Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ontogénie de La Galle'
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Cabral, do Nascimento Danila. "La biogenèse des galles induites par des phyto-nématodes dépend de l'hyperactivation du cycle cellulaire : études fonctionnelles des nouveaux acteurs du cycle mitotique et de l'endocycle dans les cellules géantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6001.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, Arabidopsis thaliana has been successfully used as a model plant accelerating discoveries at the molecular and cellular level in numerous plant-pathogen interactions. Arabidopsis is susceptible to a number of pathogens including nematodes, responding to pathogen attack in a similar manner to cultivated plant species. Meloidogyne incognita is a crop parasite causing extensive economic losses of billions of dollars yearly for the agriculture worldwide. Root-knot nematodes induce feeding sites within the host root inducing up to eight giant-feeding cells within the root vascular cylinder by injecting secretions. These giant cells become hypertrophied and contain multiple enlarged nuclei as a result of numerous mitotic events of which cytokinesis is absent or interrupted. Throughout expansion, giant cells become highly polyploid via successive endoreduplication cycles. Thus, a crucial feature for root-knot nematode development is the hyperactivation of the plant host cell cycle in galls. The eukaryotic cell cycle is conserved and characterized by four phases: The S phase (DNA replication) is followed by the M phase (mitosis), cytokinesis and cell division. These are intercalated by the G1 phase (first gap) which connects the end of mitosis to the start of DNA synthesis, and the G2 phase (second gap) which connects the end of DNA synthesis to the start of mitosis. The endocycle is a variant of the cell cycle in which replication occurs without mitosis, resulting in a doubling of cellular DNA content for each endocycle round. The hyperactivation of the cell cycle is essential for the nematode-induced gall biogenesis, and a precise balance between mitotic and endocycle phases is essential for the successful compatible interaction. As a broad question of my PhD, we addressed which the pre-requisites are needed to establish a functional gall induced by root-knot nematodes. More specifically, I essentially focused on the functional studies of particular plant cell cycle genes playing a role in the mitotic and the endocycle during plant-root-knot nematode interaction. To address this question, functional studies of new players in the cell cycle of the plant host, stimulating (E2F genes), inhibiting (ABAP1 and an interactor AIP10 genes) or controlling (WEE1 gene) the cell cycle, were investigated in galls induced in our model host Arabidopsis thaliana. The results obtained demonstrate that the genes here studied are critical for, as well the formation as the maintenance of nematode feeding sites. Overall, our functional study and molecular analysis show that the absence of E2Fa and E2Fb transcription factors will severely affect gall development and nematode reproduction. As well, overexpression of E2Fa and E2Fb will disrupt the cell cycle in galls, validating their importance for nematode feeding site development. We further investigated if nematode induced stress might trigger a checkpoint control during cell cycle progression in galls. Therefore, functional analysis of the WEE1 transcription factor was performed and showed that its absence induced galls prematurely to enter mitosis, thus affecting feeding site development and nematode reproduction. Performing drug treatments and the use of the stress marker SMR7 and a DNA repair promoter reporter line PARP1 suggested the induction of checkpoint activation in galls at G1/S phase of the cell cycle. The data presented in this thesis provided fundamental knowledge for a better understanding of cell cycle control during gall biogenesis as well sideways for plant development. Currently, our results are being managed for application initially in Arabidopsis, and promising strategies will be conducted and extended towards different crop species in order to better control nematode attack. Here, we specifically aimed at generating genetically modified plants by silencing E2Fa genes as an anti-nematode strategy in the field
Fohrer, Hélène. "Les cellules dendritiques thymiques humaines : caractérisation et ontogénie." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077212.
Full textSteyer, Sébastien. "Ontogénie et phylogénie des stégocéphales temnospondyles et seymouriamorphes : implications paléobiologiques et paléoenvironnementales." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0028.
Full textKremer, Patrick. "Structure agrégative de populations de l'araignée zygiella x-nottat cl. (Araneae, araneidae) et interactions intérindividuelles au cours du développement." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10425.
Full textSchönfuß-Krause, Renate. "„Die Galle liegt noch hier, da muss die Leber nochmal raus!“." Teamwork Schönfuß, 2021. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74818.
