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Siswanto, Olivia, Jennifer Brady, Patricia Alvarenga, et al. "“Forgetting the Pain”: Successful Applicants’ Experiences of Attaining a Dietetic Internship Position in Ontario." Critical Dietetics 2, no. 1 (2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/cd.v2i1.780.
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This study seeks to explore the lived experience of students who applied to an Ontario-based dietetic internship program and were successful upon their first application attempt. A 32-item online survey was distributed via email to all students who graduated from Brescia University College, Guelph University, and Ryerson University between 2006 and 2011 and to members of the Dietitians of Canada Student Network, Toronto Home Economics Association, and Ontario Home Economists in Business. The final survey item invited respondents to participate in one-on-one interview. The semi-structured interviews focused on participants’ experience of applying to and receiving an internship position. Interviews were conducted either in person or by telephone and were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed by the research team. Of the 82 participants who completed the online survey, 17 respondents participated in a one-on-one interview. Even students who were successful at attaining an internship are negatively impacted by having to compete with peers for an internship spot in Ontario. This research serves as a comparison to previous work examining the experiences of not attaining an internship. Both studies point directly to the changes urgently required to enhance the current model of education and training in Ontario.
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Green, Cara, Virginia Vandall-Walker, Lee Rysdale, et al. "You Can’t Touch…or Can You? Dietitians’ Perceptions of Expressive Touch in Client Encounters." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 81, no. 3 (2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2020-005.
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Purpose: We explored Registered Dietitians’ (RDs’) perceptions about expressive touch (ET) as a means to provide client-centred care, a practice unreported to date. For this study, ET is defined as relatively spontaneous, responsive, and affective contact by dietitians. Methods: This exploratory study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. RDs in Northern Ontario were surveyed (54% response, n = 135) and these results were further explored in interviews with a subset of participants (n = 17). Analysis included descriptive and association statistics and qualitative description. Results: Most RDs considered ET a useful tool for effective client communication (66%–77%), yet they were hesitant to enact the practice (81%). Analysis of interviews revealed ET to be “situationally beneficial” with uptake influenced by an interplay of factors, described as: perceived client openness to touch, the environment, and RD comfort with touch. Greater uptake was reported among RDs working with distressed clients and clients in ambulatory clinics and long-term care. ET practice was limited by personal safety concerns, unknown client customs, and client misinterpretation. Conclusion: ET was valued by many RDs as an enhancement to client-centred care. Selective use of ET is influenced by the context of dietetic practice and by perceived client and RD comfort with the use of ET.
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Shivappa, Nitin, Qun Miao, Melanie Walker, James R. Hébert, and Kristan J. Aronson. "Association Between a Dietary Inflammatory Index and Prostate Cancer Risk in Ontario, Canada." Nutrition and Cancer 69, no. 6 (2017): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1339095.
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Campitelli, M. A., L. C. Rosella, and J. C. Kwong. "The association between obesity and outpatient visits for acute respiratory infections in Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Obesity 38, no. 1 (2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.57.
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Handa, Kiren, and Nancy Kreiger. "Diet patterns and the risk of renal cell carcinoma." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 6 (2002): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002347.
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AbstractObjectives:Our objective was to identify food intake patterns that might be associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma.Design:A total of 461 cases (210 females, 251 males) were age frequency matched to population controls. Diet factors were created using factor analysis of 69 food items from a food-frequency questionnaire. These factors were modelled using logistic regression to identify those associated with renal cell carcinoma.Setting:We investigated the role of diet in the aetiology of renal cell carcinoma using a population-based case–control study conducted in Ontario between 1995 and 1996.Subjects:Cases were Ontario residents 20 to 74 years of age identified through review of pathology reports in the Ontario Cancer Registry.Results:A ‘dessert’ diet factor was positively associated with disease for both sexes (odds ratio estimate (OR) for males = 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–6.9; OR for females = 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–2.2, for the highest vs. lowest quartile). In males, a ‘beef’ diet factor was identified and was associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, a ‘juices’ diet factor also showed an association with increased risk in males ( OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.1). For females, a positive association was observed between renal cell carcinoma and an ‘unhealthy’ diet factor ( OR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–2.4).Conclusions:Our findings confirmed that high-fat and high-protein diets might be risk factors for renal cell carcinoma. The data also suggest an increased risk associated with juice intake, a finding not previously reported.
