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Böhler, Gunnar, Uwe Dieter Grebe, Torsten Löhnert, Manfred Pöpperl, and Klaus Steffens. "Der neue 1,8-l-Vierzylinder-Ottomotor für Opel-Automobile." MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift 66, no. 4 (April 2005): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226729.
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Pernicka, Susanne, Vera Glassner, Nele Dittmar, Adam Mrozowicki, and Małgorzata Maciejewska. "When does solidarity end? Transnational labour cooperation during and after the crisis – the GM/Opel case revisited." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 3 (May 7, 2015): 375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15577840.
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The General Motors (GM) case stands out for its transnational employee cooperation. During the crisis the ‘national turn’ of union politics seems to have eroded solidarity and mutual trust relations. In this article the authors suggest disentangling the behaviour of labour representatives and their attitudes, identities and feelings to develop a more sophisticated perspective on labour transnationalism. Concepts of sociological neo-institutionalism and empirical evidence from two automobile companies (GM/Opel and Volkswagen) in Germany, the UK and Poland are used to investigate the conditions under which transnational solidarity occurs and prevails. The authors conclude that solidarity in both companies has not come to an end and contributes to repertoires of contention in future labour conflicts.
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Mikulec, A. A., S. B. Lukens, L. E. Jackson, and M. N. Deyoung. "Noise exposure in convertible automobiles." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 2 (November 25, 2010): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110002355.
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AbstractObjective:To quantify the noise exposure received while driving a convertible automobile with the top open, compared with the top closed.Methods:Five different convertible automobiles were driven, with the top both closed and open, and noise levels measured. The cars were tested at speeds of 88.5, 104.6 and 120.7 km/h.Results:When driving with the convertible top open, the mean noise exposure ranged from 85.3 dB at 88.5 km/h to 89.9 dB at 120.7 km/h. At the tested speeds, noise exposure increased by an average of 12.4–14.6 dB after opening the convertible top.Conclusion:Driving convertible automobiles at speeds exceeding 88.5 km/h, with the top open, may result in noise exposure levels exceeding recommended limits, especially when driving with the convertible top open for prolonged periods.
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Arularasan, R., and Y. K. Sabapathy. "Fabrication and Testing of FRP Open Coil Springs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1065.
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Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products or replace old products by new and advanced material products. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Now days the automobile Industry has shown much interest in using Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) components replacing conventional steel components due to its “high strength to low weight” ratio. Therefore replacement the steel open coil suspension springs (in heavy automobiles) with Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) open coil springs with the main aim to reduce its weight and thereby reduce the fuel consumption to some extent. A semi mechanized pultrusion process (E –Glass and Epoxy Resin) and braiding process is selected for fabricating the GFRP open coil springs. It is then tested in lab to study some of the variable parameters. Keywords: Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) , Coil spring , Pultrusion
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Smith, Mick. "The Ethical Architecture of the 'Open Road'." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 2, no. 3 (1998): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853598x00208.
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AbstractThe motorcar is a mobile embodiment, expression and encapsulation of modernity's economic, environmental and ethical relations. The moral ambiguities of the automobile, as a vehicle of both individual freedom and environmental destruction, distil the equivocal costs and benefits of modernity itself. Any environmental critique of 'car culture' must recognise the automobile's role in expressing and constituting our individualistic and instrumental ethical Sittlichkeit - the ethical architecture that dominates the public and private lives of the modem citizen.
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Wu, Lan, Qi Shen, and Gen Li. "Identifying Risk Factors for Autos and Trucks on Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings Based on Mixed Logit Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215075.
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This study aimed to determine different influencing factors associated with the injury outcomes of heavy vehicle and automobile drivers at highway–rail grade crossings (HRGCs). A mixed logit model was adopted using the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) dataset (n = 194,385 for 2011–2020). The results show that drivers’ injury severities at HRGCs are enormously different between automobile and truck/truck–trailer drivers. It was found that vehicle speed and train speed significantly affect the injury severity in automobile and truck drivers. Driver characteristics such as gender and driver actions significantly impact the injury severity in automobile drivers, while HRGC attributes such as open space, rural areas, and type of warning device become significant factors in truck models. This study gives us a better understanding of the differences in the types of determinants between automobiles and trucks and their implications on differentiated policies for car and truck drivers.
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Shamah, Rania Abd Elmonem, and Shaymaa M. Elssawabi. "Facing the open innovation gap: measuring and building open innovation in supply chains." Journal of Modelling in Management 10, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2013-0009.
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Purpose – This study aims to develop a standardized instrument to measure open innovation and trust. The instrument is designed to examine the willingness of those involved in supply chains (SCs) to apply open innovation. It may also be used to observe the potential role of customers, competitors and suppliers in improving the performance of SCs. Design/methodology/approach – This survey of the extant studies of Multinational Automobiles Assembly lines in Egypt involved a questionnaire, which was provided across all grades at the middle managerial level. This questionnaire was divided into two main sections. The first section was concerned with elements of open innovation such as innovation, shared values and shared knowledge. The second section was focused on interrelated types of organizational and extra-organizational trust. Findings – The developed instrument was designed to access and analyze the different types of trust required for the optimal application of open innovation. Its purpose was to enhance customer satisfaction, and to help to create better internal-customer performance and the provision of innovative products. This explorative study indicated that Multinational Automobile Assembly lines in Egypt are willing to apply open innovation methods to improve their performance. Research limitations/implications – The study had a number of limitations. As the survey was conducted entirely on Multinational Automobile Assembly lines in Egypt, the applicability of the proposed scale will need to be tested further on different countries and types of industry. Originality/value – There is little empirical research about implementation of open innovation. Practitioners and researchers should find value in this unique instrument tool.
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S.K, Ms Birajdar. "IOT Based Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Station System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 27, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31839.
