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1
Corkum, Phil. "Aristotle on Ontological Dependence." Phronesis 53, no. 1 (2008): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852808x252594.
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AbstractAristotle holds that individual substances are ontologically independent from non-substances and universal substances but that non-substances and universal substances are ontologically dependent on substances. There is then an asymmetry between individual substances and other kinds of beings with respect to ontological dependence. Under what could plausibly be called the standard interpretation, the ontological independence ascribed to individual substances and denied of non-substances and universal substances is a capacity for independent existence. There is, however, a tension between this interpretation and the asymmetry between individual substances and the other kinds of entities with respect to ontological independence. I will propose an alternative interpretation: to weaken the relevant notion of ontological independence from a capacity for independent existence to the independent possession of a certain ontological status.
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Correia, Fabrice. "Ontological Dependence." Philosophy Compass 3, no. 5 (September 2008): 1013–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00170.x.
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Fine, Kit. "XIV—Ontological Dependence." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 95, no. 1 (June 1, 1995): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/95.1.269.
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Nolan, Daniel. "Categories and Ontological Dependence." Monist 94, no. 2 (2011): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist201194214.
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Katz, Emily. "Ontological Separation in Aristotle’s Metaphysics." Phronesis 62, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 26–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341318.
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Ontological separation plays a key role in Aristotle’s metaphysical project: substances alone are ontologically χωριστόν. The standard view identifies Aristotelian ontological separation with ontological independence, so that ontological separation is a non-symmetric relation. I argue that there is strong textual evidence that Aristotle employs an asymmetric notion of separation in theMetaphysics—one that involves the dependence of other entities on the independent entity. I argue that this notion allows Aristotle to prevent the proliferation of substance-kinds and thus to secure the unity of his metaphysical system.
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Todd, Patrick. "Soft facts and ontological dependence." Philosophical Studies 164, no. 3 (April 3, 2012): 829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-012-9917-4.
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Szekely, Rachel. "The Linguistic Reflexes of Ontological Dependence." International Review of Pragmatics 7, no. 1 (2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00701001.
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Nouns used to pick out ontologically dependent entities such as holes and flaws, unlike those picking out “ordinary” entities, such as coats and tables, cannot felicitously stand as indefinite subjects of a locative copular sentence (#A hole is in the bucket), but appear freely in there-sentences (There is a hole in the bucket). This contrast is further evidence in favour of the idea that the two sentence types have different underlying predication structures (cf. Barwise and Cooper, 1981; Francez, 2007; Hazout, 2004; McNally 1998a; Williams, 1984, 1994), but also that the preposition in, occurring in both constructions, is ambiguous between a locative and relational meaning. That locative in is distinct from the in that relates a dependent entity to its host is confirmed by inferences between and among sentences containing these two forms. Locative in, whose meaning is roughly that of enclosure or containment, is licensed as a predicate in a locative copular sentence; this sentence type is used to state the location of an entity. However, because a dependent entity’s location is entirely contingent on its host, it cannot be felicitously introduced in this way. By contrast, it is possible to introduce a dependent entity by stating that its host has the dependent entity in it, which is what a there-sentence does. Following Hornstein, Uriagereka and Rosen (1994), the underlying representation of a there-sentence which realizes this relation does not contain a preposition; rather, relational in is derived via incorporation into the copula, like have (Kayne, 1993).
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Kovacs, David Mark. "The Deflationary Theory of Ontological Dependence." Philosophical Quarterly 68, no. 272 (March 7, 2018): 481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqy003.
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Jansson, Lina. "Explanatory Asymmetries, Ground, and Ontological Dependence." Erkenntnis 82, no. 1 (February 22, 2016): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9802-1.
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Tallant, Jonathan. "Ontological dependence in a spacetime-world." Philosophical Studies 172, no. 11 (February 7, 2015): 3101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-015-0459-4.
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Goldberg, Nathaniel. "Response-Dependence, Noumenalism, and Ontological Mystery." European Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (December 2009): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0378.2007.00280.x.
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Jovanovic, Monika. "Response-dependence and aesthetic realism: Zangwill and Pettit." Theoria, Beograd 65, no. 2 (2022): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2202077j.
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In this paper I discuss the application of the response-dependence thesis in aesthetics. When we apply this thesis in aesthetics, we arrive at the view that aesthetic properties are in some way, epistemologically or ontologically, dependent on the response of an observer. Even though all defenders of the response-dependence thesis adopt the same formula, they interpret it in different, even mutually incompatible ways. We can see how such contrasting readings can be widely divergent when we compare two well-known aesthetic papers which adhere to the response-dependence thesis: the Philip Pettit?s paper on the possibility of aesthetic realism, and the Nick Zangwill?s paper on the ontological status of beauty. After I critically examin and compare the views argued in these papers, I will try to answer a more general question of whether a response-dependence thesis, in its original form, can help us better understand the ontological and the epistemological status of aesthetic qualities.
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Nuñez Erices, Gonzalo. "Boundaries and Things. A Metaphysical Study of the Brentano-Chisholm Theory." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 33, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2019-330203.
