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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Open and closed method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Open and closed method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Open and closed method"

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L, Srinivas, and Hemanth G. "Clinical Evaluation of Outcome of Open and Closed Haemorrhoidectomy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 1785–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12516601.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Hemorrhoids are a very common problem affecting a large group of the population. Milligan-Morgan excision haemorrhoidectomy continues to be widely used as a treatment option for third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. On the other hand, Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy is thought to cause less postoperative pain due to its closed wound nature. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of the two conventional methods of hemorrhoidectomy open and close for third-degree prolapse and complicated hemorrhoids. <strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. A total of n=40 cases allocated randomly generated computer numbers to two groups. Group, I patients will undergo an open approach to hemorrhoidectomy, as described by Milligan-Morgan. Group II patients, on the other hand, will undergo a closed approach to hemorrhoidectomy, as described by Ferguson. Both procedures will be performed under Spinal Anesthesia. <strong>Results: </strong>In our study, we observed a total of n=40 patients, with n=32 cases classified as grade III and 8 cases classified as grade IV. Among the n=32 patients with grade III, n=14 underwent surgery using the open method, while 8 underwent surgery using the closed method. Post-defecation VAS scores were analyzed in both groups of cases, it was found that the mean VAS scores at 24 hours of group II were slightly lesser than group I, and the p values were (<0.05) hence significant. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We found that Ferguson’s closed approach has several important advantages over the Millian Morgan open approach in the treatment of hemorrhoidectomy. These advantages include reduced pain in the immediate postoperative period and at 24 hours, requiring fewer analgesic pills to control pain, leading to the reduced hospital stay and early return to work, along with a better wound healing rate.      

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Himanshu, Kumar Choudhary, Kumari Sujata, Kumar Subhash, and Kumari Sushma. "Open Versus Closed Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissures: A comparative study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 9 (2024): 781–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908947.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Fissure-in-ano is a very common anal disorder which predominantly presents with severe pain. Lateral internal sphincterotomy remains the main treatment modality. This may be performed using open or closed method, each with their attendant complications. Aim of this study to evaluate the outcomes of open lateral internal sphincterotomy and closed lateral internal sphincterotomy with a cataract knife in terms of operation time, postoperative pain, faecal and flatus incontinence, and hospital stay. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients with chronic anal fissure were enrolled in this study. Of these, 50 patients underwent open lateral sphincterotomy, and 50 underwent closed sphincterotomy. They were followed up for 8 months post-surgery. The results and complications of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> Post-operative complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, incontinence, and recurrence were compared between the two groups. Pain, bleeding, and incontinence to flatus were significantly lesser in the closed group (P< 0.05), while there was no difference in the incidence of infection and recurrence between the two groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the treatment of chronic anal fissures, closed lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior than open sphincterotomy.      

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Roshani, Prasad, Raj Sumit, Singh Lallan, and Rai Ashok. "Assessment of Open versus Closed Method of Establishment of Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Surgery: Prospective Comparative Parallel Randomized Trial." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 8 (2022): 505–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13356924.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>To compare open or Hasson’s method and closed or Veress method of creation of pneumoperitoneum. <strong>Material & Methods: </strong>This was a prospective comparative parallel randomized control trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, over a period of one year and included all the patients (n=160) who were undergoing laparoscopic surgery in this time period at our department. <strong>Results: </strong>The mean time required to create pneumoperitoneum by closed method (group C) was 9.0 seconds while by open method (group O), it was 7.7 seconds with p value <0.001 which is significant Lap incisional hernia repair was seen in 3 cases of closed method and 2 cases in open method and diagnostic laparoscopy was observed in 1 case of close method. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even though the open method takes less time to create pneumoperitoneum, both methods are similar in terms of time taken to complete the operation and major and minor complications because there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these parameters between the two techniques.      

