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Journal articles on the topic 'Onshore wind'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xu, Xuan, Yuan Zeng, Xin Ze Wang, Peng Li, and Yong Zhang. "Study on Different Impacts on the Reliability of Grid Connecting with the Offshore and Onshore Wind Farms." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.501.

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As the wind power penetration continues to increase, one of the main challenges faced in power operation is to maintain the system reliability when committing an appropriate amount of power from a wind farm in the lead time. This paper presents an approximate model for estimating offshore winds in the domain of meteorology, raising the accuracy and comparability between offshore and onshore wind power. And then, considering the discrepancy in wind speed fluctuations between offshore and onshore sites and difference in operation characteristics between double-fed induction generators and perman

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2

Douglass, Scott L., and J. Richard Weggel. "LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF WIND ON NEARSHORE WAVE BREAKING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (1988): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.46.

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The influence of wind on nearshore breaking waves was investigated in a laboratory wave tank. Breaker location, geometry, and type depended upon the wind acting on the wave as it broke. Onshore winds tended to cause waves to break earlier, in deeper water, and to spill: offshore winds tended to cause waves to break later, in shallower water, and to plunge. A change in wind direction from offshore to onshore increased the surf zone width by up to 100%. Wind's effect was greatest for waves which were near the transition between breaker types in the absence of wind. For onshore winds, it was obse

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3

Wu, Xiawei, Weihao Hu, Qi Huang, Cong Chen, Zhe Chen, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Optimized Placement of Onshore Wind Farms Considering Topography." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152944.

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As the scale of onshore wind farms are increasing, the influence of wake behavior on power production becomes increasingly significant. Wind turbines sittings in onshore wind farms should take terrain into consideration including height change and slope curvature. However, optimized wind turbine (WT) placement for onshore wind farms considering both topographic amplitude and wake interaction is realistic. In this paper, an approach for optimized placement of onshore wind farms considering the topography as well as the wake effect is proposed. Based on minimizing the levelized production cost (

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4

Patel, Amisha. "Onshore wind projects dominate." Renewable Energy Focus 15, no. 4 (2014): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-0084(14)70089-4.

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Rezaei, Ashkan, and Amir R. Nejad. "Effect of wind speed distribution and site assessment on pitch bearing loads and life." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2507, no. 1 (2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2507/1/012021.

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Abstract In this paper, the wind speed distribution at thirteen onshore and offshore wind sites has been studied. Different probability distributions are used to estimate the wind speed distribution. Several goodness-of-fit indicators were used to assess the suitability of the fitting. The highest results were achieved by Kernel distribution in both onshore and offshore wind sites. Onshore wind sites did not fit well compared to offshore wind sites. Rayleigh distribution results at onshore wind sites were worse than at offshore wind sites. Onshore and offshore wind distributions result in vari

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Kirincich, Anthony R., and John A. Barth. "Alongshelf Variability of Inner-Shelf Circulation along the Central Oregon Coast during Summer." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 6 (2009): 1380–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3760.1.

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Abstract The spatial and temporal variability of inner-shelf circulation along the central Oregon coast during the 2004 upwelling season is described using a 70-km-long array of moorings along the 15-m isobath. Circulation at three stations located onshore of a submarine bank differed from that of a station north of the bank, despite the relatively uniform wind forcing and inner-shelf bathymetry present. During upwelling-favorable winds, strong southward alongshelf flow occurred north of the bank, no alongshelf flow occurred onshore of the northern part of the bank, and increasing southward fl

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Tumse, Sergen, Mehmet Bilgili, Alper Yildirim, and Besir Sahin. "Comparative Analysis of Global Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Characteristics and Potentials." Sustainability 16, no. 15 (2024): 6614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16156614.

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Wind energy, which generates zero emissions, is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional electricity generation. For this reason, wind energy is a very popular topic, and there are many studies on this subject. Previous studies have often focused on onshore or offshore installations, lacking comprehensive comparisons and often not accounting for technological advancements and their impact on cost and efficiency. This study addresses these gaps by comparing onshore and offshore wind turbines worldwide in terms of installed capacity, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), total ins

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Schönheit, David, and Dominik Möst. "The Effect of Offshore Wind Capacity Expansion on Uncertainties in Germany’s Day-Ahead Wind Energy Forecasts." Energies 12, no. 13 (2019): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132534.

