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Journal articles on the topic 'OPAHs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Jo, Jungmin, Ji-Yi Lee, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Atsushi Matsuki, Amgalan Natsagdorj, and Yun-Gyong Ahn. "Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020775.

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The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere has been continually monitored since their toxicity became known, whereas nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and oxy-PAHs (OPAHs), which are derivatives of PAHs by primary emissions or secondary formations in the atmosphere, have gained attention more recently. In this study, a method for the quantification of 18 NPAH and OPAH congeners in the atmosphere based on combined applications of gas chromatography coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A high sensitivity and selectivity for the quantification of i

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2

Teng, Chong, Shimin Wu, Yaqing Sun, and Guangyi Gong. "Determination of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Waste Cooking Oil and Oil Deodorizer Distillate by GC–QQQ–MS." Journal of AOAC International 102, no. 6 (2019): 1884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0085.

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Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) are classes of contaminants that are present in the environment and food. They pose a great threat to human health because of their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Very few studies have focused on their concentration in waste cooking oil (WCO) and oil deodorizer distillate (ODD). Objective: This study aimed (1) to design a reliable method to determine 16 PAHs and 4 OPAHs in both WCO and ODD and (2) to determine and analyze PAH and OPAH concentrations in actual samples to provide references for further research. M

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3

Teng, Chong, Shimin Wu, Yaqing Sun, and Guangyi Gong. "Determination of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Waste Cooking Oil and Oil Deodorizer Distillate by GC–QQQ–MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 6 (2019): 1884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1884.

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Abstract Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) are classes of contaminants that are present in the environment and food. They pose a great threat to human health because of their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Very few studies have focused on their concentration in waste cooking oil (WCO) and oil deodorizer distillate (ODD). Objective: This study aimed (1) to design a reliable method to determine 16 PAHs and 4 OPAHs in both WCO and ODD and (2) to determine and analyze PAH and OPAH concentrations in actual samples to provide references for further re

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4

Sonego, Elisa, Bina Bhattarai, and Lene Duedahl-Olesen. "Detection of Nitrated, Oxygenated and Hydrogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Smoked Fish and Meat Products." Foods 11, no. 16 (2022): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162446.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in smoked food products. More toxic nitrated (NPAH) and oxygenated (OPAH) PAHs derivatives are found concomitantly to PAHs and are therefore believed to be found in smoked food products. However, only a few PAH analyses on food include these derivatives. We adjusted and successfully validated a GC-QTOFMS method including 13 NPAHs and 2 OPAHs as well as the 4 regulated PAHs for analysis of 14 smoked (13 fish and one bacon) and one pan fried fish samples.OPAHs were detected in the highest concentrations in 13 of 15 samples. Non-target screening

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5

Ringuet, J., E. Leoz-Garziandia, H. Budzinski, E. Villenave, and A. Albinet. "Particle size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) on traffic and suburban sites of a European megacity: Paris (France)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 6 (2012): 14169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-14169-2012.

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Abstract. The size distribution of particulate nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) was determined during two field campaigns at a traffic site in summer 2010 and at a suburban site during the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) experiment in summer 2009. Both, OPAHs and NPAHs were strongly associated (>85%) to fines particles (Dp < 2.5 μm) increasing the interest of their study on a sanitary point of view. Results showed really diff

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6

Ringuet, J., E. Leoz-Garziandia, H. Budzinski, E. Villenave, and A. Albinet. "Particle size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) on traffic and suburban sites of a European megacity: Paris (France)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 18 (2012): 8877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8877-2012.

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Abstract. The size distribution of particulate nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) was determined during two field campaigns at a traffic site in summer 2010 and at a suburban site during the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) experiment in summer 2009. Both, OPAHs and NPAHs were strongly associated (>85%) to fine particles (Dp< 2.5 μm) increasing the interest of their study on a sanitary point of view. Results showed really differ

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7

Kukuev, E. I. "Juvenile Individuals of Opahs (Lampridae) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Notes on the Systematics and Distribution of Opahs, Including the Description of a New Subgenus, Paralampris subgen. nov." Journal of Ichthyology 61, no. 2 (2021): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945221020089.