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Prem, Prakash, Kumar Rao Sanjay, and Narayan Rajesh. "In Laparoscopic Surgery, a Comparative Study of the Open vs Closed Approach of Pneumoperitoneum Generation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 520–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14219865.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery. <strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative study conducted in multiple institutes of Bihar, India, for 12 months. 100 patients of either sex were selected who undergone operative procedure for laparoscopy surgery were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, physical examination and haematological as well as radiological investigations. All patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery and hemodynamically stable patients. <strong>Results:</strong> Technical difficulties like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding are more in open method than in closed method, which is attributed to larger size of incision in open method, Furthermore, a significant higher incidence of such minor complications is found in case of BMI >25 p=-5.44 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Duration for pneumoperitoneum creation in open method group is shorter as compared to closed method group for pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery; p-value is 0 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Minor technical difficulties like multiple attempts (p=0.041), gas leak at port site (p=0.047), and minor complications like port site bleeding are more with open method. While one case pre peritoneal insufflation is noted in case of closed method. Herep<0.05 in most of the cases. Hence, it is statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our study, we can conclude that both methods i.e. open and closed methods of creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery are safe to perform. The open technique has slightly more incidence of minor complications due to large incision size but has advantage of lesser duration needed for procedure.      

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Jiang, Ruijian, Yi Liu, and Xiangjun Wang. "Simulation analysis of open and closed air gap of open and closed magnetic core." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3000, no. 1 (2025): 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3000/1/012041.

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Abstract The magnetic core is the core of the fluxgate current sensor. In order to better analyze the effect of magnetic field bias on the hysteresis curve of the magnetic core caused by the measurement current of the fluxgate probe, a DC magnetic bias correction is carried out on the basis of the J-A model, and numerical simulations are performed to calculate the correction model. In order to improve the saturation and agglomeration performance of air-gap cores, four kinds of opening and closing structures are designed, which provide an optimization method for the design of the opening and closing structures of actual sensor cores. The current detection technology has a variety of products at home and abroad, but the open and close oversized aperture current sensors that can measure weak currents have not yet appeared. Due to a variety of problems that limit the accuracy, there is a need to design a strong agglomeration of magnetic anti-jamming probes in this research.

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ElGohary, Hatem. "Semi-Closed Method as Alternative to Open and Closed Methods for the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease." Ain Shams Journal of Surgery 17, no. 2 (2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asjs.2017.178399.

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Tailor, Anandkumar Sureshbhai, Kamaleshkumar A. Patel, Patel Kishan Manoj Kumar, Avi Paras Rangwala, and Vijay Patel. "Analysis between Open Method and Closed Method of Reduction in Intra-articular Joint Depression Type of Calcaneal Fractures." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 10, no. 4 (2024): 6044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2024.10.4.39.

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Shanmugaiah, Anand, and Saravanan Pandian. "Prospective Randomized Study between Open Vs Closed Lateral Anal Internal Sphincterotomy in Patients with Chronic Fissure in Ano." Academia Journal of Surgery 3, no. 1 (2020): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47008/ajs/2020.3.1.36.

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Background: One of the the most common cause of pain during defecationin young patientsis chronic fissure in ano. Surgical treatment of choice for chronic fissure in ano is internal sphincterotomy. This procedure can be performed by open or closed method. The aim of the study was to compare the closed and open anal internal sphincterotomy in patients admitted in our hospital with chronic anal fissure. Subjects and Methods: 105 patients admitted in department of general surgery with chronic fissure in ano were divided into two groups. 50 patients (Group A) who were treated by closed method and 55 patients (Group B) who were managed by open lateralanal sphincterotomy method. A 3 months follow up done in both post-surgery to observe for pain, bleeding, infection, incontinence, and recurrence. Results: Significant difference was observed in postoperative acute complications between the two methods of internal anal sphincterotomy. Conclusion: Lateral anal sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure, either open or closed method. However, the closed method was observed to have lesserpost operative complication compared to the open method.

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Duncavage, James A., Robert H. Ossoff, and Jay A. Werkhave. "Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Open and Closed Methods." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (1995): P61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80127-5.

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ÖZSOY, S., and K. ALTUNATMAZ. "Treatment of extremity fractures in dogs using external fixators with closed reduction and limited open approach." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 5 (2012): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5760-vetmed.

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Humerus, tibia and antebrachium fractures determined in 30 dogs of different breed, age, weight and gender were treated using Type I and II external fixators. Meynard and handcuff clamps were used in the external fixators. Limited open approach was applied in 6 of the cases and closed reduction techniques in 24. In cases where closed reduction and stabilisation was done, the patients were seen to use their leg within 3&ndash;10 days post-operatively and that walking was reasonably good after 20 days. In cases to which a limited open approach had been applied, use of leg was achieved in a period close to the closed method.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Nilsen, Geir Werner. "Topics in open and closed loop subspace system identification : finite data-based methods." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1752.