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Germany has experienced rapid growth in onshore wind capacities over the past two decades. Substantial capacities of offshore wind turbines have been added since 2013. On a local, highly-resolved level, this analysis evaluated if differences in wind speed forecast errors exist for offshore and onshore locations regarding magnitude and variation. A model based on the Extra Trees algorithm is proposed and found to be a viable method to transform local wind speeds and capacities into aggregated wind energy feed-in. This model was used to analyze if offshore and onshore wind power expansion lead t

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9

Jiménez Toña, Rafael, Jesus Cuadrado Rojo, and Eduardo Rojí Chandro. "Foundations of onshore Wind turbines: current situation and trends." Informes de la Construcción 76, no. 573 (2024): 6443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.6443.

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The commitments by the governments for the net zero emissions for the coming decades will be a huge challenge for the renewable sector all over the planet. Wind energy will play a significant role in this transition and scale-up, in both offshore and onshore, is a crucial step to move forward. The quick development of the new onshore wind turbine models in the race for the most powerful machine, the gradual increase in the hub height, and the unitary power of the new onshore wind turbines are producing modifications in different components of the turbines. This work presents a review of the on

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Fewings, Melanie, Steven J. Lentz, and Janet Fredericks. "Observations of Cross-Shelf Flow Driven by Cross-Shelf Winds on the Inner Continental Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 11 (2008): 2358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3990.1.

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Abstract Six-yr-long time series of winds, waves, and water velocity from a cabled coastal observatory in 12 m of water reveal the separate dependence of the cross-shelf velocity profile on cross-shelf and along-shelf winds, waves, and tides. During small waves, cross-shelf wind is the dominant mechanism driving the cross-shelf circulation after tides and tidal residual motions are removed. The along-shelf wind does not drive a substantial cross-shelf circulation. During offshore winds, the cross-shelf circulation is offshore in the upper water column and onshore in the lower water column, wit

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Montero, Angel, M. Elias Dueker, and Gregory D. O’Mullan. "Culturable bioaerosols along an urban waterfront are primarily associated with coarse particles." PeerJ 4 (December 22, 2016): e2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2827.

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The source, characteristics and transport of viable microbial aerosols in urban centers are topics of significant environmental and public health concern. Recent studies have identified adjacent waterways, and especially polluted waterways, as an important source of microbial aerosols to urban air. The size of these aerosols influences how far they travel, their resistance to environmental stress, and their inhalation potential. In this study, we utilize a cascade impactor and aerosol particle monitor to characterize the size distribution of particles and culturable bacterial and fungal aeroso

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Srilakshmi, Koganti, P. Aravindhababu, and P. Ravi Babu. "A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 7, no. 3 (2018): 227–34. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp227-234.

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Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power transmission through cables f

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13

Zhang, Weifeng (Gordon), and Steven J. Lentz. "Wind-Driven Circulation in a Shelf Valley. Part I: Mechanism of the Asymmetrical Response to Along-Shelf Winds in Opposite Directions." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 12 (2017): 2927–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0083.1.

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AbstractMotivated by observations in Hudson shelf valley showing stronger onshore than offshore flows, this study investigates wind-driven flows in idealized shallow shelf valleys. This first part of a two-part sequence focuses on the mechanism of the asymmetrical flow response in a valley to along-shelf winds of opposite directions. Model simulations show that (i) when the wind is in the opposite direction to coastal-trapped wave (CTW) phase propagation, the shelf flow turns onshore in the valley and generates strong up-valley transport and a standing meander on the upstream side (in the sens

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Srilakshmi, Koganti, P. Aravindhababu, and P. Ravi Babu. "A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 3 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp227-234.

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<span lang="EN-IN">Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power tran

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15

Shi, Yuxuan, Yanyu Wang, and Haoran Zheng. "Wind Speed Prediction for Offshore Sites Using a Clockwork Recurrent Network." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030751.

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Offshore sites show greater potential for wind energy utilization than most onshore sites. When planning an offshore wind power farm, the speed of offshore wind is used to estimate various operation parameters, such as the power output, extreme wind load, and fatigue load. Accurate speed prediction is crucial to the running of wind power farms and the security of smart grids. Unlike onshore wind, offshore wind has the characteristics of random, intermittent, and chaotic, which will cause the time series of wind speeds to have strong nonlinearity. It will bring greater difficulties to offshore

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Sckrabulis, Jason P., Alan R. Flory, and Thomas R. Raffel. "Direct onshore wind predicts daily swimmer's itch (avian schistosome) incidence at a Michigan beach." Parasitology 147, no. 4 (2020): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000074.