Full textHoegerl, Lea. "Mikrobiologischer Nachweis von Krankheitserregern aus Galle : retrospektive Analyse zu Keimspektrum und Assoziation klinischer Faktoren mit dem Nachweis von resistenten Erregern." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1397/.
Full textRossignol, Orlane. "Ontogénie des capacités physiologiques du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.) : Héritabilité et tactique de reproduction." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28496/28496.pdf.
Full textGalle, Ann-Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Isolierung und Charakterisierung ligninolytischer Enzyme zur Nutzung als Biokatalysatoren / Ann-Kathrin Galle." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071414704/34.
Full textThomas, Didier. "Ontogénie du "Fibroblast Growth Factor" (FGF) acide et de ses récepteurs dans le cerveau de souris." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10148.
Full textDubreuil, Géraldine. "Analyse moléculaire et fonctionnelle des effecteurs du parasitisme des nématodes à galle Meloidogyne spp." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4036.
Full textLes nématodes à galle du genre Meloidogyne sont des vers microscopiques biotrophes, endoparasites obligatoires des racines. Lors de l’interaction compatible, la larve de second stade (L2) pénètre dans la racine, migre de façon intercellulaire, se sédentarise et initie la formation d’un site nourricier formé de 5 à 7 cellules géantes dans la zone du cylindre vasculaire. Les protéines des sécrétions des nématodes jouent un rôle majeur lors de l’interaction plante/nématode. Les sécrétions du stylet sont produites dans les glandes oesophagiennes et injectées dans la racine au cours du parasitisme. L’objectif de ce travail était d’abord d’identifier les fonctions biologiques impliquées dans l’adaptation du parasite à l’environnement de la plante et dans la modulation des défenses de la plante. Par une approche différentielle et une approche gène candidat, des protéines de fonction inconnue, des protéases, une protéine potentiellement sécrétée, une glutathion S-transférase (GST) et une péroxirédoxine (PRX) ont été identifiées. La GST, localisée dans les glandes œsophagiennes, est présente dans les sécrétions du stylet de L2 infestantes de M. Incognita. La PRX est localisée au niveau du pore excréteur des L2 et de l’hypoderme des stades sédentaires. Le rôle de ces deux protéines dans le processus parasitaire est discuté. L’analyse fonctionnelle de gènes du nématode est limitée par l’absence d’outils de transformation. L’efficacité transitoire de l’ARN interférence pour inhiber des gènes du parasitisme dans les L2 a été démontrée. Afin de garantir un « silencing » durable, la mise au point d’un nouvel outil sera développée dans une dernière partie
Bélanger, Tommy. "Croissance de perchaudes (perca flavescens) au début de leur ontogénie dans un lac fluvial dominé par un vaste littoral." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4411/1/030308867.pdf.
Full textHalama, Patrice. "Phaeosphaeria nodorum (mull. ) Hedj. (ex. Leptosphaeria nodorum mull. ). Teleomorphe de septoria nodorum berk : déterminisme et ontogénie : hérédité du pouvoir pathogène." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10019.
Full textBolnet-Nicolas, Carolle. "Ontogénie des cellules sécretrices de calcitonine de la glande ultimobranchiale de poulet : famille antigénique de la molécule hormonale adulte et embryonnaire." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112317.
Full textGalle, Matthias Alfons Paul [Verfasser]. "Die Ausgestaltung der Verantwortungsteilung zwischen Stadt und Land : Großschutzgebiete als Modellräume einer Verantwortungsgemeinschaft? / Matthias Alfons Paul Galle." Vechta : Universitätsbibliothek Vechta, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234062607/34.
Full textGalle, Lydia [Verfasser], Stefan [Gutachter] Kaskel, and Alexander [Gutachter] Eychmüller. "Funktionale, strukturierte Dünnschichten zur Verbesserung der Lichtauskopplung in organischen Leuchtdioden / Lydia Galle ; Gutachter: Stefan Kaskel, Alexander Eychmüller." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-750038.
Full textAlkaassem, Ahmad. "Mykotoxinscreening (Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenon) in Futter, Blut, Milch und Galle bei Kühen mit Labmagenverlagerung (LMV) und bei gesunden Kühen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-20090331-071217-2.
Full textSamarasekara, Vidhisha Nayanthara. "Local perceptions of environmental change in a tropical coastal wetland : the case of Koggala Lagoon, Galle, Sri Lanka." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29438/.
