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L, Srinivas, and Hemanth G. "Clinical Evaluation of Outcome of Open and Closed Haemorrhoidectomy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 1785–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12516601.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Hemorrhoids are a very common problem affecting a large group of the population. Milligan-Morgan excision haemorrhoidectomy continues to be widely used as a treatment option for third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. On the other hand, Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy is thought to cause less postoperative pain due to its closed wound nature. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of the two conventional methods of hemorrhoidectomy open and close for third-degree prolapse and complicated hemorrhoids. <strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. A total of n=40 cases allocated randomly generated computer numbers to two groups. Group, I patients will undergo an open approach to hemorrhoidectomy, as described by Milligan-Morgan. Group II patients, on the other hand, will undergo a closed approach to hemorrhoidectomy, as described by Ferguson. Both procedures will be performed under Spinal Anesthesia. <strong>Results: </strong>In our study, we observed a total of n=40 patients, with n=32 cases classified as grade III and 8 cases classified as grade IV. Among the n=32 patients with grade III, n=14 underwent surgery using the open method, while 8 underwent surgery using the closed method. Post-defecation VAS scores were analyzed in both groups of cases, it was found that the mean VAS scores at 24 hours of group II were slightly lesser than group I, and the p values were (<0.05) hence significant. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We found that Ferguson’s closed approach has several important advantages over the Millian Morgan open approach in the treatment of hemorrhoidectomy. These advantages include reduced pain in the immediate postoperative period and at 24 hours, requiring fewer analgesic pills to control pain, leading to the reduced hospital stay and early return to work, along with a better wound healing rate.
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Himanshu, Kumar Choudhary, Kumari Sujata, Kumar Subhash, and Kumari Sushma. "Open Versus Closed Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissures: A comparative study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 9 (2024): 781–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908947.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Fissure-in-ano is a very common anal disorder which predominantly presents with severe pain. Lateral internal sphincterotomy remains the main treatment modality. This may be performed using open or closed method, each with their attendant complications. Aim of this study to evaluate the outcomes of open lateral internal sphincterotomy and closed lateral internal sphincterotomy with a cataract knife in terms of operation time, postoperative pain, faecal and flatus incontinence, and hospital stay. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients with chronic anal fissure were enrolled in this study. Of these, 50 patients underwent open lateral sphincterotomy, and 50 underwent closed sphincterotomy. They were followed up for 8 months post-surgery. The results and complications of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> Post-operative complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, incontinence, and recurrence were compared between the two groups. Pain, bleeding, and incontinence to flatus were significantly lesser in the closed group (P< 0.05), while there was no difference in the incidence of infection and recurrence between the two groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the treatment of chronic anal fissures, closed lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior than open sphincterotomy.
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Roshani, Prasad, Raj Sumit, Singh Lallan, and Rai Ashok. "Assessment of Open versus Closed Method of Establishment of Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Surgery: Prospective Comparative Parallel Randomized Trial." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 8 (2022): 505–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13356924.
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<strong>Aim: </strong>To compare open or Hasson’s method and closed or Veress method of creation of pneumoperitoneum. <strong>Material & Methods: </strong>This was a prospective comparative parallel randomized control trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, over a period of one year and included all the patients (n=160) who were undergoing laparoscopic surgery in this time period at our department. <strong>Results: </strong>The mean time required to create pneumoperitoneum by closed method (group C) was 9.0 seconds while by open method (group O), it was 7.7 seconds with p value <0.001 which is significant Lap incisional hernia repair was seen in 3 cases of closed method and 2 cases in open method and diagnostic laparoscopy was observed in 1 case of close method. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even though the open method takes less time to create pneumoperitoneum, both methods are similar in terms of time taken to complete the operation and major and minor complications because there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these parameters between the two techniques.
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Prem, Prakash, Kumar Rao Sanjay, and Narayan Rajesh. "In Laparoscopic Surgery, a Comparative Study of the Open vs Closed Approach of Pneumoperitoneum Generation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 520–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14219865.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery. <strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative study conducted in multiple institutes of Bihar, India, for 12 months. 100 patients of either sex were selected who undergone operative procedure for laparoscopy surgery were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, physical examination and haematological as well as radiological investigations. All patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery and hemodynamically stable patients. <strong>Results:</strong> Technical difficulties like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding are more in open method than in closed method, which is attributed to larger size of incision in open method, Furthermore, a significant higher incidence of such minor complications is found in case of BMI >25 p=-5.44 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Duration for pneumoperitoneum creation in open method group is shorter as compared to closed method group for pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery; p-value is 0 (p<0.05) at confidence level of 95%). Minor technical difficulties like multiple attempts (p=0.041), gas leak at port site (p=0.047), and minor complications like port site bleeding are more with open method. While one case pre peritoneal insufflation is noted in case of closed method. Herep<0.05 in most of the cases. Hence, it is statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our study, we can conclude that both methods i.e. open and closed methods of creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery are safe to perform. The open technique has slightly more incidence of minor complications due to large incision size but has advantage of lesser duration needed for procedure.
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Jiang, Ruijian, Yi Liu, and Xiangjun Wang. "Simulation analysis of open and closed air gap of open and closed magnetic core." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3000, no. 1 (2025): 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3000/1/012041.
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Abstract The magnetic core is the core of the fluxgate current sensor. In order to better analyze the effect of magnetic field bias on the hysteresis curve of the magnetic core caused by the measurement current of the fluxgate probe, a DC magnetic bias correction is carried out on the basis of the J-A model, and numerical simulations are performed to calculate the correction model. In order to improve the saturation and agglomeration performance of air-gap cores, four kinds of opening and closing structures are designed, which provide an optimization method for the design of the opening and closing structures of actual sensor cores. The current detection technology has a variety of products at home and abroad, but the open and close oversized aperture current sensors that can measure weak currents have not yet appeared. Due to a variety of problems that limit the accuracy, there is a need to design a strong agglomeration of magnetic anti-jamming probes in this research.
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ElGohary, Hatem. "Semi-Closed Method as Alternative to Open and Closed Methods for the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease." Ain Shams Journal of Surgery 17, no. 2 (2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asjs.2017.178399.
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Tailor, Anandkumar Sureshbhai, Kamaleshkumar A. Patel, Patel Kishan Manoj Kumar, Avi Paras Rangwala, and Vijay Patel. "Analysis between Open Method and Closed Method of Reduction in Intra-articular Joint Depression Type of Calcaneal Fractures." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 10, no. 4 (2024): 6044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2024.10.4.39.
