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Journal articles on the topic 'Ontario, Northwestern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Pynn, B. "Craniomaxillofacial injuries in northwestern Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42, no. 10 (October 2013): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.212.

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2

Podur, Justin, David L. Martell, and Keith Knight. "Statistical quality control analysis of forest fire activity in Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-183.

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Statistical quality-control methods were used to detect significant changes in the mean and variance of the annual fire occurrence and area burned in Canada (19182000), Ontario (19172000), and northwestern Ontario (19172000). The quality-control chart method employed uses the first half of the record of a process as a baseline to test for significant changes in the mean or variance of the process in the second half of the record. Significant increases were detected in annual area burned and in fire occurrence in Canada, Ontario, and northwestern Ontario.

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3

Litvinjenko, S., and D. Lunny. "Hospitalisations pour une blastomycose dans le nord-ouest de l’Ontario, de 2006 à 2015." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 43, no. 10 (October 5, 2017): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i10a02f.

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4

Rahi, Ali A., Colin Bowling, and Dale Simpson. "A red pine provenance test in northwestern Ontario: 48-year results." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86348-3.

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Survival, total height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the fall of 2005 in a 48-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance trial growing in northwestern Ontario. There was significant variation in both height and diameter among the 23 provenances. Generally, westerly provenances performed well while those from the Maritime Provinces exhibited relatively poor growth. Considering that the plantation is at the northern biological range of red pine, survival was high, averaging 96% after 48 years. Provenances with the best growth rates exceeded a volume of 420 m3 ha-1. Some provenances from Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Fort Frances, Ontario exhibited superior growth and should be considered as seed sources for future planting programs in northwestern Ontario. Key words: red pine, provenance test, survival, diameter, height, volume, Northwestern Ontario

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5

Dalcin, Daniel, and Syed Zaki Ahmed. "Blastomycosis in Northwestern Ontario, 2004 to 2014." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 26, no. 5 (2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/468453.

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Blastomycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused byBlastomyces dermatitidisand the recently discoveredBlastomyces gilchristii. The medical charts of 64 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis in northwestern Ontario during a 10-year period (2004 to 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients diagnosed with blastomycosis in Ontario was observed to have increased substantially compared with before 1990, when blastomycosis was removed from the list of reportable diseases. Aboriginals were observed to be disproportionately represented in the patient population. Of the patients whose smoking status was known, 71.4% had a history of smoking. 59.4% of patients had underlying comorbidities and a higher comorbidity rate was observed among Aboriginal patients. The case-fatality rate from direct complications of blastomycosis disease was calculated to be 20.3%; this case-fatality rate is the highest ever to be reported in Canada and more than double that of previously published Canadian studies. The clinical characteristics of 64 patients diagnosed with blastomycosis are summarized.

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6

Litvinjenko, S., and D. Lunny. "Blastomycosis hospitalizations in northwestern Ontario: 2006–2015." Canada Communicable Disease Report 43, no. 10 (October 5, 2017): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i10a02.

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7

Flannigan, M. D., and B. M. Wotton. "Lightning-ignited forest fires in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-035.

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This study investigates the relationship between lightning activity and the occurrence of lightning-ignited forest fires in the Northwestern Region of Ontario. We found that the Duff Moisture Code (a component of the Fire Weather Index System) and the multiplicity of the negative lightning discharges were the most important variables for estimating the number of lightning-ignited fires on a daily basis for Universal Transverse Mercator zone15 in Ontario. Also, the results indicate that negative lightning ignited more fires than positive lightning discharges, which is contrary to popular belief. Nearly 50% of the variance in the forest fire occurrence data was explained using linear stepwise regression. Future work will focus on finer temporal and spatial scales.

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8

Björck, Svante. "Deglaciation chronology and revegetation in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-090.