Full textChelbaeva, Tatjana [Verfasser], Swetlana [Akademischer Betreuer] Mengel, and Gabriela [Akademischer Betreuer] Lehmann-Carli. "" Russkie knigi" iz Galle v diskurse formirovanija russkogo literaturnogo jazyka novogo tipa / Tatjana Chelbaeva ; Swetlana Mengel, Gabriela Lehmann-Carli." Halle, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1116950537/34.
Full textDörner, Judith [Verfasser], Patrick [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerner, and Aliekber [Akademischer Betreuer] Canbay. "Nachweis pathogener Keime in Lebergewebe und Galle bei Patienten während Lebertransplantation / Judith Dörner. Gutachter: Aliekber Canbay. Betreuer: Patrick Gerner." Duisburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1049578627/34.
Full textHauswald, Corinna Katharina [Verfasser], and Jan [Gutachter] Galle. "Die insulinsparende Wirkung von Pioglitazon bei dialysepflichtigen Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ II / Corinna Katharina Hauswald. Gutachter: Jan Galle." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1102827509/34.
Full textGalle, Michaela [Verfasser], Kerstin [Akademischer Betreuer] Weidner, Kerstin [Gutachter] Weidner, and Jörg [Gutachter] Reichert. "Spezialsprechstunde "Psychisch gesund für Zwei": : Evaluation eines spezialisierten Versorgungsangebotes / Michaela Galle ; Gutachter: Kerstin Weidner, Jörg Reichert ; Betreuer: Kerstin Weidner." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160875189/34.
Full textTruong, Nhat My. "Analyse fonctionnelle des effecteurs nucléaires du parasitisme des nématodes à galle Meloidogyne incognita et caractérisation de leurs cibles végétales." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4149.
Full textThe root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the most devastating plant pathogens
Galle, Timo [Verfasser], Julia [Gutachter] Reuter, and Markus [Gutachter] Gamper. "Die globale Bewirtschaftung des Körpers. Eine qualitative Fallstudie zum amerikanischen Markt der Ethnochirurgie / Timo Galle ; Gutachter: Julia Reuter, Markus Gamper." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1207074322/34.
Full textDarrasse-Jèze, Guillaume. "Lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels de l'autoimmunité : nature, bienfaits et méfaits : étude de leur physiologie et leur rôle dominant dans les réactions immunitaires materno-foetales et anti-tumorales." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066160.
Full textNatural regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in self-tolerance and immune regulation. We have studied their physiology and the obtained results encouraged us to evaluate their functions in the control of immune responses during pregnancy and cancer. The demonstration of their emergence together with the first T cells during human fetal development and their thymic ontogeny indicated that the generation of Tregs is consubstantial to the generation of the immune system. Study of their homeostasis in normal mice revealed the existence of a Treg subset continuously activated, locally, by self-antigens. We also observed that Tregs play a major role in maternal-fetal and tumor immune tolerance. The memory Tregs overwhelm anti-tumor effector responses by a very early and brisk response that pre-empt the slower activation of effector T cells at the very time of tumor emergence. These results have profound implications in fundamental comprehension of immune system and in cancer therapy
Cakici, Sermin. "A Proposal For Preservation And Rehabilitation Of Yeni Galle Pazari Hani (former Ali Pasa Kervansarayi) And Its Immediate Surrounding In Bursa." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609591/index.pdf.
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Yeni Galle Pazari Hani and its immediate surrounding&
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, in environmental scale. Therefore, the main aim of the thesis is to determine the principles and the tools of an urban conservation project within the context of environmental scale and to re-gain the unity of Yeni Galle Pazari Hani as much as possible by integrating it into the current atmosphere of Hanlar District in Bursa together with the traditional texture surrounding it. In this study, the insufficiency observed in preparatory stages of most of current restoration projects was emphasized. Hence, before intervention of such kind of traditional areas, it is aimed to take care of documentation, to make a comprehensive study on unobserved parts of traditional texture such as archeological excavation, and to form a worksheet containing principles and decisions for future studies that would be done under various disciplines. The proposal for the case of Yeni Galle Pazari Hani is significant as being composed of documentation, observation and decision parts of a proper intervention, although it can be accepted as an incomplete project, since being the first step of a comprehensive restoration project for the study area. In conclusion, this study exemplifies the documentation and the evaluation of the transformation in a historic commercial area and the suggestion to solve the general problems among the Historical Commercial Center of the cities by taking decisions on conservation and rehabilitation for the sustainability of the study area.
