Academic literature on the topic 'Open and closed kinetic chain exercise'
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Journal articles on the topic "Open and closed kinetic chain exercise"
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Wilk, Kevin E., Christopher A. Arrigo, and James R. Andrews. "Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercise for the Upper Extremity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (February 1996): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.5.1.88.
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The use of closed kinetic chain exercise has grown in the past several years. Closed kinetic chain exercises for the lower extremity have been firmly established in the literature and have been strongly recommended as an integral part of rehabilitation of the patient with anterior cruciate ligament injury. While the scientific and clinical rationale for using closed kinetic chain exercise for the lower extremity appears obvious, the scientific rationale for using closed kinetic chain exercise for the upper extremity is less clear. The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss the scientific rationale for closed kinetic chain for the upper extremity patient. In addition, exercise drills to enhance dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint are discussed, and a rationale for using these exercises for specific glenohumeral joint pathologies is provided. The concepts of closed and open kinetic chain as applied to the lower extremity may not apply to the upper extremity due to the unique anatomical and biomechanical features as well as the function of the shoulder. It is recommended that clinicians use both closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises when treating the shoulder patient.
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Findley, Brian W., and Lee Brown. "Open-Versus Closed-Kinetic Chain Exercise." Strength and Conditioning Journal 21, no. 4 (August 1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-199908000-00008.
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Mustafa, Misbah, Ishrat Fatima, Afeera Tariq, Muhammad Irfan Fazal, Muhammad Nauman Jamal, and Ahmad Humayun Sarfraz. "Comparison between the Effect of Closed Kinetic Chain and Open Kinetic Chain exercises in the strengthening of Vastus Medialis Obliqus in subjects with Patello-Femoral Pain Syndrome - a randomized control trial." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 29, 2022): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166185.
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Aim: To compare the effects of closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises in the strengthening of vastus medialis obliqus in subjects with Patello-femoral pain syndrome. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial. It was conducted to compare the impact of open and closed kinetic chain exercises to strengthen the Vastus medialis obliqus in PFPS patients. For this purpose, 36 patients both males and females with age 20-40 years having PFPS were allocated randomly to two experimental (group A and group B) and one control group C. Group A, practised open kinetic chain exercises and the second group B practiced closed kinetic chain exercises, the control group C was given general physical therapy exercises, for four weeks. The assessment of Pain and function of the individual taking part in this study were was done before starting the treatment, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks, using Numerical Pain rating scale and Kujala Anterior knee pain scale, respectively. Results: In conclusion, significant changes i.e. in alleviating pain and enhancing overall functionality has been seen in Group B that performed closed kinetic chain exercises for about 4 weeks. Similarly, there was also a remarked change in pain reduction besides improved function in group A and group C. By comparing all the three groups, significant advantage has been noted with closed kinetic chain exercises as compared to open kinetic chain and conventional PT techniques. Conclusion: Although, both exercise regimens were significant in pain reduction and enhancing function, but close kinetic chain exercises produced remarkable effects. Keywords: Closed kinetic chain exercises, Function Open kinetic chain exercises, Pain, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, PFPS.
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BERAMPU, SURYA SYAHPUTRA. "PENGARUH CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE DAN OPEN KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL PADA PASIEN OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM TAHUN 2022." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v2i2.343.
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Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative condition among the elderly. Functional disorders are caused by knee osteoarthritis. A person with osteoarthritis knee typically experiences pain, stiffness, and a decrease in functional activity as a result of limited function. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise on increasing functional activity in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. This is a quasi-experimental type of study. To compare two intervention groups, a two-group pre-test post-test research design was used. In addition, WOMAC is being used to assess functional ability. Exercises should be done twice a week for four weeks. Effect analysis using the paired T-test in treatment groups 1 and 2. The paired T-test on closed kinetic chain exercise and open kinetic chain exercise yielded the same result, P = 0.000 (p0.05), indicating that functional ability influences before and after treatment. Meanwhile, an independent t-test resulted in a value of p = 0.153 (p>0.05), indicating that there are differences in the influence of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain on increasing functional ability in patients with osteoarthritis knee. Open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise have different effects on improving functional ability in people with osteoarthritis knee.