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The automotive industry is quickly transitioning from IC engine vehicles to electric vehicles as we enter a new era of automobiles. The growing demand for electric vehicles is also driving up the number of charging stations. In this idea, the automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling using a wireless charging system. All we have to do is pull the automobile into the charging station. Wireless Power Transmission is the process of sending electrical energy from a source to a load over a distance without the need of cables or other conducting wires. This project can open up new possibilities of wireless charging that can use in our daily lives. Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. This system can be used to charge the battery of Electric Vehicle Key Words: Wireless, Power, Transmission, Charging Station, Magnetic Resonance.
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Upaphong, Phit, Pongsant Supreeyathitikul, and Janejit Choovuthayakorn. "Open Globe Injuries Related to Traffic Accidents: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629589.
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Purpose. To evaluate epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients sustained traffic-related open globe injury (OGI). Methods. The medical records of all OGI patients who were admitted in a tertiary referral center from January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Then, the records of injuries related to traffic accidents were identified and reviewed in detail. Results. Among the overall causes of OGI, traffic-related accidents comprised 92/978 (9%) of cases. Nearly half of the injuries (51%) occurred in the 20–39-year-old group and 59% involved automobile transportation. Globe rupture occurred in 48 (47%) eyes. Following treatments, LogMAR visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from a median (interquartile range) of 2.3 (1.9–2.3) to 1.7 (0.3–3.0), at the final appointment. Presence of relative afferent pupillary defect and presence of retinal detachment were predictors for poor final visual outcomes. Conclusions. Traffic-related OGI had a high prevalence in the young. The risky transportation modes were motorcycles in teenagers and automobiles in young adults. Despite treatment, there was a considerable proportion of impaired final VA. This information could help establish effective safety education and encourage regular adherence to road safety behaviors in the high-risk groups.
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Chen, Fu Long, Xiao Ya Fan, and Gui Chun Ma. "Study on CAN-Based Lighting and Identifying System for Automobiles." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.779.
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Head lamps, tail lamps, side lamps, roof lamps, alarm signal lamps and other lamps of an automobile constitute a whole lighting system, and identifying devices constitute a guarding system against theft and alarm. In traditional designs, each lamp is independent and controlled artificially by persons, and the automobile cannot show maintenance men which lamp is broken-down and needs mending or replacing. The lamp is either ON or OFF, and its luminance can be adjusted neither automatically nor artificially so that much energy goes to waste. Moreover, lighting system is isolated from identifying system so that they are difficult to manage by a uniform system. Currently, identifying systems of many automobiles key system, door-controlling system, UHF sending/receiving system, alarm system and so on. Once the key is lost or stolen, those persons that have not the ownership can also open the door of the car with it. In this paper, an ISO Standard (ISO 11898) for serial communication- CAN is introduced. Through CAN micro-controller provided by ATMEL, each lamp of lighting system is a component and can be interconnected. Identifying system, in which fingerprint encryption technique is utilized, can also be interconnected with lighting system. This system can be controlled completely, and has some advantages such as smartness, security, low power, low cost, etc.
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Jacobs, P. L., S. E. Olvey, and K. A. Cohn. "PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF OPEN-WHEEL AUTOMOBILE RACING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-01921.
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Glassman, Sierra R., and Emily Y. Banno. "American Crow Cracks Open Bivalve via Automobile." Western Birds 55, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb55.1.6.
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here have been many observations of corvids placing a hard-shelled food item onto a roadway, then consuming the food exposed when a passing automobile crushes the shell. However, it has been debated whether corvids perform this behavior intentionally. Our observation of an American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) placing a bivalve on a road, then eating the meat exposed when the shell was run over, supports the idea that corvids intentionally use cars to crack shelled foods.
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Wei, Wei, Ming Cao, Qianling Jiang, Sheng-Jung Ou, and Hong Zou. "What Influences Chinese Consumers’ Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles? A Preliminary Study Based on Factor Analysis." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051057.
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The rapid development of automobile industry in China did improve people’s quality of life. However, it has also damaged the ecological environment. The emission of a large amount of automobiles is one of the serious air pollution sources. In recent years, the shortage of petrochemical energy, the rapid rise of harmful particles in the air (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10), and the increasing worse atmospheric environment are becoming obstacles to China’s sustainable development. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are recognized as an ideal alternative to conventional cars. This study aims to explore the factors that can promote consumers’ adoption of BEVs and to construct domains of these factors. Firstly, an open web questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted to widely collect factors that promote consumers’ purchase of BEVs. Then, questionnaire survey and exploratory factor analysis were used to construct domains of promoting consumers’ purchasing willingness. A total of six factors that promote consumers’ adoption of BEVs were obtained. Finally, the research results can provide references for the Chinese government and the BEV manufacturers in the development and promotion of EVs.
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Cooper, Kevin R., Edzard Mercker, and Jürg Müller. "The necessity for boundary corrections in a standard practice for the open-jet wind tunnel testing of automobiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 9 (April 26, 2017): 1245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017701287.
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This paper is intended to provide a summary of the necessary adjustments required for road-representative open-jet wind tunnel measurements on automobiles. The open-jet wind tunnel provides accurate measurements, but they are made in a finite-sized jet that differs from the unconfined open-road conditions. Furthermore, measurements on a given automobile made in different open-jet wind tunnels disagree with each other, and with measurements in closed-wall wind tunnels that were corrected for the influences of their solid boundaries. There appears to be reticence at some company levels to making ‘corrections’ to open-jet measurements. Perhaps non-specialist managers think that the need for a ‘correction’ means an erroneous measurement. It does not! Any high-quality wind tunnel measurement is accurate, but it needs to be ‘calibrated’ to on-road conditions through an appropriate set of procedures. Closed-wall wind tunnels measure higher drag coefficients, in comparison with those in an unconstrained on-road flow. Open-jet wind tunnels frequently measure a lower value. The closed-wall adjustments lower the drag coefficient to the unconstrained value. Open-jet adjustments should also adjust the drag coefficient to the same unconstrained value. This paper explores the range of effects from the finite jet and elucidates the effectiveness of a two-measurement correction procedure. It is shown that not every data point must be measured twice, only a small selected subset. Since approximately 20% of tunnel occupancy is in the fan-on condition, then the additional cost of correct accurate on-road-equivalent data is low.
