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Journal articles on the topic 'OOP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Nedoria, A. E. "Language Design: OOP or not OOP or better OOP." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 31, no. 5 (2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2019-31(5)-6.

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Charles, Randy. "OOP." 3C ON-LINE 2, no. 2 (1995): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/381977.1082367.

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Chevan, Julia, Daniel L. Riddle, and Shelby D. Reed. "Out-of-Pocket Spending for Ambulatory Physical Therapy Services From 2008 to 2012: National Panel Survey." Physical Therapy 95, no. 12 (2015): 1680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150018.

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Background Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures are incurred as insurers and employers shift some of the burden of health care costs onto consumers. As cost-sharing increases, OOP expenditures could be a barrier to physical therapy care. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify factors associated with any OOP physical therapy spending and (2) to identify factors associated with higher spending among individuals incurring OOP costs. Design The study was a retrospective analysis using the 4 most recently available panels of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) enco

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Lam, J., G. Evans, RM deSouza, M. Amarouche, J. Cheserem, and CM Tolias. "Out-of-programme experience in UK neurosurgery trainees: optimising the transition back into clinical practice." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 103, no. 2 (2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2021.43.

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INTRODUCTIONOut of programme (OOP) experience from training increases the skill pool of the neurosurgical workforce and drives innovation in the specialty. OOP approval criteria are well defined but transition back to clinical work can be challenging with a paucity of data published on trainee perspectives. Our study aimed to investigate factors influencing transition from OOP back to clinical work among neurosurgical trainees in the UK.METHODSAn online survey was sent to all members of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons. Questions pertained to details of OOP and factors influencing

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Yoon, Seungwon, Michael A. Mooney, Michael A. Bohl, et al. "Patient out-of-pocket spending in cranial neurosurgery: single-institution analysis of 6569 consecutive cases and literature review." Neurosurgical Focus 44, no. 5 (2018): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.focus17782.

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OBJECTIVEWith drastic changes to the health insurance market, patient cost sharing has significantly increased in recent years. However, the patient financial burden, or out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, for surgical procedures is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze patient OOP spending in cranial neurosurgery and identify drivers of OOP spending growth.METHODSFor 6569 consecutive patients who underwent cranial neurosurgery from 2013 to 2016 at the authors’ institution, the authors created univariate and multivariate mixed-effects models to investigate the effect of patient demog

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Cromwell, Linsey, Katherine Breznak, Megan Young, et al. "Reducing Osteopenia of Prematurity-related Fractures in a Level IV NICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative." Pediatric Quality & Safety 9, no. 2 (2024): e723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pq9.0000000000000723.

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Background: Osteopenia of prematurity (OOP) is often a silent disease in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Despite its association with increased neonatal morbidity, such as fractures, wide variation exists in screening, diagnostic, and management practices. We sought to decrease the rate of OOP-related fractures in our level IV NICU by 20% within 1 year. Methods: A multidisciplinary quality improvement team identified inconsistent screening, diagnosis, and management of OOP, as well as handling of at-risk patients, as primary drivers for OOP-related fractures. Using the model for impro

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Montazeripouragha, A., and AM Kaufmann. "P.099 Specialty centres for MVD surgery." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, s2 (2018): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.201.

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Background: The aim of this study is comparing the waiting time and patient’s satisfaction of microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery between local Manitoba (MB) and out of province (OOP) patients, treated at our Centre for Cranial Nerve Disorder (CCND). Methods: Data from 100 consecutive patients (average age: 56.8±10.6 years), undergoing MVD surgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) and Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) were reviewed. The outcome measures included the time intervals between disease onset, diagnosis and referral to CCND, postoperative discharge, satisfaction with surgical outcome and refe

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Henrietta Ukpe, Udeme, and Sani Mohamadou. "Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures and Agricultural Production Linkages." Health Economics and Management Review 5, no. 4 (2024): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.61093/hem.2024.4-10.

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Out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure is the amount a patient pays directly for healthcare when insurance doesn’t cover the full cost. OOP health expenditures represent a significant financial burden on households. In Cameroon where healthcare financing is heavily reliant on OOP payments, the economic impact of health-related expenses is especially pronounced, affecting various sectors, including agriculture, which is the backbone of the country’s economy. Examining the relationship between OOP health expenditures and agricultural production is essential. This study investigates the linkages

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Zuckerman, Ilene H., Naimish B. Pandya, Bruce C. Stuart, et al. "Out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenditure burden for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6075.