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Dolan, Michael G. "Open Kinetic Chain versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise after ACL Injury." Athletic Therapy Today 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.15.3.8.
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Wilk, Kevin E., Naiquan Zheng, Glenn S. Fleisig, James R. Andrews, and William G. Clancy. "Kinetic Chain Exercise: Implications for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Patient." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 6, no. 2 (May 1997): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.6.2.125.
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Closed kinetic chain exercise has become popular in rehabilitation of the ACL patient. While many clinicians agree on the benefits of closed kinetic chain exercise, there is great discrepancy as to which exercises fit this category. This discrepancy stems from the fact that the kinetic chain concept was originally developed using mechanical engineering concepts and not human kinesiology. In this paper, the kinetic chain concept is redefined in a continuum of lower extremity exercises from closed kinetic chain to open kinetic chain. The placement of an exercise in this continuum is based upon joint kinematics, quadriceps and hamstring muscle activity, cruciate ligament stress, and joint weight-bearing load. An understanding of these factors can help the clinician design a comprehensive and effective rehabilitation program for the ACL patient.
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Findley, Brian W. "POINT/COUNTERPOINT: Open–Versus Closed–Kinetic Chain Exercise." Strength and Conditioning Journal 21, no. 4 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(1999)021<0039:ovckce>2.0.co;2.
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Lansky, Richard C. "POINT/COUNTERPOINT: Open–Versus Closed–Kinetic Chain Exercise." Strength and Conditioning Journal 21, no. 4 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(1999)021<0040:>2.0.co;2.
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Snyder-Mackler, Lynn. "Scientific Rationale and Physiological Basis for the Use of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise in the Lower Extremity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (February 1996): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.5.1.2.
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Closed kinetic chain exercise is a common component of lower extremity rehabilitation. It has virtually replaced open kinetic chain exercise in the treatment of some conditions. In this paper, anatomy and physiology as they relate to closed chain exercise are examined to elucidate its unique contributions to rehabilitation. Claims made about the specificity, functionality, and safety of closed kinetic chain exercise are discussed. Muscle action, the stretch–shortening cycle, joint position sense, and clinical cases are used to illustrate the distinct role of closed kinetic chain exercise in rehabilitation.
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Šmite, Daina, Irēna Upeniece, Agnese Runce, and Helena Gapeyeva. "ACTIVITY OF SCAPULAR MUSCLES: COMPARISON OF OPEN AND CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2422.
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The function of the shoulder region and cervical spine are regulated by the motor control of the scapula. It is important to selectively activate weak muscles and minimally involve tense muscles to improve scapular motor control. The objective of this study was to compare the activity of scapular muscles and the intramuscular balance during various open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Methods: This study included 20 female sedentary office workers. A surface electromyography was used to analyze the activity of the scapular muscle in the correct exercise starting position and during 6 different exercises. Additionally, the optimal intramuscular balance was examined. Results and conclusions: Open kinetic chain exercises is more suitable than closed kinetic chain exercises for training scapular active stability. Horizontal shoulder abduction with external rotation (scapula retraction and internal rotation) while in the prone position was optimal and could be recommended (as well as its modifications with a resistance band) for training programs to improve scapula active stability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open and closed kinetic chain exercise"
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Lust, Kathleen R. "The effects of a six week open kinetic chain/closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain/closed kinetic chain/core stability strengthening program in baseball." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5173.
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Wood, Kelsi Julen. "THE EFFECTS OF CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN AND OPEN KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE ON HIP MUSCULATURE STRENGTH AND TIMING IN FEMALES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1469999167.
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Heijne, Annette. "Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon or hamstring grafts : open and closed kinetic chain exercises /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-126-5/.
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Mulligan, Tessa Marie. "What are the Effects of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Knee Laxity, Functional Performance, Self-Report Function Questionnaires, and Muscle Strength of ACL Deficient or Reconstructed Patients? A Systematic Review." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524153672782129.