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Njeru, Anthony Murithi, and Isami Kinoshita. "Evaluating the Significance of Car-Free Streets in Developing Countries: The case of Nairobi, Kenya." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 14 (November 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i14.162.
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Central Business Districts (CBDs) in developing countries continue to experience adverse effects of automobile dominance but most car-free initiatives are concentrated in developed countries. This study evaluates the significance of car-free streets in developing countries by evaluating perceptions of street users and the priorities of key decision makers in Nairobi, Kenya. Based on structured interviews, the results indicate differences in perceptions towards safety comfort and connectivity in varying traffic conditions. From in-depth interviews, it is clear that decision makers have focused on smooth flow and parking of automobiles, order, and security of adjacent premises while side-lining the affairs of pedestrians.Keywords: Car-free; pedestrians; livability; StreeteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Fang, Xiyu, Yaxin Wang, Yanyan Han, and Lirong Chen. "Research on Design Method of Security Test Set Based on AUTOSAR OS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012015.
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In recent years, the automobile industry have shown the de-velopment trend of intelligence and networking. OSEK OS, the kind of traditional vehicle control operating system, has the characteristics of static configuration, but it cannot support new industry demands such as ADAS and OTA. Automobiles have become an important part of smart cities, and are currently developing in the direction of intelligence, networking, openness and sharing. However, OSEK OS, the traditional vehicle control operating system, statically configures tasks, alarms and other modules before running, which cannot be changed at runtime. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the needs of intelligent networked vehicles. AUTOSAR OS, the next-generation vehicle control operating system, adds sev-eral new functional modules and security mechanisms and is totally compatible with OSEK OS. In order to verify the re-liability of the new functional modules and security mecha-nisms of AUTOSAR OS, we tests the security mechanisms of VKware OS, which is an open source AUTOSAR OS, and designs a test set that conforms to the specification of AU-TOSAR OS, the test case can also be used for functional and security mechanism test of various AUTOSAR OS.
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Sharma, Dr Neeraj. "Traffic automobile counter using open CV and YOLO." Pharma Innovation 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2019.v8.i2n.25419.
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Стручков, V. Struchkov, Михайлов, and V. Mikhaylov. "THE RESOURCE OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT IN OPEN PIT MINING." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19360.
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The article shows the adverse factors affecting the working conditions of transport equipment in open quarries of the far North, the statistics of their failures because of the destruction of load-bearing nodes. The formation of cracks in the frames of heavy-duty dump trucks occurs mainly by the mechanism of fatigue in areas of stress concentration. There is a difference in the run up to the appearance of cracks for dump trucks BelAZ-75306 and BelAZ-75131. Their reliability is lower than other foreign counterparts. The complexity of the repair work is twice the complexity of the repair of dump trucks of similar capacity. In article given the basic requirements to the repair welded joints.
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Zinurov, V. E., V. V. Kharkov, I. N. Madyshev, O. S. Dmitrieva, and N. Z. Dubkova. "Improved dusty gas cleaning in open-cast automobile transport." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012141.
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Abstract Service life extension of internal combustion engines is an urgent task for open-cast automobile transport. Dust contamination of oil and constructive elements of the internal combustion engine accelerates its wear and tear, resulting in breakage. The authors developed a separation device with sections of double-T elements as a replacement for the first stage cleaning device in open-cast automobile transport. Numerical results show that the proposed separation device provides gas cleaning with high efficiency from fine, medium, and coarse solid particles. The use of this device improved the overall efficiency of gas cleaning and extended the service life of the fine filter, which has a positive effect on the internal combustion engine. Studies have shown that the separation device has an average efficiency of 81.2% with the following parameters: dust particle size 5–20 μm, dust particle density 1000–7000 kg/m3, inlet gas velocity 3–15 m/s.
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FENG Qi-bin, 冯奇斌, 武晨晨 WU Chen-chen, 李德华 LI De-hua, 王. 梓. WANG Zi, and 吕国强 L Guo-qiang. "Design of optical brightness enhancement film for direct-lit backlight in automobile head-up display." Optics and Precision Engineering 27, no. 7 (2019): 1426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20192707.1426.
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PAN, Ruizhi, Tao LIN, Chao LI, and Bo HU. "Research on multi size automobile rim weld detection and positioning system based on depth learning." Optics and Precision Engineering 31, no. 8 (2023): 1174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/ope.20233108.1174.
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Wang, Yiping, Zhenxia Du, Yun Zhang, Lili Zhou, and Wenlian Yu. "Development of a rapid detection method for eight organophosphate esters in plastic samples from automobile interiors using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with microwave assisted extraction." Analytical Methods 7, no. 23 (2015): 9861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02077h.
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Blesa, Angel, David Íñiguez, Rubén Moreno, and Gonzalo Ruiz. "Use of open data to improve automobile insurance premium rating." International Journal of Market Research 62, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785319862734.
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An analysis was performed on millions of quotes by a number of insurance companies, covering a major part of the automobile insurance market in Spain. As expected, it was observed that the range of prices can be partially explained by the variables directly associated with the risk being insured in each case (vehicle specifications, age, driver experience, etc.), although there are considerable differences in some cases that are not explained by the said variables and that have a strong dependency on the geographical location of the risk. By using context data from open sources associated with the different Spanish provinces (vehicle fleet, climate, socio-economic data, among others), the premium estimation models are complemented and the price differences are better explained. The use of this type of data and models can help insurance companies to adapt their premium rating and identify possible market opportunities.