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Demirdögen, İbrahim. "Comparison and Improvement of Different Access Methods in Femtocell Networks." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1612.

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A variety of wide band wireless systems have been pushed towards their limits in order to meet growing interest for high data rate in wireless communications.In particular, the limit due to the spectrum scarcity forces communication systems to utilize the spectrum resource at maximum efficiency level. One of the methods that allow effective spectrum employing is to cover multiple systems over same spectrum source by allowing bearable interference to occur between them. Femtocells have been recently introduced as a remedy to spectrum scarcity and coverage problems in current cellular structures. Femtocells are personal use base stations and they share the spectrum in a way that they can coexist with the macrocell. This thesis provides a critical reviews of different access methods in femtocell networks and further introduces improvements related to these access methods. Simulation results validate capacity improvement of proposed techniques compared to the existing access methods.

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Alghamdi, Bader A. "A Governance Method for Overcoming Cloud Computing Barriers with Architectural Requirements: Mixed Method Study Based on the Government Cloud in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/393970.

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Despite the promising application of cloud computing within government organisations, determining the barriers to the successful implementation of cloud computing remains a major challenge. Often, government organisations face formidable barriers to fully adopting cloud computing functions. These barriers include organisational culture issues, a weak application of service-level agreements (SLAs), compliance issues, interoperability and integration issues, the lack of an organisational strategy, cost calculation methods, cloud service availability, and cloud data security and privacy, as well as insufficient trust in providers. Tackling these barriers while meeting the specifications of government cloud computing involves architectural requirements and mechanisms. In addition, the nature of cloud ecosystem operation and its alignment with appropriate strategies are known to be complex, also considering the growing desire for governance solutions. Although researchers and organisations have recognised cloud computing obstacles prior to the cloud implementation stage, fewer efforts have been made to investigate cloud barriers in-depth during and after cloud implementation projects or when introducing governance solutions. This might partly be attributable to inadequate enterprise requirements for addressing cloud barriers, the complexity of government cloud specifications, and the lack of involvement by cloud stakeholders, such as providers and consumers. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to develop a governance method consisting of the generation and testing of architectural requirements to overcome dominant cloud barriers and improve cloud computing functionalities in the implementation stage. To achieve this, the roles of related cloud providers and consumers have been investigated. The study was guided by activities of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Architecture Development Method (ADM) to design related architectural requirements that would provide best practices for the development of the governance method. Using a sequential, exploratory mixed method, multiple qualitative case studies on the role of cloud providers were conducted to explore which and how architectural requirements are suitable and applicable for addressing the identified cloud barriers. Afterwards, a quantitative survey study was performed to examine and validate the findings from the qualitative phase and to discover the role of cloud consumers in tackling cloud barriers. The utilisation of dual perspectives, from cloud providers and consumers, to design and measure the suitability and applicability of the architectural requirements is a substantial theoretical contribution in the field of enterprise information systems and cloud governance. Both cloud providers and consumers in the selected research context balanced their roles in the composition of cloud ecosystem projects, reducing complexity and enabling cooperative solutions for handling cloud barriers with different levels of emphasis and prioritisation. The results of this thesis provide significant guidance in eliciting architectural requirements as well as in their successful contribution to addressing the 10 identified cloud barriers in the selected context. Seeking a cloud provider’s perspective through multiple case studies resulted in 24 confirmed, newly emerged architectural requirements and 48 sub-requirements for best practices to support Information Technology (IT) managers and practitioners during the implementation of government cloud projects. From the point of view of the cloud service consumer, statistical evidence showed that the architectural requirements proved to be relevant and applicable and resulted in the validation of only eight important cloud constructs with a scale of 36 architectural requirements. The results at the governance level also produced a clear method that can enhance the realisation of value when business/IT strategies and EA governance practices both take place in cloud projects. The governance method also consists of a set of architectural requirements to support managing and controlling cloud computing implementation projects with related stakeholders and change management initiatives. The architectural requirements have been modelled via the ArchiMate 3.0 modelling language as unique and beneficial contributions for the enhancement of enterprise architecture practices. This thesis thereby introduces a novel cloud governance method with clear mechanisms and practices to serve as crucial resources for related organisations, decision-makers, business practitioners and researchers.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Info & Comm Tech<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text

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Banai, Eyal. "Strategies to Cultivate Sustainable Open Innovation Culture in High-Tech Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5304.