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Li, Che Tin Raymond. "The stability of EMG median frequency under different muscle contraction conditions and following anterior cruciate ligament injury." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15968/1/Che_Tin_Raymond_Li_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal injuries are commonly associated with muscle atrophy as a function of immobilization or change of normal function.
For example, injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) which may involve ligament reconstruction, results in the "quadriceps
avoidance" gait which leads to atrophy of the knee extensormuscles. In these situations it is not clear whether or not the atrophy is associated with loss of specific muscle fibre types with accompanying functional deficits. Such knowledge would be helpful in implementing exercise regimes designed to compensate for loss of particular fibre types. It is believed that isokinetic exercise performed at speeds below 180° per second strengthens type I muscle fibres, and type II fibres at fast speeds. However, there is no evidence to indicate the specific muscle fibre response to different rates of muscle contraction. Identification of muscle fibre type is most directly determined by biopsy technique but is too invasive for a routine measurement. Electromyography median
frequency has been used as a non-invasive measure to infer muscle fibre composition in various studies. However, the reliability and
accuracy of this technique has been questioned and improvement is necessary.
This research was designed to provide a more accurate and reliable protocol for the determination of EMG median frequency which may
be used, after validation against more direct biopsy techniques, as a routine method for inferring muscle fibre composition. The
investigation also explored the muscular response as measured by EMG median frequency to varying speeds of muscle contraction,
fatiguing exercise and atrophy following ACL reconstruction. The ultimate aim of this research was to improve the reliability of the
determination of EMG median frequency to enhance its application as a predictor of muscle fibre composition. This provides information which may improve ACL rehabilitation programs designed to restore and prevent specific muscle fibre types loss that have not previously been targeted by current rehabilitation programs. This research was conducted in three studies.
Study one determined the stability of the EMG median frequency bilaterally for the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles and identified the mode of contraction associated with the greatest
reliability. The strength and EMG median frequency of the vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings and vastus medialis of 55 subjects was
determined across 5 speeds from 0° to 240° per second using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and an EMG data acquisition system. Isometric contraction was found to have the least bilateral discrepancy (4.01% ±3.06) and between trials standard deviation (4.50) in the vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings and vastus medialis.
Study two investigated the EMG median frequency changes in the vastus lateralis which occur immediately following different speeds of isokinetic exercise to the point of fatigue in normal subjects. Thirty-four subjects participated in the study, and performed a 90-second period of isokinetic exercise to activate the knee extensors at either 30° or 300° per second. EMG median frequency of the vastus lateralis was determined before, immediately
after and 7 minutes after the fatiguing exercise. The percentage drop in EMG median frequency of the vastus medialis was gnificantly (p<0.05) greater after slow speed (27.9%) than fast speed (20.25%) exercise, while no significant difference was found for the percentage drop in extension torque. Full recovery was found 7 minutes after the fatiguing exercise. By reference to previous research showing a relationship between EMG median
frequency and muscle fibre type, an increase in activation of type I muscle fibres with slow speed exercise and an increase in type II
muscle fibres with fast speed exercise was observed.
Study three identified the changes in EMG median frequency following ACL reconstruction and evaluated the bilateral differences in EMG median frequency of the knee muscles. The relationships between EMG median frequency and the measures of knee functional ability, knee muscle strength, age and time since surgery were also investigated. Twelve subjects who had undergone ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus and gracilis graft 6 to 12
months earlier, participated in the study. EMG median frequency was determined from an 8-second isometric contraction and knee functional ability was assessed using the Cincinnati Rating Scale. Bilateral EMG median frequency shifts were inconsistent among subjects. On the basis of previous research which indicated a
relationship between EMG median frequency and fibre type, no consistent pattern of muscular fibre type atrophy subsequent to ACL reconstruction occurred within 6 to 12 months (ranged from -43 to 57 Hz). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between
the EMG median frequency and the knee functional score and knee extension and flexion torques, age, time since operation and the bilateral differences in EMG median frequency. The results of this investigation will serve to improve the reliability of EMG median frequency across a range of conditions in which it has been
evaluated. Further research is needed to confirm the relationship between EMG median frequency and direct observations of muscle fibre composition to improve the predictive value of this measure. Following this validation it will be possible to evaluate the bilateral EMG median frequency shift to infer the type of muscle fibre atrophy, and use this measure in determining the efficacy of specific rehabilitation programs.