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Varrasi, John. "Wheeling and Dealing." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 04 (April 1, 2005): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-apr-3.
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This article highlights the inventiveness of engineers that made the auto trade big business in the early 20th century. While lacking the fame and name recognition of others in the US automobile business around the time of World War I, Lloyd R. Smith’s contribution to the industry was major. The A.O. Smith frame plant stands as a vivid case study on the role of engineering and technical innovation in the emergence and growth of the automobile industry. At the start of the 20th century, the gasoline engine initially competed for popularity with the electric motor, which was used on French and English roads. The electric motor was cleaner and easier to shift. It was considered more reliable and safer. The story of the automobile is told around images and symbols of speed and power, beauty and elegance, freedom and open roads. For ASME and the mechanical engineering community, the automobile is also about technological progress and engineering achievement beginning with the 20th century and building for a100 years.
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Larose, Robert. "La traduction à quatre roues." Meta 40, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003408ar.
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Abstract Translation has been associated to traitors, mirors, unfaithful women... and, more recently, to a large-scale means of mass transportation: the automobile. But is translation a four-wheel drive? How does one go about approching his/her object of inquiry, whether it be an automobile or translation? What are the access roads, the bumps and dead ends? Shouldn't researchers take a driver's seat approach to the open road? Finally, is translation merely a vehicule for traveling between places, or can it also be a metonymical figure for something else?
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Chybík, Josef. "Automobile in the Disposition of Energy-Saving Houses." Advanced Engineering Forum 12 (November 2014): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.12.158.
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In the disposition of energetically economic houses, automobile abandons its stereotype held for so many years according to which it was placed to rest “under one roof” with other residential and utility rooms. However, this diagram shows a range of collisions manifesting with difficult building details, with occurrence of thermal bridges and thermal relations. This results in increased financial demands for drafting efficient thermal insulation layers or higher demand for energy consumption necessary to heat up the building. Generally, architects and structural engineers are not sufficiently aware of the fact that at the same time this is a factor that provides higher potential for faster ageing of car bodies and chassis when cars are parked “inside the house” than in means of transport parked in open carports or in an open space. This Paper deals with analyses of this important, yet often omitted or less-known fact.
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Böhler, Gunnar, Uwe Dieter Grebe, Torsten Löhnert, Manfred Pöpperl, and Klaus Steffens. "The new 1.8 I four-cylinder spark ignition engine for Opel automobiles." MTZ worldwide 66, no. 4 (April 2005): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227745.
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Li, De Jun, and Xiao Hui Ma. "The Binocular Measuring System Research Based on OpenCV." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.898.
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Along with the economical development, the automobile enhances unceasingly in our country's inventory. The automobile profession takes the national support the pillar industry, has the very big promoter action to national economy's development. In recent years, the independent road sense's research and the application in domestic and foreign developed rapidly, was honored as the automobile profession the next technological revolution. This topic basis independent road sense's demand, studied one kind to be possible to use in independent driving the range measuring system. This system take the binocular range finder as a principle, may supply around the automobile body the object distance information, the precise periphery object distance information is the independent road sense foundation, thus this topic research results have the broad application space. Carries on regarding the binocular range finder's analysis under the OpenCV environment, OpenCV takes one kind to open the source the machine vision function storehouse, in the last few years along with the edition renewal, the function strengthened gradually, has involved machine vision nearly all domains. The research on two-sided visual in the OpenCV environment, simplified the binocular vision development step, sped up the development progress.
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Kudrevatykh, Andrey, Andrey Furman, and Andrey Ashcheulov. "Road longitudinal slope influence on the efficiency of excavator-automobile complexes usage." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131501022.
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At present, the country's coal industry pays special attention to the open-pit mining, because of its higher efficiency and profitability. According to various surveys, currently the share of open-pit mining is 50 - 65%, and it will increase to 80 - 85% in the future. The development of an open-pit mining is accompanied by production scale increase, open pits depth increases and complexity of mining conditions of main technological equipment operation increases. With the increase of open pits depth, technological road transport becomes the most problematic issue in mining, since open-pit depth enlargement increases the distance of transportation and roads longitudinal slopes and these factors reduce the efficiency of excavator-automobile complexes.
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JACOBS, PATRICK L., and STEPHEN E. OLVEY. "Metabolic and Heart Rate Responses to Open-Wheel Automobile Road Racing." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 14, no. 2 (May 2000): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200005000-00007.
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Shvetsova, Olga A., Patchara Tanubamrungsuk, and Sangkon Lee. "Organization Leadership in the Automobile Industry: Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital." Open Transportation Journal 15, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802115010016.
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Background: Currently, the issue of a company’s innovative and competitive development is relevant in all areas of activity. The automobile industry, having innovative component as one of the development vectors, is faced with the task of achieving high competitiveness through active innovative learnings. This direction is influenced by Knowledge Management (KM) factors, which have a strong impact on the organizational leadership actions of automobile corporations. The automobile industry in Thailand is considered successful due to fast-driven KM and technology transfer activities. Unfortunately, the growth of the Thai auto industry is directly dependent on the performance of the offices of large international leading corporations; therefore, whether the Thai auto industry will be able to maintain the same marketing position through its own knowledge and technological capabilities is a question. This study analyzes the impact of KM-based organizational leadership in the automotive industry in Thailand using a Korean case study. Our research analyzed the knowledge-driven aspects of the automobile industry of Thailand and South Korea to identify the key factors that have a direct impact on competitiveness through the organizational leadership actions in these two countries. Objective: The study aims at investigating KM factors that influence the organizational leadership development of Korean and Thai automotive companies and evaluating their interdependence using the Cronbach alpha test. Methods: This research is based on statistical data and considers the specifics of the studied industry. It has limitations and uses quantitative data to generate results. The main source of data collection is open source. The test results for each component are organized according to the Cronbach alpha test. Results: Two automobile corporations from the Asian region were investigated. The application of organizational leadership in the technological field of automobile companies and knowledge transferring processes was found; an interdependence between the KM and organizational leadership was discovered as a result. Conclusion: Organization leadership could be used as an application for KM process development within the technological area of automobile companies. These findings can be used by managers to develop strategic programs to improve the knowledge transferring process and the organizational leadership in Asian automobile companies.