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Woodruff, Sarah J., Katherine Fryer, Ty Campbell, and Mary Cole. "Associations among blood pressure, salt consumption and body weight status of students from south-western Ontario." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 5 (2013): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000335.
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AbstractObjectiveThe purpose was to examine the associations among body weight status, blood pressure and daily Na intake among grade 7 students from south-western Ontario, Canada.DesignCross-sectional. Data were collected using the Food Behaviour Questionnaire, including a 24 h diet recall. Measured height and weight were used to determine BMI. Blood pressure was taken manually using mercury sphygmomanometers.SettingTwenty-six schools in south-western Ontario, Canada.SubjectsGrade 7 students (n1068).ResultsBody weight status indicated 1 % were underweight, 56 % normal weight, 23 % overweight and 20 % were obese. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 108·3 (sd10·3) mmHg and 66·0 (sd7·5) mmHg, respectively, and mean Na intake was 2799 (sd1539) mg/d. Bivariate analyses suggested that SBP (P< 0·001) and DBP (P< 0·001) were significantly different by body weight status, yet no associations were observed for Na. Adjusted for gender, ethnicity and under-reporting, participants were more likely to be overweight/obese if they had higher SBP (v.lower: OR = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·08,P< 0·001), higher DBP (v.lower: OR = 1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04,P= 0·043) and higher intakes of Na (3rdv.1st quartile: OR = 1·72, 95 % CI 1·14, 2·59,P= 0·009; 4thv.1st quartile: OR = 2·88, 95 % CI, 1·76, 4·73,P< 0·001).ConclusionsHigh intakes of Na, coupled with high SBP and DBP, were associated with overweight and obesity status among the grade 7 sample from south-western Ontario, Canada.
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Woodruff, Sarah J., and Rhona M. Hanning. "Associations between diet quality and physical activity measures among a southern Ontario regional sample of grade 6 students." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 6 (2010): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-085.
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The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality and physical activity behaviours of grade 6 students by sex and body weight status, and to determine the associations between diet quality and physical activity behaviours. The Web-based Food Behaviour Questionnaire, which included a 24-h diet recall and the modified Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), was administered to a cross-section of schools (n = 405 students from 15 schools). Measured height and weight were used to calculate body mass index and weight status (Cole et al. 2000). A Canadian version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was used to describe overall diet quality. The mean HEI-C was 69.6 (13.2) with the majority (72%) falling into the needs improvement category. The overall mean physical activity score was 3.7 out of a maximum of 5, with obese subjects being less active compared with normal weight and overweight (p < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis (of HEI-C vs. all measures of the PAQ-C, sex, and weight status) revealed that HEI-C ratings were likely to be higher in students that walked to and from school 5 days per week (vs. 0 days per week; odds ratio 3.18, p = 0.010); and were active 1 evening per week (vs. none; odds ratio 3.48, p = 0.039). The positive association between diet quality and some aspects of physical activity suggests possible clustering of health behaviours. Future research should test the potential benefits of promoting 1 health behaviour (e.g., healthy eating) with another (e.g., physical activity).
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Woodruff, Sarah J., Katherine Campbell, Ty Campbell, and Mary Cole. "The associations of meals and snacks on family meals among a sample of grade 7 students from Southwestern Ontario." Appetite 82 (November 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.017.
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Ward, Heather, Valerie Tarasuk, and Rena Mendelson. "Adiposity, education and weight loss effort are independently associated with energy reporting quality in the Ontario Food Survey." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 8 (2007): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007258598.