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6075 Background: Concern is increasing about the OOP burden faced by cancer patients (pts). Medicare beneficiaries have multiple comorbidities, have limited financial resources, and may face substantial cost sharing under traditional Medicare if they do not have generous supplemental coverage. We examined OOP spending and burden relative to income for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer, compared to a non-cancer comparison group. Methods: We used Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data (1997-2007). Newly diagnosed cancer pts were selected using ICD-9CM codes on claims after a 12 mos washout pe

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Leopold, Christine, Anita K. Wagner, Fang Zhang, et al. "Burden of out-of-pocket spending among high-deductible health plan members with metastatic breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1029.

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1029 Background: 50% of workers have high-deductible health plans (HDHP) that require major outofpocket (OOP) spending for cancerrelated care. The OOP burden among patients with advanced cancer in HDHPs is unknown. Our objective was to estimate OOP spending for women with metastatic breast cancer (mbc) stratified by health plan type. Methods: Our data source was administrative health insurance claims and enrollment data of members insured though a large national health plan. We included 7142 women age 25-64 with mbc who had at least 6 months enrollment before the diagnosis and at least 12 mont

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Borge, Richard. "Teaching OOP." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 36, no. 3 (2004): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1026487.1008084.

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Rodrigues, July Anne Rossi Michelin, Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha, Marli Terezinha Oliveira Vannuchi, and Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço Haddad. "Out-of-pocket payments in hospital bills: a challenge to management." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 5 (2018): 2511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0667.

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ABSTRACT Objetive: To analyse out-of-pocket payments (OOP) by health insurance company in hospital bills. Method: Cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. The information was obtained in the database of a health insurance company in the north of Paraná State and categorised into administrative and technical OOP. We analysed reports regarding OOP made in eight hospitals of the accredited network company, from 2013 to 2015. Results: The analysed data totalled 36 thousand items paid out-of-pocket. The highest OOP rates occurred in hospital 1 (67.6%); emergency room service (50.1%); time

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Çakır, Ufuk, and Cuneyt Tayman. "The effect of thyroid functions on osteopenia of prematurity in preterm infants." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 1 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0429.

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Abstract Background It is known that thyroid hormones have effects on bone development. In particular, the effect of thyroid hormones on osteopenia of prematurity (OOP) has not been examined in preterm infants. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between OOP and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in preterm infants. Methods Very low birth weight infants (VLBW, <1500 g) were included in the study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were measured on postnatal day 5. Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were studied as standard scre

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Arora, Rhythm, Nikhil Dugar, Vandit Saxena, et al. "PP66 Increasing Burden Of Out-Of-Pocket Healthcare Expense On Patients." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002162.

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IntroductionWe conducted an analysis of the key factors triggering cost-sharing mechanisms to understand the status of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expense in the United States (US), Europe, and emerging markets and better appreciate the implications of OOP healthcare expense on patients’ health management.MethodsA review of literature and databases including The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and World Bank was performed to understand different cost-sharing mechanisms, factors triggering OOP expenditure and the country-wise trends of OOP expenditure. Additiona

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Triaji, Bagas, Cucut Hariz Pratomo, and Bambang Purnomosidi DP. "PROGRAMMER'S PERSPECTIVE IN YOGYAKARTA ABOUT OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP) IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT USING CORRELATION ANALYSIS." SINTECH (Science and Information Technology) Journal 4, no. 1 (2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/sintechjournal.v4i1.632.

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Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi menghasilkan era digitalisasi. Permintaan pengembangan perangkat lunak dan insinyur perangkat lunak di berbagai sektor industri, bisnis, dan pendidikan sangat tinggi. Yogyakarta adalah kota pendidikan, dimana banyak perguruan tinggi dan universitas berdiri. Namun, calon programmer sering memiliki pemahaman yang kurang memadai tentang paradigma OOP dari perspektif praktisi industri IT. Oleh karena itu, survei berikut melibatkan praktisi programmer profesional dilakukan untuk menganalisis bagaimana mereka melihat Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) ketika mengembang

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Cui, Jian, Chin Long Lee, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Finite Element Modelling of Buckling Restrained Braces under Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loading." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.908.

