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Journal articles on the topic 'Opaque orthography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Zeguers, M. H. T., P. Snellings, H. M. Huizenga, and M. W. van der Molen. "Time course analyses of orthographic and phonological priming effects during word recognition in a transparent orthography." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 10 (October 2014): 1925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2013.879192.

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In opaque orthographies, the activation of orthographic and phonological codes follows distinct time courses during visual word recognition. However, it is unclear how orthography and phonology are accessed in more transparent orthographies. Therefore, we conducted time course analyses of masked priming effects in the transparent Dutch orthography. The first study used targets with small phonological differences between phonological and orthographic primes, which are typical in transparent orthographies. Results showed consistent orthographic priming effects, yet phonological priming effects w

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Haisma, Joyce. "Dyslexic Subtypes and Literacy Skills in L2 Opaque English." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 81 (January 1, 2009): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.81.07hai.

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In theory, opaque orthographies should pose more difficulties for people with developmental dyslexia than transparent ones. (Frost, 2005). However, studies (Miller-Guron & Lundberg, 2000; Van der Leij & Morfidi, 2006) show that some people with dyslexia are better at reading L2 English than their L1 transparent orthography. The current study suggests that they have a form of dyslexia known as phonological dyslexia. On the basis of the dual-route model (Coltheart, 2005), it is proposed that membership of a dyslexic subtype - phonological or surface - influences success in dealing with o

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Georgiou, Georgios P. "How Do Speakers of a Language with a Transparent Orthographic System Perceive the L2 Vowels of a Language with an Opaque Orthographic System? An Analysis through a Battery of Behavioral Tests." Languages 6, no. 3 (July 11, 2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6030118.

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Background: The present study aims to investigate the effect of the first language (L1) orthography on the perception of the second language (L2) vowel contrasts and whether orthographic effects occur at the sublexical level. Methods: Fourteen adult Greek learners of English participated in two AXB discrimination tests: one auditory and one orthography test. In the auditory test, participants listened to triads of auditory stimuli that targeted specific English vowel contrasts embedded in nonsense words and were asked to decide if the middle vowel was the same as the first or the third vowel b

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Raman, Ilhan, and Brendan Stuart Weekes. "Deep Dysgraphia in Turkish." Behavioural Neurology 16, no. 2-3 (2005): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/568540.

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Deep dysgraphic patients make semantic errors when writing to dictation and they cannot write nonwords. Extant reports of deep dysgraphia come from languages with relatively opaque orthographies. Turkish is a transparent orthography because the bidirectional mappings between phonology and orthography are completely predictable. We report BRB, a biscriptal Turkish-English speaker who has acquired dysgraphia characterised by semantic errors as well as effects of grammatical class and imageability on writing in Turkish. Nonword spelling is abolished. A similar pattern of errors is observed in Eng

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ESCUDERO, PAOLA. "Orthography plays a limited role when learning the phonological forms of new words: The case of Spanish and English learners of novel Dutch words." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 1 (January 2015): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271641400040x.

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ABSTRACTSome previous studies have shown that the availability of orthographic information leads to positive effects for second language (L2) phonology, while others document negative effects. In this paper, we examine the role of orthography on novel spoken-word learning by comparing word pairs that differed in most or all of their segments (nonminimal pairs) and those that only differed in one phoneme (minimal pairs) that was considered easy or difficult to discriminate. We tested the performance of learners whose native languages have transparent orthographies as well as learners with opaqu

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Joshi, R. Malatesha, Kausalai Wijekumar, and Amy Gillespie Rouse. "International Perspectives on Spelling and Writing in Different Orthographies: Introduction to the Special Series." Journal of Learning Disabilities 55, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222194211059836.