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Business leaders must adopt new business practices to sustain their organizations and meet the paradigm of global competition. In the 21st century, innovation and market readiness have become the primary criteria for sustainability of an organization. Some organizational leaders should adopt open innovation strategy to stay competitive and foster a positive impact on their organizations' performance while practicing a systematic inclusion of knowledge from sources outside of the organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore effective strategies business leaders use to cultivate a sustainable open innovation culture. The population consisted of leaders from 200 high technology organizations in the Washington, D.C. area. Purposeful sampling was used to select 4 organizations whose leaders demonstrated successful cultivation of open innovation culture. Schein's culture theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of the organizations' annual reports, publications, websites, and brochures. Data analysis was based on Vaismoradi, Turunen, and Bondas's systematic content and thematic analysis approach, proceding from study data to codes to themes. The outcome led to 4 primary themes: organizational strategic alignment, collaboration as a force multiplier for innovation, organizational culture change, and expert understanding of the customers' needs. Implications for positive social change include fostering innovative organizations whose members bring to the market cost-effective solutions and bridge between market needs and technological solutions. Members of innovative organizations impact underserved communities in terms of material wealth, social welfare, and employment opportunities.

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Kleinfinger, Jean-François. "Modelisation dynamique de robots a chaine : cinematique simple, arborescente, ou fermee, en vue de leur commande." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT2060.

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Le modele dynamique est base sur trois procedes: equation generee automatiquement par calcul symbolique iteratif; formalismes recursifs de type newton-euler lineaires vis-a-vis des parametres inertiels; regroupement de parametres inertiels

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Ivanič, Michal. "Návrh testovacího stavu diferenciálu pro zástavbu v bezdozvukové komoře." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432503.

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The diploma thesis describes the design of a test stand for experimental determination of vibroacoustic parameters of a part of the powertrain system. Thesis contains a research part, describing the problems of the drive system, vibroacoustics, measuring devices and also the division and the description of test stands. At the same time, the reasons for choosing a closed loop test stand are explained. Thesis also includes the results of analytical calculations and numerical results of FEM methods performed using ANSYS software, as well as drawing documentation of individual parts.

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Mickelsson, Glenn. "Monetary Policy in Closed and Open Economies." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108006.

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<p>Two DSGE models are calibrated and simulated to investigate how the role of monetarypolicy differs between a closed and an open economy. The central bank conducts monetary policy according to a Taylor (1993) rule, reacting to inflation- and output deviations. Prices are sticky and there are habit components which slow down adjustment of consumption and exports. The models are subjected to shocks in the interest rate, inflation, technology and consumption. In most of the cases the shocks have a bigger and quicker affect on output and employment in the open economy. In connection with positive consumption- and interest rate shocks inflation is big and negative at first but gets positive already two quarters after the shock, due to effects in the exchange rate channel. In closed and open economies, a stronger reaction to output, than in the standard Taylor (1993) rule, decreases welfare losses dramatically.</p>

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Aye, Thida S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Open vs. closed Apple music distribution platform." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45934.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).<br>In this thesis, based on the example case study of the Apple iTunes-iPods platform technology, two simple models are analyzed to gain a better understanding of open vs. closed business models as management and market strategies for multi-sided platforms. First, a simple model of a firm with a two-sided platform serving two distinct types of customers is evaluated, assuming network effects as the only intrinsic benefits to joining such a platform. Three different cases of market structure are investigated: (i) monopoly, (ii) open duopoly (iii) closed duopoly. Using game theory, comparative results of prices, profits, consumer surplus and social welfare among the three regimes are presented. The second model focuses on the effects of competition and compatibility between a profit-maximizing closed platform and an open, freely accessible platform. Given certain conditions, it is shown that compatibility can in fact be a profitable strategy for closed platforms while improving social welfare at the same time.<br>by Thida Aye.<br>S.M.

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Caldas, Miguel, та Govindappa Navalagi. "On generalizing δ-open functions". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96271.