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During earthquakes, buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are likely subjected to both in-plane (INP) and out-of-plane (OOP) loadings simultaneously, therefore, BRBs are required to act robustly under combined INP and OOP loading. It is believed that the OOP loading will reduce the energy dissipation ability of BRBs. The intent of this study is to numerically investigate the performance of BRBs under combined INP and OOP loading with a finite element model of BRB with circular cross-section. Restraining concrete within the BRB is modeled as connector elements in the model and is proven to be an ef

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Xu, Ge Ning, Jin Shuai Liu, and Jun Bing Yang. "Based on OOA Modeling of Gantry Crane CAD System." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1180.

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In order to explore the application of the object-oriented theory in the analysis phase of the gantry crane CAD system development, the OOA modeling method is used to establish the system model and the detailed process guide and engineering strategies of modeling activities are presented, eventually a OOA model of the system is established and a foundation is lay for the subsequent OOD and OOP of the system.

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Basumatary, Joel. "Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditure and Poverty Impact in a Fragile Indian State of Assam." Health Economics and Management Review 3, no. 4 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.4-03.

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Out-of-Pocket (OOP) expenditure on health care is one of the debilitating factors in pushing households into poverty. Households, especially the lower income groups and which do not have security measures like medical insurance, are the worst sufferers when faced with health shocks. Conventional methods of poverty estimation do not take into account health care consumption expenditure, which might understate the poverty headcount. In this study, poverty headcount and impoverishing effects of OOP health care expenditure have been analysed. The data have been collected from Chirang district of I

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Smith, Emily R., Pranav Kapoor, Tessa Concepcion, et al. "Does reducing out-of-pocket costs for children’s surgical care protect families from poverty in Somaliland? A cross-sectional, national, economic evaluation modelling study." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (2023): e069572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069572.

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ObjectivesAn estimated 1.7 billion children around the world do not have access to safe, affordable and timely surgical care, with the financing through out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses being one of the main barriers to care. Our study modelled the impact of reducing OOP costs related to surgical care for children in Somaliland on the risk of catastrophic expenditures and impoverishment.Design and settingThis cross-sectional nationwide economic evaluation modelled several different approaches to reduction of paediatric OOP surgical costs in Somaliland.Participants and outcome measuresA surgical re

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Ekholuenetale, Michael, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, and Amadou Barrow. "Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Health Insurance Coverage on Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure among Ghanaian Women: Implications for Health Financing Policy." Advances in Public Health 2024 (May 13, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8414003.

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Background. The cost of health financing is an age-long social challenge in resource-constrained settings. Out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending adversely affects maternal healthcare provisions and use, making health insurance one of the most effective social interventions. Objective. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of OOP health expenditure on socioeconomic factors and health insurance coverage among Ghanaian women. Materials and Methods. Secondary statistical data pulled out from Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS)—2014 was investigated. A sample of 9,396 women whos

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Dr., Dube H. V. "Exploring The Evolution of Object- Oriented Paradigms Across Programming Languages." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 22 (2025): 535–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15502298.

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<em>This study delves into the intricate evolutionary trajectory of object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigms across a diverse spectrum of programming languages, spanning from their conceptual inception to their contemporary implementations. The investigation meticulously scrutinizes pivotal OOP concepts such as classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism, tracing their multifaceted development and nuanced variations across seminal languages including Smalltalk, C++, Java, Python, and others of significant influence. Through a comprehensive analysis of language- specific i

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Onu, Fergus U., Ifeoma Catherine Oliver, Mamah Chukwurah Hyginus, Afolabi Idris Yinka, Nwodo John O, and Yunisa Sunday. "Demystifying The Object-Oriented Features Of Popular Object-Oriented Programming Languages." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 26, no. 5 (2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-2605012632.

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Background: Indeed, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) has emerged as one of the major fundamental paradigms in today’s world of software development as it contains principles that enhance modularity, reusability, and maintainability of software. This article explores deeper into some of the facets of OOP aspects as exhibited in some of the most frequently used programming languages ranging from Java, Python, C++, and C# with an intent of offering substantive information to aspects like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. The article synthesizes the ones focusing on the r

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Zainal Abidin, Zulhafiza, and Muhammad Asyraf Abdullah Zawawi. "OOP-AR: Learn Object Oriented Programming Using Augmented Reality." International Journal of Multimedia and Recent Innovation 2, no. 1 (2020): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijmari-0201.83.