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Abstract The fact that boundaries are ontologically dependent entities is agreed by Franz Brentano and Roderick Chisholm. This article studies both authors as a single metaphysical account about boundaries. The Brentano-Chisholm theory understands that boundaries and the objects to which they belong hold a mutual relationship of ontological dependence: the existence of a boundary depends upon a continuum of higher spatial dimensionality, but also is a conditio sine qua non for the existence of a continuum. Although the view that ordinary material objects and their boundaries (or surfaces) ontologically depend on each other is correct, it does not grasp their asymmetric relationship: while the existence of a surface rigidly depends upon the existence of the very object it belongs to, the existence of a physical object generically depends upon having some surface. In modal terms, both are two kinds of de re ontological dependence that this article tries to distinguish.
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Chmil, Hanna, and Nadiia Korablova. "Postmodern Personality: Ontological Self-dependance." Culturology Ideas, no. 14 (2'2018) (2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-14-2018-2.7-18.
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The article focuses on the triggers of ontological dependence as well as elucidates the construction / deconstruction of being by contemporary humans from the perspective of self-dependence. As a result, the real identity is substituted by simulacra and simulation in their different forms: avatars, images, masks in virtual reality. In view of this, ontological self-dependence cannot have any grounding because the identity serves as its basis. A paradoxical situation has come about with respect to the growth of irrationality, which testifies to the unreasonableness of technological society in which even a rational and appropriate idea turns into irrational one. It makes humans trespass the boundaries of space and time, which leads to their addiction to modern technologies. It should be mentioned that the concept of ontological self-dependence is a very urgent topic. It is associated with the implication of various meanings apart from those ones discussed in this paper. The recognition of the plasticity of the subjectivity seems to be important from the perspective of heuristics. The subjectivity seeks to be adequate to informational society and “the flowing present” (Z. Bauman) with low social dependence and the freedom of choice, with the feeling of social rootedness and at the same time the freedom to be whatever they want to be. Being self-dependent, such a personality manifests itself in the destruction of social fabric as a total representation and makes this fabric discrete, which allows the personality to regain the wholeness of ontological being both in the society and culture.
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Paoletti, Michele Paolini. "Respects of Dependence and Symmetry." Studia Neoaristotelica 18, no. 1 (2021): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20211812.
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In this article I discuss several apparent counterexamples to the asymmetry of ontological dependence. These counterexamples were introduced in discussions about grounding, but they can affect every theory of ontological dependence. I show that, if one adopts metaontological pluralism (i.e., the view according to which there are many dependence relations), one has some advantages when it comes to defending the asymmetry of dependence. In Section 1, I introduce metaontological pluralism and my own version of it, which is based on Respect-of-Dependence Relations (rd-relations). I then single out five strategies to deal with apparent cases of symmetric dependence and show that two of them are only available to metaontological pluralists. In Sections 2, 3, and 4 I deal with cases of symmetric dependence by adopting these strategies. Finally, in Section 5, I anticipate and reply to three objections against my account.
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Neels, Richard. "PHUSIS, OPPOSITES, AND ONTOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE IN HERACLITUS." History of Philosophy Quarterly 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/48563632.
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Greenberg, Jane, Angela Murillo, and John A. Kunze. "Ontological Empowerment: Sustainability via Ownership." Advances in Classification Research Online 23, no. 1 (February 12, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/acro.v23i1.14258.
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<p>Positive impacts associated with urban housing/home ownership programs motivate us to study this topic in relation to ontologies. This paper reviews ontological dependence and presents early work underway in the DataONE Preservation and Metadata Working Group (PAMWG) to collectively leverage existing metadata schemes and ontologies. The paper introduces a high-level set of functional requirements and the stackoverflow model that may be used detect highly rated metadata or ontological properties to from a loose cannon for describing scientific data. The long term goal is to establish community identity and rhythm supporting a sustainable ontology/metadata driven workflow.</p>
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Bruno, G. Anthony. "Meillassoux, Correlationism, and the Ontological Difference." PhaenEx 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v12i2.5027.
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Meillassoux defines “correlationism” as the view that we can only access the mutual dependence of thought and being—specifically, subjectivity and objectivity—which he attributes to Heidegger. This attribution is inapt. It is only by accessing being—via existential analysis—that we can properly distinguish beings like subjects and objects. I propose that Meillassoux’s misattribution ignores the ontological difference that drives Heidegger’s project. First, I demonstrate the inadequacy of Meillassoux’s account of correlationism as a criticism of Heidegger and dispense with an objection. Second, I argue that Meillassoux’s neglect of the ontological difference stems from a question-begging appeal to transcendental realism, which is at odds with Heidegger’s twin claims for a variety of transcendental idealism in Being and Time. Third, I offer a reflection on three general marks of transcendental idealism.
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Kovacs, David Mark. "Constitution and Dependence." Journal of Philosophy 117, no. 3 (2020): 150–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil2020117310.