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Peredy, Zoltán, Yu Yao, and Balázs Laki. "Innovation Trends of the Chinese Automotive Companies in 2022." Acta Periodica, no. 24 (2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47273/ap.2022.24.4-18.
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Although China ranks first in global production and sales, there is still a gap between the innovation level of the Chinese automobile industry and its potential automobile power. China has to make more efforts to become global-scale leader in the automotive industry. Automotive industry means an industry with high capital, technology intensive and strong industrial relevance. It can not only promote direct and indirect employment and at the same provide tangible contribution to regional GDP production leading remarkable social and economic impacts. With the rapid development of China's automobile industry, it is bound to take the road of autonomy and internationalization, but the global open market and the competition of automobile giants will inevitably bring great challenges to this sector. International leading Chinese automobile enterprises can dominate the global automobile market but to what extend mainly depends on their continuous innovation ability to obtain technical advantages, and then form a strong core competitiveness combined with their resource advantages, brand influence and first mover advantage. In order to survive in the strong market competition and develop sustainably, Chinese automobile enterprises have also improve their innovation ability. Innovation is a complex system engineering. It is a process to form the final product and meet the market demand through systematic market analysis, preliminary research, product planning, development and design, test and trial production. The different ways of combination and configuration of these elements and their structures constitute different modes of innovation. After half a century of development, China's automobile industry has formed a development path with distinctive Chinese characteristics from introduction to independent innovation. Modern enterprise product innovation is a market-oriented system engineering based on the overall concept of products. From the perspective of a single project, product innovation manifested in the breakthrough and improvement of the quality of a technical and economic parameter of the product, including the development of new products and the improvement of old products complemented by minimizing the costs of production exploiting the existing capacities much better. From the overall investigation, product innovation runs through the whole process of product conception, design, trial production and marketing. It is a three-dimensional combined innovation of functional innovation, form innovation and service innovation. In such an external environment, it is particularly important to carefully analyse the problems, advantages and disadvantages of China's automobile industry innovation and choose the correct strategic model, which is the main focal point of this review paper.
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Baek, Bok H., Rizzieri Pedruzzi, Minwoo Park, Chi-Tsan Wang, Younha Kim, Chul-Han Song, and Jung-Hun Woo. "The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) – a Python-based automobile emissions inventory model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 12 (June 21, 2022): 4757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4757-2022.
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Abstract. The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) is an open-source Python-based automobile emissions inventory model designed to efficiently estimate high-quality emissions from motor vehicle emission sources. It can estimate air pollutant, greenhouse gas, and air toxin criteria at any spatial resolution based on the spatiotemporal resolutions of input datasets. The CARS is designed to utilize local vehicle activity data, such as vehicle travel distance, road-link-level network geographic information system (GIS) information, and vehicle-specific average speed by road type, to generate an automobile emissions inventory for policymakers, stakeholders, and the air quality modeling community. The CARS model adopted the European Environment Agency's on-road automobile emissions calculation methodologies to estimate the hot exhaust, cold start, and evaporative emissions from on-road automobile sources. It can optionally utilize average speed distribution (ASD) of all road types to reflect more realistic vehicle speed variations. In addition, through utilizing high-resolution road GIS data, the CARS can estimate the road-link-level emissions to improve the inventory's spatial resolution. When we compared the official 2015 national mobile emissions from Korea's Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) against the ones estimated by the CARS, there is a significant increase in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (33 %) and carbon monoxide (CO) (52 %) measured, with a slight increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (15 %) emissions. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) measurements are reduced by 24 % and 17 %, respectively, in the CARS estimates. The main differences are driven by different vehicle activities and the incorporation of road-specific ASD, which plays a critical role in hot exhaust emission estimates but was not implemented in Korea's CAPSS mobile emissions inventory. While 52 % of vehicles use gasoline fuel and 35 % use diesel, gasoline vehicles only contribute 7.7 % of total NOx emissions, whereas diesel vehicles contribute 85.3 %. However, for VOC emissions, gasoline vehicles contribute 52.1 %, whereas diesel vehicles are limited to 23 %. Diesel buses comprise only 0.3 % of vehicles and have the largest contribution to NOx emissions (8.51 % of NOx total) per vehicle due to having longest daily vehicle kilometer travel (VKT). For VOC emissions, compressed natural gas (CNG) buses are the largest contributor at 19.5 % of total VOC emissions. For primary PM2.5, more than 98.5 % is from diesel vehicles. The CARS model's in-depth analysis feature can assist government policymakers and stakeholders in developing the best emission abatement strategies.
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Yu, Miao, Lu Shuai, Jiang Wei Guo, and Jie Fu. "Research on Environmental Durability Testing System for Automobile Engine ECU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2855.
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Based on the principle and specifications of Environmental Durability Test on automobile engine ECU, an open, intelligent and practical ECU durability testing system (EDTS) is designed. The system consisted of a simulation platform and a testing management software. The platform provided stimulating sensor signals and simulation loads, and an online automotive environment was built. The management software sent various instructions to set up the platform and read the ECU running status data. And this EDTS has been applied to test a kind of domestic automobile engine ECU．The experimental results shows that the mean time to failure (MTTF) of ECU samples was improved and the testing period was shortened greatly.
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Brett, Michael. "Question of Sustainability." International Conference on Tourism Research 15, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ictr.15.1.136.