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AbstractObjectivesTo examine the associations of adiposity, dietary restraint and other personal characteristics with energy reporting quality.Design/subjectsSecondary analysis of 230 women and 158 men from the 1997/98 Ontario Food Survey.MethodsEnergy reporting quality was estimated by ratios of energy intake (EI) to both basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine energy reporting quality between two dietary recalls and in relation to body mass index (BMI) with adjustment for potential confounders. Energy reporting quality was explored across categories of age, BMI, income, education, dieting status and food insecurity through analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsFrom the ANOVA, energy reporting quality was associated with BMI group, age category and weight loss for men and women, as well as with education among women (P < 0.05). The multivariate regression analyses indicated that energy reporting quality was positively associated with education and inversely associated with obesity and dieting. No associations were observed in relation to food insecurity or income (P>0.05). EI:BMR and EI:TEE on the first and second 24-hour recalls were positively related (P < 0.0001 for men and women). A higher proportion of variance in energy reporting quality was explained for women than for men (R2 = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively).ConclusionsStudies of diet and adiposity are probably hindered to some extent by BMI-related variation in energy reporting quality. Methods to address this issue are urgently needed if population surveys will continue to serve as the primary source of dietary intake data.
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Zhu, Yun, Peizhon Peter Wang, Jing Zhao, et al. "DietaryN-nitroso compounds and risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 6 (2013): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003462.
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SeveralN-nitroso compounds (NOC) have been shown to be carcinogenic in a variety of laboratory animals, but evidence of their carcinogenicity in humans is lacking. We aimed to examine the association between NOC intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and possible effect modification by vitamins C and E and protein in a large case–control study carried out in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada. A total of 1760 case patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma and 2481 population controls were asked to complete a self-administered FFQ to evaluate their dietary intakes 1 year before diagnosis (for cases) or interview (for controls). Adjusted OR and 95 % CI were calculated across the quintiles of NOC (measured byN-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)) intake and relevant food items using unconditional logistic regression. NDMA intake was found to be associated with a higher risk of CRC (highestv.lowest quintiles: OR 1·42, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·96;Pfor trend = 0·005), specifically for rectal carcinoma (OR 1·61, 95 % CI 1·11, 2·35;Pfor trend = 0·01). CRC risk also increased with the consumption of NDMA-containing meats when the highest tertile was compared with the lowest tertile (OR 1·47, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·10;Pfor trend = 0·20). There was evidence of effect modification between dietary vitamin E and NDMA. Individuals with high NDMA and low vitamin E intakes had a significantly increased risk than those with both low NDMA and low vitamin E intakes (OR 3·01, 95 % CI 1·43, 6·51;Pfor interaction = 0·017). The present results support the hypothesis that NOC intake may be positively associated with CRC risk in humans. Vitamin E, which inhibits nitrosation, could modify the effect of NDMA on CRC risk.
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Jarvis, Sarah, Maria Tinajero, Tauseef Khan, Anthony Hanley, David Jenkins, and Vasanti Malik. "Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_028.
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Abstract Objectives Plant-based diets defined by limited animal food consumption have been extensively associated with cardiometabolic health benefits in Western nations. Diet indices are increasingly used to distinguish the protective characteristics of a plant-based diet at different levels of adherence. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between adherence to plant-based diet indices and cardiometabolic risk. A plant-based diet index (PDI) is hypothesized to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a stronger association with the healthful index (hPDI) that emphasizes higher quality plant-based foods. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases through January 2021. Prospective cohort studies assessing the association of plant-based diet indices with T2D and CVD in adults were included and appraised for risk of bias and quality (NutriGrade). We followed the PRISMA-P, Cochrane and MOOSE guidelines. Random and fixed-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool risk ratios (RR) of extreme quantiles. Dose-response meta-analyses were conducted after harmonizing all diet index scores. I2-values of 30–60%, 50–90%, and 75–100% denoted moderate, substantial, and considerable heterogeneity respectively. Results We included a total of 10 studies from 5927 retrievals. Across 6 studies there were 22 135 cases of T2D over 4 817 308 person-years. Across 7 studies there were 15 077 cases of CVD over 6 117 016 person-years. The PDI was associated with a lower risk of T2D (RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.75, 0.91], I2 = 55.4%), and CVD (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.8, 0.96], I2 = 16.2%). The hPDI had a stronger inverse association with T2D (RR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.68, 0.77], I2 = 84.3%) and CVD (RR = 0.8, 95% CI [0.77, 0.88], I2 = 55.9%). All dose-response relationships were linear (except hPDI with CVD). All studies had acceptable risk of bias and the quality of evidence was moderate. Conclusions Adherence to a plant-based diet was inversely associated with T2D and CVD with a stronger association for a healthful plant-based diet pattern. Since highest quantiles of the index still included moderate meat consumption, linear dose-responses emphasized potential benefits on risk of T2D and CVD with any incremental progression towards a plant-based diet. Funding Sources Nora Martin Fellowship, Ontario Graduate Scholarship.