Lehmann, Thorsten [Verfasser], P. [Gutachter] Galle, and W. O. [Gutachter] Bechstein. "Die Bedeutung der toxischen Sauerstoffradikale beim Ischämie/Reperfusionsschaden nach Lebertransplantation in der Ratte / Thorsten Lehmann ; Gutachter: P. Galle, W.-O. Bechstein." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1207628883/34.
Full textGalle, Jan Niklas [Verfasser], J. H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hegemann, and J. H. [Gutachter] Hegemann. "Die Rolle des LIPP Proteins in einer Chlamydia pneumoniae Infektion / Jan Niklas Galle ; Gutachter: J. H. Hegemann ; Betreuer: J. H. Hegemann." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150918705/34.
Full textLehmann, Thorsten G. [Verfasser], P. [Gutachter] Galle, and W. O. [Gutachter] Bechstein. "Die Bedeutung der toxischen Sauerstoffradikale beim Ischämie/Reperfusionsschaden nach Lebertransplantation in der Ratte / Thorsten Lehmann ; Gutachter: P. Galle, W.-O. Bechstein." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-10038683.
Full textWagenaar, Lodewijk. "Galle, VOC-vestiging in Ceylon : beschrijving van een koloniale samenleving aan de vooravond van de Singalese opstand tegen het Nederlandse gezag, 1760 /." Amsterdam : De Bataafsche leeuw, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37707172c.
Full textGalle, Ludwig [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schagemann, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Lubienski. "Nachuntersuchung osteochondralen Reparaturgewebes am Schafknie : Ein Beitrag zur Evaluation von Outcome-Measures im Großtiermodell / Ludwig Galle ; Akademische Betreuer: Jan Schagemann, Andreas Lubienski." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236782275/34.
Full textDuplay, Quentin. "La galle du collet chez la vigne : de la diversité des pathogènes à l'étude des plasmides et du quorum sensing d'Allorhizobium vitis S4." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1041/document.
Full textCrown gall disease, characterized by the formation of a tumor, represents the most widespread bacteriosis in the vineyard and causes significant economic losses throughout the world. The causing agent is the Ti plasmid (pTi) which confers pathogenicity to their bacterial hosts, such as Allorhizobium vitis. In addition to pTi, A. vitis harbours other plasmids whose functions and ways of dissemination are poorly documented. In order to study the peculiar adaptation of A. vitis strains to grapevine, we studied the diversity of these pathogens as well as the role of plasmids and the regulation of their dissemination.First, we analyzed the diversity of isolates from vineyards of Morocco affected by crown gall. We highlighted that all the pathogenic isolates (e.g. carrying a pTi) form 4 genetic groups that are distinguished by the type of opine produced and the ability to induce a hypersensitive response. We then focused on strain A. vitis S4, which contains 5 plasmids, including 3 possessing a transfer mechanism that can be regulated by a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). We demonstrated that the QS system of plasmid p130 (renamed pApi) controls not only the conjugative transfer of the pApi but also other uncharacterized plasmid-encoded functions. This QS system requires the synthesis of a N-acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecule with an atypical structure. In addition, genomic analyzes combined with copper resistance assays allowed us to identify, on plasmid p79 of A. vitis S4, a genomic island that is likely involved in copper resistance of this strain.Through analyzes of diversity and study of a model strain, our work provides insight into adaptation of Allorhizobium vitis to its unique host plant, grapevine
Taugourdeau, Olivier. "Le sapin pectiné (Abies alba Mill., PINACEAE) en contexte méditerranéen : développement architectural et plasticité phénotypique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20196/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess silver fir phenotypic plasticity with an architectural approach. This work take place in the context of understanding perennial plant development linked with their environment and the context of climate change in the Mediterranean region.For this, ex-situ (shading and watering treatments) and in-situ (shading and elevation gradients) studies were performed. They consist of the study of architectural traits variability, mainly measured at annual shoot scale, linked with plant architecture and environment.The results are the quantification of silver firs development up to reproductive tree and the quantification of plastic responses to light and hydric environment and climate. The concept of architectural plasticity and it consequences was also discussed
Sardenne, Fany. "Des relations trophiques à l'état de santé : allocation d'énergie chez les thons tropicaux : cas de l'ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT171/document.