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This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on spelling and writing in different orthographies. Most studies and theoretical models of writing are based on the English language, and it is generally assumed that what is true for English is also true for other languages. Further, there are more studies on reading compared to studies of writing and spelling. Considering that 80% of the world’s population speaks a language other than English, we need more studies on writing and spelling in languages other than English. With this intention, we are presenting 6 papers on writing and

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Saletta, Meredith. "Orthography and speech production in children with good or poor reading skills." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 905–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716419000055.

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AbstractSpeech production is influenced by the orthographic representation of the spoken word. Although previous work has shown that inconsistencies between the word’s sound and spelling may facilitate or disrupt processing (e.g., Alario, Perre, Castel, & Ziegler, 2007; Saletta, Goffman, & Brentari, 2015; Saletta, Goffman, & Hogan, 2016; Ventura, Morais, Pattamadilok, & Kolinsky, 2004), the developmental course of this effect on new readers remains unclear. The current study examines how children’s production of nonwords changes as a function of exposure to the nonwords’ orthog

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Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. "English versus Zambian Languages: Exploring some Similarities and Differences with their Implication on the Teaching of Literacy and Language in Primary Schools." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0037.

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This desk study aimed at comparing English and selected Zambian Languages with a view of identifying some similarities and differences. Data was collected through author introspection and document analysis of existing literature. Publications in English and some Zambian Languages were collected from international databases such JSTOR, Cambridge Journals Online, and Palgrave Macmillan Journals. Searches for literature was extended to Google Scholar, Institutional Repository and visited the University of Zambia library in person. The documents collected were subjected to content analysis where k

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Borgwaldt, Susanne R., Frauke M. Hellwig, and Annette M. B. de Groot. "Word-initial entropy in five languages." Written Language and Literacy 7, no. 2 (March 22, 2005): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.7.2.03bor.

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Alphabetic orthographies show more or less ambiguous relations between spelling and sound patterns. In transparent orthographies, like Italian, the pronunciation can be predicted from the spelling and vice versa. Opaque orthographies, like English, often display unpredictable spelling–sound correspondences. In this paper we present a computational analysis of word-initial bi-directional spelling–sound correspondences for Dutch, English, French, German, and Hungarian, stated in entropy values for various grain sizes. This allows us to position the five languages on the continuum from opaque to

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Goncalves, Alison Roberto, and Rosane Silveira. "Orthographic effects in speech production: A psycholinguistic study with adult Brazilian-Portuguese English bilinguals / Efeitos ortográficos na produção da fala: um estudo psicolinguístico com adultos bilíngues falantes de Português Brasileiro e Inglês." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 28, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.28.3.1461-1494.

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Abstract: The present study inquired whether orthography affects phonological processing of English as an L2. To do so, a lexicon that simulated opaque and transparent grapho-phonic English relations in nuclear position was developed (e.g., keet, deit, toud). Bilingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and English were compelled to learn this new lexicon through a repeated-exposure training paradigm in which they were introduced to the lexicon phonological forms associated with their visual forms, and then to the phonological forms associated with their visual and orthographic forms. After unde

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ZHANG, JIE, HONG LI, QIONG DONG, JIE XU, and ELIZABETH SHOLAR. "Implicit use of radicals in learning characters for nonnative learners of Chinese." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000090.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether beginning nonnative learners of Chinese can use phonological and semantic information of radicals to learn the sounds and meanings of new Chinese characters. Thirty-four seventh- and eighth-grade American adolescents, who received intensive Chinese instruction for one semester, were taught 16 compound pseudocharacters paired with novel pictures over three learning trials. After each learning trial, students were asked to produce the sounds and meanings of pseudocharacters in which semantic transparency and phonetic regularity of radicals were manipulated

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Chibamba, Agnes Chileshe, and Geoffrey Kazembe Tambulukani. "Learning to Read Words in Cinyanja Language and the Contribution of the Home and School Environments in Lusaka District of Zambia." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 11 (2022): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61125.

