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Journal articles on the topic 'Open apex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Kumar, SunandanMittal, Tarun Kumar, Vanita Keshav, Sunny Arora, and Ashima Singla. "Open apex solutions: One-step apexification, salvaging necrosed teeth with open apex." Endodontology 31, no. 2 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_61_18.

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2

Pendse, Gayatri, Mansi Vandekar, Priyanka Sawant, Mandar Mahajan, Simran Shah, and Aishwarya Pawar. "Management of Open Apex - A Case Report." International Journal of Current Research and Review 13, no. 05 (2021): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.sp292.

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Introduction: Endodontic management of immature permanent teeth is a challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Open apex is an unusual wide apical foramen that results due to multiple reasons such as incomplete development, extensive apical resorption, caries leading to pulpal necrosis or trauma before complete root formation, root-end resection, or due to over instrumentation. Aims: To prevent the risk of subsequent microbial contamination. Case Report: This article is a case report showing the management of open apex with MTA plug and a thermoplasticized Gutta Percha technique for obtur

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3

Gill, Ikroop, Sunandan Mittal, Tarun Kumar, and Vanita Keshav. "Open Apex and its Management: Review Article." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (2024): S31—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_615_23.

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ABSTRACT During root development, the teeth are subjected to a variety of assaults. Due to this, the root stops forming and the closure of the apex does not take place. Root canal treatment becomes a major challenge in these cases because of the width of the canal and wide-open apices. Management of open apices includes apexogenesis in vital young permanent teeth and apexification, which is a method to induce a calcified barrier in the root. Newer concepts include regeneration and revascularization procedures, which still need to be experimented with further.

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4

Lokade, Jyoti, Keyur P. Chande, and Narendra U. Manwar. "Retreatment of a Mutilated Tooth with Open Apex by using PRF, MTA and Anatomic Post." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2013): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1087.

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ABSTRACT Apexification aims to induce apical closure of the open root apex with a hard-tissue barrier, against which a root filling can be compacted. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a potential apical barrier material with good sealability and a high degree of biocompatibility. The main technical problem associated with placement is to prevent overfill and underfill. This paper demonstrates retreatment of an open apex tooth by placement of an apical barrier using MTA and PRF membrane as an internal matrix followed by application of anatomical post and core. This new technique is particular

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Shekhar, Vijay, and K. Shashikala. "Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Periapical Status of Nonvital Tooth with Open Apex Obturated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/714585.

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Management of a tooth with open apex is a challenge to the dental practitioners. Evaluation of the periapical healing is required in such cases by radiographic techniques. The objective of this paper was to assess the healing of a periapical lesion in a non-vital tooth with open apex treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) obturation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The endodontic treatment of a fractured non-vital discolored maxillary left lateral incisor with an open apex was done with MTA obturation. The clinical and radiographic followup done regularly showed that the toot

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6

Setyabudi and Yeyen Yohana. "Management Open Apex Using Bioceramic Root Repair Material : A Case Report of Permanent Anterior Teeth." Conservative Dentistry Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v13i2.2023.64-68.

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Background: Trauma to immature teeth can cause disrupt of the blood vessel supply in the pulp which leads to pulp necrosis. This can then, indirectly disrupts of root formation and incomplete apex closure.4,5 Young permanent teeth with wide open apex to be a challenge for root canal treatment, especially during obturation. Apexification is a treatment option for open apex with necrotic pulp. The purpose is to create an apical stop at the apical third of the apex so that obturation can be achieved. Case: A 27-year-old man came to RSKGMP UNAIR with chief complaints that his upper front teeth wer

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7

Prasad, Ashwini, and Jaya Purewal. "Management of the Open Apex using New Biomaterials." Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics 3, no. 1 (2018): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0055.

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8

International, Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR). "Patient Comfort and Recovery: A Comparison of MTA and Biodentine for Apexification in Young Permanent Central Incisors: 2 Case Reports." International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR) 8, no. 2 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15209939.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This case study aims to document a successful treatment of traumatized immature young permanent central incisors. An effective treatment option for immature permanent teeth with an open apex is apexification. It is described as a technique to create a calcified barrier in a root that has an open apex or in teeth with necrotic pulp tissue where the apical growth of an incompletely formed root continues. These case series detail two case reports of young immature permanent teeth with open apices that underwent an apexification treatment using both MTA and Biodentine. Af

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9

Abdellatif, Dina, Massimo Pisano, Luigi Cecere, et al. "Activation of Irrigants in Root Canals with Open Apices: A Narrative Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 21 (2024): 6611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216611.

