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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Open and closed method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Open and closed method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Open and closed method"

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L, Srinivas, and Hemanth G. "Clinical Evaluation of Outcome of Open and Closed Haemorrhoidectomy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 1785–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12516601.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Hemorrhoids are a very common problem affecting a large group of the population. Milligan-Morgan excision haemorrhoidectomy continues to be widely used as a treatment option for third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. On the other hand, Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy is thought to cause less postoperative pain due to its closed wound nature. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of the two conventional methods of hemorrhoidectomy open and close for third-degree prolapse and complicated hemorrhoids. <strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who me

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Himanshu, Kumar Choudhary, Kumari Sujata, Kumar Subhash, and Kumari Sushma. "Open Versus Closed Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissures: A comparative study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 9 (2024): 781–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908947.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Fissure-in-ano is a very common anal disorder which predominantly presents with severe pain. Lateral internal sphincterotomy remains the main treatment modality. This may be performed using open or closed method, each with their attendant complications. Aim of this study to evaluate the outcomes of open lateral internal sphincterotomy and closed lateral internal sphincterotomy with a cataract knife in terms of operation time, postoperative pain, faecal and flatus incontinence, and hospital stay. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients with

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Roshani, Prasad, Raj Sumit, Singh Lallan, and Rai Ashok. "Assessment of Open versus Closed Method of Establishment of Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Surgery: Prospective Comparative Parallel Randomized Trial." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 8 (2022): 505–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13356924.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>To compare open or Hasson’s method and closed or Veress method of creation of pneumoperitoneum. <strong>Material & Methods: </strong>This was a prospective comparative parallel randomized control trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, over a period of one year and included all the patients (n=160) who were undergoing laparoscopic surgery in this time period at our department. <strong>Results: </strong>The mean time required to create pneumoperitoneum by closed method (group C) was 9.0

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Prem, Prakash, Kumar Rao Sanjay, and Narayan Rajesh. "In Laparoscopic Surgery, a Comparative Study of the Open vs Closed Approach of Pneumoperitoneum Generation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 520–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14219865.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery. <strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative study conducted in multiple institutes of Bihar, India, for 12 months. 100 patients of either sex were selected who undergone operative procedure for laparoscopy surgery were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, physical examination and haematological as well as radiological investigations. All patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery and hemodynamical

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Jiang, Ruijian, Yi Liu, and Xiangjun Wang. "Simulation analysis of open and closed air gap of open and closed magnetic core." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3000, no. 1 (2025): 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3000/1/012041.

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Abstract The magnetic core is the core of the fluxgate current sensor. In order to better analyze the effect of magnetic field bias on the hysteresis curve of the magnetic core caused by the measurement current of the fluxgate probe, a DC magnetic bias correction is carried out on the basis of the J-A model, and numerical simulations are performed to calculate the correction model. In order to improve the saturation and agglomeration performance of air-gap cores, four kinds of opening and closing structures are designed, which provide an optimization method for the design of the opening and cl

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ElGohary, Hatem. "Semi-Closed Method as Alternative to Open and Closed Methods for the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease." Ain Shams Journal of Surgery 17, no. 2 (2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asjs.2017.178399.

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Tailor, Anandkumar Sureshbhai, Kamaleshkumar A. Patel, Patel Kishan Manoj Kumar, Avi Paras Rangwala, and Vijay Patel. "Analysis between Open Method and Closed Method of Reduction in Intra-articular Joint Depression Type of Calcaneal Fractures." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 10, no. 4 (2024): 6044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2024.10.4.39.

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Shanmugaiah, Anand, and Saravanan Pandian. "Prospective Randomized Study between Open Vs Closed Lateral Anal Internal Sphincterotomy in Patients with Chronic Fissure in Ano." Academia Journal of Surgery 3, no. 1 (2020): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47008/ajs/2020.3.1.36.