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Jones, Amanda C., David Hammond, Jessica L. Reid, and Scott T. Leatherdale. "Where Should We Eat? Lunch Source and Dietary Measures Among Youth During the School Week." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 76, no. 4 (2015): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2015-019.
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Purpose: To examine lunch sources during the school week among students and the associations with fruits and vegetable (F&V) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Methods: Students (n = 23 680) from 43 Ontario, Canada, secondary schools completed a health behaviour survey in the Year 1 COMPASS study. Analysis used generalized linear mixed effects models. Results: The most frequently reported lunch source was home (2.9 days per school week), then the school cafeteria (1.1) and fast-food places or restaurants (FFRs) (0.9). Eating a home lunch was associated with having less spending money, white ethnicity, and females; whereas cafeteria lunch was associated with more spending money, lower school grade, and females. A FFR lunch was associated with males, more spending money, and higher physical activity. Greater frequency of a home lunch was associated with greater F&V consumption. Greater frequency of a FFR lunch was associated with more frequent SSB consumption. Cafeteria lunches were associated with increases in both SSB and F&V. Conclusions: Eating a lunch obtained from outside of the home is a regular behaviour among students. Sources of school-week lunches may have an important influence on dietary intake among youth. These findings reinforce the need for strategies to promote healthier lunch sources and healthier food options.
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Perreault, Maude, Victoria Y. Y. Xu, Suzanne Hamilton, Deslyn Wright, Warren Foster, and Stephanie A. Atkinson. "Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Bone Nutrients in Pregnant Women." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 77, no. 3 (2016): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2016-002.
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Purpose: The aim was to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against a 3-day food record (3DFR) for pregnant women with a focus on nutrients important for bone health from food and supplements. Methods: The FFQ and 3DFR were administered to pregnant women (n = 42) aged 18–45 years in their third trimester of pregnancy in Hamilton, Ontario. Nutrient analysis of intakes was conducted using an FFQ calculator and Nutritionist-Pro software. The average daily serving consumption of Milk and alternatives group and Vegetable subgroup from Canada’s Food Guide were also compared. Results: There was a high positive correlation between methods for total dietary vitamin D (r = 0.83). Low positive associations were observed for total protein (r = 0.37), calcium (r = 0.36), vitamin K (r = 0.41), and servings of Milk and alternatives (r = 0.36). A cross-classification analysis using participants’ intake quartiles revealed no major misclassifications. Bland–Altman analysis showed that the FFQ mildly underestimated the intake for protein, whereas it grossly overestimated the intake of vitamin K, and daily servings of Milk and alternatives and Vegetable. Conclusions: This FFQ can serve as a useful tool in clinical and research settings to assess key bone nutrients from foods and supplement sources in pregnant women.
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Minaker, Leia M., Dana L. Olstad, Mary E. Thompson, Kim D. Raine, Pat Fisher, and Lawrence D. Frank. "Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outcomes: findings from the NEWPATH study." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 12 (2016): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000355.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to: (i) examine associations between food store patronage and diet and weight-related outcomes; and (ii) explore consumer motivations for visiting different types of food store.DesignA stratified probability sample of residents completed household and individual-level surveys in 2009/2010 on food purchasing patterns and motivations, dietary intake, waist circumference (WC), weight and height. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index for Canada from a subset of participants (n 1362). Generalized estimating equations were created in 2015 to examine how frequency of patronizing different types of food store was associated with diet quality, intake of fruits and vegetable, mean intake of energy (kcal) sodium and saturated fat, WC and BMI.SettingThree mid-sized urban municipalities in Ontario, Canada.SubjectsA representative sample of residents (n 4574).ResultsParticipants who shopped frequently at food co-ops had significantly better diet quality (β=5·3; 99 % CI 0·3, 10·2) than those who did not. BMI and WC were significantly lower among those who frequently shopped at specialty shops (BMI, β=−2·1; 99 % CI −3·0, −1·1; WC, β=−4·8; 99 % CI −7·0, −2·5) and farmers’ markets (BMI, β=−1·4; 99 % CI −2·3, −0·5; WC, β=−3·8; 99 % CI −6·0, −1·6) compared with those who did not. Relative importance of reasons for food outlet selection differed by large (price, food quality) v. small (proximity, convenient hours) shopping trip and by outlet type.ConclusionsFindings contribute to our understanding of food store selection and have implications for potentially relevant retail food intervention settings.