In conclusion
* An 8-second isometric contraction is recommended for determining EMG median frequency.
* EMG median frequency of a muscle decreases significantly more after slow fatiguing exercise than after fast speed fatiguing exercise.
* There was no generalised bilateral EMG median frequency shift found in a group of subjects 6 to 12 months following semitendinosus and gracilis graft ACL reconstruction.
* The results of this study will serve to improve the reliability of procedures used to determine EMG median frequency under a range of different contractile conditions. The EMG median
frequency changes in response to these conditions require further validations with muscle biopsy in future.
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Li, Che Tin Raymond. "The stability of EMG median frequency under different muscle contraction conditions and following anterior cruciate ligament injury." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15968/.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal injuries are commonly associated with muscle atrophy as a function of immobilization or change of normal function. For example, injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) which may involve ligament reconstruction, results in the "quadriceps avoidance" gait which leads to atrophy of the knee extensormuscles. In these situations it is not clear whether or not the atrophy is associated with loss of specific muscle fibre types with accompanying functional deficits. Such knowledge would be helpful in implementing exercise regimes designed to compensate for loss of particular fibre types. It is believed that isokinetic exercise performed at speeds below 180° per second strengthens type I muscle fibres, and type II fibres at fast speeds. However, there is no evidence to indicate the specific muscle fibre response to different rates of muscle contraction. Identification of muscle fibre type is most directly determined by biopsy technique but is too invasive for a routine measurement. Electromyography median frequency has been used as a non-invasive measure to infer muscle fibre composition in various studies. However, the reliability and accuracy of this technique has been questioned and improvement is necessary. This research was designed to provide a more accurate and reliable protocol for the determination of EMG median frequency which may be used, after validation against more direct biopsy techniques, as a routine method for inferring muscle fibre composition. The investigation also explored the muscular response as measured by EMG median frequency to varying speeds of muscle contraction, fatiguing exercise and atrophy following ACL reconstruction. The ultimate aim of this research was to improve the reliability of the determination of EMG median frequency to enhance its application as a predictor of muscle fibre composition. This provides information which may improve ACL rehabilitation programs designed to restore and prevent specific muscle fibre types loss that have not previously been targeted by current rehabilitation programs. This research was conducted in three studies. Study one determined the stability of the EMG median frequency bilaterally for the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles and identified the mode of contraction associated with the greatest reliability. The strength and EMG median frequency of the vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings and vastus medialis of 55 subjects was determined across 5 speeds from 0° to 240° per second using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and an EMG data acquisition system. Isometric contraction was found to have the least bilateral discrepancy (4.01% ±3.06) and between trials standard deviation (4.50) in the vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings and vastus medialis. Study two investigated the EMG median frequency changes in the vastus lateralis which occur immediately following different speeds of isokinetic exercise to the point of fatigue in normal subjects. Thirty-four subjects participated in the study, and performed a 90-second period of isokinetic exercise to activate the knee extensors at either 30° or 300° per second. EMG median frequency of the vastus lateralis was determined before, immediately after and 7 minutes after the fatiguing exercise. The percentage drop in EMG median frequency of the vastus medialis was gnificantly (p<0.05) greater after slow speed (27.9%) than fast speed (20.25%) exercise, while no significant difference was found for the percentage drop in extension torque. Full recovery was found 7 minutes after the fatiguing exercise. By reference to previous research showing a relationship between EMG median frequency and muscle fibre type, an increase in activation of type I muscle fibres with slow speed exercise and an increase in type II muscle fibres with fast speed exercise was observed. Study three identified the changes in EMG median frequency following ACL reconstruction and evaluated the bilateral differences in EMG median frequency of the knee muscles. The relationships between EMG median frequency and the measures of knee functional ability, knee muscle strength, age and time since surgery were also investigated. Twelve subjects who had undergone ACL reconstruction using a semitendinosus and gracilis graft 6 to 12 months earlier, participated in the study. EMG median frequency was determined from an 8-second isometric contraction and knee functional ability was assessed using the Cincinnati Rating Scale. Bilateral EMG median frequency shifts were inconsistent among subjects. On the basis of previous research which indicated a relationship between EMG median frequency and fibre type, no consistent pattern of muscular fibre type atrophy subsequent to ACL reconstruction occurred within 6 to 12 months (ranged from -43 to 57 Hz). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between the EMG median frequency and the knee functional score and knee extension and flexion torques, age, time since operation and the bilateral differences in EMG median frequency. The results of this investigation will serve to improve the reliability of EMG median frequency across a range of conditions in which it has been evaluated. Further research is needed to confirm the relationship between EMG median frequency and direct observations of muscle fibre composition to improve the predictive value of this measure. Following this validation it will be possible to evaluate the bilateral EMG median frequency shift to infer the type of muscle fibre atrophy, and use this measure in determining the efficacy of specific rehabilitation programs. In conclusion * An 8-second isometric contraction is recommended for determining EMG median frequency. * EMG median frequency of a muscle decreases significantly more after slow fatiguing exercise than after fast speed fatiguing exercise. * There was no generalised bilateral EMG median frequency shift found in a group of subjects 6 to 12 months following semitendinosus and gracilis graft ACL reconstruction. * The results of this study will serve to improve the reliability of procedures used to determine EMG median frequency under a range of different contractile conditions. The EMG median frequency changes in response to these conditions require further validations with muscle biopsy in future.
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Stoelting, Kelli J. "The effects of hand placement on muscle activation during a closed kinetic chain exercise in physically active females /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1210791395.
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Thesis (M.S.E.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for the Masters of Science Degree in Exercise Science." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography leaves 31-33.
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Stoelting, Kelli. "The effects of hand placement on muscle activation during a closed kinetic chain exercise in physically active females." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1210791395.
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Ferreira, Patrícia Alexandra Silva. "Efeito agudo do alongamento do músculo isquiotibial em cadeia cinética aberta e fechada na amplitude articular da coxo-femoral." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6229.
Full textAbstract:
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: Existem diversos tipos de alongamento. Estes podem ser realizados em cadeia cinética aberta (CCA) e cadeia cinética fechada (CCF). No entanto, não se conhecem estudos que tenham explorado essas diferenças. Objetivo: Avaliar a diferença da amplitude articular, num momento agudo, entre o alongamento realizado em CCA e CCF. Metodologia: Os testes usados para medição da flexibilidade da musculatura dos isquiotibiais neste estudo foram o: Back Saver Seat and Reach (BSSR); 90/90 Straight Leg Raising Test (90/90 SLR) e os testes de flexão e de extensão da coxa femoral. Os dados dos três últimos testes referidos foram inseridos no programa Kinovea para avaliação da amplitude articular. Resultados: após a análise dos dados obtidos, verificou-se que não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente ao BSSR, 90/90 SLR, e teste de flexão e extensão da coxo-femoral com os dois tipos de alongamento realizados. No entanto, ambos os alongamentos produzem aumento da amplitude articular. Conclusão: não existem diferenças significativas na amplitude articular entre a realização do alongamento dos isquiotibiais realizado em CCA e CCF.
Introduction: There are several types of stretching. These can be performed on open kinetic chain (CCA) and closed kinetic chain (CCF). However, there are no known studies that have explored these differences. Objective: To evaluate the difference in articular amplitude, at an acute moment, between the streching performed in CCA and CCF. Methodology: The tests used to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscles in this study were: Back Saver Sit and Reach Test (BSSR); the 90/90 Straight Leg Raising Test (90/90 SLR) and the hip flexion and extension tests. Data from the last three mentioned tests were inserted into the Kinovea program for joint amplitude evaluation. Results: After analyzing the obtained data, it was verified that there are no statistically significant differences in the BSSR, 90/90 SLR and the hip flexion and extension test for the two types of stretching performed. However, both elongations produce increased joint amplitude. Conclusion: there are no significant differences in the joint amplitude between the performance of the hamstring elongation performed in ACC and CCF.