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Constitution is the relation that holds between an object and what it is made of: statues are constituted by the lumps of matter they coincide with; flags, one may think, are constituted by colored pieces of cloth; and perhaps human persons are constituted by biological organisms. Constitution is often thought to be a "dependence relation." In this paper, I argue that given some plausible theses about ontological dependence, most definitions of constitution don’t allow us to retain this popular doctrine. The best option for those who want to maintain that constitution is a dependence relation is to endorse a kind of mereological hylomorphism: constituted objects have their constituters as proper parts, along with a form, which is another proper part. The upshot is that constitution theorists who think of constitution as a dependence relation but are reluctant to endorse mereological hylomorphism ought to give up one of their commitments.
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Voinov, Artem, and Ilya Senokosov. "Analysis of the performance of languages for working with the ontological model of the assembly of 3D-constructions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 7 (December 1, 2022): 072014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/7/072014.
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Abstract The paper studies the performance of various languages used to work with ontological models. The languages are used in the methodology for modifying and verifying the 3D construction ontology presented in this paper. The methodology consists of three stages: building an ontological model of the assembly system and an ontological model of the desired 3D structure, modifying the original 3D structure model, and verifying the result in order to decide on further actions. The paper considers two groups of languages: query languages and modification languages. SQWRL and SPARQL are analyzed as query languages, and OWL DL and SWRL are used as modification languages. The comparison is based on the speed of performing such basic Boolean operations as conjunction and disjunction. To achieve the greatest objectivity a study is carried out on models of different dimensions. All measurements are made in the Protégé system since this system supports all 4 languages, the dependence of the runtime results on the runtime environment is minimized. The evaluation results are presented as a graph of the dependence of the rate of change in the process of performing an operation on the number of elements in the ontological model. The conclusion shows that the languages OWL DL (reasoner Pellet) and SWRL as ontology transformation languages and SPARQL as a query language are most suitable for working with the assembly ontology of 3D structures.
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Shen, Vincent. "From Interpretation to Construction: Guo Xiang’s Ontological Individualism." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40, no. 5 (March 2, 2013): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-04005014.
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Guo Xiang’s ontological individualism represents a case of philosophical construction based on his interpretation of the Zhuangzi. His concept of the self-transformation of the individual who is selfborn, with self-nature and without dependence on others supports the idea of individual autonomy. Nevertheless, each individual’s act for self-interest still benefits other individuals in a non-teleological mutual accommodation. The path from duhua (self-transformation) of each individual on the level of existence, to the xiangyin (mutual accommodation) among individuals on the level of action consequence, to the ideal of xuanming (ultimate concordance), is the path on which the world is to proceed.
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Forgie, J. William. "The Cosmological and Ontological Arguments: How Saint Thomas Solved the Kantian Problem." Religious Studies 31, no. 1 (March 1995): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500023313.
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Let us call the Dependency Theses (DT) the view, first stated by Kant, that certain versions of the cosmological argument depend on the ontological argument. At least two different reasons have been given for the supposed dependence. Given the DT, some of Aquinas' views about God's essence, and about our knowledge of God's existence, can seem, at least at first, to be inconsistent. I consider two different ways of defending Aquinas against this suspicion of inconsistency. On the first defence, based on a widespread understanding of his notion of ‘necessary being’, Aquinas' views fall outside the scope of the DT. The success of this defence is doubtful. There is, however, another defence to be found in Aquinas' work, one directed not to avoiding, but actually to rejecting, the DT. In this second defence, the DT is not a correct assessment even of those views that do fall within its scope. Its success means that Aquinas had available a principled refutation of the DT some five hundred years before it was first formulated.
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Lapshov, Yuriy A., Denis G. Lyamkin, Viktor N. Negoda, and Andrey A. Pertsev. "THE ONTOLOGICAL MODELING IN PLANNING THE STAFFING SUPPORT PERFORMING A CODE REVIEW FOR AUTOMATED SYSTEMS." Автоматизация процессов управления 2, no. 68 (2022): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35752/1991-2927-2022-2-68-108-117.
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The paper deals with the issues of automating the processes of ontological modeling in order to automate the processes of forming a team of performers of work on code review of automated systems. It is proposed to define the roles and responsibilities of team members based on the integrated automated information and analytical processes that are based on ontological modeling, value engineering, active accumulation and use of design experience, a role-based approach to personnel management in combination with an aspect-oriented approach to design the automated systems. Ontological modeling is considered as an incremental process of sequential expansion of the basic ontological model of end-to-end design of automated systems in the context of three target aspects: staffing support of the project, automated code review, and the value engineering. The use of the first two aspects arise from the very content of this process, the use of the latter one is due to the dependence of all works on the budget and the widespread practice of saving on code review. The incremental process used in these aspects is ensured by the inclusion by the aggregation facilities concepts and relations in the basic ontological model.
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Bugrova, T. I. "The Transformation of Concepts about Space and Time in the Classical Philosophy and Science." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 13, no. 2 (2013): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2013-13-2-8-11.
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The aim of this work is to determine the features of the development of concepts of space and time in philosophy and science that could in the future perspective reveal the principles of transformation of the philosophical categories in the categories of science. In the article is analyzed the content of the categories of space and time in the classical philosophy and science. The author considers the basic ontological concepts of the Renaissance and Early modern period, compares and analyzes the characteristics of the models of space and time. Also the investigation focuses on the relationship of understanding categories of «space» and «time» with other ontological categories, analyzes the features of their interaction. The study reveals stable trends to desacralization of understanding of considered categories, their notional „expansion“, increase of relativism in space-time concepts, and their dependence upon the philosophical content of other ontological categories, such as movement, development, etc.