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In this paper we introduce two classes of functions called weakly δ -open and weakly δ -closed functions. We obtain their characterizations, their basic properties and their relationships with other types of functions between topological spaces.

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Haider, Jutta. "Open access and closed discourses : constructing open access as a 'development' issue." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8589/.

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This thesis investigates the connection between open access - the free online availability and distribution of scientific and scholarly publications - and the 'developing world' from a post-development perspective. It takes a discourse analytical approach, drawing predominantly on Michel Foucault's understanding in discourse. It aims to answer the following questions: - Which notions of science, of development and progress, of knowledge as well as of information and technology are capitalised on in the open access debates and in which way are they shaped as a consequence? - Which discursive effects can be established, what are the results and of which kind are they? The thesis is divided into six chapters, chapters 2 to 5 are grouped into two parts. In the introduction (chapter 1) the general problem space is outlined, the connection between the open access movement and the 'developing world' is established; the research approach is briefly sketched, followed by a presentation of the research questions. Furthermore, the relevance of the study for Library and Information Science is discussed. Chapter 2 introduces the notion of discourse. It contains a discussion of the Foucauldian concept of discourse in relation to the notions of knowledge, truth, and power, as well as resistance, governmentality, and pastoral power. The manifestation of discourse in language is discussed with reference to Michel pecheux. The way in which discourses are dispersed unevenly in society is examined. It concludes with a presentation of the concept of the discursive procedure, which forms the basis for the analyses. Chapter 3 introduces post-development theory, specifically focusing on development discourse. It presents and problematises the concept of devt;lopment, of poverty and ignorance, as well as of science. The historical foundations of dev~lopmentdiscourse and the role of science and technology in it are examined. Chapter 4 investigates the representation of open access in its relation to development. It is based on a corpus consisting of 38 articles and similar publications and 5 statements and declarations. The latter are also examined from a genre perspective. The following discursive procedures are identified: (1) Leaving a blank or defining the undefinable: 111e elusiveness of the 'developing world', (2) Technologism and technological determinism, (3) Economism, (4) Scientific centralism and scientism, (5) Temporal distancing. It concludes with a discussion of the guiding metaphor, the divide. Chapter 5 investigates how open access is debated in the context of development. It draws on a two-week long email debate organised by a development institution in 2006. 146 postings by 49 participants are included in the analysis. The following discursive procedures are identified: (1) Technologism, (2) The role of the profession: mediation, translation, and control, (3) Rural people and the lack of education, (4) Developmentalism and antidev~ lopmentalism: Positioning oneself in and against development. It concludes with a discussion of the guiding metaphor, the barrier, as well as ofidentity construction. The concluding chapter 6 is concerned with providing a sum-up of the analyses with a view to answering the research questions. It considers a possible future for the open access movement in its relation to the 'developing world' and concludes with a brief discussion of issues relevant for future research. The main findings suggest that the 'developing world' is constructed around the coordinates provided by mainstream development thought. Open access is inserted into its discursive repertoire as a problem of development, a tool for its delivery, and its measure. The dominant understanding of information adheres to a sender/receiver model. However, ruptures occur in significant places. This requires a partial re-positioning of the way in which development is framed and of open access' role in it.

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Books on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Macdonald, Roderick. Open and Closed Economies. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79534-4.

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Herzog, Philipp. Open and Closed Innovation. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6165-5.

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Glick, Robert L. An improved closed burner method. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990.

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Tomusk, Voldemar. The Open World and Closed Societies. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979476.

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Coles, Peter. Is the universe open or closed? Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Miller, Frieda. Open hearts, closed doors: Teacher's guide. Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre, 1997.

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Kinoshita, Yumiko. Service entities in open-closed innovation. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Daniel, Lane, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation, eds. Closed fists, open heart: The Danny Green story. ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2008.

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Kende, Michael. Profitability under an open versus a closed system. INSEAD, 1992.

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J, West Bruce, ed. The nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of open and closed systems. VCH Publishers, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Conceição, Simone C. O., and Susan M. Yelich Biniecki. "Closed and Open Online Discussion Forums." In Methods for Facilitating Adult Learning. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446019-25.

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Jerney, Jacqueline, and Kristian Spilling. "Large Scale Cultivation of Microalgae: Open and Closed Systems." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2018_130.

