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Journal articles on the topic 'OPCAT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Fletcher, Adam. "Australia and the OPCAT." Alternative Law Journal 37, no. 4 (2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1203700404.

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2

Grenfell, Laura. "Aged care, detention and OPCAT." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 2 (2019): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1642998.

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3

van Kalmthout, A. M. "CPT, OPCAT and the Dutch Caribbean." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 32, no. 2 (2014): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934411403200202.

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4

Herbert, Tania. "An Overview of Torture Prevention Systems in Russia, Lithuania, Sweden and Norway." Torture Journal 30, no. 2 (2020): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v30i2.122539.

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The very nature of detention means that those subjected to it are dependent on detaining authorities to provide protection and to refrain from human rights abuses, including torture and ill treatment. Recognising this, the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture (OPCAT) obliges signatories to establish detention monitoring bodies through National Preventative Mechanisms (NPMs). Whilst some regions have received considerable attention in terms of CAT and OPCAT compliance, this has not generally been so for the region incorporating Russia, Nordic and Baltic countries.

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5

Hardwick, Nick, and Rachel Murray. "Regularity of OPCAT visits by NPMs in Europe." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588054.

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6

Gleeson, Madeline. "Monitoring places of immigration detention in Australia under OPCAT." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588059.

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7

Naylor, Bronwyn, and Stan Winford. "Implementing OPCAT through prison monitoring: the relevance of rehabilitation." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588060.

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8

Ploton, V. "The OPCAT Special Fund: A New Resource for Torture Prevention?" Journal of Human Rights Practice 7, no. 1 (2015): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huv002.

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9

Weller, Penelope. "OPCAT monitoring and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588056.

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10

McGregor, Judy. "The challenges and limitations of OPCAT national preventive mechanisms: lessons from New Zealand." Australian Journal of Human Rights 23, no. 3 (2017): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2017.1392477.

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11

Buckland, Ben, and Audrey Olivier-Muralt. "OPCAT in federal states: towards a better understanding of NPM models and challenges." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588061.

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12

Harding, Richard. "Australia’s circuitous path towards the ratification of OPCAT, 2002–2017: the challenges of implementation." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588062.

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13

de Wolf, Antenor Hallo, and James Watson. "Navigating the Boundaries of Prevention: The Role of Opcat in Deportations with Diplomatic Assurances." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 27, no. 4 (2009): 525–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410902700404.

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14

Lea, Meredith, Fleur Beaupert, Ngila Bevan, et al. "A disability aware approach to torture prevention? Australian OPCAT ratification and improved protections for people with disability." Australian Journal of Human Rights 24, no. 1 (2018): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2018.1441611.

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15

Pegram, Tom. "Regulatory Stewardship and Intermediation." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 670, no. 1 (2017): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217693986.

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The regulator-intermediary-target (RIT) framework exposes the potential for intermediaries to provide alternative channels for capture. In this article, I argue that the risk of capture can be mitigated through what I call regulatory stewardship—a novel conception of regulatory management that involves the intermediaries themselves monitoring the performance of one another. I explore regulatory stewardship by examining a new generation of human rights treaty innovation: the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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16

Ledwidge, Frank. "The Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT): A major step forward in the global prevention of torture." Helsinki Monitor 17, no. 1 (2006): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181406776564011.

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17

White, Michael. "The role and scope of OPCAT in protecting those deprived of liberty: a critical analysis of the New Zealand experience." Australian Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 1 (2019): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2019.1588055.

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18

Sveaass, Nora, and Victor Madrigal-Borloz. "The preventive approach: OPCAT and the prevention of violence and abuse of persons with mental disabilities by monitoring places of detention." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 53 (July 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.06.001.

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19

de Beco, Gauthier. "The Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the OPCAT) in Europe: Duplication or Reinforcement?" Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 18, no. 3 (2011): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x1101800303.

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20

Muntingh, Lukas M. "Africa, Prisons and COVID-19." Journal of Human Rights Practice 12, no. 2 (2020): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huaa031.

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Abstract Africa’s prisons are a long-standing concern for rights defenders given the prevalence of rights abuses, overcrowding, poor conditions of detention and the extent to which the criminal justice system is used to target the poor. The paper surveys 24 southern and east African countries within the context of COVID-19. Between 5 March and 15 April 2020 COVID-19 had spread to 23 southern and east African countries, except Lesotho. The overwhelming majority of these countries imposed general restrictions on their populations from March 2020 and nearly all restricted visits to prisons to pre

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21

Koster, A. "OPCAB." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 24, Supplement 40 (2007): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200706002-00007.

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22

Lassere, J. M. "Optat (Saint)." Encyclopédie berbère, no. 35 (June 1, 2013): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2818.