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AbstractSwimmer's itch (SI) is a painful rash caused by skin penetration by free-swimming infectious cercariae of avian schistosomes, snail-borne helminth parasites related to the causative agents of human schistosomiasis. The goal of this study was to determine if commonly collected environmental data could be used to predict daily fluctuations in SI incidence at an inland beach in northwestern Michigan. Lifeguards collected daily data over four summers, including the number of self-reported SI cases, total swimmers, water temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Mixed-effects binomial reg

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17

Erhinyodavwe, O., C. O. Omoyi, and E. K. Orhorhoro. "Comparative Estimation of Onshore (Okada) and Offshore (Okerenkoko) Wind Speed for Potential Wind Energy Access in Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 1 (2024): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i1.26.

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The low availability of reliable electrical energy in Nigeria; urban centres and rural area in particular is alarming. At the moment, average Nigerians readily depends on non-renewable energy sources such as fossil and wood fuel which is environmental unfriendly. However, wind energy is abundant, inexhaustible, affordable, environmentally preferable, and equally sustainable. Hence, the objective of this paper was to undertake a comparative estimation of onshore (Okada) and offshore (Okerenkoko) wind speed for potential wind energy access in Delta State, Nigeria using appropriate standard metho

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18

Nissen, J. N., and S. E. Gryning. "Seasonality in onshore normalized wind profiles above the surface layer." Advances in Science and Research 4, no. 1 (2010): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-4-57-2010.

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Abstract. This work aims to study the seasonal difference in normalized wind speed above the surface layer as it is observed at the 160 m high mast at the coastal site Høvsøre at winds from the sea (westerly). Normalized and stability averaged wind speeds above the surface layer are observed to be 20 to 50% larger in the winter/spring seasons compared to the summer/autumn seasons at winds from west within the same atmospheric stability class. A method combining the mesoscale model, COAMPS, and observations of the surface stability of the marine boundary layer is presented. The objective of the

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Durdona, Durdona. "Evaluating the Onshore Wind Farms based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model under Neutrosophic Set." Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Technology 4, no. 2 (2024): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jsdgt.040203.

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This work comprehensively evaluates onshore wind farms, focusing on their technological efficiency, environmental impact, economic viability, and societal implications. Onshore wind energy has emerged as a prominent renewable energy source, leveraging the kinetic power of wind to generate electricity on a substantial scale. The evaluation encompasses a detailed analysis of wind resource assessment, turbine technology, grid integration, environmental considerations, economic feasibility, and stakeholder engagement. Findings reveal that onshore wind farms exhibit commendable technological advanc

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Gonçalves, Ana, Margarida L. R. Liberato, and Raquel Nieto. "Wind Energy Assessment during High-Impact Winter Storms in Southwestern Europe." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040509.

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The electricity produced through renewable resources is dependent on the variability of weather conditions and, thus, on the availability of the resource, as is the case with wind energy. This study aims to assess the wind resource available and the wind energy potential (WEP) during the December months for the three years 2017, 2018, and 2019, in southwestern Europe, when several high-impact storms affected the region. Additionally, a comparison of Prandtl’s logarithmic law and Power-law equations for extrapolation of the vertical wind profile is performed for onshore conditions, to evaluate

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Feng, Yashuang, and Lixiao Zhang. "The GHG Intensities of Wind Power Plants in China from a Life-Cycle Perspective: The Impacts of Geographical Location, Turbine Technology and Management Level." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054449.

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Presented in this study is a comparative life cycle assessment of 60 wind plant systems’ GHG intensities (49 of onshore and 11 of offshore) in China with regard to different geographical location, turbine technology and management level. As expected, geographical location and turbine technology affect the results marginally. The result shows that the life-cycle GHG intensities of onshore and offshore cases are 5.84–16.71 g CO2eq/kWh and 13.30–29.45 g CO2eq/kWh, respectively, which could be decreased by 36.41% and 41.30% when recycling materials are considered. With wind power density increasin

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Dobrowolski, Zbysław, Peter Adamišin, Arkadiusz Babczuk, and Sławomir Kotylak. "Towards a Green Transformation: Legal Barriers to Onshore Wind Farm Construction." Energies 18, no. 5 (2025): 1271. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051271.