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Shanmugaiah, Anand, and Saravanan Pandian. "Prospective Randomized Study between Open Vs Closed Lateral Anal Internal Sphincterotomy in Patients with Chronic Fissure in Ano." Academia Journal of Surgery 3, no. 1 (2020): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47008/ajs/2020.3.1.36.
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Background: One of the the most common cause of pain during defecationin young patientsis chronic fissure in ano. Surgical treatment of choice for chronic fissure in ano is internal sphincterotomy. This procedure can be performed by open or closed method. The aim of the study was to compare the closed and open anal internal sphincterotomy in patients admitted in our hospital with chronic anal fissure. Subjects and Methods: 105 patients admitted in department of general surgery with chronic fissure in ano were divided into two groups. 50 patients (Group A) who were treated by closed method and 55 patients (Group B) who were managed by open lateralanal sphincterotomy method. A 3 months follow up done in both post-surgery to observe for pain, bleeding, infection, incontinence, and recurrence. Results: Significant difference was observed in postoperative acute complications between the two methods of internal anal sphincterotomy. Conclusion: Lateral anal sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure, either open or closed method. However, the closed method was observed to have lesserpost operative complication compared to the open method.
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Duncavage, James A., Robert H. Ossoff, and Jay A. Werkhave. "Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Open and Closed Methods." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (1995): P61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80127-5.
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ÖZSOY, S., and K. ALTUNATMAZ. "Treatment of extremity fractures in dogs using external fixators with closed reduction and limited open approach." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 5 (2012): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5760-vetmed.
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Humerus, tibia and antebrachium fractures determined in 30 dogs of different breed, age, weight and gender were treated using Type I and II external fixators. Meynard and handcuff clamps were used in the external fixators. Limited open approach was applied in 6 of the cases and closed reduction techniques in 24. In cases where closed reduction and stabilisation was done, the patients were seen to use their leg within 3&ndash;10 days post-operatively and that walking was reasonably good after 20 days. In cases to which a limited open approach had been applied, use of leg was achieved in a period close to the closed method.
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Sutradhar, Bibek Chandra, Sreekanta Biswas, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, et al. "Semi-open Herniorrhaphy Reduces Postoperative Complications of Umbilical Hernia in Male Calves." European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 3, no. 1 (2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2023.3.1.45.
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Umbilical hernia is the most common birth defect in calves, especially in the male. The aim of this study was to justify the semi-open herniorrhaphy compared with other techniques for the treatment of umbilical hernia in male calves. This research included 54 clinical cases of reducible umbilical hernia (11 indigenous, 43 crossbred calves). The ages of 54 calves ranged from less than 1 month to 6 months. Sizes of the hernial ring ranged from 2-6 cm. Out of the 54 hernias, 20 were treated with open herniorrhaphy, 16 with closed herniorrhaphy, and 18 with semi-open herniorrhaphy. Among the three correction methods of umbilical hernia in calves, the semi-open herniorrhaphy was the best with a 96.65% recovery rate without any complication, followed by the closed method (93.3%) and open method (66.67%) of herniorrhaphy. The average recovery period was also the best in semi-open herniorrhaphy (10.27 days), followed by the open method (12.44 days) and the close method (21.01 days). These findings suggest that semi-open herniorrhaphy is the best method to correct umbilical hernia in calves, especially in the male.
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Lavezzi, Giovanni, and Marco Ciarcià. "Hybrid Open/Closed-Loop Attitude Control Method for Imaging Satellites." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 34, no. 5 (2021): 04021067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001293.
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Muhammad, Rashid, Dost Mohammad Sohu, Zamir Ahmed Soomro, et al. "Comparison of Efficacy between Open and Close Reduction in Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children Using Flynn’s Criteria." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (2022): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610345.
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Objective: To compare the efficacy between open and close reduction in supracondylar fracture of humerus in children using Flynn’s criteria. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (open reduction and closed reduction groups). Each group had 50 patients. Fracture-fragments which were reduced through open reduction protocol or closed reduction were operated under highly standardized care and fixation was performed through K wiring in cross wise pattern. Results: Most of the children were male in both groups with only 20 and 24% females in open and closed reduction groups respectively. The efficacy analysis presented that open reduction efficacy was only 8-10 percent respectively in 5-10 and 11-15 years children respectively. The Flynn criteria also presented that 31 cases of open reduction were having an excellent grade followed by 14 with good. Conclusion: Open reduction method to be superior over closed reduction with higher number of satisfactory scores and efficacy. Keywords: Efficacy, Supracondylar fracture, Flynn’s criteria, Open reduction, Close reduction
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Baruah, A., N. Topno, S. Ghosh, et al. "A Study of the Safety and Morbidity Profile of Closed versus Open Technique of Laparoscopic Primary Peritoneal Access Port in Patients Undergoing Routine Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeastern India." Minimally Invasive Surgery 2022 (July 12, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1017551.
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Introduction. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard operation for gallstone disease. Primary port placement into the abdomen is a blind procedure and is challenging with chances of unforeseen complications. The complication rate has remained the same during the past 25 years. Both closed/Veress and open/Hasson’s techniques are commonly employed and have their typical indications for use. Materials and Methods. This prospective study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, from January 2014 to January 2016, with the aim to compare the safety profile of closed/Veress and open/Hasson’s methods of access to the abdomen during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The study had 400 eligible cases undergoing LC who were randomly allotted into 2 groups with 200 cases each: group A: closed/Veress needle method and group B: open/Hasson’s method. Results. Closed/Veress and open/Hasson’s method of establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is equally safe in terms of major complications. The closed/Veress method gives faster access to the abdomen as compared to the open method (5.62 ± 2.23 minutes and 7.18 ± 2.52 minutes, respectively, p value <0.0001). The open/Hasson’s method is associated with more primary port site complications (9/200 vs. 0/200, p value 0.0036) and troublesome intraoperative gas leaks (39/200 vs. 2/200, p value <0.0001). The open technique for primary peritoneal access port for laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not impart any additional benefits in terms of safety and morbidity profile in patients undergoing LC. Conclusion. The closed/Veress method of establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is equally safe in terms of major complications and gives quicker access to the abdomen as compared to the open method.
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Gleason, E., S. Grossman, and C. Campbell. "Minimizing diagnostic blood loss in critically ill patients." American Journal of Critical Care 1, no. 1 (1992): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1992.1.1.85.