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Glenn, Andrea, Kenneth Lo, David Jenkins, et al. "Greater Adherence to the Portfolio Diet Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_027.
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Abstract Objectives To assess the association of the plant-based cholesterol-lowering diet, the Portfolio Diet, with incident type 2 diabetes in women. Methods We followed 147,732 postmenopausal women initially free of diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study from 1993 through 2017. Adherence to the Portfolio Diet was assessed using an a priori diet index based on six food categories (high in plant protein [soy & pulses], nuts, viscous fiber, plant sterols and monounsaturated fat, and low in saturated fat) that were previously found to lower cardiovascular risk factors in the Portfolio Diet trials. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association of adherence to a Portfolio Diet score with incident type 2 diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders (demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and medical history). The Portfolio Diet score was cumulatively assessed at baseline and year three using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Type 2 diabetes diagnosis was ascertained by self-reported medication use. Results There were 14,096 cases of incident type 2 diabetes over a mean follow-up of 14.3 years. In the fully adjusted models, adherence to the Portfolio Diet score was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR, 0.88, CIs, 0.83, 0.93; P for trend < 0.001), comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of adherence. Results remained similar across subgroup analyses (age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity) and several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Among postmenopausal women, higher adherence to the Portfolio Diet was associated with lower incident type 2 diabetes. These findings are the first to show that the Portfolio Diet may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and warrants further investigation. Funding Sources The WHI was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. AJG was supported by the Banting & Best Diabetes Centre Tamarack Graduate Award in Diabetes Research, the Peterborough K.M. Hunter Charitable Foundation Graduate Award, and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. JLS was funded by a Diabetes Canada Clinician Scientist Award.
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Kirkpatrick, Sharon I., and Valerie Tarasuk. "Assessing the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics to the household food security of low-income Toronto families." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 7 (2010): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000339.
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AbstractObjectiveAlthough the sociodemographic characteristics of food-insecure households have been well documented, there has been little examination of neighbourhood characteristics in relation to this problem. In the present study we examined the association between household food security and neighbourhood features including geographic food access and perceived neighbourhood social capital.DesignCross-sectional survey and mapping of discount supermarkets and community food programmes.SettingTwelve high-poverty neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.SubjectsRespondents from 484 low-income families who had children and who lived in rental accommodations.ResultsFood insecurity was pervasive, affecting two-thirds of families with about a quarter categorized as severely food insecure, indicative of food deprivation. Food insecurity was associated with household factors including income and income source. However, food security did not appear to be mitigated by proximity to food retail or community food programmes, and high rates of food insecurity were observed in neighbourhoods with good geographic food access. While low perceived neighbourhood social capital was associated with higher odds of food insecurity, this effect did not persist once we accounted for household sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsOur findings raise questions about the extent to which neighbourhood-level interventions to improve factors such as food access or social cohesion can mitigate problems of food insecurity that are rooted in resource constraints. In contrast, the results reinforce the importance of household-level characteristics and highlight the need for interventions to address the financial constraints that underlie problems of food insecurity.
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Borghese, Michael M., Mark S. Tremblay, Genevieve Leduc, et al. "Independent and combined associations of total sedentary time and television viewing time with food intake patterns of 9- to 11-year-old Canadian children." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 8 (2014): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0551.