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Background: One of the the most common cause of pain during defecationin young patientsis chronic fissure in ano. Surgical treatment of choice for chronic fissure in ano is internal sphincterotomy. This procedure can be performed by open or closed method. The aim of the study was to compare the closed and open anal internal sphincterotomy in patients admitted in our hospital with chronic anal fissure. Subjects and Methods: 105 patients admitted in department of general surgery with chronic fissure in ano were divided into two groups. 50 patients (Group A) who were treated by closed method and

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Duncavage, James A., Robert H. Ossoff, and Jay A. Werkhave. "Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Open and Closed Methods." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (1995): P61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80127-5.

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ÖZSOY, S., and K. ALTUNATMAZ. "Treatment of extremity fractures in dogs using external fixators with closed reduction and limited open approach." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 5 (2012): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5760-vetmed.

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Humerus, tibia and antebrachium fractures determined in 30 dogs of different breed, age, weight and gender were treated using Type I and II external fixators. Meynard and handcuff clamps were used in the external fixators. Limited open approach was applied in 6 of the cases and closed reduction techniques in 24. In cases where closed reduction and stabilisation was done, the patients were seen to use their leg within 3&ndash;10 days post-operatively and that walking was reasonably good after 20 days. In cases to which a limited open approach had been applied, use of leg was achieved in a p

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Nilsen, Geir Werner. "Topics in open and closed loop subspace system identification : finite data-based methods." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1752.

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Demirdögen, İbrahim. "Comparison and Improvement of Different Access Methods in Femtocell Networks." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1612.

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A variety of wide band wireless systems have been pushed towards their limits in order to meet growing interest for high data rate in wireless communications.In particular, the limit due to the spectrum scarcity forces communication systems to utilize the spectrum resource at maximum efficiency level. One of the methods that allow effective spectrum employing is to cover multiple systems over same spectrum source by allowing bearable interference to occur between them. Femtocells have been recently introduced as a remedy to spectrum scarcity and coverage problems in current cellular structures

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Alghamdi, Bader A. "A Governance Method for Overcoming Cloud Computing Barriers with Architectural Requirements: Mixed Method Study Based on the Government Cloud in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/393970.

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Despite the promising application of cloud computing within government organisations, determining the barriers to the successful implementation of cloud computing remains a major challenge. Often, government organisations face formidable barriers to fully adopting cloud computing functions. These barriers include organisational culture issues, a weak application of service-level agreements (SLAs), compliance issues, interoperability and integration issues, the lack of an organisational strategy, cost calculation methods, cloud service availability, and cloud data security and privacy, as well

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Banai, Eyal. "Strategies to Cultivate Sustainable Open Innovation Culture in High-Tech Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5304.

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Business leaders must adopt new business practices to sustain their organizations and meet the paradigm of global competition. In the 21st century, innovation and market readiness have become the primary criteria for sustainability of an organization. Some organizational leaders should adopt open innovation strategy to stay competitive and foster a positive impact on their organizations' performance while practicing a systematic inclusion of knowledge from sources outside of the organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore effective strategies business leaders use to cu

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Kleinfinger, Jean-François. "Modelisation dynamique de robots a chaine : cinematique simple, arborescente, ou fermee, en vue de leur commande." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT2060.

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Le modele dynamique est base sur trois procedes: equation generee automatiquement par calcul symbolique iteratif; formalismes recursifs de type newton-euler lineaires vis-a-vis des parametres inertiels; regroupement de parametres inertiels

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Ivanič, Michal. "Návrh testovacího stavu diferenciálu pro zástavbu v bezdozvukové komoře." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432503.

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The diploma thesis describes the design of a test stand for experimental determination of vibroacoustic parameters of a part of the powertrain system. Thesis contains a research part, describing the problems of the drive system, vibroacoustics, measuring devices and also the division and the description of test stands. At the same time, the reasons for choosing a closed loop test stand are explained. Thesis also includes the results of analytical calculations and numerical results of FEM methods performed using ANSYS software, as well as drawing documentation of individual parts.

