwise condensation averages five times lower heat transfer coefficients than those present in dropwise condensation. Due to the elevated nucleation rates in thermoelectric power plant condensers, filmwise condensation is the dominant condensation regime. The film thickness is directly proportional to the condenser’s overall thermal resistance on a surface under filmwise condensation. This research investigates the potential of mini-fins to mitigate the onset and effect of filmwise condensation, thus reducing thermal resistance and maximizing heat transfer. The overall heat transfer is determined by measuring the temperature gradient across aluminum test sections. The experimental setup was designed to control the cooling load, pressure, and steam quality in order to measure the temperature gradient under steady state conditions. By comparing the overall heat transfer of surfaces with different mini-fins, the optimal surface geometries can be found. Preliminary results show that mini-fins can improve the overall heat transfer ratios. Future work will introduce other mini-fin shapes, as well as focus on investigating the most efficient heat fluxes for each mini-fin.
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"PV-004 - THE COMPLEXITY OF DUAL PATHOLOGY: REGARDING A CASE REPORT OF SEIZURES." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.pv004.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a potentially reversible neuropsychiatric emergency caused by thiamine deficiency, whose classical triad consists of confusion, ataxia, and oculomotor dysfunction. The diagnosis is missed in 75-80% of cases and approximately 80% of untreated patients develop Korsakoff Syndrome, whereby recognition of nutritional deficiency or any portion of the triad should prompt treatment. We present a case of a 44-year-old Ukrainian man with suspected background of chronic alcohol abuse and psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder, who presented with acute onset of confusion, psychomotor agitation, gait ataxia and nystagmus. Anamnesis was hampered by the language barrier and absence of past medical history and patient's alcoholic habits remained unclear. After suspicion of WE it was introduced thiamine and diazepam, with significant improvement. After discontinuation of diazepam, the patient presented with several episodes of tonic-clonic seizures. Starting from this case report, we pretend to discuss the differential diagnosis of seizures in dual pathology. Materials and methods: Clinical records and Pubmed search using the keywords: Wernicke’s Encephalopathy, Seizures, Alcohol, Benzodiazepines. Results and conclusions: Seizures are a common presentation of various conditions associated with alcohol use, whose differential diagnosis is difficult, especially in patients with dubious alcohol consumption. Alcohol abuse is a major precipitant of status epilepticus as seizure threshold is raised by alcohol drinking. Seizures may also occur during alcohol withdrawal for which treatment with benzodiazepines is recommended, however carefully, since both abrupt cessation and high-dose use are critical for the appearance of seizures. Although very rare, WE may also present with seizures, whereby overdiagnosis and overtreatment are preferred to prevent persistent neurocognitive impairments. At discharge the diagnostic discussion prevailed and the patient was medicated for seizures with clinical stabilization. The complexity of psychiatric diagnoses in dual pathology requires a longitudinal assessment for a better understanding of clinical conditions as illustrated here.
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Moura, Fernanda Maria Gonçalves de Sousa, Bruno Rezende Trindade Borges, Davi Vargas Freitas Teixeira, and Roberta Arb Saba Rodrigues Pinto. "Phenytoin-induced Chorea: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.392.
Full textAbstract:
A 67-years-old woman, with no significant medical history, presents herself at Hospital do Servidor Público do Estado de São Paulo after a seizure episode following two weeks of a moderate heat trauma at home. At initial evaluation, no neurological deficit was found, but computed tomography showed a mild subdural hemorrhage in the left frontal area that was promptly drained. The patient was discharged with oral phenytoin 100 mg each eight hours. After thirty days, the patient returns to the hospital reporting the progressive onset of involuntary abnormal movements of upper limbs and head, associated with gait difficulties. The neurological exam revealed ataxia of limbs and trunk, severe gait ataxia, in addition to choreic movements involving superior limbs, neck, orofacial muscles and pathological horizontal nystagmus. The work-up for acute cerebellar ataxia and chorea was performed resulting in normal metabolic and inflammatory blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neoplastic screening and brain magnetic resonance imaging, the only exception was serum phenytoin level: 29.4 μg/ml (therapeutic range: 10–20 μg/ml). After an extensive evaluation and differential diagnosis exclusion, a slowly withdraw was conducted, leading to marked symptom’s improvement. At discharge, the patient was completely asymptomatic with no other treatment. The phenytoin has an extensive well described list of neurological side effects, commonly ataxia, headache, dizziness and insomnia, but choreic movements are rarely reported. It is due to the disturbance of dopamine metabolism at basal ganglia, involving both direct and indirect pathways. The choreic symptoms have no dose dependent relation, affecting mostly infants, previously brain injured patients, or concomitant drugs that inhibit hepatic metabolism. Our case elucidates a rare cause of chorea induced by a common pharmacological treatment, which demonstrates the importance of searching for uncommon drugs side effects.
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Winkelstein, Beth A., Raymond D. Hubbard, and Joyce A. DeLeo. "Biomechanics and Painful Injuries: Tissue and CNS Responses for Nerve Root Mechanical Injuries." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43117.
Full textAbstract:
Pain affects as many as 50 million Americans, with annual costs estimated as high as $90 billion. Unfortunately, the mechanism of injuries leading to persistent pain syndromes remain largely uncharacterized. A common painful injury results due from mechanical loading of nerve roots, which can occur for spinal injuries in both the low back and neck. Relationships have been demonstrated between tissue compression and behavioral hypersensitivity responses in animal models, with differential patterns of sensitivity depending on the nature of the mechanical insult (Colburn et al., 1999). Mechanical allodynia (MA) is an increased behavioral sensitivity to a non-noxious stimulus and is observed in the dermatome of the injured tissue. It can be measured by the frequency of paw withdrawals elicited by stimulation with normally non-noxious von Frey filaments. Allodynia is a clinical measure of sensitivity and, therefore, provides a useful gauge of nociceptive responses. Animal studies have shown that compression of neural structures initiates a variety of physiologic responses, including decreased electrical activity, increased edema formation, and increased endoneurial pressure in the region of compression (Lundborg et al., 1983; Olmarker et al., 1989, 1990; Pedowitz et al., 1992). While these studies document physiologic changes immediately following injury, they do not describe the temporal nature of these changes following tissue loading as they relate to pain behaviors. Moreover, despite this evidence of edema formation and increased endoneurial pressure locally in the nerve roots, no study has simultaneously documented local changes in nerve root geometry following compressive injury and how these changes may be linked to the onset and/or maintenance of pain-associated behaviors. Therefore, this study examines injury biomechanics for pain-behaviors in a radiculopathy (nerve root injury) model and temporally characterizes the local geometric changes in the nerve root for a series of postsurgical time points following compressive injury. While these results indicate that compression magnitude clearly modulates pain responses, the local nerve root swelling does not appear to directly drive behavioral changes. This suggests a complicated physiology for injury which likely contributes to the manifestation of pain. Findings are also presented for preliminary investigations into tissue rebound/recovery responses for varied mechanical insult magnitudes to begin to understand potential injury mechanisms leading to pain.