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Christopoulou, Demetra. "Sets and Necessity." Politeia 1, no. 3 (2019): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/politeia20191323.
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Τhis paper addresses the issue of the metaphysical status of sets and their interconnections. It discusses a foundational approach of the iterative set theoretic hierarchy comparatively to a regressive approach. Then it takes under consideration some naturalistic accounts of set theory and presents certain difficulties naturalism faces. It claims that the ontological status of sets should be dealt with in non-naturalistic terms and suggests that the issue in question could rather be placed in the context of a metaphysical discussion concerning abstract objects. So it investigates the operation ‘set of …’ as governed by necessary ontological dependence. After comparing some of the platonistic views S. Cowling (2017) has discussed, it proposes one of them as an appropriate account of sets as abstract objects with a modal status.
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Duerr, Patrick M., and Claudio Calosi. "The general-relativistic case for super-substantivalism." Synthese 199, no. 5-6 (October 16, 2021): 13789–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-021-03398-9.
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AbstractSuper-substantivalism (of the type we’ll consider) roughly comprises two core tenets: (1) the physical properties which we attribute to matter (e.g. charge or mass) can be attributed to spacetime directly, with no need for matter as an extraneous carrier “on top of” spacetime; (2) spacetime is more fundamental than (ontologically prior to) matter. In the present paper, we revisit a recent argument in favour of super-substantivalism, based on General Relativity. A critique is offered that highlights the difference between (various accounts of) fundamentality and (various forms of) ontological dependence. This affords a metaphysically more perspicuous view of what super-substantivalism’s tenets actually assert, and how it may be defended. We tentatively propose a re-formulation of the original argument that not only seems to apply to all classical physics, but also chimes with a standard interpretation of spacetime theories in the philosophy of physics.
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Glukhov, N. I., and P. N. Nasedkin. "Analysis of internal threats to information security of enterprises." Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 24, no. 1 (2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2021-24-1-33-41.
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In this work the authors analyze the internal threats to information security. The article provides the research results obtained by analyzing the threats related to the information losses and presents a new approach to estimate possible damage to an enterprise by considering an ontological model of interrelation of basic concepts. Based on the ontological model the generalized formula to estimate a potential damage to an enterprise has been developed. This formula reflects the dependence of estimation of a potential damage on safety threats and their sources from the point of view of each information asset and information properties. In the work the main sources of threats, kinds of the information, expenses for the budget and basic problems in control and counteraction to internal threats of information safety are listed
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Golovko, N. V. "Metaphysics as a First Science, Again: How a Textbook on Metaphysics Is Possible. Book Review: Lowe E. J. The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time. Clarendon Press, 1998." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 19, no. 4 (May 18, 2022): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-4-155-163.
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Jonathan Lowe believes that metaphysics should regain its central place in philosophy. It is an autonomous philosophical discipline, which task is to outline the realm of what is really possible by defining a system of fundamental ontological categories under which everything that exists falls, and relations of ontological dependence in which objects of various ontological categories are related to each other. Metaphysical categories are what gives meaning to our experience, however, unlike I. Kant, they are not the result of a priori constraints – on the contrary, they are subject to revision in the face of experience. The question of why there is something in the world rather than nothing, is solved with a non-Wittgensteinian understanding of what the world is (world is the sum of all existing objects because world as “the totality of facts” lacks determinate identity-conditions), as well as an understanding that universals must be actually instantiated in particulars. Far from being an easy textbook in the proper sense, this book is a brilliant example of the return of Aristotle to modern metaphysics.Reflections on the book: Lowe E. J. The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time. Clarendon Press, 1998.
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Herrera, Gerardo, Rita Jordan, and Lucí Vera. "Agency and Presence: A Common Dependence on Subjectivity?" Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.5.539.
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This paper argues that presence, as shown in virtual environments, can usefully be seen as comprising various subtypes and that these in turn may have common conceptual and ontological features with a sense of agency as defined by Russell (1996, Agency: Its Role in Mental Development, Erlbaum.). Furthermore, an analysis of Russell's characterization of the concept of agency may be useful for acquiring insight into the sense of presence itself and the variables affecting it. Empirical evidence from cognitive developmental research and the positive results of attempts to develop symbolic understanding in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in virtual environments suggest that presence may be more about experiencing agency than either pretending to be there or constructing and reconstructing mental models in real time. This analysis is used to shed some light on the current issues of presence research and to open up new philosophical and psychological aspects, in relation to both presence and ASD.
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Oliveira, Amanda Maria Souza de, and Larissa Chaves Pedreira. "Being elderly with functional dependence and their family caregivers." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 25, spe1 (2012): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002012000800022.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the authors` point of discussion on the elderly with functional dependence, correlating it with the ontological time discussed in Heidegger. METHODS: This is a bibliographic, systematic and qualitative study. Data was collected in the Scientific Electronic Library Online database. A total of 123 studies were identified, 15 studies were included considering the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Based on the semantic analysis of Bardin, the following categories of analysis were established: being caregiver for the elderly with functional dependence, being elderly with functional dependence, family dynamics. CONCLUSION: It was understood that factors related to the worldliness of these people as family relationships, support of formal and informal services, economic and social situation, among others, are part of the history of these people influencing their modes of being. Searching to understand these factors is important to promote the health of these people, thinking of the biological and existential care.