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23

Cremer, J. "OPCAB-Revaskularisation." Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 25, no. 1 (2011): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00398-010-0822-x.

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24

Morris, Cullen D., John D. Puskas, Sorin V. Pusca, et al. "Outcomes after Off-Pump Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 2, no. 1 (2007): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.imi.0000250499.99341.97.

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Objective Application of off-pump techniques to reoperative coronary artery bypass (redo CABG) has been limited by technical difficulty and potential for embolism of atheromatous debris from diseased grafts, resulting in myocardial infarction and rapid hemodynamic deterioration. We compared outcomes after off-pump (OPCAB) and on-pump (ONCAB) in redo CABG. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent redo CABG at a single academic institution between January 1997 and December 2004. Outcomes were compared between groups based on intention to treat. Propensity sco

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25

Fan, Guangpu, Xuan Wang, Chen Chen, Jing Liu, and Yu Chen. "Surgeons’ Preference for Off-Pump or On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery." Heart Surgery Forum 24, no. 3 (2021): E422—E426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3747.

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Background: Surgeon’s preference is an important factor in clinical strategy for off-pump (OPCAB) or on-pump (ONCAB) coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This study analyzed surgeons’ understanding of and propensity for both techniques. Methods: A survey was performed by self-reported questionnaire. Two sections were included: Q1 questionnaire investigated each surgeon’s opinion on the indications of OPCAB and ONCAB; and Q2 questionnaire investigated each surgeon’s choice of OPCAB or ONCAB in different clinical situations. Results: The questionnaires were sent to 169 surgeons. In Q1, 7

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26

Rabindranauth, Prem, Jacob G. Burns, Todd T. Vessey, Michelle A. Mathiason, Kara J. Kallies, and Venki Paramesh. "Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 9, no. 6 (2014): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155698451400900605.

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Objective Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) via left minithoracotomy is an alternative to off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) via sternotomy. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes after MICS CABG versus OPCAB. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent MICS CABG from December 2009 to December 2011 and OPCAB from January 2005 to April 2011 were reviewed. Patients who underwent OPCAB were matched 2:1 to patients who underwent MICS CABG by age, sex, preoperative ejection fraction, creatinine concentration, as well as history of diabetes an

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27

Sarin, Eric L., Michael O. Kayatta, Patrick Kilgo, et al. "Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Octogenarian Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Compared with On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 6, no. 2 (2011): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e31821692b1.

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Objective Coronary artery bypass grafting (CAB) on elderly patients presenting with multivessel coronary artery disease has become routine in modern day operating rooms. The aim of our study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes in octogenarian patients undergoing off-pump CAB (OPCAB) versus on-pump CAB (ONCAB). Methods A propensity-adjusted, retrospective review of patients older than 80 years who underwent primary CAB from January 1996 to September 2008 at our institution's hospitals was performed. Nine hundred thirty-seven patients were divided into two groups: OPCAB (n = 540) or ONC

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28

Westin, Andreas, Elin Strøm, and Lars Slørdal. "Opiat eller opioid?" Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 131, no. 13-14 (2011): 1320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.11.0465.

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29

Ward, Herbert B., and Rosemary F. Kelly. "OPCAB vs CABG." Chest 125, no. 3 (2004): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.3.815.

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30

Vuylsteke, Alain, and Caroline Gerrard. "OPCAB: heparin reversal?" Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 18, no. 3 (2004): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2004.03.025.

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31

Wait, Michael A. "OPCAB selection bias." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 71, no. 5 (2001): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02483-3.

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32

Zenz, M. "Peridurale Opiat-Analgesie." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 106, no. 16 (2008): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1070341.

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33

Mizuno, Tomohiro, and Hirokuni Arai. "Surgical technique and the devices for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting." Journal of the Japanese Coronary Association 19, no. 3 (2013): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7793/jcoron.19.031.

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34

Puskas, John, Davy Cheng, John Knight, et al. "Off-Pump versus Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Meta-Analysis and Consensus Statement from the 2004 ISMICS Consensus Conference." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 1, no. 1 (2005): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01243895-200500110-00002.

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Background The purpose of this evidence-based consensus statement is to systematically review and meta-analyze the randomized and nonrandomized evidence comparing off-pump (OPCAB) to conventional coronary artery bypass (CCAB) surgery and to provide consensus on the role of OPCAB in low- and high-risk surgical patients. Methods and Results This consensus conference was conducted according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) standards for development of clinical practice guidelines. The Steering Committee collated all published studies of OPCAB versus CCA

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35

Saha, Kamales Kumar, Mandar Deval, Lukash Jagdale, and Preetam Sahani. "Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Low-Volume Center." Heart Surgery Forum 14, no. 6 (2011): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.20111048.