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Performing endodontic treatment on a tooth with an immature apex can be challenging due to the risk of irrigant extrusion beyond the apex. This narrative review investigates the over-apex extrusion of activated irrigants in teeth with open and immature apices and aims to provide crucial insights for practice and research. Two hundred fifty-two results were found from the electronic search. Sixteen duplicates were removed before selection, and 24 were excluded. Of the 212 remaining results, the full text was evaluated for eligibility. One hundred ninety-four results were excluded: in one hundre

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10

Anilkumar, Aadit, Ratheesh Rajendran, and Faisal Nazar. "Single-visit Apexification using Biodentin." Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0024.

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ABSTRACT Trauma to the tooth mainly results in pulpal injury, and these injuries during formative stage can result in incomplete root formation. This can result in failure in closure of root apex, resulting in wide open apex. This causes problem for the conventional root canal therapy as there is no apical stop against which the obturation material can be condensed. The management of a nonvital tooth with open apex is aimed at creation of an apical barrier. The newly introduced bioactive dentin substitute commercially available as biodentin is a promising material. It is a cement for stimulati

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11

Tan, Jue Nee, Tuncay Alan, and Adrian Neild. "Open microdroplet diluter for concentration-gradient generation." Applied Physics Express 7, no. 8 (2014): 087201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/apex.7.087201.

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12

Juniarti, Devi Eka, Tiara Anandita, Cindy Grace Tania, Eric Priyo Prasetyo, and Tamara Yuanita. "Apexification treatment on tooth with a history of trauma: A case report." Conservative Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (2024): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v14i1.2024.15-18.

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Background: Traumatic dental injuries to the teeth may result in pulpal and periapical disease. Most dental traumas occur in the 7 -10-year-old age group with incomplete apical root development. Apexification is the procedure to close the apex using bioactive material to create an apical plug. MTA can be used as a material of choice to treat open apex. Purpose: To perform an apexification of open apex with MTA apical plug. Case: A 30-year-old female patient with a chief complaint to fix her missing anterior filling and blackened tooth. The tooth had a history of trauma when the patient was 7 y

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13

Shikha, Jaiswal, Gupta Sachin, Sawani Shefali, and Gupta Jatin. "Bioactive Closure of Non Vital Immature Tooth with Open Apices - A Contemporary Approach." PJSR 7, no. 2 (2014): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252436.

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Non vital immature teeth with open apex and thin dentinal walls are difficult to treat via conventional endodontic therapy. Calcium hydroxide has been conventionally used in such cases for a long time. However, due to its various shortcomings, MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) became the material of choice. A new bioactive dentin replacement material, Biodentine, can act as an ideal dentin substitute in such cases. This case report presents the use of Biodentine as an obturating, reinforcing and apexification material to restore traumatized teeth and re-establish patient’s aesthetics

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14

Sugiaman, Lestari Hardianti, and Nurhayaty Natsir. "Apexification with apical plug in immature permanent maxillary incisor teeth: case report." Makassar Dental Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v11i1.515.

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This article describes about the apexification of open apex with apical plug in immature permanent maxillary incisor teeth. A 12-year-old girl came to the Dental Hospital Hasanuddin University with a complaint of cavities in her upper front teeth. The teeth were filled one year ago, and it fell out about six months later. The right upper tooth had been swollen and sore a few days be-fore. There is a history of colliding at the age of 8 years. Radiographic examination showed a wide root canal on tooth 11 and an open apex with radiolucency in the apical area on teeth 11 and 21. So the diagnosis

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15

Bukhary, Sundus. "Apexification of an Endodontically Failed Permanent Tooth with an Open Apex: A Case Report with Histologic Findings." Medicina 61, no. 2 (2025): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020276.

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The management of an endodontic failure in a traumatized tooth with an open apex presents a major dilemma. The arrest of root growth after traumatic injury is a substantial consequence of pulpal necrosis. Conventional endodontic treatment procedures will be challenging by the resulting thin, fragile dentinal walls, which will impede the appropriate debridement and optimal apical sealing. Apexification is a well-established procedure that is designed to treat or preserve a tooth with an incomplete root apex and necrotic pulpal tissue by promoting the formation of a calcified apical barrier thro

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16

Sengar, EktaAakash, Sanjyot Mulay, Anita Kulloli, and Shruti Ligade. "Management of internal and external resorption with open apex." Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 9, no. 2 (2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jid.jid_53_18.