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The focus of this study was to establish how reading developed in children in Cinyanja language by charting their development from home environment, through grade 1 to 2. An embedded explanatory sequential mixed methods design of both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed to collect, analyse and interpret the data. Six grade 1 children with ages ranging from 7 to 9 at entry point, 6 parents and 3 teachers participated in the study. Quantitative data across the three phases were collected through literacy tests: alphabetic knowledge and word reading. Simple tables were generated man

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Bitan, Tali, Yael Weiss, Tami Katzir, and Tammar Truzman. "Morphological decomposition compensates for imperfections in phonological decoding. Neural evidence from typical and dyslexic readers of an opaque orthography." Cortex 130 (September 2020): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.014.

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Alzi'abi, Safi Eldeen. "Arab Efl Learners’ Stress of Compound Words." Research in Language 20, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.20.1.06.

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Compound words are ubiquitous in English. Stressing compounds is difficult for EFL learners and native speakers, especially when the meaning is not a sum of the constituent parts. This study explores Arab EFL learners’ stress strategies and outlines their difficulties. It examines whether any of these factors (a) word class, (b) orthography, (c) understanding of phonetics and phonology, (d) age and (e) grade point average (GPA) influence their behaviour and levels of success. It involves 130 second and third-year Jordanian English majors in reading 50 opaque non-frequent compound words, 25 wit

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Whitt, L. A. "Fictional Contexts and Referential Opacity." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 15, no. 2 (June 1985): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1985.10716422.

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Quantified modal logic and propositional attitudes have long been regarded as sites susceptible to referential opacity — that curious affliction first diagnosed by Quine. In this paper I suggest a way of alleviating the symptoms of referential opacity as they manifest themselves in fictional contexts, contexts in which we are confronted by discourse about fiction(s). Indeed, a case might be made against Quine that it is fictional, rather than quotational, contexts which are the referentially opaque contexts par excellence. For whether we take a Fregean line on the matter and consider the obliq

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Zhang, Juan, Chenggang Wu, Tiemin Zhou, and Yaxuan Meng. "Cognate facilitation priming effect is modulated by writing system: Evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917749062.

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Aims: The present study aims to examine the cross-script cognate facilitation effect that cognates have processing advantages over non-cognates and this effect is strong evidence supporting the non-selective access hypothesis for bilinguals. Methodology: By adopting a masked translation priming paradigm, Experiment 1 used 48 Chinese–English cognates (Chinese words) and 48 non-cognates (Chinese words) as primes and their English translation equivalences as targets. Chinese–English bilinguals were instructed to judge whether the target stimuli were real words or not. In Experiment 2, another gro

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Shum, Simon S. P., W. S. Lau, Matthew M. F. Yuen, and K. M. Yu. "Solid reconstruction from orthographic opaque views using incremental extrusion." Computers & Graphics 21, no. 6 (November 1997): 787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0097-8493(97)00058-7.

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LI, MAN, NAN JIANG, and KIRA GOR. "L1 and L2 processing of compound words: Evidence from masked priming experiments in English." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 384–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000681.

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This study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating early automatic processes involved in the visual recognition of English bimorphemic compounds in native and non-native processing. Results show that NSs produced robust and statistically equivalent masked priming effects with semantically transparent (e.g., toothbrush-TOOTH) and opaque (e.g., honeymoon-HONEY) compound primes, but no priming with orthographic controls (e.g., restaurant-REST), irrespective of constituent position. Similarly, advanced Chinese learners of English also produced robust and statistic

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Tse, Chi-Shing, and Melvin J. Yap. "The role of lexical variables in the visual recognition of two-character Chinese compound words: A megastudy analysis." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 9 (January 1, 2018): 2022–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817738965.

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To examine the effect of lexical variables on two-character Chinese compound word processing, we performed item-level hierarchical regression analyses on lexical decision megastudy data of 18,983 two-character Chinese compound words. The first analysis determined the unique item-level variance explained by orthographic (frequency and stroke count), phonological (consistency, homophonic density), and semantic (transparency) variables. Both character and word variables were considered. Results showed that orthographic and semantic variables, respectively, accounted for more collective variance t

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Artuso, Caterina, and Paola Palladino. "The role of memory updating in shallow native and opaque second language learning." Second Language Research 35, no. 3 (June 7, 2018): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658318777022.