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Hartin, Travis L., and William E. Merriman. "Children’s interpretation of a label for an individuated object: Dependence on age and ontological kind." First Language 36, no. 4 (May 24, 2016): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723716648848.
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Yip, Jack. "Truthmaking as an Account of How Grounding Facts Hold." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2015-290203.
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Abstract Grounding, as a way to articulate ontological dependence, faces the problem of what grounds grounding facts themselves (such as the fact that the singleton of Socrates is grounded in Socrates). This problem stems from the need to account for the holding of grounding facts, which generates the hierarchical structure of ontological dependence. Within the grounding framework, grounding facts are either ungrounded or grounded. I will first argue that neither option can provide us with a satisfactory account. The main reason is that non-fundamental entities have to be counted as fundamental or involved in the essences of fundamental entities in order for either of the two options to work-the non-fundamental is being smuggled into the fundamental. My suggestion is to appeal to the notion of truthmaking and tackle the problem about the holding of grounding facts outside the grounding framework|-instead of asking what grounds grounding facts, I ask what makes grounding claims true. Truthmaking is a prima facie relation holding between the representational and the non-representational such that the latter makes the former true. With the principle 'if hpi is true, then it is a fact that p,' we can account for the holding of grounding facts in a derivative sense. As a proposition contains the information about its truthmaker, the nature of grounding claims will tell us how grounding facts hold. I accept a realm of concepts which make up propositions (which might be needed already if there are propositions and propositions are compositional). These concepts will act as part of the truthmaker for grounding claims (in addition to the non-conceptual fundamental entities)-the concept of the ground must figure in the concept of the grounded. For a concept to figure in another, it is to be involved in the constitutive essence of the latter (analogous to Kit Fine's idea that the ground of a grounded entity figures in the essence of the grounded entity). This account will not smuggle anything non-fundamental into the fundamental realm. The implication is that ontological dependence stems from our different kinds of conceptualisations (perhaps of the same stuff, as in the concepts of water and H2O), which justifies metaphysicians' armchair method.
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Bermous, Aleksandr Grigorevich. "Scientific and pedagogical knowledge as an ontological phenomenon." Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2019-1-3-17.
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The article observes the forms and the essence of scientific and pedagogical knowledge as a gnoseological category. The terms «scientific knowledge»,«scientific and pedagogical knowledge», «historical and pedagogical knowledge» are differentiated. The key factors which cause reinterpretation of the contemporary education phenomenon in respect of the fundamental aspects of human beingness are described. Specific features of the research on pedagogical reality have been compared by means of epistemological, logical-gnoseological, anthropological and ontological approaches. Scientific and pedagogical knowledge is considered as a component of more general scientific and humanitarian knowledge. The article also notes the role of pedagogical tradition which seals pedagogical knowledge into a hermeneutic circle. Moreover, a wide range of definitions of the concept «scientific and pedagogical knowledge» have been compared. Key problems affecting the process of scientific and pedagogical cognition in the context of postmodern have been highlighted. Namely, the question of the authenticity of scientific and pedagogical knowledge, its incompleteness, ambiguity, its dependence on the result of the modern reality transformation and also its close connection with the process of historical development of society. The text emphasizes the importance of individual's existential experience in the context of social cultivationof a person. The article states that pedagogical knowledge has been influenced by such processes as total informatization, digitalization and technologization of pedagogical process both negatively and positively. The acceleration is identified as a tendency in all spheres of life and it leads to the education refocus - a refusal from long-term forecasts in favor to implementation of short-term practice-oriented educational projects. The dichotomy between pedagogical theory and everyday pedagogical practice is considered as one of the main ontological problems of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. The most common properties of scientific and pedagogical knowledge are formed according to the standpoint of modern methodology of education. The article emphasizes the importance of scientific and pedagogical knowledge popularization as the way of implementation of educational function of pedagogics and promotion of pedagogical culture in society.
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Golovko, Nikita V. "J. Ladyman and E. J. Lowe: Patterns, Essence, and Truthmaking." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-4-63-77.
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The paper aims to look for an adequate ontological explanation of the «second pattern» existence within Ladyman’s ITSR, the existence of which is a necessary condition that the analyzed pattern is a real pattern indeed. From Ladyman’s point of view, the ontological truthmaker for the epistemic fact is thus that it is a real pattern. As the core interpretation of truthmaking within Ladyman’s concept, we will take the interpretation of truthmaking as essential dependence proposed by E.J. Lowe: an object is a truthmaker for the proposition when part of the essence of the proposition is that the proposition is true if the object exists. Taking into account a number of limitations of Lowe’s concept (essence precedes existence, essence is not an object, etc.), the existence of a “second pattern” within Ladyman’s conception should be understood via defining its essence, regardless of whether its very existence is ever confirmed.