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Abstract Juvenile specimens of opahs (Lampridae) from the Southwest Atlantic, southeastern Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Guinea are described. A taxonomic review of the composition of the family Lampridae is carried out, taking into account the recent revision of opah species of the genus Lampris and our own data. A new subgenus, Paralampris subgen. nov., has been identified.

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8

Elzein, Atallah, Rachel E. Dunmore, Martyn W. Ward, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, and Alastair C. Lewis. "Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 13 (2019): 8741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8741-2019.

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Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h nig

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9

Shahpoury, Pourya, Zoran Kitanovski, and Gerhard Lammel. "Snow scavenging and phase partitioning of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted and remote environments in central Europe and the European Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 18 (2018): 13495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13495-2018.

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Abstract. Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N/OPAHs) are emitted in combustion processes and formed in polluted air. Their environmental cycling through wet deposition has hardly been studied. Fresh snow samples at urban and rural sites in central Europe, as well as surface snow from a remote site in Svalbard, were analysed for 17 NPAHs, 8 OPAHs, and 11 nitrated mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs), of which most N/OPAHs as well as nitrocatechols, nitrosalicylic acids, and 4-nitroguaiacol are studied for the first time in precipitation. In order to better understand the s

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10

Niu, Yue, Ling Zhou, Huiqi Wang, et al. "Enhancing the Water Solubility of 9-Fluorenone Using Cyclodextrin Inclusions: A Green Approach for the Environmental Remediation of OPAHs." Crystals 13, no. 5 (2023): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050775.

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Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are toxic and carcinogenic compounds widely present in the natural environment, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. However, the removal of OPAHs is mainly hindered by their low water solubility. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are frequently used to form inclusion complexes (ICs) with hydrophobic molecules to improve their solubility. In this study, we investigated the solubility enhancement ability of different CDs on 9-fluorenone, a common OPAH, through phase solubility experiments. We successfully prepared three solid ICs of

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11

Jia, Yaning, Weixia Li, Yanlin Li, et al. "The Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Plasma and Their Effect on Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in the Oilfield Workers." Toxics 11, no. 5 (2023): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050466.

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This study focuses on the components and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (MPAHs and OPAHs) in plasma samples from 19 oil workers, pre- and post-workshift, and their exposure–response relationship with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation. PAH, MPAH, OPAH, and platelet mtDNA methylation levels were determined using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a pyrosequencing protocol, respectively. The total plasma concentrations of PAHs in mean value were, respectively, 31.4 ng/mL and 48.6 ng/mL in pre- and post-workshift, and Phe was the most abu

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12

Wietzoreck, Marco, Marios Kyprianou, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, et al. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and Middle East seas." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 13 (2022): 8739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022.

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Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated (RPAHs), nitrated (NPAHs) and oxygenated (OPAHs) derivatives are air pollutants. Many of these substances are long-lived, can undergo long-range atmospheric transport and adversely affect human health upon exposure. However, the occurrence and fate of these air pollutants have hardly been studied in the marine atmosphere. In this study, we report the atmospheric concentrations over the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Gulf, determined during the AQABA (Air Quality and Climate

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13

Kitanovski, Zoran, Pourya Shahpoury, Constantini Samara, Aristeidis Voliotis, and Gerhard Lammel. "Composition and mass size distribution of nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in ambient particulate matter from southern and central Europe – implications for the origin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (2020): 2471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2471-2020.

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Abstract. Nitro-monoaromatic hydrocarbons (NMAHs), such as nitrocatechols, nitrophenols and nitrosalicylic acids, are important constituents of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and humic-like substances (HULIS). Nitrated and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs and OPAHs) are toxic and ubiquitous in the ambient air; due to their light absorption properties, together with NMAHs, they are part of aerosol brown carbon (BrC). We investigated the winter concentrations of these substance classes in size-resolved PM from two urban si

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14

Lim, Hwanmi, Sanna Silvergren, Silvia Spinicci, et al. "Contribution of wood burning to exposures of PAHs and oxy-PAHs in Eastern Sweden." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 17 (2022): 11359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11359-2022.