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17

Minamisako, Mariana Comparotto, Jun-Ichiro Kinoshita, Liliane Grando, and Hamid Jafarzadeh. "Apexification of a dens evaginated premolar with open apex." Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7126/cdj.58140.5000003926.

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18

Gugnani, Megha, Mandeep S. Grewal, Gaurav Setya, and Mamta Singla. "Management of Open Apex Under Microscope: A Case Series." Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Care 7, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-2800.2020.00005.x.

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19

MORFIS, A. S., and A. LENTZARI. "Dens invaginatus with an open apex: a case report." International Endodontic Journal 22, no. 4 (1989): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1989.tb00923.x.

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20

Vereshchagin, S. V., and N. V. Chupina. "Apex and internal structure of the Praesepe open cluster." Astronomische Nachrichten 334, no. 8 (2013): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201311938.

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21

Karami, Malika, Radia Skalli, Imane Jermouni, and Mona Jabri. "Pulp Revascularization: Future Therapy of Tooth with Open Apex." Open Journal of Stomatology 12, no. 11 (2022): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2022.1211029.

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22

Thakur, Vivek. "Modified single-step apexification and strengthening of thin dentinal walls with Biodentine." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 2 (2024): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_239_23.

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Abstract Apexification is a technique used to create a mineralized barrier in a root having an open apex or to continue the apical growth of a root that is still not fully developed in teeth with necrotic pulps. Biodentine is a versatile material which can help in achieving apical closure as well as reinforcement of thin dentinal walls, thus improving the overall prognosis and preserving the natural dentition. In the present case, the radiographic evaluation showed thinner dentinal walls and an open apex with periapical radiolucency in relation to the upper right central incisor. The large ope

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23

Aditya, Gupta1, Joy Sinha2 Dakshita, Rashmeet3, and Kaur Soni4 Sukhinder. "Management of Wide Canal With Roll Cone Technique - A Case Report." Heal Talk - A Journal of Clinical Dentitsry 16, no. 04 (2024): 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000734.

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Maxillary anterior are the most trauma prone teeth in the oral cavity. Endodontic therapy for the maxillary anterior teeth is generally done due to trauma. Challenge arises when the root formation of the tooth is not complete and it under goes trauma, which causes tooth to become non vital. When the toot becomes non vital and the root formation is not complete, it becomes a case of open apex. Open apex generally posses the challenge of endodontic therapy due to absence of an apical stop against which the operator can pack the obturating and material without pushing it beyond the apex in the pe

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24

Das, Avijit, Kuldeep Pal, Poorvi Saxena, SK Naja Parveen, Sachin Kumar Jaiswal, and Shalini Singh. "Evaluation of long-term stability and relapse rates in open apex teeth following surgical de-rotation and splinting." Bioinformation 20, no. 10 (2024): 1349–52. https://doi.org/10.6026/9732063002001349.

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The management of open apex teeth requiring surgical intervention poses a significant challenge in dental practice, particularly concerning the long-term stability and potential relapse following treatment. Surgical de-rotation and splinting are common procedures used to correct misalignment in such teeth. This study aims to evaluate the long-term stability and relapse rates in open apex teeth following surgical de-rotation and splinting over a two-year follow-up period. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 30 patients aged 10-15 years with open apex teeth requiring surgical de-r

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25

Bolli, Rashmi V., and Aanchal M. Agrawal. "Management of Traumatized Open Apex Teeth with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apexification and Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft as Apical Matrix." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1171.

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ABSTRACT Achievement of a perfect apical seal in the case of a traumatized nonvital open apex tooth is one of the most important factors affecting its long-term success. It can be treated surgically by placing a retrofill or by a nonsurgical approach by apexification. Currently, apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the treatment of choice in such cases. Herein, due to large apical diameter, limiting the MTA within the canal space is challenging, making it imperative to use a suitable apical matrix. This case report demonstrates successful management of traumatized nonvital op

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Pawar, Ritesh Balasaheb, and Sumanthini V. Margsahayam. "Management of a Traumatized Open Apex Tooth with a Combination of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Plug and Platelet-rich Fibrin Apical Matrix." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1142.