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BACKGROUND: Blood loss from diagnostic procedures in critically ill patients needs to be minimized. Traditionally, when drawing blood from arterial lines, the initial sample used to clear the line has been discarded (open method). Use of a temporary reservoir enables this discard sample to be returned to the patient (closed method). METHODS: Critically ill surgical patients were prospectively randomized to the open or closed method of drawing blood from arterial lines. Blood loss to diagnostic sampling was measured in both groups. RESULTS: A comparison study (n = 1657) of these two methods revealed that blood loss to the patient was significantly decreased (P &lt;&lt; .01) using the closed method. Mean blood loss per patient per day was 69 mL in the open group (n = 873) vs 35 mL in the closed group (n = 784). CONCLUSIONS: Use of the closed method when drawing blood from arterial lines results in a significant decrease in blood lost to diagnostic procedures.
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Salnan Irba Novaela Samur and Risma Novela Esti. "Egg Quality of Layer Hens Reared in Two Different Housing Systems." Bantara Journal of Animal Science 6, no. 2 (2024): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/bjas.v6i2.5353.
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This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the quality of eggs from chickens raised in closed-house and open-house cages. This study was conducted in Close housed and house cages for Isa Brown strain layer chickens in the Blitar Regency area in May 2024. The materials used in this study were 40 eggs of 68-week-old Isa Brown strain chickens kept in closed houses and open houses. This research was conducted using an experimental quantitative method using an unpaired t-test, which was analyzed using the Microsoft Excel application. The results showed that the egg weights of chickens reared in the closed house and open house were 63.80 g and 59.68 g; the egg index was 79.06 from the closed house cage and 76.19 from the open house cage. The Yolk index was 0.65 from the closed-house cage and 0.74 from the open-house cage. Haugh Unit (HU) 61.90 from the closed house cage and 64.40 from the open house cage. This study concludes that there is a significant difference in the quality of eggs from chickens reared in closed and open houses. The best egg weight and index were found in chickens reared in a closed house. At the same time, the best yolk index and HU were found in eggs from hens reared in open houses.
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N.Al-Asadi,, R., and S. I. Salih. "A COPARATIVE STUDY OF CASTRATION IN PIGS." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 16, no. 1 (1992): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v16i1.1620.
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Castration was performed on 46 pigs aged between (2-8) months using open and closed methods under the effect of local and general anaesthesia .Secondary complication includes bleeding, odema and peritonitis occured in seven cases when using open method while the remaining animals healed by first intenstion. only. In closed method, secondary complication was observed in one animal 
 The results of the present study indicated the preference of using closed method castration in pigs.
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Ashutosh, Kumar Singh, Kumar Lalan, and Narayan Rajesh. "A Prospective Study to Compare Open and Closed Method of Drainage of Breast Absces." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 16, no. 01 (2024): 172–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11001200.
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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to compare open versus closed modalities of treatment of breast abscessand to isolate the commonest organism responsible for breast abscess.Methods: A prospective study was designed to compare the breast abscess cases (both open and closed) admittedin Department of Surgery for the period of two years. Total 100 cases were selected for the study and divided intotwo groups, the open group and the closed group.Results: Maximum no. of cases i.e. 60 (60%) were observed in the 15-25 yrs of age group followed by patientsmore than 26-35 years (20%). In the present study, pain was present in 100% of patients, 48 (96%) patients hadswelling and 83 (83%) patients complained history of fever on presentation. Out of 46 cases operated by openmethod, 30 (64%) cases were lactating mothers, while 18 (36%) cases were non-lactating. Abscess on right sidewas more common (64%) then on left side (36%). Maximum no. of patients 58 (58%) had breast abscess in theupper outer quadrant followed by 25 (25%) cases in the lower outer quadrant, 13 (13%) cases in the upper innerquadrant, and 4 (4%) case in the lower inner quadrant. It was found that the most common organism found wascoagulase positive Staphylococci, in 71 (71%) patients. In the study in 24 (24%) cases no organism was grown inthe culture i.e. it was a sterile culture. In 5 cases (5%) E. coli species was grown in culture. The total number ofdressings in the open category was 15.45, whereas in the closed category it was 3.32. Among the total cases, totalrecurrence was seen in 10 (10%) cases from which 3 (6%) cases in open group and in 7 (14%) cases in closedgroup.Conclusion: Dressing in conventional method is painful and causes discomfort to the patient. Primary closuretechnique has a major drawback of failure, but the failure rates are acceptable. The duration of hospital stay andnursing care was less in primary closure technique as compared to open method of treatment.
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Ahn, Tae-In, and Jung-Eek Son. "Application of an Alternative Nutrient Replenishment Method to Electrical Conductivity-Based Closed-Loop Soilless Cultures of Sweet Peppers." Horticulturae 8, no. 4 (2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040295.
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The nutrient replenishment method primarily impacts the nutrient variations in a closed-loop soilless culture system. However, there is still a lack of systematic approaches for the effective way of nutrient replenishment. Our previous study theoretically derived and experimentally validated an alternative nutrient replenishment method expecting synchronized total fertilizer supply to total nutrient absorption by crops and lower concentration fluctuations than conventional methods. However, no individual nutrient management has been performed. The objective of this study was to apply individual nutrient management to the alternative nutrient replenishment technique under experimental- and commercial-scale electrical conductivity (EC)-based closed-loop soilless cultures. Automated nutrient solution mixing modules and sweet peppers grown on rockwool slabs were used. Nutrient concentrations and crop productivity were compared between the closed-loop system using the alternative nutrient replenishment and the conventional open-loop systems. During early treatment, rapid decreases in K+ and H2PO4− were observed in the closed-loop system. However, after the stock solution nutrient adjustment, the decreasing trend was stabilized and returned close to initial concentrations. No significant differences in sugar content, incidence of blossom-end rot, and productivity of sweet peppers were observed between the closed- and open-loop soilless cultures. We confirmed that the nutrient variation stabilizing effect of the alternative nutrient replenishment method was valid under nutrient adjustment conditions and had comparable nutrient management performance with the open-loop system.
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DU, HONGYUE. "ADAPTIVE OPEN-PLUS-CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL METHOD OF MODIFIED FUNCTION PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION IN COMPLEX NETWORKS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 22, no. 12 (2011): 1393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183111016956.