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Mickelsson, Glenn. "Monetary Policy in Closed and Open Economies." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108006.

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<p>Two DSGE models are calibrated and simulated to investigate how the role of monetarypolicy differs between a closed and an open economy. The central bank conducts monetary policy according to a Taylor (1993) rule, reacting to inflation- and output deviations. Prices are sticky and there are habit components which slow down adjustment of consumption and exports. The models are subjected to shocks in the interest rate, inflation, technology and consumption. In most of the cases the shocks have a bigger and quicker affect on output and employment in the open economy. In connection with positiv

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Aye, Thida S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Open vs. closed Apple music distribution platform." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45934.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).<br>In this thesis, based on the example case study of the Apple iTunes-iPods platform technology, two simple models are analyzed to gain a better understanding of open vs. closed business models as management and market strategies for multi-sided platforms. First, a simple model of a firm with a two-sided platform serving two distinct types of customers is evaluated, assuming network effects as the only intrinsic benefits to joining such a platform. Three d

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Caldas, Miguel, та Govindappa Navalagi. "On generalizing δ-open functions". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96271.

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In this paper we introduce two classes of functions called weakly δ -open and weakly δ -closed functions. We obtain their characterizations, their basic properties and their relationships with other types of functions between topological spaces.

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Haider, Jutta. "Open access and closed discourses : constructing open access as a 'development' issue." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8589/.

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This thesis investigates the connection between open access - the free online availability and distribution of scientific and scholarly publications - and the 'developing world' from a post-development perspective. It takes a discourse analytical approach, drawing predominantly on Michel Foucault's understanding in discourse. It aims to answer the following questions: - Which notions of science, of development and progress, of knowledge as well as of information and technology are capitalised on in the open access debates and in which way are they shaped as a consequence? - Which discursive ef

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Books on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Macdonald, Roderick. Open and Closed Economies. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79534-4.

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Herzog, Philipp. Open and Closed Innovation. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6165-5.

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Glick, Robert L. An improved closed burner method. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990.

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Tomusk, Voldemar. The Open World and Closed Societies. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979476.

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Coles, Peter. Is the universe open or closed? Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Miller, Frieda. Open hearts, closed doors: Teacher's guide. Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre, 1997.

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Kinoshita, Yumiko. Service entities in open-closed innovation. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Daniel, Lane, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation, eds. Closed fists, open heart: The Danny Green story. ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2008.

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Kende, Michael. Profitability under an open versus a closed system. INSEAD, 1992.

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J, West Bruce, ed. The nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of open and closed systems. VCH Publishers, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Conceição, Simone C. O., and Susan M. Yelich Biniecki. "Closed and Open Online Discussion Forums." In Methods for Facilitating Adult Learning. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446019-25.

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Jerney, Jacqueline, and Kristian Spilling. "Large Scale Cultivation of Microalgae: Open and Closed Systems." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2018_130.

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Konstantinidis, I. Ch, D. P. Papadopoulos, M. Gavaises, and D. N. Tsipas. "Fabrication Methods and Properties of Open and Closed Cell Foams." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.428.

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Fujita, Tsuneo, Makoto Kashimura, and Kazuo Adachi. "Open and Closed Circulation in the Spleen as Evidenced by SEM of Vascular Casts." In Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Casts: Methods and Applications. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3488-4_9.

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Harlecki, A. "Methods of Dynamic Analysis of Open and Closed Manipulators, Incorporating Dry Friction in Joints." In Solid Mechanics and its Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4229-8_16.

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Chan, Robin, Svenja Uhlemeyer, Matthias Rottmann, and Hanno Gottschalk. "Detecting and Learning the Unknown in Semantic Segmentation." In Deep Neural Networks and Data for Automated Driving. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01233-4_10.

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AbstractSemantic segmentation is a crucial component for perception in automated driving. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly used for this task, and they are usually trained on a closed set of object classes appearing in a closed operational domain. However, this is in contrast to the open world assumption in automated driving that DNNs are deployed to. Therefore, DNNs necessarily face data that they have never encountered previously, also known as anomalies, which are extremely safety-critical to properly cope with. In this chapter, we first give an overview about anomalies from an info

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Dershowitz, Nachum. "Open. Closed. Open." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32033-3_28.