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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is one of the challenging concept in computer science education especially for novice programmers. To help students understand this concept, this research try to blend OOP with Augmented Reality (AR). The reason because AR can give fun aspect to the learner, which can also help learner to focus longer without distraction. For this research purpose, the target audience is 20 university students with different ability in programming and augmented reality experience. The overall results of this research show that OOP-AR received positive feedback from users. It a

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Lu, Weiguang, Yali Qin, Shu Zhou, and Hongliang Ren. "The evolution of the out-of-phase dipole beams in the repulsive defect photonic moiré lattice with saturable self-focusing nonlinearity media." Laser Physics 33, no. 4 (2023): 045401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acc022.

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Abstract We demonstrate in a numerical manner the intriguing transmission of the out-of-phase (OOP) dipole beams in the repulsive defect photonic moiré lattice with rotation angle θ = arctan ( 3 / 4 ) and defect depth ε = − 0.5 under saturable self-focusing nonlinearity. Photonic moiré lattices, that are created by two mutually rotated square patterns with a relative rotation angle θ . We introduce a single-site repulsive defect in periodic photonic moiré lattices, and excite this site with the OOP dipole beams. We reveal that the OOP dipole beams undergoes two evolution stages during propagat

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Sitlinger, Andrea Phillips, Peter A. Ubel, Tian Zhang, et al. "Can oral chemotherapy parity laws reduce patients’ out-of-pocket (OOP) costs?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 30_suppl (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.97.

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97 Background: Insurance plans vary coverage for infusional (IV) vs oral drugs, leading some to suggest that patients on oral drugs pay more OOP than those on IV drugs. 43 states have passed laws requiring insurers to cover oral drugs equivalently to IV drugs. Yet, there is little evidence that these “parity laws” are effective. Our aim was to estimate impact of parity laws on OOP expenses for oral vs IV drugs. Methods: We sought to determine how quickly patients on oral vs IV drugs reach their plan’s annual OOP maximum (max) as a surrogate for OOP expense. We used 2017 data from Healthcare.go

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Almalki, Ziyad S., Abdullah K. Alahmari, Nasser Alqahtani, et al. "Households’ Direct Economic Burden Associated with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159736.

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Households’ economic burden associated with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a deterrent to healthcare access, adversely impacting patients’ health. Therefore, we investigated the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending among individuals diagnosed with chronic NCDs among household members in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among households in Riyadh Province from the beginning of January 2021 to the end of June 2021. The respondents were asked to record OOP spending throughout the past three months in their health. A generalized linear regression model wa

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Baharin, Mohamed Fakhri Abu, Muhamad Hanafiah Juni, and Rosliza Abdul Manaf. "Equity in Out-of-Pocket Payments for Healthcare Services: Evidence from Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (2022): 4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084500.

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Background: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are an inequitable mechanism for health financing as their high share of total health expenditures poses a risk of catastrophic healthcare expenditures. This study aimed to assess the distribution and progressivity of OOP payments made by Malaysian households for various group of healthcare services. Methods: This study utilized data from the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey (HES) between 2014 and 2015, which involved 14,473 households. Distribution and progressivity of OOP payments were measured through their proportion of household consumption,

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Widayani, Hapsari, and Burhanudin Burhanudin. "Pemanfaatan teknologi sudah dilakukan di banyak bidang kehidupan seperti sudah banyaknya aplikasi baik berbasis website ataupun android yang menjadi sahabat bagi semua lapisan masyarakat. Sebagian besar masyarakat hanya dapat menggunakan teknologi tersebu." Jurnal Abdimas Musi Charitas 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32524/jamc.v5i1.256.

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Pemanfaatan teknologi sudah dilakukan di banyak bidang kehidupan seperti sudah banyaknya aplikasi baik berbasis website ataupun android yang menjadi sahabat bagi semua lapisan masyarakat. Sebagian besar masyarakat hanya dapat menggunakan teknologi tersebut dan Sebagian kecil lainnya bukan hanya dapat menggunakan tetapi juga dapat membuat teknologi tersebut dengan bantuan suatu tools pemrograman. Pemrograman sendiri dapat dibuat dengan konsep native ataupun konsep OOP (Object Oriented Programming). Banyak programmer dapat membuat program dengan konsep native tetapi tidak banyak programmer yang

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Mazza, Fabio, and Angelo Donnici. "In-plane and out-of-plane seismic damage of masonry infills in existing r.c. structures: the case study of De Gasperi-Battaglia school in Norcia." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 1 (2020): 345–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00981-2.