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Along a 420 km transect in northwestern Ontario, Canada, sediments from four lakes were analyzed with respect to lithology, pollen, and macrofossils. Radiocarbon dates show that the region was deglaciated between ca. 11 500 and 8000 years BP, and periods of both rapid ice retreat and readvance influenced the history of Glacial Lake Agassiz. In the south the ice sheet was succeeded by a lengthy interval of park–tundra with stands of spruce, ash, and elm. The ash and elm seem to have disappeared during a suggested cool period (11 100–10 200 years BP). Farther north the park–tundra phase lasted not more than 50–100 years after ca. 10 200 years BP before boreal trees dominated. The climatic change around 10 200 years BP permitted the very rapid migration of spruce, larch, birch, and jack or red pine into northwestern Ontario from northern Minnesota. The migration routes for Pinus strobus (white pine), Alnus rugosa, and A. crispa were divided, however: one from the south (south of Lake Superior) and one from the east-southeast (north of Lake Superior). White pine reached its maximum distribution 6500–6000 years BP, when the limit was probably 150–200 km north of today's. The composition of the boreal forest during the altithermal was only slightly changed, but the influx of presumed prairie pollen reached a peak ca. 8000–7000 years BP. Since then Picea mariana (black spruce) gradually became the dominating tree species.

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9

TAN, J. C. H., and K. V. GREGOR. "Violence against Pregnant Women in Northwestern Ontario." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1087, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1385.010.

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10

Schillberg, Erin, Dorian Lunny, L. Lindsay, Mark Nelder, Curtis Russell, Mike Mackie, Dave Coats, Alex Berry, and Kit Young Hoon. "Distribution of Ixodes scapularis in Northwestern Ontario: Results from Active and Passive Surveillance Activities in the Northwestern Health Unit Catchment Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102225.

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The range of Ixodes scapularis is expanding in Ontario, increasing the risk of Lyme disease. As an effective public health response requires accurate information on disease distribution and areas of risk, this study aims to establish the geographic distribution of I. scapularis and its associated pathogen, B. burgdorferi, in northwestern Ontario. We assessed five years of active and passive tick surveillance data in northwestern Ontario. Between 2013 and 2017, 251 I. scapularis were submitted through passive surveillance. The submission rate increased over time, and the proportion infected with B. burgdorferi was 13.5%. Active tick surveillance from 2014 to 2016 found few I. scapularis specimens. In 2017, 102 I. scapularis were found in 10 locations around the city of Kenora; 60% were infected with B. burgdorferi, eight tested positive for A. phagocytophilum, and one for POWV. I. scapularis ticks were found in 14 locations within the Northwestern Health Unit area, with seven locations containing B. burgdorferi-positive ticks. We found abundant I. scapularis populations in the southern portion of northwestern Ontario and northward expansion is expected. It is recommended that I. scapularis populations continue to be monitored and mitigation strategies should be established for rural northern communities.

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11

Zippi, Pierre A., and Andrew F. Bajc. "Recognition of a Cretaceous outlier in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-029.

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Borehole F-88-33, located near Rainy River, Ontario, intersected Cretaceous nonmarine clastic sediments. This is the first documented occurrence in Ontario of Cretaceous sediments associated with the western interior. Lithologie and heavy-mineral analyses were used to differentiate this unit from the overlying Quaternary sediments. Seventy-five species of fossil angiosperm pollen, gymnosperm pollen, spores, megaspores, and algal cysts were recovered from borehole F-88-33 and used to date the pre-Quaternary sediments as late Albian to early Cenomanian. The occurrence of these nonmarine sediments in northwestern Ontario helps to better define the limits of Cretaceous sedimentation in the western interior.

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12

Panu, U. S., and T. Nguyen. "ESTIMATION OF MEAN AREAL EVAPORATION IN NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO." Canadian Water Resources Journal 19, no. 1 (January 1994): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1901069.

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13

Zoladeski, Christopher A., and Paul F. Maycock. "Dynamics of the Boreal Forest in Northwestern Ontario." American Midland Naturalist 124, no. 2 (October 1990): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426178.

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14

Farmer Jr., R. E., M. L. Maley, M. U. Stoehr, and F. Schnekenburger. "Reproductive characteristics of green alder in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-318.

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Flowering, seed production, and germination of green alder (Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill) were studied in populations north of Lake Superior. Anthesis and fertilization took place from mid-May to early June. Aboutone-third of the lateral buds contained female catkins, and an average of 60% of these catkins were fertilized and bore some seed. A high percentage of seed had abnormal, nonviable embryos. There was wide variation in flowering and seed characteristics among clumps of alder. Reproductive features of individual clumps were not correlated from year to year, suggesting an alternate bearing pattern in which some clumps were productive in any given year. Annual seed rain in individual understory alder stands varied from 0.14 to 2.40 million per hectare. At dispersal seeds exhibited conditional dormancy, which allowed germination at higher temperatures under a long photoperiod. Capacity for germination under a wider range of environments was facilitated by stratification.