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Huber, Stephanie Lebas. "Open/Closed." In Dutch Neorealism, Cinema, and the Politics of Painting, 1927–1945. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032680330-3.

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Gisdon, Florian J., Jörg Ackermann, Christoph Welsch, and Ina Koch. "Graph-Theoretical Prediction and Analysis of Biologically Relevant Substructures in an Open and Closed Conformation of Respiratory Complex I." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4213-9_15.

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Nguyen, Duy Anh, Truong Thinh Pham, and Viet Duong Nguyen. "A Better Indexing Method for Closest Open Location Policy in Forklift Warehouse Operation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14907-9_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Wartmann, Johannes. "Closed-Loop Rotorcraft System Identification Using Generalized Binary Noise." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12105.

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Current frequency-domain system identification methods require an open-loop experiment design to identify the bare airframe dynamics of rotorcraft. Trained test pilots are needed to fly these open-loop flight tests on an unstable air vehicle and thus open-loop rotorcraft system identification is very challenging. In this paper, a novel closed-loop system identification approach is presented. This approach does not require pilot controls but applies Generalized Binary Noise as automatic test signals to all helicopter controls simultaneously. The bare airframe dynamics of the ACT/FHS rotorcraft

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Majzoub, Wafaa N., and Dhabia M. Al-Mohannadi. "Evaluating Circularity and Sustainability in Plastic Waste Recycling: Open and Closed-Loop Technologies." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.112421.

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In a world grappling with mounting plastic waste, the pursuit of sustainable plastic waste management has become pivotal in aligning with Circular Economy (CE) goals, with a strong emphasis on resource conservation, product durability, and carbon footprint reduction. The strategic implementation of recycling methods serves as a stepping stone for transitioning from linear to circular models. This work delves into plastic waste recycling technologies, specifically focusing on open and closed-loop approaches, providing a comprehensive evaluation anchored on economic, environmental, and circulari

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Li, Jiahui, Diange Zhou, Yilin Duan, Xinchuan Li, and Hong Yao. "A Clustering-Oriented Method for Open-Domain Named Entity Recognition." In 2024 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid59990.2024.00030.

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Smith, D. C., and A. M. deRoo. "Water Based Heat Transfer Fluids in Building Hvac - Corrosion, Inhibition, and Environmental Impact." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95602.

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Abstract Antifreeze solutions are needed in many water based "closed" HVAC systems in buildings. Physical properties, toxicity, environmental consequences, government regulations, and corrosivity are all important attributes which must be considered. A closed system can have different corrosion protection criteria which may be much more stringent than an open system such as a cooling tower. Because of government regulations on ethylene glycol based fluids, various types of fluids and inhibitors were evaluated as potential substitutes. None of these performed as well as existing inhibited glyco

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Bonora, Loriano. "Gravitational Droplets and Open-Closed String Duality." In Fifth International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Physics. Sissa Medialab, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.031.0011.

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Aagaah, Mohammad Rastgaar, Steve C. Southward, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Effect of the Actuators’ Location on Vibration Suppression Using Minimum Modal Energy Eigenstructure Assignment." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34962.

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A new Eigenstructure Assignment (ESA) method for vibration confinement of flexible structures has been developed. This method is based on finding an output feedback control gain matrix in such a way that the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal to the open-loop ones. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used for finding the matrix that spans the null space of the closed-loop eigenvectors. It is shown that this matrix has a unique property that can be used to regenerate the open-loop system. This method finds a coefficient vector which leads to a zero gain matrix while several coefficient v

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Zhao, Peng, Da Qing Liu, and Chi Hou Chan. "A parallelized multilevel Green's function interpolation method for open and closed objects." In 2014 International Symposium on Antennas & Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isanp.2014.7026564.