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AbstractA significant correlation between the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) damage propagation of masonry infills (MIs) is frequently observed after strong earthquakes, posing a serious problem as regards vulnerability of public buildings such as schools. The present work is aimed at identifying the effects of different IP and OOP modelling assumptions of MIs on their seismic damage. To this end, the state secondary school De Gasperi-Battaglia in Norcia (Italy), object of monitoring by the Department of Civil Protection since 2000, is investigated for the heterogeneity of infill typolog

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Smith, Emily R., Pamela Espinoza, Madeline Metcalf, et al. "Modeling the global impact of reducing out-of-pocket costs for children’s surgical care." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (2024): e0002872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002872.

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Over 1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with substantial risks of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and impoverishment. Increasing interest in reducing out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures as a tool to reduce the rate of poverty is growing. However, the impact of reducing OOP expenditures on CHE remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global impact of reducing OOP expenditures for pediatric surgical care on the risk of CHE within and between countries. Our goal was to estimate the impact of re

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Khan, Jinat Jahan, Farzana Sehrin, Zahidul Quayyum, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, and Mohammad Shafiqur Rahman. "Factors affecting out-of-pocket expenditures for chronic and acute illnesses in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 20, no. 4 (2025): e0320429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320429.

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Background In the absence of universal healthcare protection, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures are the main source of healthcare financing in Bangladesh. This study assesses the disparities in the overall and the components of OOP expenditures among households with both chronic and acute illnesses compared to those having acute illnesses only. It also identifies factors influencing OOP expenditures over time and examines patterns related to various illness conditions. Materials and methods Data from the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys (HIES) of 2016–17 and 2022 were used. A Log-linear

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Puplampu, Bill Buenar, and Chris Lewis. "Geopolitical diversity in Occupational and Organisational Psychology: shaking off historical comforts and confronting real-world challenges." Journal of the British Academy 9s1 (2021): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s1.257.

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This article explores the limited and myopic theoretical and research resource base of Occupational and Organisational Psychology (OOP), a field which is a major contributor to global management thinking and practice. As a field, OOP has tackled many work-related human challenges. Considerable progress in both theory and practice in nearly 120 years of active engagement with society has led to theories of work, motivation, selection, performance, organisational behaviour, and development. Much of OOP work now informs and interfaces various Human Resource and general management initiatives. The

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Dashti, Farhad, Rajesh Dhakal, and Stefano Pampanin. "Design recommendations to prevent global out-of-plane instability of rectangular reinforced concrete ductile walls." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 54, no. 3 (2021): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.54.3.211-227.

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Observations of out-of-plane (OOP) instability in the 2010 Chile earthquake and in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake resulted in concerns about the current design provisions of structural walls. This mode of failure was previously observed in the experimental response of some wall specimens subjected to in-plane loading. Therefore, the postulations proposed for prediction of the limit states corresponding to OOP instability of rectangular walls are generally based on stability analysis under in-plane loading only. These approaches address stability of a cracked wall section when subjected to co

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Del Pozo-Rubio, Raúl, Isabel Pardo-García, and Francisco Escribano-Sotos. "Financial Catastrophism Inherent with Out-of-Pocket Payments in Long Term Care for Households: A Latent Impoverishment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010295.

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Background: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are configured as an important source of financing long-term care (LTC). However, very few studies have analyzed the risk of impoverishment and catastrophic effects of OOP in LTC. To estimate the contribution of users to the financing of LTC and to analyze the economic consequences for households in terms of impoverishment and catastrophism after financial crisis in Spain. Methods: The database that was used is the 2008 Spanish Disability and Dependency Survey, projected to 2012. We analyze the OOP payments effect associated to the impoverishment of hou

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McFarlane, Michael, Neeraj Bhala, Louise China, et al. "Attitudes to out-of-programme experiences, research and academic training of gastroenterology trainees between 2007 and 2016." Frontline Gastroenterology 10, no. 1 (2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2018-100993.