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The current study investigates the relation between working memory updating and second language learning (L2) outcomes in typically-developing fourth grade children. Our primary aim was to replicate and extend previous findings on the relationship between updating and low-level reading skills, i.e. fluency. Our second objective was to examine possible updating transfer effects across languages, from the native language (L1) to L2 learning. The languages considered have different orthographic features; shallow for L1 (Italian), and opaque for L2 (English). Mediation analyses were tested using t

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Qasem, Mousa, and Rebecca Foote. "CROSSLANGUAGE LEXICAL ACTIVATION." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263109990271.

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This study tested the predictions of the revised hierarchical (RHM) and morphological decomposition (MDM) models with Arabic-English bilinguals. The RHM (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) predicts that the amount of activation of first language translation equivalents is negatively correlated with second language (L2) proficiency. The MDM (Frost, Forster, & Deutsch, 1997) claims that in nonconcatenative languages, including Arabic, activation spreads by morphological identity rather than orthographic similarity. To test these two models, native speakers of Arabic at two levels of English L2 profi

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De Martino, Maria, Giulia Bracco, Francesca Postiglione, and Alessandro Laudanna. "The influence of grammatical gender and suffix transparency in processing Italian written nouns." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2017): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.12.1.05dem.

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Abstract In some languages the grammatical gender of nouns can be probabilistically detected using formal cues; for instance, in Italian, the majority of feminine nouns end in ‘-a’(e.g., casa, ‘home’) and the majority of masculine nouns end in ‘-o’ (e.g., albero, ‘tree’). It has been hypothesized that the match/mismatch between the formal information of the suffix and the abstract grammatical information on gender affects lexical processing of nouns. An alternative account is that a default option available for gender poses constraints to mechanisms of lexical access for words exhibiting gende

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Heyer, Vera, and Dana Kornishova. "Semantic transparency affects morphological priming . . . eventually." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 1112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310915.

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Semantic transparency has been in the focus of psycholinguistic research for decades, with the controversy about the time course of the application of morpho-semantic information during the processing of morphologically complex words not yet resolved. This study reports two masked priming studies with English - ness and Russian - ost’ nominalisations, investigating how semantic transparency modulates native speakers’ morphological priming effects at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both languages, we found increased morphological priming for nominalisations at the transpar

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Fiorentino, Robert, and Ella Fund-Reznicek. "Masked morphological priming of compound constituents." Mental Lexicon 4, no. 2 (November 11, 2009): 159–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.2.01fio.

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Recent masked priming studies suggest that complex words are rapidly segmented into potential morphological constituents during initial visual word recognition. Much of this evidence involves affixation or other formally regular operations, leaving open the question of whether these effects rely heavily on the identification of a closed-class affix or other formal regularity. In two masked priming experiments with English transparent and opaque bimorphemic compound primes consisting solely of open-class morphemes, we find significant constituent priming, but no significant priming for purely o

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Rueckl, Jay G., Pedro M. Paz-Alonso, Peter J. Molfese, Wen-Jui Kuo, Atira Bick, Stephen J. Frost, Roeland Hancock, et al. "Universal brain signature of proficient reading: Evidence from four contrasting languages." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 50 (November 30, 2015): 15510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509321112.

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We propose and test a theoretical perspective in which a universal hallmark of successful literacy acquisition is the convergence of the speech and orthographic processing systems onto a common network of neural structures, regardless of how spoken words are represented orthographically in a writing system. During functional MRI, skilled adult readers of four distinct and highly contrasting languages, Spanish, English, Hebrew, and Chinese, performed an identical semantic categorization task to spoken and written words. Results from three complementary analytic approaches demonstrate limited la

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Lehtonen, Minna, Philip J. Monahan, and David Poeppel. "Evidence for Early Morphological Decomposition: Combining Masked Priming with Magnetoencephalography." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 3366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00035.