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Nitzsche, Nico. "Die Wirkung eines rehabilitativen Krafttrainings nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik in offenen und geschlossenen Systemen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-67526.
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Knieextensionen im offenen System stellen im Gegensatz zu Beinstreckungen im geschlossenen System eine höhere Belastung durch stärkere Dehnung des vorderen Kreuzbandes dar und könnte für rekonstruierte vordere Kreuzbänder ein Risiko darstellen eine Bandlockerung bzw. eine Ruptur zu provozieren. Ziel dieser prospektiv randomisierten Studie war unter Bedingungen des Gesundheitssystems beide Systeme im Rehabilitationsprozess an Patienten nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik auf dessen Risiko zu untersuchen. 31 Patienten wurden nach vorderer Kreuzbandplastik mittels M.semitendinosus Plastik randomisiert in zwei Trainingsgruppen zugeteilt (TG1=geschlossen: N=13, 32,2±9,5Jahre, 83,6±11,9kg, 1,78±0,08m; TG2=offen: N=18, 27,2±7,1Jahre, 72,9±13,3kg, 1,75±0,07m). Zur Quantifizierung der vorderen Schublade wurde der Lachmanntest mittels Rolimeter eingesetzt. Im Weiteren kamen ein isokinetischer Krafttest (120°/s), Oberschenkelumfangsmessungen, Lysholm Score sowie ein Achterlauf (Anzahl der Runden in 1 Minute) zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse zeigten nach 13±3 verordneten Trainingseinheiten keine signifikanten Veränderungen in der Laxizität der vorderen Schublade beider Gruppen (TG1: prä 8,2±1,6mm, post 7,8±1,8mm; TG2: prä 8,4±1,9mm, post 8,6±1,3mm, p>0,05). Im Hinblick auf die Kraftfähigkeiten der Beuger (TG1: prä 67,4±28,4Nm, post 93,8±27,7Nm; TG2: prä 68,9±23,4Nm, post 93,4±24,9Nm) und Strecker (TG1: prä 74,1±37,4Nm, post 98,1±42,8Nm; TG2: prä 78,7±35,3, post 111,6±41,3Nm) sowie im Lysholm Score (TG1: prä 71,5±23,2, post 77,4±20,9; TG2: prä 74,2±10,9, post 84,7±5,9) lagen hochsignifikante Zunahmen vor (p<0,01). Die Oberschenkelumfänge der operierten Extremität zeigten auf beiden Messpunkten keine signifikanten Veränderungen (p>0,05). Im Achterlauf zeigten beide Trainingsgruppen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Anzahl der gelaufenen Runden (TG1: 9,5±2,1 Runden vs. TG2: 10,7±1,6 Runden, p>0,05). Das Trainingssystem hatte keinen signifikanten Effekt auf die untersuchten Parameter (Anova p>0,05). In Bezug zur Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Lockerung bzw. einer Straffung der Plastik überschritten 2 Patienten der TG2 und 1 Patient der TG1 die kritische Differenz von 2 mm (RR 0,96, 95%KI 0,8-1,2). Neun Patienten (50%) der TG2 und 3 Patienten (23%) der TG1 zeigten eine um 1,7mm reduzierte Laxizität der vorderen Schublade (OR 3,3, 95%KI 0,7-16,3). Schlussfolgernd bleibt festzuhalten, dass offene kinetische Systeme im rehabilitativen Krafttraining kein erhöhtes Risiko darstellen und eine sinnvolle Alternative in der medizinischen Trainingstherapie sein können. Kraftsteigerungen sowie ein Abbau bilateraler Kraftdefizite lassen beide Systeme erwarten, führen aber nicht zu zufriedenstellenden Ergebnissen, dafür scheint der von den Kostenträgern verordnete Interventionszeitraum zu kurz.