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Konstantinidis, I. Ch, D. P. Papadopoulos, M. Gavaises, and D. N. Tsipas. "Fabrication Methods and Properties of Open and Closed Cell Foams." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.428.

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Fujita, Tsuneo, Makoto Kashimura, and Kazuo Adachi. "Open and Closed Circulation in the Spleen as Evidenced by SEM of Vascular Casts." In Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Casts: Methods and Applications. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3488-4_9.

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Harlecki, A. "Methods of Dynamic Analysis of Open and Closed Manipulators, Incorporating Dry Friction in Joints." In Solid Mechanics and its Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4229-8_16.

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Chan, Robin, Svenja Uhlemeyer, Matthias Rottmann, and Hanno Gottschalk. "Detecting and Learning the Unknown in Semantic Segmentation." In Deep Neural Networks and Data for Automated Driving. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01233-4_10.

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AbstractSemantic segmentation is a crucial component for perception in automated driving. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly used for this task, and they are usually trained on a closed set of object classes appearing in a closed operational domain. However, this is in contrast to the open world assumption in automated driving that DNNs are deployed to. Therefore, DNNs necessarily face data that they have never encountered previously, also known as anomalies, which are extremely safety-critical to properly cope with. In this chapter, we first give an overview about anomalies from an information-theoretic perspective. Next, we review research in detecting unknown objects in semantic segmentation. We present a method outperforming recent approaches by training for high entropy responses on anomalous objects, which is in line with our theoretical findings. Finally, we propose a method to assess the occurrence frequency of anomalies in order to select anomaly types to include into a model’s set of semantic categories. We demonstrate that those anomalies can then be learned in an unsupervised fashion which is particularly suitable in online applications.

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Dershowitz, Nachum. "Open. Closed. Open." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32033-3_28.

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Huber, Stephanie Lebas. "Open/Closed." In Dutch Neorealism, Cinema, and the Politics of Painting, 1927–1945. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032680330-3.

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Gisdon, Florian J., Jörg Ackermann, Christoph Welsch, and Ina Koch. "Graph-Theoretical Prediction and Analysis of Biologically Relevant Substructures in an Open and Closed Conformation of Respiratory Complex I." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4213-9_15.

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Nguyen, Duy Anh, Truong Thinh Pham, and Viet Duong Nguyen. "A Better Indexing Method for Closest Open Location Policy in Forklift Warehouse Operation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14907-9_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Wartmann, Johannes. "Closed-Loop Rotorcraft System Identification Using Generalized Binary Noise." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12105.

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Current frequency-domain system identification methods require an open-loop experiment design to identify the bare airframe dynamics of rotorcraft. Trained test pilots are needed to fly these open-loop flight tests on an unstable air vehicle and thus open-loop rotorcraft system identification is very challenging. In this paper, a novel closed-loop system identification approach is presented. This approach does not require pilot controls but applies Generalized Binary Noise as automatic test signals to all helicopter controls simultaneously. The bare airframe dynamics of the ACT/FHS rotorcraft simulator are identified by the optimized Predictor-Based Subspace Identification method in the time domain using these automatic maneuvers. Robust settings for the frequency range of interest of the chosen test signal and the overall experiment time are determined. Furthermore, the approach is evaluated in representative conditions including measurement noise and weak turbulence. Very promising results are obtained in comparison to classical frequency responses.

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Majzoub, Wafaa N., and Dhabia M. Al-Mohannadi. "Evaluating Circularity and Sustainability in Plastic Waste Recycling: Open and Closed-Loop Technologies." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.112421.

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In a world grappling with mounting plastic waste, the pursuit of sustainable plastic waste management has become pivotal in aligning with Circular Economy (CE) goals, with a strong emphasis on resource conservation, product durability, and carbon footprint reduction. The strategic implementation of recycling methods serves as a stepping stone for transitioning from linear to circular models. This work delves into plastic waste recycling technologies, specifically focusing on open and closed-loop approaches, providing a comprehensive evaluation anchored on economic, environmental, and circularity criteria. Different recycling techniques are thoroughly examined, with particular attention given to chemical recycling methods such as pyrolysis and gasification. This work introduces a comprehensive screening model driven by a new proposed circularity metric validated through a case study to assess these recycling pathways. The results reveal the substantial potential of chemical recycling technologies compared to conventional incineration for energy recovery. Pyrolysis refinery and methanol production from plastic waste demonstrate triple and double the profitability of incineration while significantly enhancing the overall contribution of CE. This work emphasizes the imperative of a sustainable approach to plastic waste management by balancing different metrics considerations.