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ZHENG, JI-MING, PING ZHOU, and JING-TAO LI. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF MODIFIED WIEN-BRIDGE CIRCUIT VIA OPEN-PLUS-CLOSED-LOOP (OPCL) METHOD." In Proceedings of the International Computer Conference 2006. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772763_0119.

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Zauner, Christian, Hubert Gattringer, Andreas Müller, and Matthias Jörgl. "A Heuristic Sequencing Method for Time Optimal Tracking of Open and Closed Paths." In ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/eccomasmbd2021-138.

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Fedorova, Natalya, Svetlana Valger, and Yulia Zakharova. "SIMULATIONS OF BLAST WAVE PROPAGATION IN OPEN AND CLOSED SPACE." In VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering. Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/100016.2352.10980.

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Reports on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Hayes, John. An Introduction to Isotopic Calculations. Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27058.

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Pinchuk, Olga P., Oleksandra M. Sokolyuk, Oleksandr Yu Burov, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. Digital transformation of learning environment: aspect of cognitive activity of students. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3243.

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Peculiar features of digital environment include: integration of ICTs; use of local and global networks and resources; support and development of qualitatively new technologies of information processing; active use of modern means, methods and forms of teaching in the educational process. The organization of activities in terms of digital learning environment provides appropriate changes in the interaction between subjects of the educational process. Today, means and technologies of the information and communication networks (ICNs), in particular the Internet, which custom and operational-proc

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Pinchuk, O. P., O. M. Sokolyuk, O. Yu Burov, and M. P. Shyshkina. Digital transformation of learning environment: aspect of cognitive activity of students. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.717007.

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Peculiar features of digital environment include: integration of ICTs; use of local and global networks and resources; support and development of qualitatively new technologies of information processing; active use of modern means, methods and forms of teaching in the educational process. The organization of activities in terms of digital learning environment provides appropriate changes in the interaction between subjects of the educational process. Today, means and technologies of the information and communication networks (ICNs), in particular the Internet, which custom and operational-proc

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Trahan, Corey, Jing-Ru Cheng, and Amanda Hines. ERDC-PT : a multidimensional particle tracking model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48057.

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This report describes the technical engine details of the particle- and species-tracking software ERDC-PT. The development of ERDC-PT leveraged a legacy ERDC tracking model, “PT123,” developed by a civil works basic research project titled “Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques” and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program. Given hydrodynamic velocities, ERDC-PT can track thousands of massless particles on 2D and 3D unstructured or converted structured meshes through distributed processing. At the time of this report, ERDC-PT support

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Imel, George R., Benjamin Baker, Tony Riley, Adam Langbehn, Harishchandra Aryal, and M. Lamine Benzerga. Study of the Open Loop and Closed Loop Oscillator Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178570.

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Razin, Assaf, and Chi-Wa Yuen. The "New Keynesian" Phillips Curve: Closed Economy vs. Open Economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8313.

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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.

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Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer

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Clarida, Richard, Jordi Gali, and Mark Gertler. Optimal Monetary Policy in Closed versus Open Economies: An Integrated Approach. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8604.

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Chang, Arturo, Thomas Ferguson, Jacob Rothschild, and Benjamin I. Page. Ambivalence About International Trade in Open- and Closed-ended Survey Responses. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp162.

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Spontaneous, open-ended survey responses can sometimes better reveal what is actually on people’s minds than small sets of forced-choice, closed questions. Our analysis of closed questions and trade-related open-ended responses to 2016 ANES “likes” and “dislikes” prompts indicate that Americans held considerably more complex, more ambivalent, and – in many cases – more negative views of international trade than has been apparent in studies that focus only on closed-ended responses. This paper suggests that contrast between open- and closed-question data may help explain why the effectiveness o

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Bakst, Andrew. Staking for Confidential Data: Merging the Closed Sciences with Open Cryptoeconomics. ResearchHub Technologies, Inc., 2025. https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.jejwa1i9.1.

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