Books on the topic "Open and closed kinetic chain exercise"
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Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise: A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple-Joint Exercise. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2001.
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Test-retest study of the Biodex closed kinetic chain attachment for the upper extremity. 1994.
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Test-retest study of the Biodex closed kinetic chain attachment for the upper extremity. 1994.
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Test-retest study of the Biodex closed kinetic chain attachment for the upper extremity. 1994.
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Test-retest study of the Biodex closed kinetic chain attachment for the upper extremity. 1994.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Open and closed kinetic chain exercise"
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Hefzy, Mohamed S., Hongzhi Yang, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, and Mohamad Alkhazim. "Effects of Knee Flexion Angle and Quadriceps Contraction on Hamstrings Co-Contraction." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0270.
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Abstract Open and closed kinetic chain exercises are being used as knee rehabilitation regiments. These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles around the knee in order to improve its stability. Following a knee injury and/or surgery, the patient is asked to perform an isometric contraction of the quadriceps as the very first task of the rehabilitation process. Co-contraction of the hamstrings may occur depending on the amount of quadriceps contraction and the angle of knee flexion at which this isometric contraction is performed. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the knee flexion angle and the quadriceps tension on the amount of hamstrings co-contraction that occurs during an isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscles.
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Kurmashev, Sabit, Sayat Ospanov, Aryslan Malik, Evagoras Xydas, and Andreas Mueller. "Flexibility in Upper Limb Rehabilitation With the Use of 1-DOF Fourbar Linkages." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85381.
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In robotic rehabilitation the interaction is usually implemented by means of robots based on multi-Degree of Freedom (DOF) open kinematic chains. Despite their inherent flexibility these machines are expensive, complex and require routine maintenance and IT support. In contrast, mechanisms based on closed kinematic chains and especially 1-DOF four- and six bar linkages are simple, yet capable of generating paths with complex kinematic characteristics. These mechanisms are preferable when simplicity and cost are the major criteria, for example in the case of community-based rehabilitation in developing countries. On the other hand, rehabilitation using 1-DOF limits flexibility and potentially impairs the exercise effectiveness, since the patient does not have access to a variety of kinematic challenges. Nevertheless, by careful ergonomic design and by considering varying time constraints, link rotation ranges and varying link lengths this limitation can be overcome. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of 1-DOF four-bar linkages to provide flexibility in therapy by considering a Hoeken’s straight line four-bar linkage. After the mechanism is dimensioned, a previously developed method is employed for establishing a final prototype design which accounts for significant neurophysiological models such as Minimum Jerk Model, Fitts’s Law and Just Noticeable Differences. Given the mechanism characteristics, its potential for generation of exercises that vary with respect to temporal and spatial characteristics is demonstrated.
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Kang, Jae-Young, Tae-Gon Kim, and Kyung-Yoon Kim. "The Effects of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Using EMG Biofeedback on Functional Characteristics of PFPS Patients` Lower Extremity Muscles." In Healthcare and Nursing 2013. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2013.40.07.
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Lee, Ming-Yih, Arthur G. Erdman, and Yevsey Gutman. "Applications of Kinematic/Kinetic Performance Tools in Synthesis of Multi-D.O.F. Mechanisms." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0130.
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Abstract Analytical and graphical performance synthesis tools for multi-DOF mechanisms are developed in the companion of this two-part paper [1]. Various performance indices derived from the Jacobian matrix for analyzing performance characteristics of multi-DOF mechanisms were proposed. These performance indices are the local kinematic coupling index (inner product of the Jacobian column vectors), the local directional mobility index (ratio of the Jacobian’s eigenvalues), and the local efficiency index (product of the Jacobian’s eigenvalues). In this paper, effort is placed on the applicability of the proposed analytical and graphical synthesis tools used to aid the design of multi-DOF mechanisms. Two examples representing open and closed chain mechanisms will be used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed method. First, a two-link planar robotic manipulator is used to apply the the proposed method. Following that, a two DOF parallel drive road simulator illustrates applicability of the suggested tools. Through these examples, geometric parameters and joint range limits of the mechanism are optimized through the evaluation of performance indices, eigen-ellipse and intersection angle between trajectory contours.