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Energy transformation is essential for reducing electricity production costs and building a competitive advantage for each country. Its success relies on balancing environmental goals with the need to maintain secure energy supplies, keep prices at an acceptable level for consumers, and ensure the economy’s competitiveness. Although the literature presents various investment constraints for onshore wind farms, little is known about the regulations that were supposed to protect the natural environment, and in practice, they turned out to be legal constraints on the development of onshore wind f

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Lucas, Kevin Ray Español, Tomonori Sato, and Masamichi Ohba. "Hourly Variation of Wind Speeds in the Philippines and Its Potential Impact on the Stability of the Power System." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082310.

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Wind energy development has been limited by concerns associated to the varying features in wind speed which tends to destabilize the power system. This study aims to clarify the variability of winds within a day in the Philippines, specifically the hourly changes of onshore horizontal winds at 100-m hub-heights. A whole one-year experiment using the Weather Research and Forecasting model shows that onshore wind speeds decrease during the transitional hours between land breeze and sea breeze. The decreases in wind speed are most significant over coastal regions with high sloping topography. The

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Giammanco, Ian M., John L. Schroeder, and Mark D. Powell. "GPS Dropwindsonde and WSR-88D Observations of Tropical Cyclone Vertical Wind Profiles and Their Characteristics." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 1 (2013): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00155.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles and their associated wind speed peaks below 1.5 km were examined through the use of a large number of GPS dropwindsondes (GPS sondes) and radar-derived velocity–azimuth display (VAD) profiles. Composite wind profiles were generated to document the mean structure of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles and their changes with storm-relative position. Composite profiles were observed to change as the radius decreased inward toward the radius of maximum winds. Profiles also varied between three azimuthal sectors. At landfal

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Gao, Jian Tao, and Xiao Rong Zhu. "The Influence of Detailed Onshore and Offshore Wind Farm Models on the System Voltage Level." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.601.

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For the power load centers in china coast, large-scale development of new energy (such as offshore wind power and onshore wind power) is not only an effective means of control the bad weather (such as fog and haze), but also the practical requirements of coastal power shortage. In this paper, according to actual situation of China's large-scale wind power accessing to the coastal load centers centrally, also the characteristics of onshore and offshore wind farm models is considered, The voltage variation in the centralized model and detailed model is analyzed based on the platform of PSD-BPA,

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Taggart, Christopher T., and William C. Leggett. "Wind-Forced Hydrodynamics and Their Interaction with Larval Fish and Plankton Abundance: A Time-Series Analysis of Physical–Biological Data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 2 (1987): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-052.

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We evaluated methods to measure simultaneously biological and physical properties essential for estimating short-term mortality of larval fish. We used the data to test Templeman's watermass exchange hypothesis and the associated safe-site hypothesis. Synoptic estimates of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus) and microzooplankton particle density were obtained simultaneously with a scale resolution of 200 m (horizontal), 2–4 m (vertical) and 6–8 h (temporal) in a 1-km2 coastal embayment in eastern Newfoundland. Statistically significant population estimates were derived from multiple regression

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Alford, A. Addison, Jun A. Zhang, Michael I. Biggerstaff, Peter Dodge, Frank D. Marks, and David J. Bodine. "Transition of the Hurricane Boundary Layer during the Landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011)." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 10 (2020): 3509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0290.1.

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AbstractThe hurricane boundary layer (HBL) has been observed in great detail through aircraft investigations of tropical cyclones over the open ocean, but the coastal transition of the HBL has been less frequently observed. During the landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011), research and operational aircraft over water sampled the open-ocean HBL simultaneously with ground-based research and operational Doppler radars onshore. The location of the radars afforded 13 h of dual-Doppler analysis over the coastal region. Thus, the HBL from the coastal waterways, through the coastal transition, and onshor

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Lunn, Lizzie. "Projects up 40%; onshore wind ahead." Renewable Energy Focus 14, no. 5 (2013): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-0084(13)70090-5.

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Mourant, Andrew. "An uphill climb for onshore wind." Renewable Energy Focus 16, no. 1 (2015): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-0084(15)30018-1.

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Meyerhoff, Jürgen, Cornelia Ohl, and Volkmar Hartje. "Landscape externalities from onshore wind power." Energy Policy 38, no. 1 (2010): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.055.