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Abstract. A growing trend in developed countries is the use of wood as fuel for domestic heating due to measures taken to reduce the usage of fossil fuels. However, this imposed another issue with the environment and human health. That is, the emission from wood burning contributed to the increased level of atmospheric particulates and the wood smoke caused various respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of wood burning on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air PM10 using known wood burning tracers, i.e. levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan from t

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15

Cao, Wei, Jing Yuan, Shuying Geng, Jing Zou, Junfeng Dou, and Fuqiang Fan. "Oxygenated and Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources, Quantification, Incidence, Toxicity, and Fate in Soil—A Review Study." Processes 11, no. 1 (2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010052.

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The genotoxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives may exceed the parent PAHs. However, their influence on the soil environment has not been explored to a large extent. Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are typical polar substituted compounds. We offer a review of the literature on the sources, quantification, incidence, toxicity, and transport of these compounds in soil. Although their environmental concentrations are lower than those of their parent compounds, the

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16

Hayakawa, Kazuichi. "Recent Research Progress on Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Outdoor and Indoor Environments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111259.

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Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are derivatives of PAHs and contain one or more nitro functional groups (-NO2). Some NPAHs are classified as possible or probable human carcinogens and are more mutagenic than PAHs. Although the atmospheric cancer risk is estimated as 11% from PAHs but 17% from NPAHs, many of the atmospheric behaviors of NPAHs are unknown. There are two major NPAH formation processes. Primary formation of NPAHs occurs directly during the combustion of organic materials. The secondary formation of NPAHs occurs through the transformation of PAHs after they have been

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17

Tidwell, Lane G., L. Blair Paulik, and Kim A. Anderson. "Air-water exchange of PAHs and OPAHs at a superfund mega-site." Science of The Total Environment 603-604 (December 2017): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.185.

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18

Huang, Wei, Bo Huang, Xinhui Bi, et al. "Emission of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs from residential honeycomb coal briquette combustion." Energy & Fuels 28, no. 1 (2014): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef401901d.

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19

Kukuev, E. I. "Erratum to: Juvenile Individuals of Opahs (Lampridae) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Notes on the Systematics and Distribution of Opahs, Including the Description of a New Subgenus, Paralampris subgen. nov." Journal of Ichthyology 61, no. 4 (2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945221440016.

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20

Jariyasopit, Narumol, Yifeng Zhang, Jonathan W. Martin, and Tom Harner. "Comparison of polycyclic aromatic compounds in air measured by conventional passive air samplers and passive dry deposition samplers and contributions from petcoke and oil sands ore." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 12 (2018): 9161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9161-2018.

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Abstract. Conventional passive air samplers (PAS) and passive dry deposition samplers (PAS-DD) were deployed along a 90 km south–north transect at five sites in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) during October to November 2015. The purpose was to compare and characterize the performance of the two passive sampling methods for targeted compounds across a range of site types. Samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). ΣPAC and ΣNPAH concentrations were highest in PAS and PAS-DD samplers at si

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21

Zhang, Bin, Zezhi Peng, Jing Lv, et al. "Gas Particle Partitioning of PAHs Emissions from Typical Solid Fuel Combustions as Well as Their Health Risk Assessment in Rural Guanzhong Plain, China." Toxics 11, no. 1 (2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010080.

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Air pollutants from the incomplete combustion of rural solid fuels are seriously harmful to both air quality and human health. To quantify the health effects of different fuel–stove combinations, gas and particle partitioning of twenty-nine species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from seven fuel–stove combinations were examined in this study, and the benzo (a) pyrene toxicity equivalent (BaPeq) and cancer risks were estimated accordingly. The results showed that the gas phase PAHs (accounting for 68–78% of the total PAHs) had higher emission factors (EFs) than particulate on

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22

O’Connell, Steven G., Theodore Haigh, Glenn Wilson, and Kim A. Anderson. "An analytical investigation of 24 oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) using liquid and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 27 (2013): 8885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7319-x.

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23

Xiao, Lingfeng, Song Hu, Hengda Han, et al. "An insight into the OPAHs and SPAHs formation mechanisms during alkaline lignin pyrolysis at different temperatures." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 156 (June 2021): 105104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105104.

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24

Wang, Wentao, Narumol Jariyasopit, Jill Schrlau, et al. "Concentration and Photochemistry of PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs and Toxicity of PM2.5during the Beijing Olympic Games." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 16 (2011): 6887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es201443z.