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The relationships among sedentary time, television viewing time, and dietary patterns in children are not fully understood. The aim of this paper was to determine which of self-reported television viewing time or objectively measured sedentary time is a better correlate of the frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 9- to 11-year-old children (n = 523; 57.1% female) from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Accelerometers were used to determine total sedentary time, and questionnaires were used to determine the number of hours of television watching and the frequency of consumption of foods per week. Television viewing was negatively associated with the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables, and green vegetables, and positively associated with the frequency of consumption of sweets, soft drinks, diet soft drinks, pastries, potato chips, French fries, fruit juices, ice cream, fried foods, and fast food. Except for diet soft drinks and fruit juices, these associations were independent of covariates, including sedentary time. Total sedentary time was negatively associated with the frequency of consumption of sports drinks, independent of covariates, including television viewing. In combined sedentary time and television viewing analyses, children watching >2 h of television per day consumed several unhealthy food items more frequently than did children watching ≤2 h of television, regardless of sedentary time. In conclusion, this paper provides evidence to suggest that television viewing time is more strongly associated with unhealthy dietary patterns than is total sedentary time. Future research should focus on reducing television viewing time, as a means of improving dietary patterns and potentially reducing childhood obesity.
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He, Meizi, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer D. Irwin, Jason Gilliland, Kristian Larsen, and Paul Hess. "Obesogenic neighbourhoods: the impact of neighbourhood restaurants and convenience stores on adolescents’ food consumption behaviours." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 12 (2012): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000584.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the neighbourhood food environment and dietary intake among adolescents.DesignCross-sectional design using: (i) a geographic information system to assess characteristics of the neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood socio-economic status; (ii) the modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to assess participants’ overall diet quality; and (iii) generalized linear models to examine associations between HEI and home and school food environmental correlates.SettingMid-sized Canadian city in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsGrade 7 and 8 students (n810) at twenty-one elementary schools.ResultsStudents living in neighbourhoods with a lower diversity of land-use types, compared with their higher diversity counterparts, had higher HEI scores (P< 0·05). Students with more than 1 km between their home and the nearest convenience store had higher HEI scores than those living within 1 km (P< 0·01). Students attending schools with a distance further than 1 km from the nearest convenience store (P< 0·01) and fast-food outlet (P< 0·05) had higher HEI scores than those within 1 km. Those attending schools with three or more fast-food outlets within 1 km had lower HEI scores than those attending schools with no fast-food outlet in the school surroundings (P< 0·05).ConclusionsClose proximity to convenience stores in adolescents’ home environments is associated with low HEI scores. Within adolescents’ school environments, close proximity to convenience and fast-food outlets and a high density of fast-food outlets are associated with low HEI scores.
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Xu, Chang, Nathalie E. Marchand, Jeffrey B. Driban, Timothy McAlindon, Charles B. Eaton, and Bing Lu. "Dietary Patterns and Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 3 (2020): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz333.
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ABSTRACT Background While some individual foods and nutrients have been associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression, the association between dietary patterns and KOA progression has received little research attention. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary patterns, derived by principal components analysis (PCA), are associated with KOA progression. Methods In the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a prospective cohort with clinical centers in Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, 2757 participants with existing KOA (mean age 62 y) and diet assessed at baseline were followed for ≤72 mo. Using PCA, Western and prudent dietary patterns were derived. Radiographic KOA progression was assessed using 2 separate measures, 1 full Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade increase and loss in joint space width (JSW). Symptomatic KOA progression was defined as an increase in or remaining in 1 of the 2 highest classification categories of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results Adherence to Western and prudent dietary patterns was significantly associated with radiographic and symptomatic progression of KOA. With increasing Western pattern score, there was increased KL-worsening risk (compared with quartile 1, HR for quartile 4: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.61; P-trend < 0.01) and increased odds of progression to higher WOMAC score (compared with quartile 1, OR for quartile 4: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.63; P-trend < 0.01) but no significant change in JSW loss. With increasing prudent pattern score there was decreased KL-worsening risk (compared with quartile 1, HR for quartile 4: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98; P-trend = 0.02), decreased JSW loss (quartile 1: 0.46 mm; quartile 4: 0.38 mm; P-trend < 0.01), and decreased odds of higher WOMAC progression (compared with quartile 1, OR for quartile 4 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86; P-trend < 0.01) in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusions Adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with increased radiographic and symptomatic KOA progression, while following a prudent pattern was associated with reduced progression. In general, for people already diagnosed with KOA, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, and legumes may be related to decreased radiographic and symptomatic disease progression.