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15

Rosenberg, David M., Allen P. Wiens, and Bohdan Bilyj. "Chironomidae (Diptera) of peatlands in northwestern Ontario, Canada." Ecography 11, no. 1 (February 1988): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1988.tb00777.x.

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16

Weller, Wayne F. "New Distribution Records for Painted Turtles, Chrysemys picta, from Northwestern and Northeastern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1008.

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Records of Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) in northwestern Ontario and of Midland Painted Turtle (C. p. marginata) in northeastern Ontario extend the documented range northward. Two records of C. p. marginata represent the first records for the Timiskaming District.

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17

Kelly, Len, Raymond S. W. Tsang, Alanna Morgan, Frances B. Jamieson, and Marina Ulanova. "Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type a in Northern Ontario First Nations communities." Journal of Medical Microbiology 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.026914-0.

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Seven epidemiologically unrelated cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) disease were identified in First Nations communities of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, in 2004–2008. In all cases, Hia was isolated from blood. The clinical presentation in most of the cases was moderately severe and all patients responded to antibiotic therapy. Laboratory analysis of Hia isolates from Northwestern Ontario indicated striking similarities in their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The findings are discussed in the context of current epidemiology of invasive Hia disease. Our data along with some published studies by others suggest an increased susceptibility to this infection among North American indigenous populations.

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18

Loewen, Kassandra, Michael Kirlew, Paul S. Benvenuto, Neety Panu, Anukul Panu, Natalie Bocking, and Len Kelly. "Northern tropics? Seven cases of pyomyositis in northwestern Ontario." Official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada 1, no. 3 (August 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jammi.1.3.01.

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19

Krisciunas, Raymond. "Two Structural Composite Lumber Bridges in Northwestern Ontario, Canada." Structural Engineering International 10, no. 3 (August 2000): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686600780481446.

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20

Schaefer, W. F. "Hooking Mortality of Walleyes in a Northwestern Ontario Lake." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9, no. 2 (May 1989): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0193:hmowia>2.3.co;2.

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21

Kelly, Len, Jenna Poirier, Ribal Kattini, Sharen Madden, Brenda Voth, Joe Dooley, Brent Marazan, and Ruben Hummelen. "Screening for gestational diabetes in pregnancy in Northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine 25, no. 2 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_51_19.

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22

Perry, Daniel J., Peggy Knowles, and Francis C. Yeh. "Allozyme variation of Thuja occidentalis L. in Northwestern Ontario." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18, no. 2-3 (June 1990): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(90)90045-h.

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23

Mitchell, Roger H., J. H. Gilles Laflamme, and Louis J. Cabri. "Rhenium sulphide from the Coldwell complex, northwestern Ontario, Canada." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 373 (December 1989): 635–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.373.15.

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24

Borradaile, G. J., T. Werner, J. F. Dehls, and R. N. Spark. "Archean regional transpression and paleomagnetism in northwestern Ontario, Canada." Tectonophysics 220, no. 1-4 (April 1993): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90226-a.

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25

Oskineegish, Melissa, and Leisa Desmoulins. "A Vision Towards Indigenous Education Sovereignty in Northwestern Ontario." in education 26, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37119/ojs2020.v26i1.451.

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To support the calls for Indigenous education sovereignty by the National Indian Brotherhood (1972) and the Assembly of First Nations, (1988), in this paper we explore Indigenous education as envisioned by six educators and knowledge holders in northwestern Ontario. Educators from six different schools and programs who took part in a national project called the National Centre for Collaboration in Indigenous education shared their descriptions and visions of Indigenous education. Findings reveal Indigenous pedagogies that align with Lee and McCarty’s (2017) theoretical framework of culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogies to promote and support Indigenous education sovereignty. Their visions include pedagogies grounded in the need for equitable education; Indigenous-led instruction for land-based teachings, traditional practices and languages; and, community-based accountabilities. Their visions illustrate that a deeper understanding of the localized and nationhood contexts of Indigenous sovereignty over education is missing and needed in the ongoing movement towards educational sovereignty. Keywords: Indigenous sovereignty; Indigenous education; culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogies

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26

Durant, Keri-Lyn, and Katherine Kortes-Miller. "Physician snapshot: the forming landscape of MAiD in northwestern Ontario." Palliative Care and Social Practice 14 (January 2020): 263235242093292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632352420932927.