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ObjectiveAcademic medical training was overhauled in 2005 after the Walport report and Modernising Medical Careers to create a more attractive and transparent training pathway. In 2007 and 2016, national web-based surveys of gastroenterology trainees were undertaken to determine experiences, perceptions of and perceived barriers to out-of-programme research experience (OOP-R).Design, setting and patientsProspective, national web-based surveys of UK gastroenterology trainees in 2007 and 2016.Main outcome measureAttitudes to OOP-R of two cohorts of gastroenterology trainees.ResultsResponse rates

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Zhao, Zhong Hua, Meng Zhang, and Xi Cheng Wei. "The Corpuscular Method Application in OOP Child Constraint System Research and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.970.

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One brief introduction of side OOP and TWG test are given. Comparison application of the airbag deployment simulation in LS-DYNA between Control Volume Method(CV), Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Method(ALE) and Corpuscular Method(CPM) are descripted. CPM theory could describe the gas flow that is necessary for OOP(out of position) research. Three kinds of TWG tests were conducted and acceptable Hybrid Ⅲ 3YO dummy injury repeatability was achieved. The simulation used in side OOP simulation get good correlation results. Influences of many parameters in side OOP constraint system could be studied

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Vazquez-Colunga, Saul Y., Chin Long Lee, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Effects of Out-of-Plane Displacements on Load Capacity of Gusset Plates in Buckling Restrained Braced Frames." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.892.

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This study sets out to investigate the effect of out-of-plane (OOP) displacements on the monotonic load capacity of gusset plates (GPs) via numerical analyses using finite element methods. Two models were used: a) models with in-plane (INP) actions only; and b) models with both INP and OOP actions. The numerical results show that the load capacity of GPs is reduced with the presence of OOP displacements. For an OOP drift of 2.5%, the reduced capacity ranges from 95% to 80% with an average of 88% of the load capacity when only INP actions were applied.

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Wijaya, Andreas, and Wahyu Sulistiadi. "LITERATURE REVIEW : REASONS FOR PATIENTS TO PAY WITH OUT-OF-POCKET PAYMENT FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES IN ASIA." Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai 5, no. 4 (2024): 11213–21. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i4.36185.

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Pembayaran out-of-pocket (OOP) dalam pelayanan kesehatan adalah pembayaran langsung yang dilakukan oleh individu kepada penyedia layanan kesehatan pada saat penggunaan layanan. Berdasarkan data World Bank, sejak tahun 2017 hingga 2021 proporsi belanja OOP terhadap belanja kesehatan secara global mengalami penurunan hampir 1%, dari 18,03% menjadi 17,05%. Di Asia, penurunan belanja OOP sejak tahun 2017 hingga 2021 lebih besar, yaitu turun sebesar 4,5% (38,48% menjadi 33,99%) dibandingkan periode yang sama. Sebagian besar negara saat ini memiliki Layanan Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional (NHIS) sendiri

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Kovalenko, Bogdan, Volodymyr Lukin, Sergii Kryvenko, Victoriia Naumenko, and Benoit Vozel. "Prediction of Parameters in Optimal Operation Point for BPG-based Lossy Compression of Noisy Images." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing 9, no. 2 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2022.9.2.212.

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Lossy compression of images corrupted by noise has several peculiarities. First, a specific noise filtering effect is observed. Second, optimal operation point (OOP) can be observed, i.e. such coder parameter (e.g., quantization step) value can exist that quality of compressed image calculated with respect to noise-free image can be better compared to quality of uncompressed (original noisy) image. If OOP exists, it is worth compressing a given image in OOP, if no, other recommendations on coder parameter setting are reasonable. Since noise-free image is not available in practice, it is not po

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P.E., Nzerue-Kenneth, Onu F.U., Denis A.U., Igwe J.S., and Ogbu N.H. "Detailed Study of the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Features in Python." British Journal of Computer, Networking and Information Technology 6, no. 1 (2023): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjcnit-facsojao.

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Human beings are naturally classified; OOP is closely aligned to how human brains work. The Mathematical functional approach is a more rigorous way to capture an idea; it is more difficult to transpose and the code is not easily readable. To overcome the limitations of procedural, structural, and functional programming, OOP was developed. Because of its versatility, it supports various programming styles which include maintenance, addition and overriding; however, modification of existing code is made easier. OOP programs prevent you from repeating code, making developers choose OOP in their p

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Bobrow, Daniel, Carl Hewitt, Jean-Francois Perror, Reid Smith, and Howard Shrobe. "OOP and AI." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 26, no. 11 (1991): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/118014.117981.