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Are words stored as morphologically structured representations? If so, when during word recognition are morphological pieces accessed? Recent masked priming studies support models that assume early decomposition of (potentially) morphologically complex words. The electrophysiological evidence, however, is inconsistent. We combined masked morphological priming with magneto-encephalography (MEG), a technique particularly adept at indexing processes involved in lexical access. The latency of an MEG component peaking, on average, 220 msec post-onset of the target in left occipito-temporal brain re

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ELLIS, NICK C., and A. MARI HOOPER. "Why learning to read is easier in Welsh than in English: Orthographic transparency effects evinced with frequency-matched tests." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 4 (December 2001): 571–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716401004052.

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This study compared the rate of literacy acquisition in orthographically transparent Welsh and orthographically opaque English using reading tests that were equated for frequency of written exposure. Year 2 English-educated monolingual children were compared with Welsh-educated bilingual children, matched for reading instruction, background, locale, and math ability. Welsh children were able to read aloud accurately significantly more of their language (61% of tokens, 1821 types) than were English children (52% tokens, 716 types), allowing them to read aloud beyond their comprehension levels (

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Rashid, Mohammed Abubakari, and Ibrahim Alhassan. "Appellative Names: Nanuŋ Towns in Context." International Journal of Culture and History 9, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i1.19854.

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In this paper, we focus on studying the appellative names of some towns in Nanuŋ and how these appellative names came into existence so as to uncover the important historical information, such as settlement history, folklore and social conditions about these places. Town names (toponyms) have attracted a lot of scholarly attention. However, appellative names, Nanuŋ appellative town names for that matter is yet to catch the eyes of scholars. No study has been sighted in relation to this study and thus triggers the study. Nanuŋ appellative town names are not haphazardly labeled, but sociocultura

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Smith, Adam D. "EARLY CHINESE MANUSCRIPT WRITINGS FOR THE NAME OF THE SAGE EMPEROR SHUN 舜, AND THE LEGACY OF WARRING STATES-PERIOD ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN EARLY CHINESE RECEIVED TEXTS". Early China 40 (2017): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2017.12.

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AbstractThe graph used to write the name of the mythical emperor Shun 舜 in received texts is a puzzling one. It is not obvious that any component in the graph, as it appears today, is semantically motivated, nor is there any element well suited to representing the name Shun phonetically. Texts like theShuowen jiezi說文解字 preserve an alternate writing of the name under the rubric “guwen古文,” but this too is hard to analyze in terms of the semantic and phonological motivation of the graph components. Without a clear understanding of why the name Shun is written the way it is, a reliable reconstruct

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Zhang, Jie, Hong Li, and Yang Liu. "THE INFLUENCE OF ORTHOGRAPHY ON ORAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN LEARNERS OF CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition, June 24, 2021, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263121000139.

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Abstract The present study investigated the effects of exposure to Chinese orthography on learning phonological forms of new words in learners of Chinese as a second language. A total of 30 adult learners of Chinese studied spoken label and picture associations presented either with phonologically accurate characters, characters with partial phonological information, or no orthography. Half the phonologically accurate or partially accurate characters were semantically transparent or opaque. Spoken labels were recalled without orthography presence. Results showed that exposure to phonologically

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Deng, Wenxiyuan, Kit Ying Chan, and Ka Man Au Yeung. "Orthographic effects on L2 production and L2 proficiency in ESL learners with non-alphabetic and orthographically opaque L1." Applied Psycholinguistics, December 6, 2022, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271642200039x.