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Background: Options available to Canadians at the end of life increased with the legalization of medical assistance in dying (MAiD). Bill C-14 modified the Canadian Criminal Code allowing individuals who meet very specific criteria to receive a medical intervention to hasten their death. June 2019 marked 3 years since the legislation has changed and while met with favour from most Canadians who believe it will provide enhanced options for quality of life at the end of life, there remains much debate over both its moral implications and practical components. Little is known regarding the Canadian healthcare provider experience with MAiD, in particular in rural and remote parts of the country such as northwestern Ontario. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore physicians’ experiences in Northwestern Ontario with MAiD. The geographic location of this study is of particular significance as physicians in rural and remote parts of Canada face unique challenges in the provision of high-quality palliative and end-of-life services. This qualitative research focused on developing a better understanding of physicians’ perceptions and practices with MAiD, in particular regarding access, decision-making, provision of service and role clarity. Methods: The researchers employed an exploratory qualitative research approach, using 1 semi-structured focus group and 18 semi-structured interviews comprising 9 set of questions. Data were collected through audio-taped semi-structured interviews, in person and by telephone. Findings: Four distinct but interconnected themes emerged from thematic analysis of the transcripts of the focus group and interviews: physician perception of patient awareness, appreciation and understanding of MAiD; challenges providing true choice at end of life; burgeoning relationships between palliative care and MAiD; and physician recommendations. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a snapshot of the Northwestern physician experiences with MAiD and contribute to the growing body of work exploring these issues on a national scale. MAiD is highlighted as both a rewarding and challenging experience for physicians in Northwestern Ontario in this study.

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27

Martell, David L. "The impact of fire on timber supply in Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70164-2.

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Results are presented for an assessment of the impact of fire on timber supply in the province of Ontario. Historical fire report data are used to develop statistical summaries of fire regimes in terms of annual fire occurrence and area burned by administrative district and region. A simple hypothetical jack pine forest is used to illustrate how forest level timber harvest scheduling models can be employed to assess the timber supply implications of fire management regimes. Although fire may have had a significant detrimental impact on timber supply in some parts of the Northwestern region during the 1976-88 period, the effectiveness of Ontario's forest fire management system is such that timber supply in most districts has not been significantly diminished by fire. The results of our timber supply analysis, and the fact that fire management also benefits public safety and reduces property loss, suggest forest fire management is profitable in Ontario. Key words: forest fire impact, timber supply, mathematical programming, Ontario

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28

Ward, P. C., A. G. Tithecott, and B. M. Wotton. "ReplyA re-examination of the effects of fire suppression in the boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-074.

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Ward and Tithecott (P.C. Ward and A.G. Tithecott. 1993. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aviation, Flood and Fire Management Branch, Publ. 305) presented data that indicated fire suppression activities in Ontario led to reductions in average annual area burned and greater numbers of small fires, compared with what would have been observed in the absence of suppression. Miyanishi and Johnson (K. Miyanishi and E.A. Johnson. 2001. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 14621466) have questioned aspects of that report, suggesting that the evidence does not demonstrate that suppression influences fire size or frequency. Fire-history studies in Ontario's forests and recent fire disturbance records do show that the fire-return interval has lengthened considerably in Ontario's protected forest since pre-suppression times. Analysis of forest inventory age-class distributions also reflect a reduction in overall forest disturbance rates in the past 40 years. Average annual burn fractions (ABF) calculated for protected and unprotected forests in northwestern Ontario for the period 1976-2000 show an ABF of 1.11% in the unprotected forest and only 0.34% in the protected forest. There is clear evidence that fire suppression in Ontario contains many fires at small sizes that would have otherwise grown to larger sizes, and reduces the overall average annual area burned in the protected forest.

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29

Dorval, Hanna R., and Richard Troy McMullin. "Lichens and allied fungi of Sandbar Lake Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 133, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i3.2209.