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Sutherland, Thomas. "Peter Sloterdijk and the ‘Security Architecture of Existence’: Immunity, Autochthony, and Ontological Nativism." Theory, Culture & Society 36, no. 7-8 (May 6, 2019): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276419839119.
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Centred on Foams, the third volume of his Spheres trilogy (2011, 2014, 2016), this article questions the privilege granted by Peter Sloterdijk to motifs of inclusion and exclusion, contending that, whilst his prioritization of dwelling as a central aspect of human existence (drawing in part upon the work of Martin Heidegger) provides a promising counterpoint to the dislocative and isolative effects of post-industrial capitalism, it is compromised by its dependence upon an anti-cosmopolitan outlook that views cultural distantiation as a natural and preferable state of human affairs, and valorizes a purported ontological security attained through defensive postures with respect to perceived foreigners or externalities. Sloterdijk’s conceptualization of culture as a kind of immune system, it is argued, although posited as a rebuke to models of essentialism and ethno-nationalism, provides ontological support to the xenophobic critiques of immigration that are today finding increasing currency.
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Blank, Andreas. "Nicolaus Taurellus on Forms and Elements." Science in Context 27, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 659–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000246.
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ArgumentThis article examines the conception of elements in the natural philosophy of Nicolaus Taurellus (1547–1606) and explores the theological motivation that stands behind this conception. By some of his early modern readers, Taurellus may have been understood as a proponent of material atoms. By contrast, I argue that considerations concerning the substantiality of the ultimate constituents of composites led Taurellus to an immaterialist ontology, according to which elements are immaterial forms that possess active and passive potencies as well as motion and extension. In Taurellus's view, immaterialism about elements provides support for the theological doctrine of creationex nihilo. As he argues, the ontology of immaterial forms helps to explicate a sense in which creatures are substances, not accidents of the divine substance. In particular, he maintains that immaterial forms stand in suitable relations of ontological dependence to God: creation dependence (since forms would not exist without the divine act of creation), but neither subsistence dependence (since forms continue to exist without continued divine agency) nor activity dependence (since forms are active without requiring divine concurrence).
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McEwan, Hunter. "What Other Worlds Have to Say about Ontological Dependence: Is There Life in the Logical Thesis?" Educational Theory 40, no. 3 (June 1990): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1990.00381.x.
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Kopteva, Nataliya V. "Psychological effects of information technology use in relation to ontological security and embodied self (based on the study of undergraduates of humanitarian faculties)." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 1 (2020): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-1-92-105.
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The model of «normative» use of information technology (offered by V.A. Emelin, A.Sh. Tkhostov, E.I. Rasskazova) describes various psychological effects including changes of psychological boundaries and needs, and psychological dependence. The author of the article suggests that the list of such effects might contain disembodiment resulting from the lack of a person’s physical body due to their being on the aethyr and transformation of a person into an immaterial being (M. McLuhan). The new technological way of being-in-the-world is similar to a schizoid one, which R.D. Laing, a British psychologist and psychiatrist, relates to ontological insecurity, unembodiment (of the mental self in the body) and blurring of the existential boundaries between the «self» and «non-self». The authorial psychological construct of ontological security as a two-level system of experience, based on R.D. Laing’s conception, and authorial diagnostic procedures derived from this construct were used in the study. The first procedure was based on the principle of semantic differential «OS(SD)» and the second procedure was psychometric «OS(PM)». It was discovered that the group of students suffering from more pronounced consequences of normative use of mobile phones and prone to Internet-addicted behavior showed certain effect. It included a decline in manifestations of ontological security as experiencing existential props within and outside their selves, lower degree of existential antagonism (when existence is viewed as «a good life») and inflation of a false self linked to ontological insecurity and disembodiment. The analysis of the total sample revealed the selective nature of connections between the consequences of normative use of mobile phones and ontological security. In particular, a decline of the latter was associated with increasing changes in psychological borders. They involved the changes in the reflection of personal privacy during the expansion and erosion of the psychological borders, and the changes in the use of these conditions to simplify and secure communication with other people.
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Vinegar, Aron. "Art History and Visual Culture without World." eitschrift für Ästhetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft Band 60. Heft 1 60, no. 1 (2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000106253.
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Aron Vinegar’s essay explores art history and visual culture’s dependence on a phenomenological conception of world, which is based on a hermeneutics of facticity, intentionality, and ontological difference. He argues that the ‘basic concept’ of world has structured the field of art history and visual culture in implicit and explicit ways, thus dictating many of its commitments and concerns. One of the primary limitations of this commitment to world, is that it has resulted in art history and visual culture’s tendency to concern itself with a very small portion of existence, usually human existence, in its emphasis on hermeneutics and facticity, thus foreclosing on a more generous and speculative ontology, ethics, and politics. The concept of “world” suggests an overarching totality, an interconnected field of meaning and sense, often indicated by a tacit and resonate tonality. But there is no overarching “world” or “world-view” that can provide us with an overview of or container for the myriad worlds of things. An art history that is willing to consider that the world does not exist would acknowledge and embrace the fact that there is no overall focus, which can encompass things and events in all their spatio-temporal complexity. It would entail a practice attentive to a “supple and inflected bathmology” (Vinegar prefers this phrase to “flat ontology”) in its refusal to emphasize “privileged ontological scenes” predicated on hierarchies of ontological difference, and subsuming things and experience within the structures of phenomenological intentionality. To initiate such a practice, Vinegar suggests an embrace of what he terms “ontological indifference,” a robust notion of habit, and a temporal logic that would be fully attentive to a pluriverse of multiple existences and eruptions of substance, which extend well beyond ‘our’ realms of significance and meaning, cares and concerns, laughter and joy, losses and mournings.