Full textTropical tunas (yellowfin, bigeye and skipjack tuna) are exploited worldwide with a quarter of the catches coming from Indian Ocean. Caught by purse seine in mixed schools, these top predators displayed a specific physiology (e.g. partial endothermy, ram-ventilators) but various life history traits (e.g. maximal size, reproduction batches). The objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of energy allocation in these species. For this purpose, a monthly sampling was carry out throughout 2013 in Seychelles, to collect tunas on a large range size and environmental conditions. In a first methodological step, we studied the lipids influence on isotopic values in tropical tunas and showed that using mathematical correction of lipids content requires a specific adjustment. Then, using ecological tracers (stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen and fatty acids), a trophic comparison of the three species showed that they do not exploited exactly the same energetic resources, especially due to an ontogenic diet shift. This shift was illustrated by an increasing assimilation of mono-unsaturated fatty acids over 100 cm FL. Study of lipid and protein content in four tissues presenting different physiological function (white and red muscles, liver, gonads) showed these species make little energetic reserves, only in liver and red muscle. In addition, males invest less energy for germinal cells production than females. Furthermore, only the gonado-somatic index brought information concerning energetic variations, the others tested indices (Le Cren condition factor, hepato-somatic index, girth) were bad proxies of energetic content in tissues. Finally, study of membrane fatty acids indicates a specific incorporation of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 that varies with ontogeny. A great intra-specific variability was also observed and could suggest a specific physiological plasticity in these species
Galle, René [Verfasser]. "Ein wirtschaftlicher Ansatz im Kartellrecht : Ein Rechtsvergleich zwischen dem europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht unter dem Einfluss des 'more economic approach' und dem US-amerikanischen Kartellrecht / René Galle." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1110056931/34.
Full textBuske, Peter [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Löffler, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Galle, and anonym [Gutachter] anonym. "A comprehensive Model of the Spatio-Temporal Stem Cell and Tissue Organisation in the Intestinal Crypt / Peter Buske ; Gutachter: anonym anonym ; Markus Löffler, Jörg Galle." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/123807684X/34.
Full textHalfon-Domenech, Carine. "Origine embryonnaire des manifestations hématologiques de l'Anémie de Fanconi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066735.
Full textFanconi anemia (FA), a genetic disorder due to mutations in one of the FANC complementation group genes involved in DNA repair, causes bone marrow failure very early during childhood. We hypothesized that the FA hematopoietic defect could begin in utero, and asked whether during embryonic development, Fanc genes defect could impair the expansion of HSC pool in response to replicative stress, from the first stages of HSCs amplification, focusing on early development times, when HSC amplification takes place both in FL and PL, i.e. E11.5 - E12.5. Our results not only reveals that a deep HSCs defect is already present very early during Fancg-/- mouse development, but also shows for the first time that this is also the case in human FA development. This HSC defect is even more important in the mouse Pl, where high naïve HSC amplification takes place. Actually, this HC/HSC defect is even more important at E12.5 than that described for Fancg-/- adult mice, and resemble more to the BM failure observed in humans. Transcriptomic analysis of HSCs sorted from Fancg-/- E12.5 FL and Pl and from the human FL showed striking highly conserved biological processes involving G protein-coupled receptors pathways, and epigenetic dysregulations, which might represent a hallmark of FA HSCs dysfunction during development. Further studies to explore these epigenetic alterations during fetal life might lead to development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent development of leukemias and cancers in FA patients
Junes, Sophie. "L'art et les plantes : Emile Gallé, poète, botaniste et maître verrier." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P047.
Full textSaintamand, Alexis. "Etude du rôle de la région régulatrice en 3' du locus IgH au cours du développement lymphocytaire B normal et pathologique." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0007/document.