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This paper investigates the modified function projective synchronization (MFPS) in drive-response dynamical networks (DRDNs) with different nodes, which means that systems in nodes are strictly different. An adaptive open-plus-closed-loop (AOPCL) control method is proposed, which is a practically realizable method and can overcome the model mismatched to achieve synchronization. It is well known that each of the close-loop and open-loop control method possesses some advantages and disadvantages. By combining their advantages, the open-plus-closed-loop (OPCL) control method was proposed by Jackson and Grosu. For arbitrary nonlinear dynamic systems, dx/dt = F(x,t), Jackson and Grosu proved that there exists solutions, x(t), in the neighborhood of any arbitrary goal dynamics g(t) that are entrained to g(t), through the use of an additive controlling action, K(g,x,t) = H(dg/dt,g) + C(g,t)(g(t) - x), which is the sum of the open-loop action, H(dg/dt,g), and a suitable linear closed-loop (feedback) action C(g,t). This method is a practically realizable method and robust to limited accuracy of data and effects of noise. The AOPCL control method preserve the merits of OPCL control method and its closed loop control part can be automatically adapted to suitable constants. Considering time-delays are always unavoidably in the practical situations, MFPS in DRDNs with time-varying coupling delayed is further investigated by the proposed method. Corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the analytical results.
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Abhishek, Sinha, Kumar Abhishek, and Kumari Puja. "A Prospective Comparative Observational Study to Evaluate Open versus Closed Method of Drainage of Breast Abscess." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 16, no. 2 (2024): 281–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12739751.
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Aim : The aim of the present study was to compare open versus closed modalities of treatment of breast abscessand to isolate the commonest organism responsible for breast abscess.Methods : A cross sectional prospective study was designed to compare the breast abscess cases (both open andclosed) admitted in Department of Surgery, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar,India for a period of 2 years. A total of 200 cases were selected for the study and divided into two groups - opengroup and closed group.Results : Maximum number of cases i.e. 120 (60%) were observed in the 15-25 yrs of age group followed bypatients in 26-35 years of age group (20%). In the present study, pain was present in 100% of patients, 96%patients had swelling and 8 (3%) patients complained of history of fever on presentation. Out of 92 cases operatedby open method, 64% cases were lactating mothers, while 36% cases were non-lactating. Abscess on right sidewas more common (64%) than on the left side (36%). Maximum number of patients 116 (58%) had breast abscessin the upper outer quadrant followed by 50 (25%) cases in the lower outer quadrant, 26 (13%) cases in the upperinner quadrant and 8 (4%) case in the lower inner quadrant. The total number of dressings in the open categorywas 16.44, whereas in the closed category it was 3.38. Among the total cases, total recurrence was seen in 20(10%) cases from which 6 (6%) cases in open group and in 14 (14%) cases in closed group.Conclusion : Dressing in conventional method is painful and causes discomfort to the patient. Primary closuretechnique has a major drawback of failure but the failure rates are acceptable. The duration of hospital stay andnursing care was less in primary closure technique as compared to open method of treatment.
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Abhishek, Sinha, Kumar Abhishek, and Kumari Puja. "A Prospective Comparative Observational Study to Evaluate Open versus Closed Method of Drainage of Breast Abscess." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 16, no. 2 (2024): 281–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14928165.
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Aim : The aim of the present study was to compare open versus closed modalities of treatment of breast abscessand to isolate the commonest organism responsible for breast abscess.Methods : A cross sectional prospective study was designed to compare the breast abscess cases (both open andclosed) admitted in Department of Surgery, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar,India for a period of 2 years. A total of 200 cases were selected for the study and divided into two groups - opengroup and closed group.Results : Maximum number of cases i.e. 120 (60%) were observed in the 15-25 yrs of age group followed bypatients in 26-35 years of age group (20%). In the present study, pain was present in 100% of patients, 96%patients had swelling and 8 (3%) patients complained of history of fever on presentation. Out of 92 cases operatedby open method, 64% cases were lactating mothers, while 36% cases were non-lactating. Abscess on right sidewas more common (64%) than on the left side (36%). Maximum number of patients 116 (58%) had breast abscessin the upper outer quadrant followed by 50 (25%) cases in the lower outer quadrant, 26 (13%) cases in the upperinner quadrant and 8 (4%) case in the lower inner quadrant. The total number of dressings in the open categorywas 16.44, whereas in the closed category it was 3.38. Among the total cases, total recurrence was seen in 20(10%) cases from which 6 (6%) cases in open group and in 14 (14%) cases in closed group.Conclusion : Dressing in conventional method is painful and causes discomfort to the patient. Primary closuretechnique has a major drawback of failure but the failure rates are acceptable. The duration of hospital stay andnursing care was less in primary closure technique as compared to open method of treatment.
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Lalit, Govind Vadher, and Jalu Uday. "Assessing Open versus Closed Techniques for Pneumoperitoneum Creation in Laparoscopic Surgery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 11 (2024): 887–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14250877.
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<strong>Background and Aim: </strong>Research has consistently documented instances of visceral perforation across various studies employing both open and closed techniques. The condition is linked to a significant mortality rate, primarily because numerous injuries may go unrecognized during surgical procedures. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of open versus closed techniques for intraperitoneal access in creating pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>The study included all patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgeries, specifically those aged between 18 and 70 years, regardless of gender. The study involved fifty patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies and decision to divide the patients into two groups was made with careful consideration of the surgeon’s preference and expertise, resulting in 25 patients being assigned to either the open or closed method for creating pneumoperitoneum. To assess the score for Surgical Site Infection (SSI), the Southampton Wound Scoring System was employed, and the Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure the pain level experienced at the port site. <strong>Results:</strong> The time taken to close the umbilical port differed between the two groups, with the open group averaging 5.3 ± 12.1 minutes and the closed group averaging 6.4 ± 09.4 minutes. Our study revealed that the average time taken to close the umbilical port was 8.12 ± 0.24 minutes for the open group, compared to 9.22 ± 3.54 minutes for the closed group. The difference observed was found to be highly statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the context of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, our findings indicate that the open technique provides faster access to the pneumoperitoneum compared to the closed approach when evaluated under similar conditions.
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Viastika, Yanita Mutiaraning. "Efisiensi Usaha Peternakan Ayam Broiler dengan Sistem Manajemen Closed House dan Open House." Eksis: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis 12, no. 1 (2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/eksis.v12i1.243.
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This study aims to identify the ratio of broiler farm business income with closed house and open house management systems. The research method used was a survey method using purposive sampling. As treatment there are two cage management systems, namely closed house and open house. The research method uses profit analysis and R / C ratio. The results showed that 1) the profit obtained by the broiler breeder business with the open house cage system was greater than that of the closed house. 2) the broiler chicken coop business that uses the open house and closed house systems is classified as efficient. This finding implies that chicken farmers can choose an open house cage system because it is more profitable.