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Haces-Fernandez, Francisco, Mariee Cruz-Mendoza, and Hua Li. "Onshore Wind Farm Development: Technologies and Layouts." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072381.

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Significantly growing wind energy is being contemplated as one of the main avenues to reduce carbon footprints and decrease global risks associated with climate change. However, obtaining a comprehensive perspective on wind energy considering the many diverse factors that impact its development and growth is challenging. A significant factor in the evolution of wind energy is technological advancement and most previous reviews have focused on this topic. However, wind energy is influenced by a host of other factors, such as financial viability, environmental concerns, government incentives, an

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(Jerry) Li, Jiale, and Xiong (Bill) Yu. "Assessment of fresh water wind resources on Lake Erie." Wind Engineering 43, no. 1 (2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18821029.

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Wind farms are better been built at locations with higher wind resource potentials. As the appropriate locations become fewer and fewer to build onshore wind farms, significant attention has been drawn to the wind energy industry to build offshore wind farms. The terrain effect has fewer effects offshore than onshore since the sea level is flat and no artificial buildings are built there. The coastal line of the Great Lakes is one of those areas that not only has great wind energy potential but is also near the high population coastal cities which is short of the land surface. This article mak

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Feddersen, Falk, and Fabrice Veron. "Wind Effects on Shoaling Wave Shape." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 7 (2005): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2753.1.

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Abstract Near the shore, cross-shore winds strongly affect the location of the break point and the breaking-wave height. From casual observation from the beach, wind direction (onshore or offshore) and speed also appear to affect wave shape (i.e., skewness and asymmetry), although as of yet this effect has not been quantified near the shore. The effect of wind on shoaling wave shape is investigated with laboratory experiments using monochromatic waves and onshore-directed wind. Wind increases the shoaling wave energy at discrete multiples of the primary frequency and has a significant effect o

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Belova, Liubov A. "Earth-termination system for onshore wind Turbines." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 7-2020 (2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.7.19.008.

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The earth-termination system for towers of ground-based wind turbines in addition to protective and functional grounding provides lightning protection grounding, which is especially important since the wind turbine is susceptible to lightning strikes. If insufficient protective measures are taken, the risk of damage to a wind turbine due to a lightning strike increases. Therefore, a well-thought-out built-in grounding system for wind turbine towers is needed, which would function as necessary and guarantee long-term mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The configuration of grounding s

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Olczak, Piotr, and Tomasz Surma. "Energy Productivity Potential of Offshore Wind in Poland and Cooperation with Onshore Wind Farm." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 4258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074258.

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Wind power is the leader in electricity production among the standing RES technologies, both in Poland and in Europe/World. In Poland, so far there are only onshore wind turbines. Their dynamic increase in installed capacity has been observed, especially between 2011 and 2017. This study analyzed the impact of offshore wind energy on the ability of the Polish power system to meet power demands. For this purpose, methods of statistical analysis (of existing onshore and planned offshore technologies) for the determination of wind turbine productivity based on wind speed components data from the

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Kim, Ji-Whan, and Yoon-Kyung Kim. "Induced Effects of Environmentally Friendly Generations in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084404.

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This study estimated the induced effects of LNG, mega PV (photovoltaic), small PV, onshore wind and offshore wind power, which will be used as major power sources under the Korea’s energy transition policy. The 2015 Input–Output Statistics of Bank of Korea were used to reflect Korea’s economic structure. The MCI (manufacture, construction and installation) and O&M (operation and maintenance) of each power source would have different effects, so in the analysis the MCI and O&M of each power source were distinguished. According to estimation results, the induced-effect coefficients of th

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Cheng, Qinyu, Xiaotong Wang, Dongsheng Chen, et al. "Impact of Ship Emissions on Air Quality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA): With a Particular Focus on the Role of Onshore Wind." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118820.

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Background: ship emissions have an adverse effect on air quality in coastal regions, and this effect can be exacerbated by onshore winds. Objectives and methods: to investigate the impact of ship emissions on air pollutant concentrations during the onshore wind period in a low-latitude region in China, this study applied the WRF/Chem model to simulate the contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 and O3 by “zero-out” in 2018, in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Results/findings: results show that the onshore winds facilitated the transport of ship-emitted pollutants to inlan

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Robak, Sylwester, Robert Raczkowski, and Michał Piekarz. "Development of the Wind Generation Sector and Its Effect on the Grid Operation—The Case of Poland." Energies 16, no. 19 (2023): 6805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16196805.