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Carter, Jeffrey R. "OOP vs. readability." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters XVII, no. 2 (1997): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/249100.249114.

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Berman, A. Michael. "On beyond OOP." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 31, no. 4 (1996): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/249118.249119.

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Wong, Ka-Wing. "Knowledge-based OOP." ACM SIGICE Bulletin 22, no. 1 (1996): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/236389.236392.

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Kircher, Sheetal Mehta, Michael Johansen, and Matthew M. Davis. "Impact of Medicare Part D on out-of-pocket drug costs and utilization for patients with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (2013): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.275.

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275 Background: Medicare Part D was designed to reduce out of pocket (OOP) costs for Medicare beneficiaries, but the extent to which this occurred for patients with cancer has not been measured. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of Part D eligibility on OOP cost for prescription drugs and utilization for cancer patients. Methods: Differences-in-differences analyses were used to estimate the effects of Medicare Part D eligibility on OOP drug costs, by comparing 4 year periods before and after Part D implementation. Analyses were based on data from the publicly available Medical Ex

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Arena, E., G. Ballistreri, and B. Fallico. "Effect of postharvest storage temperatures on the quality parameters of pistachio nuts." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 5 (2013): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2013-cjfs.

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Pistachios from Italy and Turkey were stored at different temperatures (10, 20, and 30&deg;C) and the moisture of the pistachios, the free fatty acids (FFA) content, the peroxide value, and triacylglycerols (TGs) composition of the extracted oils were evaluated. The content of FFA decreased during storage at 10&deg;C and increased at 20 and 30&deg;C. No differences between the peroxide values were found during storage at 10&deg;C. A significant increase in the peroxide values was observed after 20 days at 20&deg;C and 5 days at 30&deg;C in both the Italian and Turkish s

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Nipp, Ryan David, Anne C. Kirchhoff, Douglas Beaty Fair, et al. "Financial burden among survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.233.

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233 Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment can be associated with crippling financial burden, but whether this extends long-term into survivorship is unknown. We sought to examine survivors’ out-of-pocket (OOP) medical costs and their effects. Methods: From May 2011-April 2012, we surveyed a randomly selected sample of cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study to assess survivors’ 1) financial distress, 2) monetary insecurity and 3) cost-motivated health behavior in the past year. We estimated the proportion of survivors with high OOP costs (≥10% of their annual household i

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Stepura, I. V. "ON APPLICATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH: INTERIM RESULTS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Psychology, no. 4 (2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2410-6364.2017.4.44-51.

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The article examines the main areas of application of the object-oriented approach (OOP) in psychology and pedagogy. OOP is a further development of the frame theory, widely used in cognitive psychology to represent its models. OOP is historically closely associated with the methods of computer science, but is now used separately as a method of didactics, as well as for the analysis of complex systems.

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Bhella, Sita D., Katrina Hueniken, Osamah Jamal S. Jarallah, et al. "Delays from Progression to Initial Appointment Occur with External Referrals for CAR T-Cell Therapy but Do Not Impact Survival." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 7581. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-211007.

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Background Princess Margaret (PM) is the referral centre for antiCD19 CAR T-cell therapy (CART) for a large regional, provincial and national population. We sought to determine if patients referred from out of province (OOP) or from centres in province but external to our centre (EIP) experienced delays in treatment, inferior survival or increased toxicity compared to local populations (LIP). Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective review of consecutive patients with RR-LBCL referred for CART at PM from April 2020-November 2023 for ³ 3rd line therapy. Outcomes included progression-free

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Larkin, James, Brendan Walsh, Frank Moriarty, Barbara Clyne, Patricia Harrington, and Susan M. Smith. "What is the impact of multimorbidity on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland? A cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (2022): e060502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060502.

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ObjectivesIndividuals with multimorbidity use more health services and take more medicines. This can lead to high out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the association between multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions) and OOP healthcare expenditure in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years or over.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2016 from wave 4 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.SettingIreland.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over.MethodA generalised linear model with log-l

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