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Raman, Ohary, Kushwanshi Anil, and Sengar Shaily. "Complications and Mortality Patterns in Burn Patients: A Study of Open and Closed Dressings in General Ward and Burn Unit." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 5 (2023): 730–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12577638.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Burns caused by various sources such as friction, cold, heat, radiation, chemical, or electric sources. However, the majority of burn injuries are caused by heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. Burn injuries are significant injuries that can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the complications and mortality patterns of burn patients with respect to open and closed dressing methods in a general ward or burn unit. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was conducted on 764 patients who were admitted to the surgical ward and burn unit of the Department of General Surgery. General and systemic examinations were performed to identify any associated problems. Patients were then categorized into four groups based on the percentage and depth of burn, the body surface involved, and the age of the patient for systemic therapy and local dressing. Selection of patients was done for open or closed dressing. Resuscitation of the patient was done, and the burn wound was treated using open or closed dressing based on specific criteria. Dressing was changed every 3rd or 4th day, and the wound was examined, debrided, and managed accordingly. <strong>Results:</strong> The study found that 32.72% of patients had tachycardia, 30.49% had hypotension, and a significant number of patients (17.14%) had cold extremities. Mortality was higher in females than males, with an overall mortality rate of 34.81%. Mortality was higher in the 15-30 years age group (40.80%). Pain persisted for a longer duration (10 days) in patients treated with the exposure method, while it was shorter (8 days) in the group treated with closed dressing. More cases of epithelization (10%) were found in open dressing compared to closed dressing (8.38%). Majority of patients recovered, but a significant number of cases (19.39%) died. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, the study found that the open method was superior to the closed dressing method, especially in patients with less extensive burns of extremities. The open method had less pus discharge, less problem of foul odours, early epithelisation, and shorter hospital stay.
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Makarov, Vladimir, Péter Kovacs, Samuel Dagmar, and Riccardo Paulman. "Technological Solutions for Processing Closed Coal Mines by Open Pit Method." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184101041.
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The main sources of environmental pollution are: pollution from the residual effects of working out of mine fields by underground method; pollution from secondary mining of mine fields by the open method. The pollution of the environment from the underground mining of mine fields is mainly due to the erosion of the surface of the ditches caused by collapse of the underground workings, spontaneous combustion of the remaining coal reserves and exit of poison gases SO2 and CO to the surface through the cracks from the lower horizons of the worked-out mine fields. This makes actual the research of technological possibilities of harmful emissions reducing when quarrying underground mines’ fields. The environment deterioration from conducting open pit mining operations in the underground mine fields is caused by the technological processes of quarrying (preparation of rock for excavation, excavation, transportation of rocks and coal, dumping), by the objects of the open pit infrastructure (industrial site, transport communications, trenches and other workings, coal storage and rock dumps). The main direction of eliminating the negative environmental consequences of underground mining is the localization or complete isolation of the underground mines influence’ on the surface.
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Jansson, Magnus. "A NEW SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION METHOD FOR OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP DATA." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.00084.
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Chotai, Neet R., B. B. Choksi, Sushil Damor, and Amul Bhedi. "Intraperitoneal access by closed method (veress needle) versus open (Hasson’s) method in laparoscopic surgery to create pneumoperitoneum." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 8 (2017): 2786. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173419.
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Background: Access into the abdomen is the one challenge of laparoscopy that is particular to the insertion of surgical instruments through small incisions. In the last three decades, rapid advances in laparoscopic surgery have made it an invaluable part of general surgery, but there remains no clear consensus as an on optimal method of entry into the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to study the comparison and efficacy between closed (veress needle)and open method (Hasson’s) of intraperitoneal access to create pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgeries.Methods: All patients >18 year undergoing laparoscopic procedure at Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad Hospital attached to Medical College Baroda from November 2015 to November 2016, and include 160 patients. This was Prospective study and total 160 cases of Laparoscopic surgery was taken in 1-year period. Methods used to create pneumoperitoneum were of surgeon’s choice in each case. Cases were performed by one method more than other method (63 patients by veress needle and 97 by open method). Student t test (two tailed, independent) had been used to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale between two groups. All data were entered in Microsoft Excel sheet. Data calculation was done in software - Microsoft Excel and Medcalc statistical software 16.8.4.0.Results: The Mean operative time for access in veress needle group was 5.12 mins as compare to open method where it was 3.94 mins. Port site Gas leakage was slightly more in open method. There were no any major complications occurred in any group. There were minor complications occur in both methods at access like; omental injury, port site gas leakage, extra-peritoneal insufflations, loss of space and entry in wrong plane.Conclusions: For intraperitoneal access in laparoscopy, both the closed and the open methods are safe and the open technique had a time advantage over the closed method.
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Sheng, Zaiquan, and Kazuo Yamafuji. "A General Method for Direct Kinematic Equation Computation of Closed Link Mechanisms." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, no. 2 (1994): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0169.
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This paper proposes a general and systematic computational scheme for the dynamic motion of closed link mechanisms. The scheme can also be extended to multiple closed kinematic mechanisms. The closed link mechanism is essentially, treated as if it were cut at one of joints. The closed link mechanism is then equivalent to an open tree structure mechanism with constraints at the cut joint: By applying d’Alembert’s principle, the dynamic motion for the equivalent open tree structure mechanism with constraints is established. Based on the constraints condition of the original closed link mechanism, we can obtain the constraint equations about the acceleration of the original closed link mechanism. Using these constraints, we derive a simple and general scheme for the dynamic motion computation of the original non-redundant and controllable closed link mechanism. The scheme avoids direct computation of Lagrangian multipliers; instead Lagrangian multipliers are treated as a part of the variables of the closed link mechanism. As shown by an example of a four-bar closed link mechanism in this paper, the scheme is simple and efficient.
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Mohapatra, Raghunath, Dasarathi Murmu, and Alok Mohanty. "A comparative study of open and closed hemorrhoidectomy." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (2018): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20182249.
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Background: Hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third-degree or fourth-degree haemorrhoids. This prospective randomized clinical study compared the outcome of surgical haemorrhoidectomy by open and closed techniques in terms of postoperative pain, wound healing, and morbidity.Methods: All consecutive patients with Grade III internal haemorrhoids or Grade IV haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The entire wound was left open in the open group and completely closed using 2-0 chromic sutures in the closed group. Postoperative pain was assessed by a linear analog scale. Additional consumption of analgesics on the day of surgery and at defecation during the first week was recorded. Patients were followed up 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the procedure.Results: There were 30 patients in each group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two methods regarding complications, pain, or postoperative stay. There were four reoperations for bleeding, all after Milligan-Morgan operations. At follow-up after three weeks 78 percent of the Ferguson patients had completely healed wounds, and none had signs of infection. Of the Milligan-Morgan patients, only 26 percent had completely healed wounds, and symptoms of delayed wound healing were significantly more frequent.Conclusions: Both methods are fairly efficient treatment for third and fourth degree hemorrhoids, without serious drawbacks. The closed method has no advantage in postoperative pain reduction but is more advantageous with respect to faster wound healing.