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PIWOWARCZYK, MAREK. "THE INGARDENIAN DISTINCTION BETWEEN INSEPARABILITY AND DEPENDENCE: HISTORICAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONSIDERATIONS." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 9, no. 2 (2020): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2020-9-2-532-551.
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In this paper I present the Ingardenian distinction between inseparability and dependence. My considerations are both historical and systematic. The historical part of the paper accomplishes two goals. First, I show that in the Brentanian tradition the problem of existential (or broadly: ontological) conditioning was entangled into parts—whole theories. The best examples of such an approach are Kazimierz Twardowski’s theory of the object and Edmund Husserl’s theory of parts and wholes. Second, I exhibit the context within which Ingarden distinguished inseparability and dependence. Moreover, Ingarden’s motivations are presented: the problem of understanding the Husserlian concept of “immanent transcendence,” the issue of the existence of purely intentional objects, and finally the problem of the relationship between individual objects and ideas. The systematic part deals with the ambiguity of Ingarden’s definition of inseparability. I seek to improve this definition by reference to the distinction (made by Ingarden himself) between absolute and summative wholes. I also present some divisions of inseparability and dependence and investigate whether these types of existential conditioning are reflexive, symmetric, or transitive.
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Boella, Guido, and Leendert van der Torre. "The ontological properties of social roles in multi-agent systems: definitional dependence, powers and roles playing roles." Artificial Intelligence and Law 15, no. 3 (July 19, 2007): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-007-9030-8.
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Popovic, Sasa. "Reality, fundamentality, grounding (and cognate notions)." Theoria, Beograd 63, no. 3 (2020): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2003105p.
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The notion of grounding is one of the central notions in the debates concerning ontological dependence in contemporary metaphysics and metametaphysics. In this paper we have carried out a comparative analysis of grounding, supervenience, reality, fundamentality, and cognate notions, and we have demonstrated what their role should be in the context of neo-Aristotelian hierarchical ontologies and the project of metaphysical foundationalism. We have also sketched out some basic outlines of what Kit Fine calls ?the pure logic of ground? by establishing certain formal desiderata which grounding ought to meet in order to successfully carry out its specific ontologico- explanatory role. It is finally shown that grounding suffers from similar problems and shortcomings as supervenience, and that a satisfactory solution of those problems cannot be found by looking to metaphysical primitivism according to which grounding is a sui generis, primitive and unanalysable notion which is nonetheless essential for metaphysics. Even though grounding might turn out to be an ?essentially contested concept?, in the end we suggest how the aforementioned problems might be met by means of holistic considerations of grounding within the broader context of the entire (meta)metaphysical theory.
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BELOV, VLADIMIR. "V. SESEMAN’S “PURE KNOWLEDGE” CONCEPT." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, no. 1 (2022): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-190-207.
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Although the concept of “pure knowledge” is one of the most interesting and singular concepts in the philosophical work of Vasily Seseman (1884-1963), it can only be presented after a comprehensive analysis of the philosopher’s numerous works devoted to ontological, epistemological and logical problems. Seseman believes that the main philosophical trends at the beginning of the twentieth century, namely neo-Kantianism, intuitionism and phenomenology, could not present this concept, although they did try. According to the philosopher, the main reason for the inability of neo-Kantianism, intuitionism and phenomenology to start talking about pure knowledge is their inability to assert the essential difference between objective and non-objective knowledge. Sesemann pays special attention when substantiating his concept of “pure knowledge” to the difference between his approach and that of the founder of modern phenomenology. The philosopher points out that even Husserl, who concentrated attention on the specifics of inner experience, puts this specific, in the end, in dependence on the process of cognition and reflection, completely ignoring its ontological foundations. While pure knowledge, according to Seseman, is neither non-objective, nor objective knowledge, nor non-objective, nor objective being, it, in fact, is non-knowledge and non-being. It is precisely this understanding by the philosopher of this phenomenon that allows him to characterize pure knowledge as premiseless and limitless and, in general, as free from any ontological or epistemological determinations. However, on the other hand, Sesemann insists that the phenomenon of pure knowledge has the meaning of not just a regulatory idea, an infinitely distant ideal, but also a real constitutive meaning, as a principle that reveals and determines the human striving for knowledge as an interconnected and necessary process that ascends from the onto-gnoseological stage of non-objective knowledge to the epistemological, and then the logical stage of objective knowledge.
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Bonelli, Cristóbal. "On People, Sensorial Perception, and Potential Affinity in Southern Chile." Social Analysis 63, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2019.630204.