Full textDuring B-cell development, the heavy chains locus (IgH) undergoes three genic rearrangement events. During the early stages, before encountering the antigen, VDJ rearrangements allow the generation of a functional Ig repertoire. During the late stages, somatic hypermutation (SHM) increases the affinity of the Ig for its antigen, while class switch recombination (CSR) modifies its effector functions. These events imply thegeneration of potentially oncogenic DNA lesions, and thus require a strict regulation. This regulation is assured by several cis-regulatory elements spread along the IgH locus, including the 3’ regulatory region (3’RR). The 3’RR extends on more than 30kb and contains four transcriptional enhancers, the first three displaying a palindromic conformation. During my PhD, I investigated several mouse models carrying deletion of part or totality of the 3’RR to investigate its role during B cell development. We demonstrated how she precisely regulates CSR by specifically targeting the acceptor switch region, and described the poorly known mechanism of CSR toward IgD. Otherwise, we have demonstrated its importance during SHM and in the correct development of the different B cell subpopulations. Finally, by comparing the results obtained during the analysis of the various mouse models, we have demonstrated that the palindromic structure of the 3’RR is required for optimal SHM, but not for CSR
Flora, Claudiane. "Origine et prédiction de la variabilité de la durabilité naturelle chez Dicorynia guianensis Amsh." Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0001/document.
Full textAngélique (Dicorynia guianensis Amsh.) is a tree species in French Guiana that is heavily exploited for its wood, but it is known to have variable natural durability, which can be of severe consequences for the user. In this thesis we wanted to understand the origin of the natural durability of Angelique heartwood in order to understand its variability, to beter predict it. This multidisciplinary work combines wood sciences, natural products chemistry and microbiology. First, we implemented a sampling strategy based on the architectural profile of tree individuals to understand the variability of natural durabilityn which was confirmed by biological assays. We then assessed the influence of potential natural durability factors that we measured in the wood samples. As such, the role of metabolies was investigated using targeted and untargeted metabolomics, coupled with a dereplication strategy. Lignin and infradensity have also been tested as factors of durability for Angelique heartwood. Finally, factors that are related to tree ontogeny have been taken into account and the results highlight the importance of the stage development and the environment of tree individuals. Lastly, we have proposez esasy, fast and reliable spectroscopie tools (medium and near infrared) to predict the nartural durability. These results are encouraging and suggest their potential use by the timber industry to predict durability of Angélique heartwood
Galle, Lisa Marie [Verfasser], and Ingrid [Gutachter] Span. "Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster als multifunktionelle Redoxcofaktoren – Synthese von artifiziellen Co-S-Biohybriden, Charakterisierung der Metallbindung an AlkG und Untersuchung der [FeFe]-Hydrogenase in einem sauerstoffstabilen Zustand / Lisa Marie Galle ; Gutachter: Ingrid Span." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236399587/34.
Full textDedryver-Person, Françoise. "Etude de la variabilité dans les relations hôtes-parasites liant les espèces ou variétés de céréales à paille ou (et) de graminées fourragères au nématode à kyste Heterodera avenae Woll. et au nématode à Galle meloigogyne naasi." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376043187.
Full textDang, Le Anh Tuan. "Ontogenetic variations in leaf traits of the homoblastic species Dipterocarpus alatus under two light conditions at Cat Tien national park, Vietnam." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20236/document.
Full textBackground and Aims:Attempts to explain variations in leaf parameters based solely on environmental factors, this will lead to significant errors if the plant shows substantial ontogenetic variations in leaf properties. We evaluated variations in 27 morpho-anatomical leaf traits of Dipterocarpus alatus over six architectural development stages and between axes at a given development stage under two different light conditions. Methods:An architectural analysis was conducted to distinguish precisely and objectively axis categories and developmental stages of Dipterocarpus alatus. Leaves were collected on the most recent complete growth unit on the top of the trunk and the outermost part of the middle-crown branch with branchlet and twig from trees growing under two different light conditions. Twenty two leaf traits were measured and calculated using ImageJ on images of leaf tracings and cross-sections. Stomatal density was calculated on nail varnish impression of the leaf lower surface. Four chlorophyll traits were determined. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between development stages and axes. The lmg relative contribution was calculated with R package relaimpo and compared with bootstrap analysis to determine ontogenetic stage, axis category or light intensity, which explained more the variations in leaf anatomy.Key results:Leaf morphology and anatomy differed strongly during ontogeny for all four axes in term of order and category under both light conditions. The axis effect was displayed at stages B, C, D and F but tend to be insignificant at stage E. Tree ontogeny explained more variations in leaf morphology and anatomy than light intensity. Axis category explained more variations in leaf morphology but not in leaf anatomy than tree ontogeny. Conclusions: Strong and significant intraspecific variations (during ontogeny and between axes) may influence the interspecific variations, and thus challenge the validity of the mean value of leaf traits between species. Tree ontogeny contributed more than light intensity in explanation of the variability in leaf morphology and anatomy both on the trunk and second axis order strongly recommends that studies on the responses of leaf anatomy to the environment need to correct for the ontogeny effect
Person-Dedryver, Françoise. "Étude de la variabilité dans les relations hôtes-parasites liant les espèces ou variétés de céréales à paille ou (et) de graminées fourragères au nématode à kyste heterodera avenae Woll. Et au nématode à galle Meloidogyne naasi Franklin." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112177.