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Buccino, Jennifer, and Leslie Whittington-Carter. "Successes and Challenges Implementing a “Fresh from the Farm” Fundraising Program in Schools." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, December 15, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2020-034.
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In 2013, 4 partner organizations: Dietitians of Canada (DC); Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; and Ontario Ministry of Education created “Fresh from the Farm” (FFF), a healthy fundraiser for Ontario Schools. FFF was designed to support the Ontario government’s School Food and Beverage Policy and Local Food Act and to provide a feasible alternative for less healthy fundraising options. This paper outlines the program successes and challenges over the 6 years of DC’s involvement. After 6 years, over 1700 schools successfully participated in FFF and over $2 million has been paid to Ontario farmers for product and distribution. The average participating school has generated $2040 in sales towards their fundraising efforts, equating to 770 kg (1700 lbs) of fresh produce per school. Schools reported high satisfaction with FFF, with over 90% of participating schools enrolling in subsequent years. The main reasons for satisfaction included: easy to implement, profitable, offers a healthy alternative to “traditional” fundraising programs, and provides great value for cost. The main challenges were logistics of sourcing and delivery, higher than anticipated costs that made the financial model less feasible than predicted, and competition from other fundraisers.
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Meng, Tao, Johanna E. Wilson, Alison Venn, et al. "Association between diet quality in adolescence and adulthood and knee symptoms in adulthood: a 25-year cohort study." British Journal of Nutrition, July 14, 2021, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114521002658.
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Abstract We aimed to describe associations between diet quality in adolescence and adulthood and knee symptoms in adulthood. 275 participants had adolescent diet measurements, 399 had adult diet measurements, and 240 had diet measurements in both timepoints. Diet quality was assessed by Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI), reflecting adherence to Australian Dietary Guidelines. Knee symptoms were collected using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Data were analysed using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. The overall adolescent DGI was not associated with adult knee symptoms, although lower intake of discretionary foods (e.g. cream, alcohol, bacon, and cake) in adolescence was associated with lower pain (Mean ratio (MR): 0.96) and dysfunction (MR: 0.94). The overall adult DGI was not associated with knee symptoms; however, limiting saturated fat was associated with lower WOMAC (Pain: MR 0.93; stiffness: MR 0.93; dysfunction: MR 0.91), drinking water was associated with lower stiffness (MR 0.90) and fruit intake was associated with lower dysfunction (MR 0.90). Higher DGI for dairy in adulthood was associated with higher WOMAC (Pain: MR 1.07; stiffness: MR 1.13; dysfunction: MR 1.11). Additionally, the score increases from adolescence to adulthood were not associated with adult knee symptoms, except for associations between score increase in limiting saturated fat and lower stiffness (MR 0.89) and between score increase in fruit intake and lower dysfunction (MR 0.92). In conclusion, the overall diet quality in adolescence and adulthood were not associated with knee symptoms in adulthood. However, some diet components may affect later knee symptoms.
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Sun, Zhuoyu, Lin Liu, Peizhong Peter Wang, et al. "Association of total energy intake and macronutrient consumption with colorectal cancer risk: results from a large population-based case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada." Nutrition Journal 11, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-18.
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Domingo, Ashleigh, Jerry Spiegel, Martin Guhn, et al. "Predictors of household food insecurity and relationship with obesity in First Nations communities in British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta and Ontario." Public Health Nutrition, May 5, 2020, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004889.