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25

Chen, Weisong, Weixuan Xian, Guiying He, et al. "Occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of PAHs and OPAHs in urban agricultural soils from Guangzhou City, China." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 254 (April 2023): 114767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114767.

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26

Wilcke, Wolfgang, Mario Kiesewetter, and Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe. "Microbial formation and degradation of oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in soil during short-term incubation." Environmental Pollution 184 (January 2014): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.020.

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27

Kayanuma, Megumi, Shunsuke Suzuki, Yoong-Kee Choe, and Yukihiro Shimoi. "Structure dependency of the reactivity of aromatic hydrocarbons involving the formation of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs)." Chemical Physics Letters 754 (September 2020): 137652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137652.

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28

Xiao, Lingfeng, Song Hu, Long Jiang, Sheng Su, Yi Wang, and Jun Xiang. "The OPAHs from hemicellulose pyrolysis tar at different temperature characterization via GC-MS and ESI FT-ICR MS." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 657 (February 20, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/657/1/012028.

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29

Ringuet, Johany, Alexandre Albinet, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, Hélène Budzinski, and Eric Villenave. "Reactivity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs) adsorbed on natural aerosol particles exposed to atmospheric oxidants." Atmospheric Environment 61 (December 2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.025.

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30

Musa Bandowe, Benjamin A., Nosir Shukurov, Michael Kersten, and Wolfgang Wilcke. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygen-containing derivatives (OPAHs) in soils from the Angren industrial area, Uzbekistan." Environmental Pollution 158, no. 9 (2010): 2888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.012.

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31

Lan, Jianqiang, and Shimin Wu. "Occurrence, Concentration and Toxicity of 54 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Butter during Storage." Foods 12, no. 24 (2023): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12244393.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of highly carcinogenic compounds with a lipophilic nature. This study investigated the characterization of PAH24 contamination in twenty-one types of butter and five types of margarines using the QuEChERS pretreatment coupled with GC-QqQ-MS. Additionally, low-temperature storage experiments were conducted to explore the variations in oxidation index as well as the PAH levels. The results revealed that PAH24 concentrations in butter and margarine were 50.75–310.64 μg/kg and 47.66–118.62 μg/kg, respectively. The PAH4 level in one type of butter

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32

Musa Bandowe, Benjamin A., Jaroslava Sobocka, and Wolfgang Wilcke. "Oxygen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in urban soils of Bratislava, Slovakia: Patterns, relation to PAHs and vertical distribution." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 2 (2011): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.011.

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33

Zhang, Junmei, Lingxiao Yang, Abdelwahid Mellouki, et al. "Diurnal concentrations, sources, and cancer risk assessments of PM2.5-bound PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs in urban, marine and mountain environments." Chemosphere 209 (October 2018): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.054.

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34

Zhang, Junmei, Lingxiao Yang, Abdelwahid Mellouki, et al. "Atmospheric PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs at an urban, mountainous, and marine sites in Northern China: Molecular composition, sources, and ageing." Atmospheric Environment 173 (January 2018): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.002.

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35

Shin, Sun Min, Ji Yi Lee, Hye Jung Shin, and Yong Pyo Kim. "Seasonal variation and source apportionment of Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea." Atmospheric Environment 272 (March 2022): 118937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118937.

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36

Huang, Bo, Ming Liu, Xinhui Bi, et al. "Phase distribution, sources and risk assessment of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs in a rural site of Pearl River Delta region, China." Atmospheric Pollution Research 5, no. 2 (2014): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2014.026.

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37

Jiang, Pan, Lingxiao Yang, Xiangfeng Chen, et al. "Impact of Dust Storms on NPAHs and OPAHs in PM2.5 in Jinan, China, in Spring 2016: Concentrations, Health Risks, and Sources." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 18, no. 2 (2018): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.08.0274.

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38

Obrist, Daniel, Barbara Zielinska, and Judith A. Perlinger. "Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) in organic and mineral soil horizons from four U.S. remote forests." Chemosphere 134 (September 2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.087.

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39

Zhang, Limin, Wei Li, and Shimin Wu. "Rapid Determination of Oxygenated and Parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Milk Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Foods 11, no. 24 (2022): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11243980.