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The Kruger National Park is the largest protected area in South Africa. The park was opened to tourists in 1927 at a time when private automobiles were becoming a feature of South African cities. Since 1927 there has been a 67,879-fold increase in tourists until 2019. The current number of tourists is 1.8 million exceeds that of any other savannah, wildlife-based national park in Africa by at least four-fold and poses the danger of overtourism. The total number of tourists that can be accommodated by accommodation within the Kruger National Park is 7400, which is high for an African national park. The paper examines historic tourist trends and the regional concentration of tourist facilities within the park. Due to its accessibility, the southern region, which comprises 21.9% of the park, receives 73.9% of tourists and has 32.9% of the 2,562-kilometre road network and 49.8% of tourist beds. A survey of members of a social media group found that 90.9% believe the southern region is overdeveloped. Open Safari Vehicles (OSVs) could be part of an Alternative Transportation Programme (ATP) as they transport an average of 5.9 tourists, compared to an average of 2.4 tourists per private automobile. A survey was conducted on the same social media site to ascertain attitudes towards OSVs, which now account for 16.7% of the park’s tourists. A total of 1,320 responses were recorded and 29.24% believed that OSV drivers have no regard for other park users, while others regarded these vehicles as an important contribution to park conservation and management.
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Haridas, Divya, and Vinay Gupta. "Enhanced response characteristics of SnO2-ZnO hetrostructures loaded with nanoscale catalyst clusters for methane gas detection." MRS Proceedings 1454 (2012): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1444.
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ABSTRACTMethane is an important explosive gas, used extensively at the domestic and industrial sites. It is the main constituent of natural gas, which is the main fuel supplied to homes and industries including automobiles. Detection of trace level of methane gas is very important to avoid any accidental explosion due to its leakage and may cause loss of valuable human life and property. The present paper is focused on the development of new sensing material in the form of composites to improve sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Present work shows the enhanced response of SnO2-ZnO composite structures for methane sensing and further increases its sensing response by loading appropriate catalyst on the sensor surface keeping in view of Fermi energy control mechanism and spillover mechanism. A stable sensor response of 77-85 % was obtained for SnO2-ZnO-Pd sensor structure over a wider range of temperature (160-260oC).
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Lel, Iurii, Igor Glebov, Olga Musikhina, Ruslan Ganiev, and Nikolai Khardik. "Energy method of assessing and systematizing open pit automobile transport operating conditions." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 8 (December 21, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-8-14-25.
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Research aim is to develop the method of assessing and systematizing open pit automobile transport operating conditions. Research relevance. Pit depth growth and the introduction of modern models of dump trucks capable of working on 18–24% slopes complicate the conditions of industrial vehicles operation. In this regard, the development of the method and indicators of rock mass transportation difficulty becomes relevant as well as the systematization of vehicles operation conditions. Research methodology. The method of evaluating the difficulty of transportation is based on calculating diesel consumption per one haul cycle and reducing the actual length of the route to the relative horizontal distance with the use of rock mass vertical haul horizontal equivalents. Experimental and analytical dependences for horizontal equivalents have been determined. As a criterion of transportation difficulty evaluation, the use of operation conditions difficulty coefficient has been substantiated showing how many times truck’s power consumption when moving along the real route is higher than power consumption when moving along the horizontal macadamized route of the same length. Results. As a result of the research, the method of assessing and systematizing the operation conditions of open pit automobile transport. It has been determined that maximum values for conditions difficulty ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 8, 2020 25 coefficients for the trucks with 4 × 2 wheel configuration are 2.6–3.0, and for all-wheel drive trucks – 5.0–6.5. By the difficulty coefficient, all operating conditions are divided into 5 classes (relatively easy, medium, difficult, very difficult, and extremely difficult). It has been determined that operating conditions in the most of diamond-mining open pits of ALROSA PJSC refer to class 3 and 4 (difficult and very difficult). The introduction of the all-wheel drive trucks will go along with the transition of operating conditions to class 5 (extremely difficult). For most of Ural pits classes 2 and 3 are typical (medium and difficult). Scope of results. Research results are to be used in open pit automobile transport design and operation when assessing and systematizing operating conditions, in technological calculations when regulating and planning diesel consumption and dump trucks capacity, and when correcting the regulatory standards of maintenance support, etc.
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Katzourakis, D. I., I. Papaefstathiou, and M. G. Lagoudakis. "An Open-Source Scaled Automobile Platform for Fault-Tolerant Electronic Stability Control." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 59, no. 9 (September 2010): 2303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2034575.
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Brown, Alan S. "The Many Favours of Open." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 03 (March 1, 2000): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-mar-1.
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This article highlights that a National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) studies the problems in exchanging CAD models that makes at least $1 billion in profits from the US automotive industry every year. CAD has long been familiar to most engineers and designers. CAD systems design, model, and maintain engineering representations. The resulting models may describe something as simple as a screw or beam, or as complex as an automobile or aircraft. Companies now test and revise designs before building even a single physical mockup. CAD developers are discovering a demand for more interoperable programs. Private developers are rushing into the breach with a variety of programs that enable users to begin managing translation and healing. It is certainly a step in the right direction—and one that may eventually allow companies and their collaborators, customers, and suppliers to work together to design, analyze, simulate, test, manufacture, and assemble products electronically before anyone bends the first piece of metal.
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Li, Wanqiang, Hong Hu, and Jie Zhou. "Design Method of Intelligent Touchpoint: Intelligent Auto-Loading Cargo Transport Vehicle for Automobile Passenger Transportation." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (July 12, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4563307.
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The integration of passenger and cargo transportation has become a new profit development point in the transformation of automotive passenger transport services, and cargo vehicles are a major service touchpoint for the integrated passenger and cargo transport system. This study presents a set of intelligent service touchpoint design principles with intelligent perception, connection, analysis, decision-making, and execution, to innovate the integrated intelligent service system of automobile passenger and cargo transportation, and intelligent self-loading and unloading cargo transport. Based on the field data of cargo transport services of five automobile passenger stations in China, the problems are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of service facilities, content, price, and process, and ultimately form an intelligent service system integrating automobile passenger and cargo transportation. Next, the proposed system is analyzed and compared with five existing intelligent consignment products, and target tasks and requirements of cargo transport vehicles are extracted. The system realizes the usability evaluation of the functional prototype through the combination of open-source hardware, Arduino platform, and mechanical transmission structure, and verifies the availability of the design principles of intelligent service touchpoints.