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Abstract Objective: To further understandings of household food insecurity in First Nations communities in Canada and its relationship with obesity. Design: Analysis of a cross-sectional dataset from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study representative of First Nations communities south of the 60th parallel. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between food insecurity and sociodemographic factors, as well as the odds of obesity among food-insecure households adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Setting: Western and Central Canada. Participants: First Nations peoples aged ≥19 years. Results: Forty-six percent of First Nations households experienced food insecurity. Food insecurity was highest for respondents who received social assistance; had ≤10 years of education; were female; had children in the household; were 19–30 years old; resided in Alberta; and had no year-round road access into the community. Rates of obesity were highest for respondents residing in marginally food-insecure households (female 56·6 %; male 54·6 %). In gender-specific analyses, the odds of obesity were highest among marginally food-insecure households in comparison with food-secure households, for both female (OR 1·57) and male (OR 1·57) respondents, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. For males only, those in severely food-insecure (compared with food-secure) households had lower odds of obesity after adjusting for confounding (OR 0·56). Conclusions: The interrelated challenges of food insecurity and obesity in First Nations communities emphasise the need for Indigenous-led, culturally appropriate and food sovereign approaches to food security and nutrition in support of holistic wellness and prevention of chronic disease.
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Blanchette, Sébastien, Richard Larouche, Mark S. Tremblay, Guy Faulkner, Negin A. Riazi, and Francois Trudeau. "Influence of weather conditions on children's school travel mode and physical activity in three diverse regions of Canada." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, November 26, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0277.
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Children who engage in active school transportation (AST) have higher levels of physical activity (PA). Climate and weather were shown to influence adults' daily travel behaviours, but their influence on children's AST and PA has been less examined. This study examined the influence of weather conditions on children’s active school transportation (AST) and overall physical activity (PA). Children in grades 4 to 6 (N=1,699; 10.2 ± 1.0 years old) were recruited in schools located in urban, suburban and rural areas, stratified by area-level socioeconomic status (SES), in three different regions of Canada (Trois-Rivières, Québec; Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia). Mode of school travel was self-reported and physical activity was measured using a pedometer. We used publicly available data on total precipitation and early morning temperature. AST increased with temperature only among girls. Daily precipitation was negatively associated with boys’ and girls’ PA while warmer temperature was associated with increased PA on weekend days. We also observed that season and region moderated the relationship between weather conditions and children’s physical activity behaviors. Our results suggest that daily weather variations influence children’s AST and PA to a greater extent than seasonal variations. Interventions designed to help children and families adapt to weather-related barriers to AST and PA are needed.
Novelty bullets
• In Canada, weather conditions may influence children’s active behaviors daily.
• Associations between weather conditions, choice of travel mode and physical activity vary by gender, season, and region.
• Weather affects children's PA differently during the week than on weekends.
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Eftekharsadat, Bina, Dawood Aghamohammadi, Neda Dolatkhah, Maryam Hashemian, and Halale Salami. "Lower serum levels of alpha tocopherol and lycopene is associated with higher pain and physical disability in subjects with primary knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, January 23, 2020, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000635.
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Abstract. Background: We aimed to determine dietary intake and serum concentration of α-tocopherol and lycopene in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in relation to pain intensity and functional status and comparing them with healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 patients with primary KOA and 35 matched healthy subjects selected using convenience sampling method. Dietary intakes of alpha-tocopherol and lycopene were estimated from 24-hour dietary records. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) index were used to assess the pain and functional status, respectively. Results: Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol ( 0.024 ± 0.005 vs. 0.028 ± 0.007 μmol/ml, p-value = 0.021) and lycopene ( 0.616 ± 0.191 vs. 0.727 ± 0.159 μmol/l, p-value = 0.011) were significantly lower in OA patients in comparison with healthy controls. Dietary intake of alpha-tocopherol was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r = –0.401, p–value = 0.021) and pain ( r = –0.356, p-value = 0.042) and physical function ( r = –0.355, p-value = 0.043) subscales. Dietary intake of lycopene was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r = –0.616, p-value < 0.001) and pain ( r = –0.348, p-value = 0.047) and physical function ( r = –0.606, p-value < 0.001) subscales. Additionally, serum concentration of alpha-tocopherol was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r = –0.574, p-value < 0.001) and physical function subscale ( r = –0.571, p-value < 0.001). Serum concentration of lycopene was negatively associated with total WOMAC score ( r = –0.360, p-value = 0.040) and physical function subscale ( r = –0.350, p-value = 0.046) Conclusion: Serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and lycopene were significantly lower in patients with KOA than in healthy controls. Significant negative association was detected between serum concentration and dietary intake of α-tocopherol and lycopene with functional disability in patients with KOA.