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Sandbar Lake Provincial Park (Sandbar Lake) covers 8053 ha in the boreal forest in northwestern Ontario. Within the park boundary are natural forests representative of those in the region, as well as forests that are heavily disturbed from resource extraction activities, which are prevalent in northwestern Ontario. The lichen biota in this part of the boreal forest is known to be rich and abundant, but lichen diversity is also known to be negatively impacted by disturbances (e.g., timber harvesting, mining, and climate change). Therefore, lichens can be used to monitor the effects of these disturbances, but baseline data are required. Here, we present the results of the first detailed inventory of the lichens and allied fungi of Sandbar Lake. We report 139 species in 69 genera from 16 sites that represent all macrohabitats present in the park. Seven species have a provincial conservation status rank from S1 to S3 (critically imperilled to vulnerable), and one species, Arthrosporum populorum, has previously been collected only once in northwestern Ontario. Our results fill biogeographic gaps for many species and allow lichens to be used as biomonitors during further study at Sandbar Lake. We show that Sandbar Lake has important conservation value, and our data provide an opportunity for further study in an area with no previous research on lichens.

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30

Hughes, Josie S., Marie-Josée Fortin, Vince Nealis, and Jacques Régnière. "Pollen cone production in jack pine: spatial and temporal patterns subject to natural disturbance by the jack pine budworm." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 3 (March 2014): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0089.

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Patterns of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) pollen cone production are of interest because they may help explain jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreak patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyze pollen cone production in 180 permanent plots in Ontario, Canada between 1992 and 2008. Pollen cone production increased with stand age, and large trees in sparsely-populated stands produced more pollen cones. Defoliation decreased the propensity of trees to produce pollen cones for at least two years. We also identified important patterns that are not explained by defoliation and stand characteristics. Pollen cone production is spatially synchronized among years, trees in central Ontario produced more pollen cones than trees in northwestern Ontario, and background cone production increased over time in the central region but not in more northwestern plots. Synchronized reproduction is common among tree species, but has not previously been noted for jack pine pollen cones. Increasing cone production in central Ontario may be evidence of changing forest and (or) climatic conditions and deserves further investigation. Our model can be used to quantitatively predict pollen cone production and assess the risk of jack pine budworm defoliation.

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31

Lautenschlager, R. A., F. Wayne Bell, and Robert G. Wagner. "Alternative conifer release treatments affect small mammals in northwestern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73099-1.

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Density changes of small mammals responding to different conifer release treatments (motor-manual [brush saw] cutting; mechanical [Silvana Selective] cutting; helicopter-applied herbicides [Release® (a.i. triclopyr), Vision® (a.i. glyphosate)]; controls [no treatment] were quantified. A total of 4,851 small mammals were captured and released during the three-year study. The most commonly captured (81% of total) species were: shrews (masked [Sorex cinereus Kerr], pygmy [S. hoyi Baird], arctic S. arcticus Kerr]), southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner). Northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda Say), eastern (Tamias striants L.) and least (T. minimus Bachman) chipmunks, meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord), ermine (Mustela erminea L.), and meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius Zimm.) were common. Shrew (masked, pygmy, arctic, short-tailed) densities were statistically unaffected by these treatments. Red-backed vole densities were highest on control plots during the first post-treatment growing season, and highest on control and Vision® plots during the second post-treatment growing season. During the first two growing seasons after treatment, deer mouse densities were highest on Silvana Selective plots; eastern chipmunk densities were highest on control, Vision® and Silvana Selective plots; least chipmunk densities were highest on Vision® and Release® plots; and meadow vole densities were highest on Release® plots. Small mammal responses to the alternative conifer release treatments examined were species specific one and two-growing seasons post-treatment, but similar to responses common to the standard (Vision® herbicide) conifer release treatment. Key words: conifer release, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, herbicides, Release®, small mammals, spruce plantation, triclopyr, vegetation management alternatives, Vision®, wildlife habitat

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32

Fleming, R. L., and D. S. Mossa. "Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Seedbed relationships." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70151-2.

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A series of spot seeding experiments was set out on coarse-textured upland sites in northwestern Ontario to investigate how black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling establishment and growth could be improved by site selection and seedbed preparation. Virtually all germination occurred within the first growing season. Annual seedling mortality rates were greatest during the first year, then declined steadily and stabilized at low levels (<10%) after the third year. The highest fifth-year establishment ratios (seedlings/viable seed sown) were found on seedbeds derived from materials near the mineral soil/humus interface. On wetter sites (i.e., higher Soil Moisture Regimes) the best seedbeds occurred closer to the soil surface. Mean fifth year establishment ratios for the best seedbeds were 0.032 on moderately fresh to fresh sites, 0.146 on very fresh to moderately moist sites, and 0.082 on moist to very moist sites. On adjacent lowland sites, slow-growing, compact Sphagnum mosses had a mean establishment ratio of 0.179. Mean fifth-year seedling heights on upland sites ranged from 12 to 14 cm, and were not strongly correlated with site or seedbed type. Key words: direct seeding, black spruce, seedbed, seedling establishment, site type and germination

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33

Farmer, Robert E., C. Lynn Palmer, and Gwenoth O'Reilly. "Four-Year Performance of Hybrid Aspen Clones in Northwestern Ontario." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/9.2.73.