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Through an ethnographic exploration of Pehuenche conceptualizations of doubles and of greeting and funerary practices in Southern Chile, this article considers the ontological relevance of sensorial perception as a main operator for stabilizing the tension between autonomy and dependence on otherness. The article aims to establish how relations between ‘real people’ or che, in Pehuenche daily life, do not precede mutual sensorial perception; instead, they can be seen as the result of such perceptions. In so doing, and building upon the concept of ‘potential affinity’ as a persisting relational principle of relatedness, I show how the minimal unit of analysis of sensorial perception is not composed of separated unities. Rather, it is an assemblage of multiple capacities involving both visible and invisible relational entities.
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Gerarts, Katharina. "Child protection in Germany." Papers of Social Pedagogy 11, no. 1 (July 28, 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3069.
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The article looks at the history of childhood in the society, the country of Germany, and abroad. Today’s view of children as legal persons, recognizing their endowment with competencies and resources but also their ontological dependence, is a rather ‘new’ perspective in human history. Therefore the article first focuses onto the UN-Child-Right’s-Convention which was ratified in Germany in 1992. Second, a closer look at the development of the legal foundations of child protection in Germany shows how child protection in Germany was developed. The reader will get an overview about the child protection system in Germany, afterwards. The article ends with some recommendations to establish a child-rights-focused perspective in the child protection system in Germany.
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Magdziak, Marek. "A Logical Analysis of Existential Dependence and Some Other Ontological Concepts—A Comment to Some Ideas of Eugenia Ginsberg-Blaustein." Axioms 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms5030019.
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Gálvez, Marcelo González, Piergiorgio Di Giminiani, and Giovanna Bacchiddu. "Theorizing Relations in Indigenous South America." Social Analysis 63, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2019.630201.
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Once conceptualized as self-evident connections between discrete social units systematized through ethnographic fieldwork, relations are being increasingly treated as instantiations of local ontological theories. The ethnography of indigenous South America has provided a source of inspiration for this analytical shift. As manifested in the contributions to this special issue, at the core of indigenous practices and discourses on relations lies a tension between ‘dependence on otherness’ and an ‘ethics of autonomy’. In this introduction, we revisit this tension by focusing on the ‘taming of relations’, a process through which subjects attempt to maintain the autonomy of each being vis-à-vis their relational constitution dependent on others. We argue that rather than being a necessary condition, autonomy is always a partial outcome of relations linking human and non-human others.
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Stoeber, Michael. "Constructivist Epistemologies of Mysticism: A Critique and a Revision." Religious Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1992): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500021417.
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Some philosophers of mysticism stress the dependence of mystical experience upon the conceptual categories of the mystic. This has been referred to as an intentionalist or constructivist view, where the mystic ‘constructs’ the framework of mystical encounter, or experiences that which was ‘intended’ at the outset of the mystical path. Steven Katz, for example, insists that the beliefs, values and concepts of mystics directly affect the nature of their mystical experiences. He says, ‘the ontological structure(s) of each major mystical tradition is different and this pre-experiential, inherited structure directly enters into the mystical occasion itself’. In contrast to essentialist theories which hold all mystical experience to be phenomenologically the same though subject to varying interpretations, this constructivist view interprets the tremendous differences in mystical descriptions to be evidence of differences in experience type.
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Rodziewicz, Artur. "Tyrania - matka polityki." Etyka 36 (December 1, 2003): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.413.
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Tyranny is a phenomenon following in the footsteps of politics and contemporary political thought. The aim of this article is an attempt to bring out and – on the basis of Plato’s texts – show the fundamental relationship between tyranny and politeia, which should make a philosopher interested in the foundation of tyranny. The relationship, or better – dependence – is based on the conception that, in my opinion, is fundamental for Platonic philosophy which combines ontological and political investigations that one could call ‘opposition’s transformations’ whose extreme points are the philosopher and the tyrant. They represent two different attitudes towards politics. The article is accompanied by the belief that one cannot practice classical political philosophy, that is a quest for a perfect political system, without incessant dwelling on tyranny. For tyranny is an area where politics comes into being.
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Lucic, Miomirka. "Identity in different contexts: Traditionalism, modernism and postmodernism." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 154 (2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1654103l.
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The paper puts emphasis on the experience of cultural identity through various social contexts: traditionalism, modernism and postmodernism. Special attention is directed towards the analysis of the position of an individual, and the social framework in which that individual creates his/her identity. Analysis of different theoretical approaches reveals that the cultural identity is a category which permanently changes, but we should not lose sight of the fact that there are certain determinants which suggest that cultural identity in traditional, modern and postmodern societies bears certain similarities. In most scientific studies there is a claim that an individual overcame his/her ontological connection to community and dependence on it, and that reflexivity becomes the norm. However, if you go deeper into the essence of social relations you can find that space for individuality and free acting of an individual is freed from heteronomy as a traditional form of behavior, but not freed from the strong influence of market ideology that largely determines and affects human activities. Therefore, an individual more and more consumes what already exits, while less and less acts as an authentic creator. That dependence goes through a metamorphosis, expressing itself in a different form and with different intensity in different social contexts, but does not disappear.