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Journal articles on the topic 'Onshore AC fault'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Arulampalam, A., G. Ramtharan, N. Caliao, J. B. Ekanayake, and N. Jenkins. "Simulated Onshore-Fault Ride through of Offshore Wind Farms Connected through VSC HVDC." Wind Engineering 32, no. 2 (2008): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952408784815781.

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Effective Onshore-Fault Ride Through was demonstrated by simulation for a Fixed Speed Induction Generator (FSIG) offshore wind farm connected through a Voltage Source Converter HVDC link. When a terrestrial grid fault occurs, power through the onshore converter reduces and the DC link voltage increases. A control system was then used to block the offshore converter. The offshore AC network voltage was reduced to achieve rapid power rejection. Reactive power at the onshore converter was controlled to support the AC network voltage according to the GB Grid Code requirements. Two cases, a 200 ms

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2

Kumar, Dileep, Wajiha Shireen, and Nanik Ram. "Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Energy: A Review on Fault Ride Through Techniques for MMC-HVDC Systems." Energies 17, no. 21 (2024): 5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17215308.

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Over the past few decades, wind energy has expanded to become a widespread, clean, and sustainable energy source. However, integrating offshore wind energy with the onshore AC grids presents many stability and control challenges that hinder the reliability and resilience of AC grids, particularly during faults. To address this issue, current grid codes require offshore wind farms (OWFs) to remain connected during and after faults. This requirement is challenging because, depending on the fault location and power flow direction, DC link over- or under-voltage can occur, potentially leading to t

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3

Xie, Lijun, Fan Cheng, and Jing Wu. "Control Strategy for Offshore Wind Farms with DC Collection System Based on Series-Connected Diode Rectifier." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137860.

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The DR-HVDC (Diode rectifier-based HVDC) transmission topology was recently proposed for integration on large offshore wind farms due to its low investment cost and high reliability. To further reduce the investment, a DC collection topology based on the series-connected diode rectifiers (DR) is proposed, where no offshore platform is needed. However, units of series-connected topology (SCU) show coupling issues, such as overvoltage, energy curtailment, and fault isolation. First, the coupling mechanism is analyzed, and a suitable operation mode for SCUs is selected to ensure the safe operatio

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4

Xie, Lijun, Zhengang Lu, Ruixiang Hao, Bao Liu, and Yingpei Wang. "Topology and Control Strategies for Offshore Wind Farms with DC Collection Systems Based on Parallel–Series Connected and Distributed Diodes." Applied Sciences 15, no. 11 (2025): 6166. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15116166.

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A diode-based rectifier (DR) is an attractive transmission technology for offshore wind farms, which reduces the volume of large bulk platforms. A novel parallel–series DC wind farm based on a distributed DR is proposed, which meets the requirements of high voltage and high power with an isolation capability from other units. The coupling mechanism between a modular multilevel converter (MMC) and a DR has been built, and the coordinate control strategy for the whole system has been proposed based on the MMC triple control targets with intermediate variables. Under the proposed control strategy

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5

Lin, Chi Hsiang. "The Impact of Integration of the VSC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farm on Torsional Vibrations of Steam Turbine Generators." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010197.

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For remote offshore wind farms, transmitting power to the main onshore grid via a Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) system is the mainstream of power transmission. It is not only cost-effective in long-distance transmission, but also can fully meet the grid side requirements such as black start, voltage support, fault ride through and frequency support. However, it still has some problems, such as the possible impact on the power grid needing to be paid attention to. In this paper, its impact on the torsional responses of turbine generator units neighboring to the

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6

Ibaceta, Efrain, Matias Diaz, Saravanakumar Rajendran, Yeiner Arias, Roberto Cárdenas, and Jose Rodriguez. "Experimental Assessment of a Decentralized Control Strategy for a Back-to-Back Modular Multilevel Converter Operating in Low-Frequency AC Transmission." Processes 12, no. 1 (2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010155.

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The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has been widely used in high-power applications owing to its inherent advantages, including scalability, modularity, high-power density, and fault tolerance. MMCs have recently been used in Low-Frequency Alternating Current (LFAC) transmission, particularly in the integration of offshore wind power with onshore grids. However, LFAC applications produce significant voltage oscillations in floating capacitor voltages within the MMC. Early research efforts have successfully established and validated decoupled control strategies for LFAC-based MMC systems. Ho

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7

Sang, Yiyan, Bo Yang, Hongchun Shu, Na An, Fang Zeng, and Tao Yu. "Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement of Type-4 WECS in Offshore Wind Farm via Nonlinear Adaptive Control of VSC-HVDC." Processes 7, no. 8 (2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080540.