Full textVariation in the virulence of H. Avenae is responsible for 4 distinct pathotypes of the nematode in France. The barley cultivars Siri and P 31-322-1 are resistant to 3 pathotypes Fr2, Fr3 and Fr4. The cultivars Vogue and Ortolan prevent the development of Fr1 and Fr3 only. 1he resistance of the 4 barley cultivars depends upon dominants genes, whereas the virulence of the 4 pathotypes of H. Avenae depends on recessive genes. From genetic studies of host-parasite interactions, it is inferred that 2 dominant genes are responsible for the resistance of cultivar P 31-322-1 to Fr3 and 2 corresponding specific genes are responsible for pathogenicity in Fr1 to this variety. This "gene-for-gene" concept is not involved in all relationships between H. Avenae and barley cultivars low, more virulent pathotypes can be produced by crossing 2 pathotypes; but the probability of their occurence and persistence are very low. The mono or oligogenic resistance of the 4 barley cultivars seems to be durable. No pathotypes have been recognised in M. Naasi as no genotype with complete resistance to this nematode has been used so far. The ability of M naasi to multiply on grasses and cereals depends on the species. Oat, tall fescue and coksfoot are poor hosts of the nematode. Barley, winter wheat and ryegrass yield many females and eggs of M. Naasi. There is considerable intraspecific variation in the host status of these species. Incomplete resistance is found in perennial ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ruani and the spring barley cv. Morocco. Only one source of complete resistance to M. Naasi is shown in 2 lines of Aegilops variabilis (a close relative of wheat). These lines are, so fare the unique possibility for breeding "resistance to M. Naasi in cereals. Methods of breeding for durable resistance are proposed. The best solution appears to be the use alternately of crop plants with different genes for resistance or to con in several race specific genes in the same cultivar
Sinama, Melthide. "Cinétique spatiale et temporelle de zones hybrides : unicité et diversité au sein du modèle Chondrostomes (Teleostei, Cyprinidés), : application pour la conservation d'espèces d'intérêt patrimonial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4726.
Full textIn the Cyprinidae family (Teleostei), Parachondrostoma toxostoma (the sofie) and Chondrostoma nasus (the nase) are respectively endemic and invasive species which are found in sympatry in the south of France. They form two distinct hybrid zones: the Durance River (a highly fragmented environment) and the Ardèche basin (an unfragmented area). The existence of these two different zones allow us to characterize the respective contributions of exogenous selection (environmental factors) and endogenous selection (genomic compatibility) to explain hybridization patterns between the two species.This PhD thesis highlights the complexity of hybridization phenomena. Each situation is highly dependent of the study context. We showed the resistance of the genome of the endemic species to introgression by the genome of the invasive species in some stations. In other cases, we demonstrated more complex scenarios of admixture that evolve over time. The evolutionary potential generated by hybridization is undeniable, and we recommend to take the hybridization process into account in management programs and conservation of biodiversity
Ney, Jason B. "Transculturalism in Emile Galle's art nouveau Ecole De Nancy and contemporary landscape architecture." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191714.
Full textDepartment of Landscape Architecture
Dardeau, France. "Modulation de la manipulation du peuplier par le puceron lanigère, Phloeomyzus passerinii (Sign.), via la résistance de l’hôte et l’environnement." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2054/document.