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Abstract This study examined the role of first language (L1) transparency in intra-orthographic effects on second language (L2) pronunciation by studying L2 learners with a non-alphabetic and orthographically opaque L1 and an alphabetic L2. Relations between orthographic effects, phonological awareness, and L2 proficiency were examined. Fifty-four Cantonese-speaking English as a second language (ESL) learners participated in Experiment 1 with orthographic effect tasks (homophone and silent-letter read-aloud) and phonological awareness tasks. Thirty Cantonese-speaking and 30 Mandarin-speaking E

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Probert, Tracy, and Mark De Vos. "Word recognition strategies amongst isiXhosa/English bilingual learners: The interaction of orthography and language of learning and teaching." Reading & Writing 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/rw.v7i1.84.

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Word recognition is a major component of fluent reading and involves an interaction of language structure, orthography, and metalinguistic skills. This study examined reading strategies in isiXhosa and the transfer of these strategies to an additional language, English. IsiXhosa was chosen because of its agglutinative structure and conjunctive orthography. Data was collected at two schools which differed with regards to their language of learning and teaching (LoLT) in the first three years of schooling: isiXhosa and English respectively. Participants completed a wordand pseudo-word reading al

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Harvey, Robin E., and Patricia J. Brooks. "Effects of text messaging using digital Pinyin input on literacy skills of elementary school Chinese immersion learners." Language Teaching Research, June 14, 2022, 136216882210999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13621688221099909.

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Children learning Chinese must cope with an opaque orthography lacking transparent relations between oral pronunciations and written characters: a challenge heightened for L2 learners. Use of digital Pinyin input may facilitate connections between oral and written language by allowing learners to access vocabulary they cannot yet write. We assessed the effects of promoting digital Pinyin writing by engaging students in text messaging in digital chat rooms as part of the 4th grade Chinese language arts curriculum at an American Chinese immersion school. Students in two classes engaged in text m

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Arfé, Barbara, and Tamara Zancato. "Language-Specific Effects in Response to Spelling Intervention in Italian and in English as an Additional Language." Journal of Learning Disabilities, April 3, 2021, 002221942110017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222194211001757.

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According to a language-integrated view of spelling development, learning to spell involves the same language-learning skills across alphabetic systems. A prediction based on this view is that the same spelling training should be equally effective for learning to spell in a shallow (Italian, native language) or an opaque (English, additional language) orthography. We tested this prediction by teaching 6- to 9-year-old Italian children to use multiletter spelling units to spell words in Italian and English. The children were trained on the spelling of Italian words containing orthographic diffi

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Land, Sandra. "Automaticity in reading isiZulu." Reading & Writing 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/rw.v7i1.90.

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Automaticity, or instant recognition of combinations of letters as units of language, is essential for proficient reading in any language. The article explores automaticity amongst competent adult first-language readers of isiZulu, and the factors associated with it or its opposite - active decoding. Whilst the transparent spelling patterns of isiZulu aid learner readers, some of its orthographical features may militate against their gaining automaticity. These features are agglutination; a conjoined writing system; comparatively long, complex words; and a high rate of recurring strings of par

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Gonçalves, Fábio, Alexandra Reis, Filomena Inácio, Inês Salomé Morais, and Luís Faísca. "Reading Comprehension Predictors in European Portuguese Adults." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (December 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789413.

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Research on the predictors of reading comprehension has been largely focused on school-aged children and mainly in opaque orthographies, hindering the generalization of the results to adult populations and more transparent orthographies. In the present study, we aim to test two versions of the Simple View of Reading (SVR): the original model and an extended version, including reading fluency and vocabulary. Additional mediation models were analyzed to verify if other reading comprehension predictors (rapid automatized naming, phonological decoding, phonological awareness, morphological awarene

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Bakhtiar, Mehdi, Maryam Mokhlesin, Chotiga Pattamadilok, Stephen Politzer-Ahles, and Caicai Zhang. "The Effect of Orthographic Transparency on Auditory Word Recognition Across the Development of Reading Proficiency." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (July 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691989.