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Liquid milks are consumed worldwide in large amounts, especially by adolescents and infants. Thus, their health quality linked with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination has attracted great concern. This study developed a rapid and sensitive supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)-MS method to determine two typical oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and EU 15+1PAHs except for benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in three types of liquid milks: 10 ultra heat treated (UHT) milks, 8 pasteurized milks, and 4 extended-shelf-life pasteurized milks. The instrumental analysis was 15 min with a recovery of 6

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40

Li, Yanyan, Lingxiao Yang, Xiangfeng Chen, et al. "Indoor/outdoor relationships, sources and cancer risk assessment of NPAHs and OPAHs in PM2.5 at urban and suburban hotels in Jinan, China." Atmospheric Environment 182 (June 2018): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.058.

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41

Degrendele, Céline, Tjaša Kanduč, David Kocman, et al. "NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning." Science of The Total Environment 793 (November 2021): 148528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148528.

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42

Arnoldsson, Kristina, Roger Magnusson, Lars Hägglund, Christian Lejon, and Håkan Wingfors. "Initial evaluation of an axial passive sampler for PAHs and OPAHs using substrates with and without gas sampling capacity and varying diffusion distances." Atmospheric Pollution Research 6, no. 4 (2015): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2015.076.

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43

Ringuet, Johany, Alexandre Albinet, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, Hélène Budzinski, and Eric Villenave. "Diurnal/nocturnal concentrations and sources of particulate-bound PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs at traffic and suburban sites in the region of Paris (France)." Science of The Total Environment 437 (October 2012): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.072.

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44

Kamiya, Yuta, Takayuki Kameda, Takeshi Ohura, and Susumu Tohno. "Determination of Particle-Associated PAH Derivatives (ClPAHs, NPAHs, OPAHs) in Ambient Air and Automobile Exhaust by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Negative Chemical Ionization." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 37, no. 2-3 (2016): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2016.1202290.

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Wei, Lijia, Jingya Lv, Peijie Zuo, et al. "The occurrence and sources of PAHs, oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in soil and vegetation from the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau." Science of The Total Environment 912 (February 2024): 169394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169394.

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Guo, Liqiong, Ziquan Liu, Penghui Li, et al. "Association between mitochondrial DNA methylation and internal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs) and oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) in young adults from Tianjin, China." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 241 (August 2022): 113799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113799.

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Li, Jingshu, Lingxiao Yang, Ying Gao, et al. "Seasonal variations of NPAHs and OPAHs in PM2.5 at heavily polluted urban and suburban sites in North China: Concentrations, molecular compositions, cancer risk assessments and sources." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 178 (August 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.009.

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Xiao, Lingfeng, Song Hu, Yao Song, et al. "The formation mechanism for OPAHs during the cellulose thermal conversion in inert atmosphere at different temperatures based on ESI(−) FT-ICR MS measurement and density functional theory (DFT)." Fuel 239 (March 2019): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.113.

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Li, Jianjun, Qi Zhang, Gehui Wang, et al. "Optical properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon (BrC) aerosols in northwest China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 4889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4889-2020.

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Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) contributes significantly to aerosol light absorption and thus can affect the Earth's radiation balance and atmospheric photochemical processes. In this study, we examined the light absorption properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble (WS-BrC) and water-insoluble (WI-BrC) BrC in PM2.5 collected from a rural site in the Guanzhong Basin – a highly polluted region in northwest China. Both WS-BrC and WI-BrC showed elevated light absorption coefficients (Abs) in winter (4–7 times those in summer) mainly attributed to enhanced emissions from residential biom

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Chen, T., R. J. Belland, J. Wilson, and J. Swanson. "Adherence of pilus- Opa+ gonococci to epithelial cells in vitro involves heparan sulfate." Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, no. 2 (1995): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.2.511.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches to host epithelial cells via pili and opacity-associated (Opa) outer membrane proteins. Pilus- gonococci (Gc) of strain MS11 adhere to both human and nonhuman cells, but only when particular Opa proteins are expressed; OpaA+ variants adhere best, OpaC+ variants are next best, and the seven other Opa+ variants adhere poorly or not at all. The adherence of OpaA+ Gc to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is inhibited by heparin or heparan sulfate (HS), but not by chondroitin sulfate. OpaA+ Gc do not adhere to CHO cells devoid of HS proteoglycans; low concentrations of

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