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Li, Song, Jiantao Bai, Xinchen Wang, Limin Song, Kai Luo, and Wenjie Zuo. "Equivalent substitution criteria of aluminum for steel and its application in automobile structures." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 2020): 168781402091122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020911228.
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Lightweight automobile body structure, made of aluminum, can extend the endurance mileage of electric automobile. However, the mechanisms for the application of aluminum in automobile body structure are not clear until now. The main contribution of this work is to propose a method of equivalent substitution criteria of aluminum for steel. This method researches small deformation and large deformation under bending mode. First, formulations of cross-sectional properties, including open, single-cell, double-cell, three-cell, and four-cell sections, are derived, and equivalent substitution criteria in the case of small deformation, which include equal stiffness design and equal strength design, are initially proposed. Second, in the case of large deformation, the steel circular tube and channel tube are substituted by aluminum tube under equivalent stiffness. The bending resistance of five types of tubes, including rectangular hollow section, rectangular hollow section with double-cell, rectangular hollow section with triple-cell, mild steel, and high-strength steel tube, are, respectively, compared considering crashworthiness under equal mass. Third, the side frame and chassis frame examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is universal and can also be applied in aerospace structures.
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Hasylin, Hazimah, Khadizah H. Abdul-Mumin, Pg-Khalifah Pg-Hj-Ismail, Ashish Trivedi, and Kyaw Naing Win. "A Preliminary Assessment of Health and Safety in the Automobile Industry in Brunei Darussalam: Workers’ Knowledge and Practice of Organic Solvents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315469.
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Automobile industries worldwide extensively use organic solvents. Yet, limited studies have examined the health and safety of handling these solvents, which can only be assured if workers have appropriate knowledge and demonstrate safe practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted to preliminary explore the knowledge and practice among workers who are involved in handling organic solvents in the automobile industry in the largest urban district in Brunei Darussalam. Qualitative data were sourced from open-ended questions, observations, and pictorial evidence through still photographs. Quantitative analysis showed that 75% of the workers practice reading labels, 94.1% use fully covered clothes, 82.4% wear gloves, and 98.5% practice proper hand washing. Furthermore, 98.5% of workers cover container lids. The qualitative analysis illustrated that workers have general knowledge of materials containing solvents but could not identify the exact solvents, the harmful effects of the solvents, pathophysiology, and harmful effects on specific body systems. Health and safety were found to be practiced, albeit not consistently. Health and Safety Authorities in Brunei Darussalam must review and enforce specific policies on the use of organic solvents so that they can be practiced consistently and safely in the automobile industry. Cooperation and collaboration in adhering to the policies are mandatory to ensure health and safety at work.
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Sakata, Toshio, and Nozomi Iida. "Analysis of automobile wind noise by an open-type single-return water tunnel." JOURNAL OF THE FLOW VISUALIZATION SOCIETY OF JAPAN 6, no. 22 (1986): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs1981.6.423.
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Kent, Richard W., Dmitry V. Balandin, Nikolai N. Bolotnik, Walter D. Pilkey, and Sergey V. Purtsezov. "Optimal Control of Restraint Forces in an Automobile Impact." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 4 (October 25, 2006): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2718240.
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This study concerns a concept for an optimal control of the force developed in an automotive restraint system during a frontal impact. The concept is close to that of “smart” restraint systems and involves continuous control of the restraint force by moving the point of attachment of the restraint system to the vehicle or retracting and releasing the seat belts. The analytical foundation for the control of the restraining force does not appear to have been formulated prior to this study. The control design involves the limiting performance analysis of the isolation of an occupant from the crash impact and the formation of a feedback to sustain the open-loop control law that provides the limiting performance. Initially, the problem is outlined using a single-degree-of-freedom system and solved for optimal isolator characteristics. This exercise shows that the optimal force is constant and that the performance of a restraint system behaving as a linear spring is half as effective as the optimal. The methodology is then applied to a published thoracic model having multiple degrees of freedom. A set of functionals is defined as constraints corresponding to injury criteria and the displacement of the occupant relative to the vehicle. The characteristics of the optimal isolator force are then determined. It is shown that this force has a short-duration period of high magnitude early in the profile, followed by an interval of nearly constant force. Next it is shown that a restraint behaving as a linear spring can generate the optimal control force if its attachment point in the vehicle is allowed to move. The design of the control law for this motion involves the determination of an optimal open-loop control and the formation of a feedback to sustain this control. Forms for both of these are presented. A substantial improvement in the behavior of an automobile occupant’s restraint systems can be anticipated from an active control of the seat belt retraction.
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Adablanu, Selorm. "Review on Automatic Smart Car Parking System." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i08.006.
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The purpose of this study is to provide an automated, user-friendly, and dependable parking system. Even if parking spots are known, many cars may chase them down, severely clogging the roads. In this study, we build and put into practice a smart parking system prototype. The suggested system has three operating modes: ON, OFF, and EMERGENCY. Through an IR sensor, the system was able to detect the presence of the automobiles blocking the main parking entrance. These IR sensors output data to the PLC (programmable logic controller). A worldwide trend is moving toward automatic automobile parking systems to determine precisely how much space is available for cars and to collect money as parking fees due to a scarcity of parking places and trained personnel. This new plan enhances the present auto parking system's dependability, and it can be readily put into place since it is highly cost-effective—using solar panels to provide all of its power—and the inexpensive IR sensor lowers the overall implementation cost. This type of equipment is important to address the issue of a lack of parking space in crowded cities since it is completely automated and assigns each user a unique ID that corresponds to the trolley that is assigned to them. The proportion of Indians who own cars and motorbikes has lately grown, boosting metropolitan traffic, as a result of changing economic behavior and an improvement in living standards. In order to facilitate the transportation network and guarantee the quality of urban life, parking difficulties will present a significant obstacle. In most major cities, it can be challenging for drivers to find a parking spot, especially during rush hour. The problem comes from not knowing where the open spots could be at that moment.