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34

Borradaile, G. J., M. M. Kehlenbeck, and T. W. Werner. "A magnetotectonic study correlating late Archean deformation in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-128.

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Late Archean lamprophyre dikes crop out on both sides of the Quetico–Shebandowan subprovince boundary. They post date F1 folds in late Archean rocks (2690 Ma) but their intrusion overlapped with the waning phase of S1 development. S1 developed to varying degrees or is absent in some dikes. Nevertheless, the dikes show a cryptic tectonic fabric in the ferromagnetic minerals revealed by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). This is parallel to S1 in the host metamorphic rocks. Thus, the S1 fabric-forming episode may be correlated from one subprovince to the other using the dike swarm as a chronological marker.

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35

Farmer Jr., Robert E., and Ronald W. Reinholt. "Seed quality and germination characteristics of tamarack in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-121.

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Tamarack seed from provenances in northwestern Ontario were incubated in light and dark under a range of alternating temperature regimes (5–15, 10–20, and 20–30 °C) before and after 33 days stratification. Unstratified sound seed germinated completely in light at all incubation temperatures. Partial germination of unstratified seed took place in the dark at 20–30 °C, but stratification was required for dark germination at lower temperatures. Wide variation in dark germination was noted among seed lots from individual trees, but stand and provenance differences were nonsignificant. Much of the variation in seed quality among tree lots was related to differences in the degree of embryo failure.

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36

Puhalski, Erin M., Denise M. Taylor, and Tina M. Poulin. "How Are Transfemoral Amputees Using Their Prosthesis in Northwestern Ontario?" JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 20, no. 2 (April 2008): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0b013e318169f8ad.

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37

Turek, A., Patrick E. Smith, and D. T. A. Symons. "U–Pb geochronology of the Coldwell Complex, northwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-062.

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The Coldwell Complex gives a U–Pb zircon age of 1188 ± 56 Ma, a U–Pb tritomite age of 1126 ± 6 Ma, and a Pb–Pb potash feldspar age of 1139 ± 55 Ma. These ages are all significantly older than the previously published Rb–Sr and K–Ar ages. We interpret these ages as follows: (1) emplacement of the complex at 1188 Ma as part of the initial stages of the Keweenawan rifting event at depth; (2) slow cooling leading to closure of the U and Pb systems in tritomite and potash feldspar between 1139 and 1126 Ma; and (3) continued slow cooling leading to closure of the Rb–Sr system in the complex at an average age of 1053 ± 10 Ma and of the K–Ar system at ~1035 Ma.

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Wilks, M. E., and E. G. Nisbet. "Archaean stromatolites from the Steep Rock Group, northwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-086.

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Reinvestigation of the late Archaean stromatolites of the Steep Rock Group has shown that a wide variety of forms is present, including domed and tabular bioherms and biostromes. Both columnar and noncolumnar structures are present. Branching is common in some columnar forms. Facing directions in the stromatolites are consistent with other field evidence showing that the base of the Steep Rock Group is an unconformity.

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39

Borradaile, G., and H. Brown. "The Shebandowan group: "Timiskaming-like" Archean rocks in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-016.

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This group of Archean volcanic and metasedimentary rocks is generally considered to be younger than the Keewatin metavolcanic rocks. The metasedimentary rocks are disposed in tight to isoclinal folds with strong plunge variations that are mainly due to a primary tectonic event. The folds are accompanied by a single, penetrative tectonic microfabric and a coplanar magnetic fabric. The contacts of the group with the adjacent Keewatin rocks are unexposed but are inferred to be faulted, at least in part.

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40

Wightman, Nancy M., and W. Robert Wightman. "ROAD AND HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO, 1850 TO 1990." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 36, no. 4 (December 1992): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1992.tb01147.x.

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41

Euler, David L. "Will ecosystem management supply woodland caribou habitat in northwestern Ontario?" Rangifer 18, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.18.5.1438.