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<p><b>Background:</b> The advantages of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) are well documented; however, the conversion of OPCAB to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This issue is of particular concern in low-volume centers or centers that are beginning to use OPCAB. We present an OPCAB methodology that uses a maximum number of arterial grafts.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> We routinely use OPCAB in every patient unless there is another associated condition. We used the following methods to improve th

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ter Woorst, J. F., A. H. T. Hoff, M. C. Haanschoten, S. Houterman, A. H. M. van Straten, and M. A. Soliman-Hamad. "Do women benefit more than men from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting?" Netherlands Heart Journal 27, no. 12 (2019): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12471-019-01333-9.

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Abstract Objectives Outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are worse in women than in men. This study aims to investigate whether off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery improves the outcomes in women by comparing different outcome measures in both genders. Methods Patients who underwent isolated CABG, either on-pump (ONCAB) or OPCAB, between January 1998 and June 2017 were included. Primary endpoints were 30-day and 120-day mortality. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the effect of the CABG technique on important outcomes such as mortality and the

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37

Agnihotri, Gaurav, Alan E. Gross, Minji Seok, et al. "600. Decreased Hospital Readmission After Programmatic Strengthening of an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Program." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S362—S363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.794.

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Abstract Background Although it is recommended that an OPAT program should be managed by a formal OPAT team that supports the treating physician, many OPAT programs face challenges in obtaining necessary program staff (i.e nurses or pharmacists) due to limited data examining the impact of a dedicated OPAT team on patient outcomes. Our objective was to compare OPAT-related readmission rates among patients receiving OPAT before and after the implementation of a strengthened OPAT program. Methods This retrospective quasi-experiment compared adult patients discharged on intravenous (IV) antibiotic

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Gorki, Hagen, Nirav C. Patel, Georgia Panagopoulos, et al. "Off-pump Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients with Low Ejection Fraction." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 5, no. 1 (2010): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0b013e3181cf8228.

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Objective Long-term survival after off-pump surgery in patients with low ejection fraction was investigated. Methods Three hundred forty-six patients with ejection fraction 30% or less with isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) were compared with a propensity matched historical group operated on-pump (ONCAB) and with data from literature after percutaneous coronary intervention and OPCAB surgery. Results The lower invasiveness of OPCAB contributed to a significantly better 30-day survival, shorter postoperative length of stay, and fewer in-hospital complications. Incomplete

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Swartwood, Michael J., Claire E. Farel, Nikolaos Mavrogiorgos, et al. "607. Identifying Intervention Opportunities to Prevent Readmissions during OPAT." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.801.

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Abstract Background Patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) experience high rates of unplanned readmissions. To inform interventions that may reduce risk of unplanned readmissions during OPAT, we examined the frequency and reasons for readmission in a large cohort of OPAT patients. Methods We analyzed data on all patients enrolled in UNC’s OPAT program from February 2015-February 2020. Patients were evaluated by an infectious diseases (ID) physician prior to OPAT enrollment, discharged with &gt;14 remaining days of prescribed therapy, and received care coordin

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40

Neumann, Anneke, Luise Vöhringer, Julia Fischer, et al. "Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Focus on Safety and Completeness of Revascularization." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 68, no. 08 (2019): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677834.

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Abstract Background Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass might be advantageous, but the role of off-pump CABG (OPCAB) remains controversial, as it has been associated with incomplete revascularization in several studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and outcome of OPCAB surgery in ACS patients. Methods We performed a retrospective review of ACS patients who underwent on-pump CABG (ONCAB) or OPCAB, eithe

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Ganguly, Anisha, Larry Brown, Deepak Agrawal, and Kavita Bhavan. "Emergency Department Utilization During Self-Administered Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.786.

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Abstract Background Self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (S-OPAT) has been established as a clinically safe and effective alternative to inpatient or outpatient extended-course intravenous antibiotics while reducing healthcare resource utilization. However, previous research has not confirmed that transferring patients from the hospital to home for treatment does not cause a compensatory increase in emergency department (ED) visits. We sought to validate S-OPAT clinical safety and healthcare costs associated with S-OPAT by confirming that S-OPAT does not increase ED ut

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42

Zarro, Debra L., David A. Palanzo, and Ralph M. Montesano. "A comparison of several variables of off-pump coronary artery bypass procedures versus myocardial revascularization utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass." Perfusion 17, no. 1 (2002): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf527oa.