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Duan, Jin, Xiao Ming Chen, Hu Qi, and Yun Gui Li. "Boundary-Constraint Meshing Based on Paving Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.262.
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This paper would modify thepaving method of Blacker and Stephenson [1] to generate boundary-constraint quad-mesh for arbitrary plane geometry. The basic idea for the present method is to classify the initial boundaries into closed borders and open borders.The closed borders aredescribed in a manner just the same as the paving method while the open borders areheuristically modeled as cracks with zero-width.And then the two kinds of borders aredelicatelyconnected each other to generate a new kind of boundary, named generalized closed boundary. Based on the newboundaries, the paving methodin Ref. [1] is adopted and modified slightly to generate quadrilateral elements by layering the geometry from the boundary toward the interior. And finally some meshing examples would be presented to illustrate the availability and power of the modified paving method.
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Panagiotou, Eleni, and Louis H. Kauffman. "Knot polynomials of open and closed curves." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2240 (2020): 20200124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0124.
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In this manuscript, we introduce a method to measure entanglement of curves in 3-space that extends the notion of knot and link polynomials to open curves. We define the bracket polynomial of curves in 3-space and show that it has real coefficients and is a continuous function of the curve coordinates. This is used to define the Jones polynomial in a way that it is applicable to both open and closed curves in 3-space. For open curves, the Jones polynomial has real coefficients and it is a continuous function of the curve coordinates and as the endpoints of the curve tend to coincide, the Jones polynomial of the open curve tends to that of the resulting knot. For closed curves, it is a topological invariant, as the classical Jones polynomial. We show how these measures attain a simpler expression for polygonal curves and provide a finite form for their computation in the case of polygonal curves of 3 and 4 edges.
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Halkia, E., A. Tsochrinis, D. T. Vassiliadou, et al. "Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Intraoperative Parameters in Open (Coliseum) versus Closed Abdomen Hipec." International Journal of Surgical Oncology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/610597.
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Background.Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC play an important role in well-selected patients with PC. The aim of the study is to present the differences in the intraoperative parameters in patients who received HIPEC in two different manners, open versus closed abdomen.Patients and Methods.The population includes 105 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal, gastric, and ovarian cancer, sarcoma, mesothelioma, and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Group A(n=60)received HIPEC using the open technique and Group B(n=45)received HIPEC with the closed technique. The main end points were morbidity, mortality, and overall hospital stay.Results.There were two postoperative deaths (3.3%) in the open group versus no deaths in the closed group. Twenty-two patients in the open group (55%) had grade III-IV complications versus 18 patients in the closed group (40%). There are more stable intraoperative conditions in the closed abdomen HIPEC in CVP, pulse rate, and systolic pressure parameters.Conclusions.Both methods are equal in the HIPEC procedures. Perhaps the closed method is the method of choice for frail patients due to more stable hemodynamic parameters.
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Yu, Yushu, Jinglin Li, Xin Li, and Yi Yang. "Error Uncertainty Analysis in Planar Closed-Loop Structure with Joint Clearances." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111872.
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For planar closed-loop structures with clearances, the angular and positional error uncertainties are studied. By using the vector translation method and geometric method, the boundaries of the errors are analyzed. The joint clearance is considered as being distributed uniformly in a circle area. A virtual link projection method is proposed to deal with the clearance affected length error probability density function (PDF) for open-loop links. The error relationship between open loop and closed loop is established. The open-loop length PDF and the closed-loop angular error PDF both approach being Gaussian distribution if there are many clearances. The angular propagation error of multi-loop structures is also investigated by using convolution. The positional errors of single and multiple loops are both discussed as joint distribution functions. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the proposed methods.
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Fegade, Snehal Vishnu, and Nandini Anil Patil. "A comparative study of open method versus closed method of drainage in breast abscess." MedPulse International Journal of Surgery 11, no. 3 (2019): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26611/1061133.
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Vaishnani, Bhavesh V., Kapil R. Kachhadiya, and Mohit R. Chauhan. "A comparative study of the open versus closed method of pneumoperitoneum creation in laparoscopic surgery." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 11 (2021): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20214368.
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Background: The main challenge facing the laparoscopic surgery is the primary abdominal access, as it is usually a blind procedure and associated with many complications including life threading vascular and visceral injuries. Techniques for the creation of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy include the standard technique of insufflation after insertion of the Veress needle (closed method), open laparoscopy (Hasson technique) and many others.Methods: This is observational study conducted in the department of General surgery, PDUMC, Rajkot from September 2018 to September 2020 comprising of 100 cases, 50 cases from each methods. The patients admitted in our department for Laparoscopic surgery was taken up for the study. The Purpose of our study is to assess the practicality of both methods in creation of pneumoperitoneum and to compare both methods with regards to ease of performance and incidence of complications.Results: Average size of incision (p=-5.426) is more in open method, hence more incidence of minor complications like multiple attempts, gas leak at port site and port site bleeding in open method while less duration for creating pneumoperitoneum (p=0) as compared to closed method. While there is no major complications in either groups.Conclusions: Open technique is as good as closed technique, and is good alternative to closed technique.
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Otkun, Özcan, R. Özgür Doğan, and A. Sefa Akpinar. "Performance Analysis of Linear Permanent Magnets Synchronous Motor by Scalar Control Method (v/f)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.199.
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This study is conducted to improve the performance of Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by using Scalar Control Method. To do this, open and closed loop control methods are used. The study is modeled with MATLAB / SIMULINK. Firstly, the Simulink model has been developed by using equations dq axis system of the motor. Then, a scalar control method is modeled. Thirdly, open and closed loop control forms are modeled. From these models, current, thrust force, and speed graphs were obtained. It is seen on the graphs, the motor's closed loop PID control at scalar control method provide positive results.
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Thakore, Digpal, M. S. RAY, Naresh Modi, Brinda Panchal, Aditya Raval, and Vishal Patel. "Comparative study of outcomes in patients where pneumoperitoneum is created by Veress needle versus open method in laparoscopic surgeries." International Surgery Journal 10, no. 3 (2023): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20230497.