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Ecosystem management is emerging as an important concept in managing forests. Although the basic conceptual idea is not new, important defining principles are developing that elucidate some of the specific attributes of ecosystem management. These principles include: the maintenance of all ecosystems in the managed forest, rhe emulation of natural disturbance patterns on rhe landscape and the insurance that structure and function of forested ecosystems are conserved. Forest management has an impact on woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), although the presence of wolves (Canis lupus) and moose (Alces alces) in the same northern ecosystems also affects the caribou-forestry interacrion. Specific management for caribou as a featured species has been proposed, based on managing large landscape blocks. Ecosystem management would also produce habitat in a manner that might accomplish the goal of conserving woodland caribou as well as maintaining other important ecosystem functions.

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42

Racey, G. D., and T. Armstrong. "Woodland caribou range occupancy in northwestern Ontario: past and present." Rangifer 20, no. 5 (April 1, 2000): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.20.5.1643.

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A zone of continuous woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) distribution is defined for northwestern Ontario. This zone establishes a benchmark for measuring the success of future management of habitat and conservation of populations. Inventory of key winter, summer and calving habitats reaffirms the concept of a dynamic mosaic of habitat tracts that supports caribou across the landscape. The historical range recession leading to this current distribution has been associated with resource development, fire and hunting activities over the past 150 years, and numerous attempts at conservation over the last 70 years. The decline was apparently phased according to several periods of development activity: i) early exploitation in the early to mid-1800s; ii) isolation and extirpation of southern populations due to rapid changes in forest use and access between 1890 and 1930; and iii) further loss of the southernmost herds due to forest harvesting of previously inaccessible areas since the 1950s. Lessons learned from history support current conservation measures to manage caribou across broad landscapes, protect southern herds, maintain caribou habitat as part of continuous range, maintain large contiguous tracts of older forest and ensure connectivity between habitat components.

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Kim, S. B., D. Rowan, J. Chen, C. M. C. Rodgers, and M. D. Rennie. "Tritium in fish from remote lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 195 (December 2018): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.003.

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44

Lautenschlager, R. A., William J. Dalton, Marilyn L. Cherry, and Jeri L. Graham. "Conifer Release Alternatives Increase Aspen Forage Quality in Northwestern Ontario." Journal of Wildlife Management 63, no. 4 (October 1999): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802850.

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45

Laird, Kathleen R., and Brian F. Cumming. "Reconstruction of Holocene lake level from diatoms, chrysophytes and organic matter in a drainage lake from the Experimental Lakes Area (northwestern Ontario, Canada)." Quaternary Research 69, no. 2 (March 2008): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.11.003.

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A paleolimnological study of lake-level changes in Lake 239 (Rawson Lake), a headwater lake in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, indicates large fluctuations have occurred over the Holocene. Analyses are based on diatoms, the proportion of chrysophyte scales to diatoms and organic matter content from near-shore sediment cores. Quantitative estimates of lake level are based on a diatom-inferred depth model that was developed from surficial sediments collected along several transects in Lake 239. Declines of ∼ 1–3 m occurred during the late Holocene, whereas declines of at least 8 m occurred during the more arid mid-Holocene. These results provide the first substantive evidence of large declines in lake level in northwestern Ontario during the mid-Holocene. Conditions during the mid-Holocene may provide a partial view of future conditions under increasing global temperatures.

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46

Hosegood, Steven, Mathew Leitch, Chander Shahi, and Reino Pulkki. "Moisture and energy content of fire-burnt trees for bioenergy production: A case study of four tree species from northwestern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc87042-1.

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With the current energy reform, the Ontario government has taken an initiative to phase out coal-fired generatingstations by 2014, and replace coal with biomass as feedstock at the Atikokan Generating Station. This switch to greenenergy production has opened a new avenue of income for mills and biomass-harvesting companies. However, as theneed for biomass increases, harvesting residues may no longer satisfy the needs of cogeneration facilities and new sourcesmay be sought. A potential source of woody biomass in Ontario is from forest fires. On average, an area of 35 460 ha or3 868 034 m3 of wood is devastated by wildfire every year in the Area of the Undertaking in Ontario and has the potentialto be salvaged. However, the fuel quality and feasibility of salvaging wildfire-burnt areas for bioenergy production innorthern Ontario has not been investigated so far. In this study, five different-aged fires in the MNR Thunder Bay District—12, 18, 24, 37, and 52 months old—were sampled for moisture content and calorific value of the wood. This samplingwas done across four of the most prolific tree species grown in northwestern Ontario—white birch, trembling aspen,balsam fir, and black spruce. The average moisture content (dry weight basis) of the five fires ranged from 27.1% to 34.9%and the average calorific value from 19.0 MJ/kg to 21.1 MJ/kg. Significant differences in moisture content were foundbetween the species and the ages of fire. Hardwood species had significantly higher moisture content compared to softwoods.The results display that wildfire-burnt areas have the potential to supply good-quality fuel for bioenergy productionin northwestern Ontario. Key words: biomass, wildfire-burnt areas, bioenergy production, moisture content, calorific value, northern Ontario