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An investigation was conducted to compare several variables of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) procedures with those using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for myocardial revascularization by two surgeons. The patients were divided into four groups: group 1 patients received CPB for their myocardial revascularization performed by surgeon A; group 2 patients received the OPCAB procedure performed by surgeon A; group 3 patients received CPB for their myocardial revascularization performed by surgeon B; and group 4 received the OPCAB procedure performed by surgeon B. The same anesthesia techn

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43

Berrevoets, Marvin A. H., Jaap ten Oever, Anke J. M. Oerlemans, Bart Jan Kullberg, Marlies E. Hulscher, and Jeroen A. Schouten. "Quality Indicators for Appropriate Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in Adults: A Systematic Review and RAND-modified Delphi Procedure." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 6 (2019): 1075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz362.

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Abstract Background Our aim in this study was to develop quality indicators (QIs) for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) care that can be used as metrics for quality assessment and improvement. Methods A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used to develop a set of QIs. Recommendations on appropriate OPAT care in adults were retrieved from the literature using a systematic review and translated into potential QIs. These QIs were appraised and prioritized by a multidisciplinary panel of international OPAT experts in 2 questionnaire rounds combined with a meeting between rounds. Re

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Bianchini, Monica L., Rachel Kenney, Robyn Lentz, Marcus Zervos, Manu Malhotra, and Susan L. Davis. "772. Access Denied: Impact of Insurance Denials for High-Cost Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.840.

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Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) allows patients to receive prolonged antimicrobial therapy while reducing the length of hospitalization and healthcare costs. In the United States, most public and private insurance companies require prior authorization (PA) for OPAT. The impact of OPAT PA delays is not known. This study aimed to characterize discharge barriers and authorization delays associated with high-cost OPAT antibiotics. Methods IRB-approved study of adult patients discharged with high-cost OPAT antibiotics from January to December 2017. Antibiotics

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Muttaqin, Akhmad. "Relapse Opiat di Rumah Sakit Ketergantungan Obat Jakarta, Tahun 2003-2005." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 1, no. 5 (2007): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v1i5.291.

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Penyalahgunaan ulang opiat merupakan penyakit kronik yang berkali-kali muncul. Angka kambuh (relapse) pecandu Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif (Napza) secara umum tidak jauh berbeda dengan angka relapse pecandu opiat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui berbagai faktor saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian relapse opiat di RSKO Jakarta tahun 2003-2005. Penelitian dengan disain kasus control ini dilakukan terhadap data sekunder rekam medik. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi faktor individu (jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, golongan umur, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, dan status infek

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46

Heintz, Brett H., Jenana Halilovic, and Cinda L. Christensen. "Impact of a Multidisciplinary Team Review of Potential Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Prior to Discharge from an Academic Medical Center." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 45, no. 11 (2011): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1q240.

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Background:: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is frequently prescribed at hospital discharge, often without infectious diseases (ID) clinician oversight. We developed a multidisciplinary team, including an ID pharmacist, to review OPAT care plans at hospital discharge to improve safety, clinical efficacy, practicality, and appropriateness of the proposed antimicrobial regimen. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the OPAT team on regimen safety, efficacy, and complexity; calculate the economic benefits of the service by avoiding hospital discharge delay, central venous cathet

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47

Puskas, John D., Janet Martin, Davy C. H. Cheng, et al. "ISMICS Consensus Conference and Statements of Randomized Controlled Trials of Off-Pump versus Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 10, no. 4 (2015): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000184.

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Objective At this consensus conference, we developed evidence-informed consensus statements and recommendations on the practice of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) by systematically reviewing and performing meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OPCAB and conventional coronary artery bypass (CCAB). Methods All RCTs of OPCAB versus CCAB through April 2013 were screened, and 102 relevant RCTs (19,101 patients) were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis (15 RCTs of 9551 high-risk patients; and 87 RCTs of 9550 low-risk patients) in accordance wi

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48

Dhruba, Avishek Sarker, Md Kamrul Hasan, and Md Azizul Islam Khan. "Effect of Intact Pleura on Early Outcome after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Cardiovascular Journal 13, no. 2 (2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i2.52964.

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Background: Among the various options of treatment of ischemic heart disease coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the standard modes of revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting can be done with or without using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study was to compare postoperative early (up to 1 month) outcome of intact versus open pleura after off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Methods: In this study, sixty patients aged 18-70 years admitted in Department of Cardiac Surgery, NICVD who underwent OPCAB were selected for the study sample and divided

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49

Kshettry, Vibhu R., Thomas F. Flavin, Robert W. Emery, Demetre M. Nicoloff, and Rebecca J. Petersen. "OPCAB selection bias: Reply." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 71, no. 5 (2001): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02484-5.

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50

Mack, Michael J. "OPCAB selection bias: Reply." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 71, no. 5 (2001): 1751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02485-7.

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