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Background: The establishment of pneumoperitoneum is the inevitable first step in laparoscopic surgery as it increases the distance between the anterior abdominal wall and intra-abdominal viscera, thus creating a working space. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 50 patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, in first group, pneumoperitoneum is created by Veress needle and in second group, pneumoperitoneum is created by open method. Results: The open method takes less time to create pneumoperitoneum while leads to statistically significant more gas leaks as compared to the closed method. Conclusions: The open technique is almost equal to closed technique or Veress technique in terms of the time taken to complete the operation and major and minor complications because there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these parameters between the two techniques. The open method takes less time to create pneumoperitoneum while leads to statistically significant more gas leaks as compared to the closed method.
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Banis, George, Emmanouela Mangiorou, Panagiota Tselou, Angelo Ferraro, and Evangelos Hristoforou. "Magnetic Particles Retaining on Open and Closed Systems." Key Engineering Materials 826 (October 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.826.25.
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In recent decades the application of magnetic iron oxide micro-and nanoparticles has been established in various technological fields, such as magnetic separation of biomolecules and ions, biosensors, biofuel production and others [1-4]. Working with iron oxide particles is becoming main stream subject thanks to the facility that this kind of materials can be functionalized with a variety of chemical groups which confer them specific selective or catalytic properties [5]. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticles present magnetic properties, and in particular super-paramagnetism, which allows to remotely control them making their manipulation easy and cost-effective [6]. In addition, a new method of synthesis has been recently proposed, which can guarantee a cost-effective production of magnetic particles that may further reduce the running cost of separation methods based on magnetism [7]. Nevertheless, biotechnological applications of iron oxide particles are still confined to research level (lab scale devices) or for low throughput clinical applications [8,9]. Indeed, most systems based on the use of magnetic elements are design to work with microfluid dynamic or are able to process samples in bath-based fashion, therefore discontinuously. The need of robust and high-productive methods is demanded especially in bioscience where, independently from the reaction or process involving magnetic particles, once such composite materials are mixed or added to a given solution, inevitably at the end of workflow they must be separated/harvested from the reaction vessel. Therefore, it is vital for a good productivity and processivity of reactions involving magnetic particles to ensure that large volumes of solution can be treated, and magnetic particles withdrew in the most fast and accurate way. The purpose of this paper is to compare an open and a closed type magnetic trapping system regarding their efficiency using two different types of magnetic sources.
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Hu, Juju, Qin Xue, and Yinghua Ji. "Identification of open quantum system: Via closed feedback control." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 27 (2019): 1950327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503272.
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For stochastic quantum systems with given dissipations, the identification method of Hamiltonian is given in this paper. First, the stability of the system is realized through designing a real-time feedback control method. Second, by using Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, the intervals of the element values of the system Hamiltonians are given. Finally, the identification of Hamiltonian is realized by selecting the equilibrium state of the system equal to the desired target state. For two typical categories of noise: Purely dephasing decoherence and amplitude damping decoherence, we check the validity of the proposed estimation scheme.
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CHICK, VICTORIA. "On Open Systems." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 24, no. 1 (2004): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638.
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ABSTRACT To many, economics is seen as increasingly divorced from reality. I shall argue that one of the causes of this divorce is the attachment to closed-system theorising, and advocate instead the method of open systems with partial and temporary closures. Definitions of closed and open systems are examined. It is evident that there are many different criteria which may define open systems. Theorists differ in their emphasis on one or other criterion. There are also different dimensions of openness: openness to non-economic factors; the openness of economic theories themselves; the interplay of micro- and macro-economics; and the treatment of time. These are explored, using Keynes’s General Theory as a case study of an open system.
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Laidlaw, William G., and Milan Trsic. "Molecular conformation of ozone and thiozone: the transition state method." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (1985): 2044–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-337.
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The relative energy of the closed and open forms of ozone and thiozone are calculated using the HFS DVM transition state method. For ozone the open form is lower by some 21 kcal/mol and for thiozone the open form is some 11 kcal/mol lower.
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Sauren, LD, EJ Mooren, EE Severdija, PW Weerwind, and JG Maessen. "Emboli occurrence during coronary artery bypass surgery: the influence of a new method of perfusionist blood sampling." Perfusion 23, no. 5 (2008): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109103390.
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Peri-operative cerebral microemboli in cardiac surgery are associated with post-operative neurological complications. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and perfusionist interventions are important contributors of microemboli. In this study, we examined the influence of blood sampling by the perfusionist on the appearance of microembolic signals (MES) in an open and a closed CPB system. Fourteen patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), using either an open or closed CPB system. Patients were monitored with transcranial Doppler (TCD) for the occurrence MES in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) as well as in the arterial and venous lines of the CPB. In the closed system, two sampling methods were used, namely the “traditional” and the “E-line”. In the latter, a shunt line was applied from the manifold to the cardiotomy reservoir). In the open system, one method of blood sampling was used. Blood sampling in an open system or in a closed system using the E-line resulted in 0.2 (±0.56) MES, which was significantly lower than the traditional method (72 (±69) MES). The use of a shunt line reduces MES during blood sampling in a closed CPB system.
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Zhao, Xingyu, Qiuhong Li, Shuwei Pang, Zhaohui Xue, Daming Deng, and Feng Lu. "Research on Adaptive Cycle Engine Mode Transition Control Method." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061276.
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Mode transition is an important dynamic process of an adaptive cycle engine (ACE). In order to obtain a smooth mode transition process, the closed-loop controller is designed based on the strong robust augmented linear quadric regulator (ALQR) method, and with the objective of minimizing the thrust fluctuation in the process of mode transition, an open-loop geometrical mechanism control schedules optimization method based on Bézier curves is proposed, so that the closed-loop control and the open-loop control can work in coordination. The simulation results at the subsonic cruise operating point and supersonic cruise operating point show that based on the optimized open-loop geometrical mechanism control schedules and the designed closed-loop ALQR control system, the ACE achieves fast and smooth geometrical mechanisms and engine output transition during the mode transition process with a maximum thrust fluctuation of 2.58%, which is much smaller than that of the traditional linear variation geometric mechanisms with a maximum 4.64% thrust fluctuation, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
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Wan, Wenhai, Xinrui Wang, Ming-Kun Xie, Shao-Yuan Li, Sheng-Jun Huang, and Songcan Chen. "Unlocking the Power of Open Set: A New Perspective for Open-Set Noisy Label Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 14 (2024): 15438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i14.29469.