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A question under debate in psycholinguistics is the nature of the relationship between spoken and written languages. Although it has been extensively shown that orthographic transparency, which varies across writing systems, strongly affects reading performance, its role in speech processing is much less investigated. The present study addressed this issue in Persian, whose writing system provides a possibility to assess the impact of orthographic transparency on spoken word recognition in young children at different stages of reading acquisition. In Persian, the long vowels are systematically

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Lázaro, Miguel, Lorena García, and Víctor Illera. "Morpho-orthographic segmentation of opaque and transparent derived words: New evidence for Spanish." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, December 9, 2020, 174702182097703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820977038.

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Semantic transparency has been extensively analysed in research on visual word recognition. Under the masked priming paradigm, it has consistently been shown that opaque and transparent words are facilitated relative to form-related controls, but differences in priming between one condition and another have not been conclusively proven. Hence, research has been unable to theoretically elucidate the possible value of semantic transparency in the processing of derived words. This study describes two lexical decision experiments in Spanish. Experiment 1 revealed differences between the transparen

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Hubers, Ferdy, Catia Cucchiarini, Helmer Strik, and Ton Dijkstra. "EXPRESS: Individual Word Activation and Word Frequency Effects during the Processing of Opaque Idiomatic Expressions." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, September 10, 2021, 174702182110479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211047995.

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Idiom processing studies have paid considerable attention to the relationship between idiomatic expressions as a whole and their constituent words. Although most research focused on the semantic properties of the constituent words, their orthographic form could also play a role in processing. To test this, we assessed both form and meaning activation of individual words during the processing of opaque idioms. In two primed word naming experiments, Dutch native speakers silently read sentences word by word and then named the last word of the sentence. This target word was embedded in either an

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Mauti, Marika, Chiara Valeria Marinelli, Richard J. O’Connor, Pierluigi Zoccolotti, and Marialuisa Martelli. "Decision times in orthographic processing: a cross-linguistic study." Experimental Brain Research, January 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06542-0.

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AbstractReading comparisons across transparent and opaque orthographies indicate critical differences that may reveal the mechanisms involved in orthographic decoding across orthographies. Here, we address the role of criterion and speed of processing in accounting for performance differences across languages. We used binary tasks involving orthographic (words–pseudowords), and non-orthographic materials (female–male faces), and analyzed results based on Ratcliff’s Diffusion model. In the first study, 29 English and 28 Italian university students were given a lexical decision test. English obs

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Gabel, Lisa A., Alexandria Battison, Dongnhu T. Truong, Esther R. Lindström, Kelsey Voss, Yih-Choung Yu, Sorawit Roongruengratanakul, et al. "Orthographic depth may influence the degree of severity of maze learning performance in children at risk for reading disorder." Developmental Neuroscience, October 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527480.

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Reading disability (RD), which affect between 5-17% of the population worldwide, is the most prevalent form of learning disability, and is associated with underactivation of a universal reading network in children. However, recent research suggests there are differences in learning rates on cognitive predictors of reading performance, as well as differences in activation patterns within the reading neural network, based on orthographic depth (i.e. transparent/shallow vs. deep/opaque orthographies) in children with RD. Recently, we showed that native-English-speaking children with RD exhibit im

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Chee, Qian Wen, and Melvin J. Yap. "Are there task-specific effects in morphological processing? Examining semantic transparency effects in semantic categorisation and lexical decision." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, February 25, 2022, 174702182210792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218221079269.

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Current theories of morphological processing include form-then-meaning accounts, form-with-meaning accounts, and connectionist theories. Form-then meaning accounts argue that the morphological decomposition of complex words is based purely on orthographic structure, while form-with meaning accounts argue that decomposition is influenced by the semantic properties of the stem. Connectionist theories, however, argue that morphemes are encoded as statistical patterns of occurrences between form and meaning. The weight of evidence from the literature thus far suggests that morphological decomposit

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