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This paper proposes a perturbation estimation-based nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) for a voltage-source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) system which is applied to interconnect offshore large-scale wind farms to the onshore main grid in order to enhance the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of Type-4 wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The VSC-HVDC power transmission system is regraded as a favourable solution for interconnecting offshore wind farms. To improve the FRT capability of offshore power plants, a de-loading strategy is investigated with novel advanced co

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8

Abubakr, Hussein, Abderezak Lashab, Tarek Hassan Mohamed, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero, and Yasser Ahmed Dahab. "Robust SMC-PSS and AVR design: A grid connected solar concentrated OTEC system application." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0295941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295941.

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This work analyzes the stability and performance of an offshore solar-concentrated ocean thermal energy conversion system (SC-OTEC) tied to an onshore AC grid. The OTEC is a system where electricity is generated using small temperature differences between the warm surface and deep cold ocean water. Existing control methods for SC-OTEC systems lack coordination, hindering dynamic stability and effective damping for the synchronous generator (SG). These methods struggle to quickly adapt to sudden disturbances and lack the capability to adequately reject or compensate for such disturbances due to

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9

Herrmann, Michael, Merlin Alkemper, and Lutz Hofmann. "Analysis of Onshore Synthetic Inertia and Primary Control Reserve Contributions of Alternating Current-Side Meshed Offshore Grids with Voltage-Source Converter and Diode Rectifier Unit High-Voltage Direct Current Connections." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186700.

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The increasing use of renewable energy sources in place of conventional generation units is leading to a reduction in onshore inertia and to the development of offshore wind park grids connected by multiple high-voltage direct current (HVDC) connections to the onshore alternating current (AC) grid. For AC-side meshed offshore grids with voltage-source converter (VSC) and diode rectifier unit (DRU) HVDC connections towards onshore grids, this study focuses on the energetic feasibility of synthetic inertia (SI) and primary control reserve (PCR) contributions triggered locally at the onshore conv

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10

Huang, Kai, Lie Xu, and Guangchen Liu. "A Diode-MMC AC/DC Hub for Connecting Offshore Wind Farm and Offshore Production Platform." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133759.

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A diode rectifier-modular multilevel converter AC/DC hub (DR-MMC Hub) is proposed to integrate offshore wind power to the onshore DC network and offshore production platforms (e.g., oil/gas and hydrogen production plants) with different DC voltage levels. The DR and MMCs are connected in parallel at the offshore AC collection network to integrate offshore wind power, and in series at the DC terminals of the offshore production platform and the onshore DC network. Compared with conventional parallel-connected DR-MMC HVDC systems, the proposed DR-MMC hub reduces the required MMC converter rating

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11

Bidadfar, Ali, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Jayachandra Naidu Sakamuri, Vladislav Akhmatov, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, and Poul Ejnar Sørensen. "Coordinated Control of HVDC and HVAC Power Transmission Systems Integrating a Large Offshore Wind Farm." Energies 12, no. 18 (2019): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183435.

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The development of efficient and reliable offshore electrical transmission infrastructure is a key factor in the proliferation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Traditionally, high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission has been used for OWFs. Recently, voltage-source-converter-based (VSC-based) high-voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) transmission technologies have also been considered due to their grid-forming capabilities. Diode-rectifier-based (DR-based) HVDC (DR-HVDC) transmission is also getting attention due to its increased reliability and reduced offshore platform footprint. Parallel operation of transmission

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12

Marchand, Jane, Ajay Shetgaonkar, Jose Luis Rueda Torres, Aleksandra Lekic, and Peter Palensky. "EMT Real-Time Simulation Model of a 2 GW Offshore Renewable Energy Hub Integrating Electrolysers." Energies 14, no. 24 (2021): 8547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248547.

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Due to their weak nature, such as low inertia, offshore energy hubs are prone to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena. This can lead to undesired instability problems. Recent literature, with main focus on onshore systems, suggests that electrolysers could be an attractive option to support wind generators in the mitigation of balancing problems. This paper presents an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) model for real-time simulation based study of the dynamics of active power and voltage responses of offshore hubs due to wind speed fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the abi

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13

Li, Rui, Lujie Yu, and Lie Xu. "Offshore AC fault protection of diode rectifier unit based HVDC system for wind energy transmission." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, September 14, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2869357.