Full textPhloeomyzus passerinii is an important pest of cultivated poplar stands in Europe. It develops onpoplar trunks, thanks to an undefined feeding mode, and exhibits variable performances depending on poplargenotypes. To develop efficient management strategies, we have investigated the trophic interactions betweenthis pest and its host. In addition, we have studied how host resistance and environmental factors, like fertilizationand water deficit, could affect these interactions. Histological and biochemical approaches highlighted theinduction by the aphid of an organized tissue in the bark of a susceptible poplar genotype (I-214), considered as apseudogall, where soluble phenolic compounds disappear but amino acids accumulate. Behavioral andphysiological approaches showed that the aphid nutrition behavior is optimized on these modified tissues, andthat its nymphal development is improved. Regarding resistance mechanisms, on a highly resistant genotype(Brenta), pseudogall formation was totally inhibited, due to an intense and extended lignification, preventing aphidsettlement. On a moderately resistant genotype (I-45/51), pseudogall formation was only partially inhibited,reducing demographic and behavioral performances of the insect, and the ability of the pseudogall to accumulateamino acids. To study environmental impacts, we considered the effects of three soil fertilization levels and threeirrigation levels. Fertilization did not modify aphid performances, probably due to an increase in amino acidsaccumulation by the pseudogall when fertilization decreased. Water deficit affected the interactions, through agenotype dependant effect, favoring insect development under an intermediate deficit on the resistant genotypeonly, and negatively affecting the development on both susceptible and resistant genotypes during a severe waterdeficit
Robert, Marianne. "Le comportement des thons tropicaux autour des objets flottants: de l'étude des comportements individuels et collectifs à l'étude du piège écologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209681.
Full textPour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons dans le premier chapitre caractérisé le comportement individuel de thons dans un réseau de DCP ancrés. L’analyse de données de marquage acoustique de 96 thons albacores (Thunnus albacares) (30-96 cm) à Hawaii montre que les thons présentent une plasticité comportementale forte face aux DCP qu’ils rencontrent mais également que le temps de résidence sous les DCP diminue avec la taille des individus. Afin de quantifier l’impact de l’augmentation de la densité de DCP il est essentiel de comprendre les mécanismes et les facteurs qui influencent les temps de résidences sous les DCP. Dans le second chapitre, des expériences de choix binaires suggèrent un rôle de la biomasse agrégée dans la formation, la maintenance et la dispersion des agrégations que forment les thons sous les objets flottants. La quantification de la dynamique des arrivées et des départs des poissons aux DCP permettra de valider les hypothèses que nous proposons concernant les mécanismes sociaux sous-jacents d’une part et d’autre part de tester l’influence de la qualité de l’environnement et de la densité de DCP sur les temps de résidences individuels et la distribution spatiale des populations. Dans le troisième chapitre, la comparaison de facteurs de condition de listaos (Katsuwonus pelamis) matures capturés en bancs libres et sous objets flottants dans une zone naturellement riche en objets flottants, et relativement peu impactée par le déploiement de DCP (Le Canal du Mozambique), nous a permis d’établir un point de référence essentiel pour estimer les effets des perturbations actuelles. Plus généralement, les résultats obtenus dans les différents chapitres tendent à conforter l’hypothèse d’un rôle social et non trophique des objets flottants dans l’écologie de thonidés. Les résultats obtenus durant cette thèse amènent à poser un regard nouveau sur l’hypothèse du piège écologique.
Notre travail s’est principalement intéressé à un modèle biologique de choix, les thons tropicaux. Cependant le cadre théorique des questions abordées, les outils d’observations et les méthodes d’analyses développées sont assez génériques pour être appliqués aux autres espèces rencontrées sous les objets flottants. Cette recherche s’intègre plus généralement dans les problématiques visant à mieux comprendre les stratégies comportementales et la distribution des populations dans des environnements multi-sites.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tessier, Dominique. "Ontogénie de l’asymétrie des métacarpes : étude de la plasticité osseuse." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20031.
Full textHain, Berit Manns Michael Peter. "Zytokine in Galle und Serum bei cholestatischen Lebererkrankungen /." 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013053216&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textGalle, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Regelungstechnische Untersuchung der Bedruckstofförderung in Rollendruckmaschinen / vorgelegt von Alexander Galle." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986372986/34.
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