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One of the main factors for changes in the structure of the energy mix in Poland is the development of renewable energy sources, in particular wind generation. In 2009–2020, the installed capacity of wind sources in Poland increased more than ninefold. At the same time, new legislation significantly curbed the development of onshore wind farms. Further development of wind energy in Poland will rely largely on offshore wind farms. The current state of development of wind power in Poland allows for analyses of the onshore part of wind energy development in Poland. The paper aims to conduct a det

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Li, Feng, Danqing Chen, Honglin Chen, et al. "Black-Start Strategy for Offshore Wind Power Delivery System Based on Series-Connected DRU-MMC Hybrid Converter." Electronics 14, no. 13 (2025): 2543. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132543.

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The series-connected DRU-MMC hybrid converter, with its compact size and cost-effectiveness, presents an attractive solution for long-distance offshore wind power transmission. However, its application is limited by the DRU’s unidirectional power flow and the voltage mismatch between the auxiliary MMC and the onshore MMC during black-start operations. To overcome these challenges, a four-stage black-start strategy utilizing an auxiliary step-down transformer connected to the onshore MMC is proposed. The proposed strategy operates as follows: The onshore MMC first lowers its valve-side voltage

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Wauer, Niels, Paul Lehmann, and Christoph Maurer. "Gebotskostenförderung in Windenergie-Auktionen." Wirtschaftsdienst 103, no. 2 (2023): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0033.

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Abstract Germany faces the challenge of rapidly breaking free from its dependence on fossil fuels. This requires a comprehensive transformation of the energy system. Onshore wind energy is one of the most important generation sources that must be developed on a large scale in order to decarbonise the energy sector. While the expansion targets were raised significantly with the Renewable Energy Law (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) 2023, the actual deployment of onshore wind energy remains in crisis. To accelerate the expansion, much has been discussed about providing land and simplifying the appro

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Paraschiv, Florentina, Benedict Anderer, and Rayan Ayari. "Gone with the Wind? An Assessment of Germany’s Onshore Wind Industry Amid Rising Chinese Competition." Sustainability 16, no. 24 (2024): 10948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410948.

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This paper studies the relative competitiveness of Germany’s onshore wind industry compared to China’s and investigates whether an equally drastic value chain relocation, similar to Germany’s solar PV industry, is likely. Based on a comprehensive study of Germany’s domestic market, international competitiveness indicators like the world trade share (WTS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), and relative export advantage (RXA), as well as an expert interview, we found that Germany’s industry has lost competitiveness in recent years, supply chain shifts to China are observable, and Chinese man

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Buße, Markus, Krispian Lowe, Sylvia Broneske, and Shogo Uchiyama. "Identifying and Overcoming the Challenges of Offshore Wind Park Noise in Japan." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 2 (2023): 6685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0991.

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This paper outlines general and specific noise related challenges from the growing demand for offshore wind park developments in the Japanese market. Offshore wind parks can contain a greater number of wind turbines with higher noise emission compared to onshore wind turbines. Japan's bathymetry characteristics impose the necessity to place fixed bottom offshore turbines close to the shore, potentially adding to the overall noise impact on built up coastal areas from onshore wind turbines, railways, roads and other industry. For this reason, careful planning and noise immission prediction for

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Santos, Pedro, Alfredo Peña, and Jakob Mann. "Departure from Flux-Gradient Relation in the Planetary Boundary Layer." Atmosphere 12, no. 6 (2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060672.

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It is well known that when eddies are small, the eddy fluxes can be directly related to the mean vertical gradients, the so-called flux-gradient relation, but such a relation becomes weaker the larger the coherent structures. Here, we show that this relation does not hold at heights relevant for wind energy applications. The flux–gradient relation assumes that the angle (β) between the vector of vertical flux of horizontal momentum and the vector of the mean vertical gradient of horizontal velocity is zero, i.e., these vectors are aligned. Our observations do not support this assumption, eithe

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Hsu, Wen-Ko, and Chung-Kee Yeh. "Offshore Wind Potential of West Central Taiwan: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123702.