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Li, Jiahui, Diange Zhou, Yilin Duan, Xinchuan Li, and Hong Yao. "A Clustering-Oriented Method for Open-Domain Named Entity Recognition." In 2024 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid59990.2024.00030.

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Smith, D. C., and A. M. deRoo. "Water Based Heat Transfer Fluids in Building Hvac - Corrosion, Inhibition, and Environmental Impact." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95602.

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Abstract Antifreeze solutions are needed in many water based "closed" HVAC systems in buildings. Physical properties, toxicity, environmental consequences, government regulations, and corrosivity are all important attributes which must be considered. A closed system can have different corrosion protection criteria which may be much more stringent than an open system such as a cooling tower. Because of government regulations on ethylene glycol based fluids, various types of fluids and inhibitors were evaluated as potential substitutes. None of these performed as well as existing inhibited glycol-based fluids from a corrosion standpoint. Localized corrosion and build-up of corrosion products was a significant problem. The need for a corrosion test method designed for closed HVAC system fluid comparison is identified.

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Bonora, Loriano. "Gravitational Droplets and Open-Closed String Duality." In Fifth International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Physics. Sissa Medialab, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.031.0011.

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Aagaah, Mohammad Rastgaar, Steve C. Southward, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Effect of the Actuators’ Location on Vibration Suppression Using Minimum Modal Energy Eigenstructure Assignment." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34962.

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A new Eigenstructure Assignment (ESA) method for vibration confinement of flexible structures has been developed. This method is based on finding an output feedback control gain matrix in such a way that the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal to the open-loop ones. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used for finding the matrix that spans the null space of the closed-loop eigenvectors. It is shown that this matrix has a unique property that can be used to regenerate the open-loop system. This method finds a coefficient vector which leads to a zero gain matrix while several coefficient vectors can be found simultaneously which are orthogonal to the open-loop coefficient vector. As a result, the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal to the open-loop ones. It is shown that the modal energy of the closed loop system is reduced. Moreover, the proposed method needs neither to specify the closed-loop eigenvalues nor to define a desired set of eigenvectors. Also it is shown that if the maximum force of the actuators and the consumed energy of the actuators need to be low, actuators have to be relatively close to input. If the amplitude of vibration in isolated area has to be minimized as much as possible, the actuators need to be relatively closer to isolated area. Also the algorithm of the minimum eigenstructure assignment method has been modified to eliminate the effect of the actuators that are located on the nodes of different vibrational modes.

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Zhao, Peng, Da Qing Liu, and Chi Hou Chan. "A parallelized multilevel Green's function interpolation method for open and closed objects." In 2014 International Symposium on Antennas & Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isanp.2014.7026564.

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ZHENG, JI-MING, PING ZHOU, and JING-TAO LI. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF MODIFIED WIEN-BRIDGE CIRCUIT VIA OPEN-PLUS-CLOSED-LOOP (OPCL) METHOD." In Proceedings of the International Computer Conference 2006. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772763_0119.

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Zauner, Christian, Hubert Gattringer, Andreas Müller, and Matthias Jörgl. "A Heuristic Sequencing Method for Time Optimal Tracking of Open and Closed Paths." In ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/eccomasmbd2021-138.

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Fedorova, Natalya, Svetlana Valger, and Yulia Zakharova. "SIMULATIONS OF BLAST WAVE PROPAGATION IN OPEN AND CLOSED SPACE." In VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering. Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/100016.2352.10980.

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Reports on the topic "Open and closed method"

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Hayes, John. An Introduction to Isotopic Calculations. Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27058.

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Pinchuk, Olga P., Oleksandra M. Sokolyuk, Oleksandr Yu Burov, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. Digital transformation of learning environment: aspect of cognitive activity of students. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3243.