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Learning from noisy data has attracted much attention, where most methods focus on closed-set label noise. However, a more common scenario in the real world is the presence of both open-set and closed-set noise. Existing methods typically identify and handle these two types of label noise separately by designing a specific strategy for each type. However, in many real-world scenarios, it would be challenging to identify open-set examples, especially when the dataset has been severely corrupted. Unlike the previous works, we explore how models behave when faced with open-set examples, and find that a part of open-set examples gradually get integrated into certain known classes, which is beneficial for the separation among known classes. Motivated by the phenomenon, we propose a novel two-step contrastive learning method CECL (Class Expansion Contrastive Learning) which aims to deal with both types of label noise by exploiting the useful information of open-set examples. Specifically, we incorporate some open-set examples into closed-set classes to enhance performance while treating others as delimiters to improve representative ability. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets with diverse label noise demonstrate the effectiveness of CECL.
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KHOKHAR, M. I., H. R. U. ISLAM, and M. AYYAZ. "Open Versus Closed Pneurnoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." Annals of King Edward Medical University 11, no. 2 (2021): 155–58. https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v11i2.4301.
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Objective: To present experience of open versus closed pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Design: This is an observational, comparative study. Place and duration: South Surgical Unit, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from Jan 2001 to Dec 2002. Subjects and methods. This observational, comparative study was conducted in South Surgical Unit, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Hundred patients under-going laparoscopic cholecystectomy using conventional pneumoperitoneum techniques from January 2001 to December 2002 were included in this study. The closed and open techniques of establishing pneumoperitoneum have been compared for the time required for each technique, complications and post-op hospital stay. Results: In this study 72 patients out of 100 underwent closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum and in 28 patients open technique was employed. Time required to establish pneumoperitoneum was one to two minutes with a mean of 1.18 minutes in closed technique. It was two to three minutes with a mean of 2.21 minutes in open technique. Paired-t test was applied and value of t was -1.721, df 98 and p-value 0.000. So the difference was significant. Time required to close the wound was one to three minutes with a mean of 2.24 in closed and two to five minutes with a mean of 3.32 in open technique. T-value was -8.752, df 97 and p-value 0.000. So the difference was significant. Post-op day of discharge was one to five in closed and one to seven in open technique. t-value was -1 .390,df 98 and p-value 0.168. So the difference was not significant. Complications in 13 out of 72 patients occurred in closed while 6 patients out of 28 developed complications with open technique. Chi square test was applied p-value was found 0.994 8 in open pneumoperitoneum. This shows that the difference is not significant. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that the closed technique is better than open technique as regards the time required to establish the pneumoperitoneum and to close the wound. As there is no significant difference for complications and post-op hospital stay, so the closed technique can be used safely as well.
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Yang, Xianglong, Jinying Yu, Xiufang Chen, et al. "Basal plane bending of 4H-SiC single crystals grown by sublimation method with different seed attachment methods." CrystEngComm 20, no. 43 (2018): 6957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00910d.
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Jain, Adeesh P., Sarav C. Shah, Purva C. Shah, and Karan R. Patel. "A comparative study of open versus closed method of establishment of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 9 (2019): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194075.
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Background: Laparoscopy has overtaken open surgery as the choice of procedure wherever feasible. More than 50% of complications in laparoscopy occur during creation of pneumoperitoneum. In this study, we are comparing open or Hasson's method and closed or vress method of creation of pneumoperitoneum.Methods: This is a prospective comparative parallel randomised control trial conducted at the Department of Surgery, Baroda Medical College and SSG Hospital from November, 2017 to November, 2018. We divided the patients (n=100) into two groups i.e., open method (group O) (n1=50) and closed method (group C) (n2=50) groups using the envelope method of randomisation. We compared the two techniques in terms of time required to complete the procedures and complications (major and minor) associated with creation of pneumoperitoneum.Results: All the patients that participated in this study belonged to the age group of 10-69 years out of which majority were 15-50 years old. In our study, the mean time required to create pneumoperitoneum by closed method (group C) was 9.3 seconds while by open method (group O), it was 7.84 seconds with p value <0.001. There were 15 cases of gas leak from the port side, all recorded in the open method of establishment of pneumoperitoneum.Conclusions: Even though the open method takes less time to create pneumoperitoneum, both methods are similar in terms of time taken to complete the operation and major and minor complications because there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these parameters between the two techniques.
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Silber, Henning, Cornelia Zuell, and Steffen-M. Kuehnel. "What can we learn from open questions in surveys? A case study on non-voting reported in the 2013 German longitudinal election study." Methodology 16, no. 1 (2020): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.2801.
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Open survey questions are often used to evaluate closed questions. However, they can fulfil this function only if there is a strong link between answers to open questions and answers to related closed questions. Using reasons for non-voting reported in the German Longitudinal Election Study 2013, we investigated this link by examining whether the reported reasons for non-voting may be substantive reasons or ex-post legitimations. We tested five theoretically derived hypotheses about respondents who gave, or did not give, a specific reason. Results showed that (a) answers to open questions were indeed related to answers to closed questions and could be used in explanatory turnout models to predict voting behavior, and (b) the relationship between answers to open and closed questions and the predictive power of reasons given in response to the open questions were stronger in the post-election survey (reported behavior) than in the pre-election survey (intended behavior).
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de Buys Roessingh and Reinberg. "Open or Closed Pinning for Distal Humerus Fractures in Children?" Swiss Surgery 9, no. 2 (2003): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.9.2.76.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: In children, the choice between percutaneous pinning (PP) and open pinning fixation (OPF) for the surgical treatment of fractures of the distal humerus remains controversial, especially the PP method for internal humeral condylar (IHC) fractures. Patients and methods: Eighty fractures of the distal humerus in children were treated surgically in our hospital over a ten year period. 47% (n = 38) were supracondylar (SC), 20% (n = 16) comminuted (COM), 18% (n = 14) internal humeral condylar (IHC), and 15% (n = 12) lateral humeral condylar (LHC). We used PP, OPF and three times osteosynthesis with screws. Results: In comparison to OPF, PP reduced the length of hospitalization in SC fractures (2.8 versus 6.1 days) and IHC fractures (2.4 versus five days). It reduced the risk of extension deficiency (11.1% versus 15%) and of cubitus valgus (0% versus 20%) in SC fractures, and of cubitus varus in IHC fractures (0% versus 11.1%). However it induced a higher rate of cubitus valgus (11.1% versus 20%) in IHC fractures, one persistent neurological motor deficiency (radial nerve) and four cases of transitional neurological involvement (ulnar nerve). Conclusions: PP is a good surgical method for SC and for also for IHC fractures, if performed by experienced surgeons so as to avoid neurological damage.