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In this study, we present the wind distributions from a long-term offshore met mast and a novel approach based on the measure–correlate–predict (MCP) method from short-term onshore-wind-turbine data. The annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factors (CFs) of one onshore and four offshore wind-turbine generators (WTG) available on the market are evaluated on the basis of wind-distribution analysis from both the real met mast and the MCP method. Here, we also consider the power loss from a 4-month light detection and ranging (LiDAR) power-curve test on an onshore turbine to enhance the acc

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Perrelli, Antonio C. C., Eduardo A. Sodré, André V. R. N. Silva, et al. "Optimizing Price Markup: The Impact of Power Purchase Agreements and Energy Production Uncertainty on the Economic Performance of Onshore and Offshore Wind Farms." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 14, no. 5 (2024): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.16637.

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Wind energy is rapidly expanding its capacity as part of the global energy transition. To ensure economic viability, wind energy projects increasingly rely on risk mitigation strategies. While Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) manage spot market price variability, wind farms still face energy production uncertainty, directly impacting the quantity of energy generated. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the price markup for onshore and offshore wind farms, considering energy production uncertainty under PPA and non-PPA scenarios. The study examines key metrics such as equilibrium pr

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Karam M. Sallam and Ali Wagdy Mohamed. "Neutrosophic MCDM Methodology for Evaluation Onshore Wind for Electricity Generation and Sustainability Ecological." Neutrosophic Systems with Applications 4 (April 29, 2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.61356/j.nswa.2023.22.

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The conviction in the necessity of renewable energy has been prompted by both the constantly increasing need for power production and the ecological issues of recent years. When it comes to generating power in a sustainable manner, wind is among the most essential renewable energy sources. This research attempts to present a structural technique for assessing the performance of operational onshore wind facilities with respect to the three dimensions of sustainability. The energy production, environmental effect, and practicability of onshore wind facilities are all dependent on accurate assess

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Sun, Hyosung. "Noise impact assessment of onshore and offshore wind turbine." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (2021): 5443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3108.

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Because of climate change and environmentally friendly energy policy in Korea, the demand for a new renewable energy development has been increased. Especially, the onshore and offshore wind turbines have played an important role in the power system for generating eco friendly energy. However, in the stage of constructing and operating the onshore and offshore wind turbines, the aerodynamic and underwater noise effect on human and marine life becomes a prominent figure on a social issue, and it is necessary to prepare the assessment method of these noise impacts in order to prevent the influen

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Carpenter, Chris. "Study Compares Fixed Wind Architectures for Offshore Green Hydrogen Production." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 09 (2023): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0923-0079-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32317, “Fixed Wind Architecture Comparison for Offshore Green Hydrogen Production,” by Dominic Pliszka, Catherine Gourlay, and Nihad Abdullazada, Subsea7, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ The complete paper is a summary of a study that covers through-life economics for producing green hydrogen from offshore fixed wind turbines. The options compare production of hydrogen on the turbine itself (decentralized) wit

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da Silva, Valdenildo Pedro, and Maria Luiza de Medeiros Galvão. "Onshore Wind Power Generation and Sustainability Challenges in Northeast Brazil: A Quick Scoping Review." Wind 2, no. 2 (2022): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind2020011.

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Onshore wind energy has been one of the most promising new renewable energy sources in the Northeast region of Brazil. This technology has generated long-term energy without serious socio-environmental impacts for some and, therefore, has been considered clean, renewable, and sustainable. However, given its spatial complexity, water scarcity, and social poverty of indigenous populations, the development of wind energy in vulnerable areas of this region raises socio-ecological concerns. Hence, studies of sustainability challenges are essential. The aim of this article is to systematically revie

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Konagaya, Mizuki, Teruo Ohsawa, Toshinari Mito, Takeshi Misaki, Taro Maruo, and Yasuyuki Baba. "Estimation of Nearshore Wind Conditions Using Onshore Observation Data with Computational Fluid Dynamic and Mesoscale Models." Resources 11, no. 11 (2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11110100.

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This study aimed to establish numerical models to replicate wind conditions for nearshore waters, sensitive to onshore topography, and to compare the characteristics of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and mesoscale models. Vertical Doppler light detection and ranging (LiDAR) observation data were measured at an onshore site, which showed that wind conditions were affected by thermodynamic phenomena, such as land and sea breeze, and dynamical effects from neighboring onshore topography. The estimation accuracy of the CFD model depended on the height of the LiDAR data input. A height close to

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