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Peculiar features of digital environment include: integration of ICTs; use of local and global networks and resources; support and development of qualitatively new technologies of information processing; active use of modern means, methods and forms of teaching in the educational process. The organization of activities in terms of digital learning environment provides appropriate changes in the interaction between subjects of the educational process. Today, means and technologies of the information and communication networks (ICNs), in particular the Internet, which custom and operational-procedural properties were changed at the initial stage from closed local to open ones at present, become widespread. The development of ICNs (from closed local to open ones) changes the typology of learning environments. The following models of learning environments, which widely use ICT and ICN tools (with basic features that characterize them) are distinguished: using the local communication network for presentation of educational information; using the local communication network and open network resources; using open network resources; for independent use of open network resources directly in the classroom by a student; for use of open network resources by a student in the process of independent learning activity; for use by a student educational resources, specially created by a teacher, as well as resources of an open networks in his independent learning activity.

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Pinchuk, O. P., O. M. Sokolyuk, O. Yu Burov, and M. P. Shyshkina. Digital transformation of learning environment: aspect of cognitive activity of students. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.717007.

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Peculiar features of digital environment include: integration of ICTs; use of local and global networks and resources; support and development of qualitatively new technologies of information processing; active use of modern means, methods and forms of teaching in the educational process. The organization of activities in terms of digital learning environment provides appropriate changes in the interaction between subjects of the educational process. Today, means and technologies of the information and communication networks (ICNs), in particular the Internet, which custom and operational-procedural properties were changed at the initial stage from closed local to open ones at present, become widespread. The development of ICNs (from closed local to open ones) changes the typology of learning environments. The following models of learning environments, which widely use ICT and ICN tools (with basic features that characterize them) are distinguished: using the local communication network for presentation of educational information; using the local communication network and open network resources; using open network resources; for independent use of open network resources directly in the classroom by a student; for use of open network resources by a student in the process of independent learning activity; for use by a student educational resources, specially created by a teacher, as well as resources of an open networks in his independent learning activity.

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Trahan, Corey, Jing-Ru Cheng, and Amanda Hines. ERDC-PT : a multidimensional particle tracking model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48057.

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This report describes the technical engine details of the particle- and species-tracking software ERDC-PT. The development of ERDC-PT leveraged a legacy ERDC tracking model, “PT123,” developed by a civil works basic research project titled “Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques” and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program. Given hydrodynamic velocities, ERDC-PT can track thousands of massless particles on 2D and 3D unstructured or converted structured meshes through distributed processing. At the time of this report, ERDC-PT supports triangular elements in 2D and tetrahedral elements in 3D. First-, second-, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time integration methods are included in ERDC-PT to solve the ordinary differential equations describing the motion of particles. An element-by-element tracking algorithm is used for efficient particle tracking over the mesh. ERDC-PT tracks particles along the closed and free surface boundaries by velocity projection and stops tracking when a particle encounters the open boundary. In addition to passive particles, ERDC-PT can transport behavioral species, such as oyster larvae. This report is the first report of the series describing the technical details of the tracking engine. It details the governing equation and numerical approaching associated with ERDC-PT Version 1.0 contents.

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Imel, George R., Benjamin Baker, Tony Riley, Adam Langbehn, Harishchandra Aryal, and M. Lamine Benzerga. Study of the Open Loop and Closed Loop Oscillator Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178570.

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Razin, Assaf, and Chi-Wa Yuen. The "New Keynesian" Phillips Curve: Closed Economy vs. Open Economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8313.

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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.

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Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.

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Clarida, Richard, Jordi Gali, and Mark Gertler. Optimal Monetary Policy in Closed versus Open Economies: An Integrated Approach. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8604.

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Chang, Arturo, Thomas Ferguson, Jacob Rothschild, and Benjamin I. Page. Ambivalence About International Trade in Open- and Closed-ended Survey Responses. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp162.

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Spontaneous, open-ended survey responses can sometimes better reveal what is actually on people’s minds than small sets of forced-choice, closed questions. Our analysis of closed questions and trade-related open-ended responses to 2016 ANES “likes” and “dislikes” prompts indicate that Americans held considerably more complex, more ambivalent, and – in many cases – more negative views of international trade than has been apparent in studies that focus only on closed-ended responses. This paper suggests that contrast between open- and closed-question data may help explain why the effectiveness of Donald Trump’s appeals to trade resentments surprised many observers.

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Bakst, Andrew. Staking for Confidential Data: Merging the Closed Sciences with Open Cryptoeconomics. ResearchHub Technologies, Inc., 2025. https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.jejwa1i9.1.

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