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Godson, John Abraham. "Is this the end of the OPEC cartel?" Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-009-0013-8.
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In looking at various circumstances surrounding the OPEC and the present economic crisis, one can come to a conclusion that this is the end of OPEC. This hypothesis could be supported by such factors as, falling OPEC share in the oil market, President Barack Obama’s new energy policy for the United States, depleting oil reserves and the increasing worries about environmental protection. Despite these factors, it seems that the most possible scenario would be the continued strong influence of OPEC on oil prices, albeit weakened. The above hypothesis is supported by fluctuation in oil prices, rising oil demands in emerging economies like China, the dominating influence of the automobile lobby, the negative effect of bio-fuel on agriculture and finally, the underdeveloped nature of many developing countries, which in turn mean dependent on oil for years to come.
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Ms. Monika Soni. "Algorithmic Methodology Based Automobile Theft Detection and Prevention System." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 2, no. 03 (September 30, 2013): 06–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v2i03.18.
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To prevent and identifying the theft problem, smart car is an ultimate solution. When a person enters into car, automatically takes the photos of driver .Using Principal Component analysis algorithm, checks the photos of driver already stored in the database and decide the person is authorized or unauthorized. If the person is authorized, the person can access the vehicle. When the person is unauthorized. Using GSM and MMS modem, send messages to the user’s mobile number and then the car speed gets slow down. The ignition unit of the car can stops and the door cannot open. Using GPS, the location of the car and thief can easily identified using algorithmic approach. Any facial expressions and background conditions can changes in images, detection cannot takes place. To avoid this problem, face recognition and face detection algorithm can be used.
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Hama, Jakob. "Missed Foreign Body Falsely Interpreted as Glass in Surgery." Annals of Radiology 5, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52338/aor.2024.3927.
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Retained foreign bodies (FBs) in soft tissues are typically a complication of open wounds from trauma, accidents, and surgery, for which plenty of patients seek acute medical care. The importance of localizing these FBs is vital to patient health because it reduces the detrimental complications of loss of function, local tissue damage, infection, and sepsis. In today’s modern age, many automobile taillights are composed of three components:
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Jain, Pallavi, Akash Kumar Sahoo, and Abdullah Nawroj. "Glare Handling on Automobiles using IoT." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 10, 2022): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/48.
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The full power of the headlights of the cars at night causes accidents on highways and large and small roads. If one side is moving with a full headlight and a car with a beam or full light comes from the other side. So, this problem can have a bad effect on the human eye. And causes the eye to stare or the eye not to open at all, which eliminates the possibility of controlling both sides and causes an accident. Our proposed solution is to create a device which will make use of brightness sensor to detect the presence of light in an area and the signal will be passed to the microcontroller which will control the light beam of headlamps from high beam to mid beam. When two cars come from opposite direction in the dark, a signal is sent from the sensor to the microcontroller present inside the device of the car which will low down the high beam of headlamps to mid beam in both the carsassist.
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Kelechi Chidiebere Ihemereze, Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo, Blessed Afeyokalo Egbokhaebho, Chibuike Daraojimba, Uneku Ikwue, and Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo. "IMPACT OF MONETARY INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE NIGERIAN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR: A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Economics 5, no. 7 (September 8, 2023): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v5i7.548.
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This study delves into the intricate relationship between monetary incentives and workers' performance within the context of the Nigerian Automobile Industry. The objective is to discern the impact of various monetary incentive factors on employee performance while also investigating potential areas for enhancement. Through a meticulous examination of 120 completed questionnaires, the study identifies prevailing trends and disparities in the perception of monetary incentives among industry workers. The findings unveil a nuanced understanding of employees' familiarity with the elements and factors of monetary incentives, highlighting their comprehension of how these variables intertwine with their workplace performance. A critical observation is made concerning the incongruence between the societal image associated with workers within the Automobile Industry and the current salary structures. It becomes evident that salary adjustments are not conducted in alignment with the benchmarks established by the Salaries and Wages Commission. A compelling revelation surfaces as the study underscores the paramount influence of Bonus payments and pay raises on employees' motivation and job satisfaction. These two factors emerge as significant determinants of enhanced performance, with most workers acknowledging their pivotal role. In contrast, the practice of Profit Sharing within the industry is not commonplace, and concerns regarding transparency shadow instances that do exist. This unveils a compelling demand for a more open and equitable Profit-Sharing system capable of invigorating workers' enthusiasm. Moreover, the study illuminates the inadequacies of the Retirement Benefits framework, indicating a palpable need for its augmentation to elevate employee contentment and performance. The research substantiates the hypothesis that monetary Incentives encompassing Salary, Bonus, pay rate, profit-sharing, and Retirement Benefits significantly influence workers' performance within the Nigerian Automobile Industry. In conclusion, the study proffers strategic recommendations to fortify the bond between monetary incentives and employee performance. Embracing transparency, ensuring timely salary reviews and bonus disbursements, implementing performance-based pay rise policies, enhancing retirement benefits, and upholding transparency in monetary incentive processes are identified as pivotal actions that can stimulate heightened motivation, job satisfaction, and ultimately, superior performance within the Nigerian Automobile Industry.
Keywords: Monetary Incentives, Employee Performance, Nigerian Automobile Industry, Job Satisfaction, Intrinsic Motivation, Career Development, Human Resources Management, Pay Rise.