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Dauster, Andrew, Mohamed Samir Hefzy, Ethan Hauser, and Philip Nowicki. "Development of a Dynamic Knee Simulator." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193033.
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Dynamic knee simulators use muscle analogs to incite motion at the knee joint [1–5]. There is a great variation between simulators in choice of powering of muscle analog systems, what movements are fixed, controlled, or unconstrained, as well as whether or not the system is open or closed kinetic chain. The objective of this work is to develop a portable dynamic knee simulator that allows simulation of knee joint motions when it is maximally flexed during a large range of activities involving the lower limb in both a vertical (e.g. deep squat) as well an horizontal position (e.g. rowing).
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Soper, R. Randall, Charles F. Reinholtz, and Stephen L. Canfield. "Synthesis of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Force-Generating Linkages." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5975.
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Abstract This paper presents the conceptual foundation and analytical techniques for the design of multiple-degree-of-freedom force-generating linkages. Force-generating mechanisms produce a specified quasi-static force or torque as a function of input position with resisting energy supplied to the mechanism from an external energy-storage device, such as a spring or load weight. Multiple-degree-of-freedom force-generating mechanisms provide the tailored resistance force along a design path while incorporating additional mobility, which allows the mechanism to deviate from the path within a local workspace. Although many potential applications for these mechanisms exist, the focus of this research has been on the design of weight-loaded machines for personal strength training, where the additional freedom of motion is valuable for reasons of ergonomic and exercise efficiency. A variety of open- and closed-chain mechanisms are considered as potential candidates for design. Techniques are developed for the closed-form synthesis of simple, two link, open loop chains that are able to produce a specified force component along a prescribed path. This result provides a foundation for designing more useful mechanisms, including doubly weighted symmetric and singly weighted asymmetric 5R linkages. In all cases, closed-form solutions are developed using Burmester-type synthesis procedures and equations of static equilibrium.
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Sun, Chao, Xiaowei Feng, Susan Gourvenec, Steven R. Neubecker, and Mark F. Randolph. "Finite Element Simulation of an Embedded Anchor Chain." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77781.
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The embedded portion of a mooring line plays an important role for efficient and economic design of an overall mooring system. This paper presents a methodology for numerical simulation of the behaviour of an embedded anchor chain as it cuts through the soil, focusing on the tensioning of a catenary mooring. The Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach within ABAQUS is used to capture the interaction between the embedded chain (Lagrangian structure) and the soil (Eulerian material). The anchor chain is simulated by a series of rigid cylindrical segments connected together by LINK connectors. Before analysing the global behaviour of an embedded chain, a calibration exercise is undertaken where a straight multi-link portion of the chain is displaced normally and axially in soil. The resulting normal and frictional resistances (per unit length) are compared with those adopted in general practice, in order to calibrate the relationship between the diameter of the cylindrical segments and the bar diameter of the chain. After that, the tensioning process of an anchor chain is simulated, starting from an initial configuration with a 9 m length embedded vertically (attached to a fixed padeye), with the remaining length lying on the seabed. Horizontal tensioning of the chain causes it to cut through the soil until it forms an inverse catenary with an angle of just under 35 degrees to the horizontal at the padeye (and zero degrees at the mudline). The loading curve, and also the inverse catenary profile of the chain for different angles at the padeye, are shown to agree well with the Neubecker-Randolph closed-form analytical solution. However, the ratio of the tensions at the padeye and the mudline from the CEL results differs significantly from the analytical solution. Insights from the CEL results indicate that this is because the frictional soil resistance is not fully mobilised, particularly for the portion of the chain in the stronger soil at depth, near the padeye, where the axial displacements are small. This result has significant implications for the geotechnical design of anchoring systems that involve a (nominally) fixed padeye. The simulation methodology also has considerable potential for exploring the creation of an open trench adjacent to a fixed anchor due to monotonic and cyclic perturbations of the anchor chain.