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Dubois, John E., and Kimberly M. Monson. "Recent Distribution Records of the Little Brown Bat, Myotis lucifugus, in Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i1.393.

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Until recently, the distribution of the Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario was poorly documented. Since 1988, we have been banding and recapturing little browns throughout Manitoba and adjacent Lake of the Woods region in Ontario. All known hibernacula in the study area are recorded here for the first time, along with time of emergence. Connections between some hibernacula and summer nurseries are verified by band returns, ranging from 37 to 540 km.

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McKenney, Daniel, Bryan Nippers, Gerald Racey, and Rob Davis. "Trade-offs between wood supply and caribou habitat in northwestern Ontario." Rangifer 18, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.18.5.1552.

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Woodland caribou habitat management in northwestern Ontario is a complex spatial problem. The Strategic Forest Management Model (SFMM), a linear programming PC-based planning tool being developed in Ontario, was used to examine the impacts of alternative management strategies on caribou habitat. The management alternatives investigated included the cessation of timber management and maximising the present value of wood production without any explicit concern (in the model) for caribou. Three major findings are worth noting: 1) trying to maintain prime caribou habitat within active Forest Management Units will come at a cost to wood supply but the cost will depend on the absolute amount of area affected and the spatial configuration of that land in relation to mills. The cost of maintaining caribou habitat in one management unit at a level about 25 000 hectares is roughly $324 000 per year (about 3 cents for each Ontario resident). The imposition of an even-flow constraint on wood production is in fact potentially more costly; 2) Given the region is heavily dominated by spruce aged 90 years and over, forest succession and fire disturbance will likely cause large declines in prime caribou habitat in the near to medium term (20 to 40 years) even if no timber harvesting occurs; 3) The complexities of the trade-offs in this resource management problem highlight the limitations of any single modelling tool to satisfactorily address all issues. Planners need to take advantage of a wide range of analytical techniques to quantify the issues and formulate integrated policies.

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Spaulding, John M. "Recent Suicide Rates among Ten Ojibwa Indian Bands in Northwestern Ontario." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 16, no. 4 (June 1986): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ftcw-vbxa-mr5j-e90p.

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This study was designed to investigate the rate of completed suicides for ten Ojibwa Indian bands in Northwestern Ontario for the years 1975 to 1982. Records from Medical Services, Health and Welfare Canada [1], were reviewed for suicide data and individual interviews were conducted with nine native health workers to corroborate these data. Results indicated an overall rate of 61.7 suicides per 100,000 population. Suicide victims tended to be young males who used firearms as a method. Alcohol or drug use was directly involved in over half of the suicides.

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50

Lautenschlager, R. A., F. Wayne Bell, Robert G. Wagner, and John A. Winters. "The Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project: Comparing conifer release alternatives in northwestern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73035-1.

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The Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project documents the ecological consequences of alternative conifer release treatments (motor-manual [clearing/brush saw], mechanical [Silvana Selective/Ford Versatile tractor], helicopter-applied herbicides Vision® [a.i. glyphosate], Release® [a.i. triclopyr], and control [no treatment] in young spruce (Picea spp.) plantations. Here a series of papers that quantify the effects of these alternative treatments on major environmental components, as well as their production rates and costs is introduced. In general, one growing season after treatment, untreated plots tended to have consistently larger, more diverse populations of the biotic components examined. Biotic and abiotic changes caused by the cutting treatments were more similar to each other than to those resulting from the herbicide treatments, but statistical differences among treatments were few. Herbicide treatments were the most productive and least costly, and about 60% of the active ingredient was deposited on the target (aspen [Populus tremuloides Michx.]) foliage. Key words: alternative conifer release treatments, brushcutting, clearing saws, ecosystem research, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, herbicides, sustainability, tending, triclopyr, vegetation management

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