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Offshore AC fault protection of wind turbines (WTs) connecting with diode rectifier unit based HVDC (DRU-HVDC) system is investigated in this paper. A voltage-error-dependent fault current injection is proposed to regulate the WT current during offshore AC fault transients and quickly provide fault current for fault detection. Considering different fault locations, the fault characteristics during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults are presented and the requirements for fault detection are addressed. A simple and effective offshore AC fault protection solution, combining both overcurrent prot

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14

Yu, Lujie, Rui Li, and Lie Xu. "Distributed PLL-based control of offshore wind turbines connected with diode-rectifier based HVDC systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, November 10, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2772342.

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A distributed PLL-based frequency control is proposed in this paper for offshore wind turbine converters connected with diode-rectifier based high-voltage-direct-current (HVDC) systems. The proposed control enables a large number of wind turbines to work autonomously to contribute to the offshore AC frequency and voltage regulation. The proposed control also provides automatic synchronization of the offline wind turbines to the offshore AC grid. Stability of the proposed frequency control is analyzed using root locus method. Moreover, an active dc voltage control of the onshore modular multile

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15

HosseiniKordkheili, SeyedFarhan, and Mohsen Hamzeh. "Onshore AC Fault Ride-Through Control in Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2024, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3514705.

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16

Jin, Yanqiu, Zheren Zhang, Ying Huang, Zheng Xu, and Feng Xu. "Harmonic filtering and fault ride‐through of diode rectifier unit and modular multilevel converter based offshore wind power integration." IET Renewable Power Generation, October 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12870.

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AbstractThe diode rectifier unit (DRU) is promising in offshore wind power integration due to its reliability and economy. Offshore AC voltage control is the key technology of the DRU‐based scheme. In this paper, a low‐cost offshore wind power integration system based on the DRU and the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in parallel on the rectifier side is proposed. The low‐capacity MMC rectifier is controlled to establish the offshore AC voltage amplitude and frequency, maintain all offshore wind active power transmitted by the DRU, and provide reactive power compensation and AC harmonic fil

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17

Yu, Lujie, Ziyu Fu, Rui Li, and Jiebei Zhu. "DRU‐HVDC for offshore wind power transmission: A review." IET Renewable Power Generation, July 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13045.

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AbstractThe rapid development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) calls for economical and reliable power transmission technology. This review paper focuses on the diode‐rectifier‐unit based high voltage direct current (DRU‐HVDC) transmission systems. The main technical features of DRU‐HVDC are highlighted and the comparisons with MMC‐HVDC and LCC‐HVDC are conducted. Considering the uncontrollability of DRU and the necessity of offshore wind turbines (WTs) to establish offshore network, the existing decentralized and centralized control strategies are reviewed in detail. For the fully‐grid‐forming c

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18

Zhou, Hongyu, Wei Yao, Kangyi Sun, Xiaomeng Ai, Jinyu Wen, and Shijie Cheng. "Dynamic Reactive Current Optimization Based Onshore AC Fault Ride-through Strategy for MMC-HVDC Integrated Offshore Wind Farms." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2023, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tste.2023.3301708.

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19

Xiao, Fan, Jinrui Tang, Xin Yin, Keliang Zhou, Jinmu Lai, and Qingqing He. "Enhancing FRT Strategy for Onshore AC Grid Fault of Offshore Wind HVDC System Based on Iterative Calculation Method." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2025, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3565610.

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20

Kumar, M. Ajay, and N. V. Srikanth. "An Adaptive Coordinated Control for an Offshore Wind Farm Connected VSC Based Multi-Terminal DC Transmission System." Open Engineering 5, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2015-0005.

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AbstractThe voltage source converter (VSC) based multiterminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission system is an interesting technical option to integrate offshore wind farms with the onshore grid due to its unique performance characteristics and reduced power loss via extruded DC cables. In order to enhance the reliability and stability of the MTDC system, an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based coordinated control design has been addressed in this paper. A four terminal VSC-MTDC system which consists of an offshore wind farm and oil platform is implemented in MATLAB

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21

Zhu, Yuchen, Yongli Li, Botong Li, Tao Li, Lu Xu, and Ningning Liu. "Internal Energy Distribution Control Based Fault Ride-Through and Postfault Recovery Strategy for Offshore Wind Farms Connected to DR-MMC HVDC Under Onshore AC Grid Faults." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2024, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2024.3509963.

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