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ABSTRACT The absence of a natural apical constriction in permanent tooth makes endodontic treatment a challenge. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide was used for inducing the formation of an apical barrier. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has shown promising results for apexification procedures. In an open apex, it is imperative to limit the MTA placement within the confines of the root canal for predictable healing. The placement of an internal matrix may limit the extrusion to some extent. Many materials can be used as internal matrix such as collagen membrane, calcium sulphate, hyd

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Halim, Effendi, Yoanita Dwiaidina, Wignyo Hadriyanto, Pribadi Santosa, Ema Mulyawati, and Yulita Kristanti. "APEXIFICATION FOLLOWED BY DIRECT COMPOSITE VENEER ON ELLIS CLASS IV FRACTURE: A CASE REPORT." ODONTO : Dental Journal 9 (April 8, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.9.0.170-180.

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Introduction: Traumatized immature permanent teeth can cause pulp necrosis, leading to imperfect root formation, and thus resulting an open apex. The apical opening of the immature teeth is mostly large and thus may lead to difficulties in performing a root filling. In such cases, apexification is mandatory before doing root canal treatment. The aim of this case report was to inform that apexification and direct veneer was suitable to treat Ellis class IV fracture with necrotic pulpCase Report: 21-year-old female came to the Dental Conservation Clinic RSGM Prof. Soedomo Faculty of Dentistry UG

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28

Karim, Fahd AA, Kazi Hossain Mahmud, Asma Sultana, et al. "Management of non-vital anterior tooth with open apex by MTA apical plug -A case report." Update Dental College Journal 9, no. 1 (2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v9i1.41206.

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A 15 year old boy was presented with pain in his upper anterior teeth. On clinical examination both the maxillary central incisor revealed slight discoloration and fracture of the crown. Radiographic evaluation revealed open apex of the left central incisor and apex of the right central incisor was fully developed. Apexification with MTA apical plug was carried out in left central incisor and conventional root canal treatment was done in right central incisor. In two months follow up both the tooth were clinically and radiographically asymptomatic and the healing of the apical area of the left

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Masa, Maria Margaretha S. Nogo, Dian Dwi Pratiwi, Febriastuti Cahyani, et al. "Apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate on post trauma right maxillary central incivus teeth." Conservative Dentistry Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v13i2.2023.81-84.

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Background: Trauma often occurs in the maxillary anterior teeth in both children and adults. This usually causes the pulp of a tooth whose root is not yet fully formed to experience necrosis, and the apex closure stops causing the apex to be wide and open. Apexification is a method to induce a calcified barrier in necrotic roots with open apex. Treatment with Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can shorten treatment time and has a higher long-term success rate than using Ca(OH)2. Purpose: The aim of this report is to describe apexification cases using MTA on a non-vital right maxillary central in

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30

Lucas-Taulé, Ernest, Anna Bofarull-Ballús, Marc Llaquet, Montse Mercade, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, and Jordi Gargallo-Albiol. "Does Root Development Status Affect the Outcome of Tooth Autotransplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093379.

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Background: Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the surgical repositioning of an autogenous tooth in another surgical site within the same individual. Aim: The aim of this research was to analyze the outcome of tooth transplantation using immature donor teeth compared with closed apex teeth and to compare differences between donor tooth positions on the arch. Methods: Electronic and manual literature searches were performed in different databases, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central (CENTRAL), and the digital library of the Universitat Inte

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31

Baswanna, R. S., G. B. Shivamurthy, and Namrata Hosmani. "DENS INVAGINATUS WITH AN OPEN APEX: REVIEW OF A CASE." CODS Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 2 (2011): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/cods-3-2-7.

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32

Eden, Ece, Saniye Çiçek Yanar, and Şule Sönmez. "Reattachment of subgingivally fractured central incisor with an open apex." Dental Traumatology 23, no. 3 (2007): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00408.x.

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Andreasen, Frances M. "Reattachment of subgingivally fractured central incisor with an open apex." Dental Traumatology 23, no. 4 (2007): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00625.x.

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34

Mente, Johannes, Meltem Leo, Dimos Panagidis, et al. "Treatment Outcome of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Open Apex Teeth." Journal of Endodontics 39, no. 1 (2013): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.007.

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35

Küçükekenci, Funda Fundaoğlu, and Ahmet Serkan Küçükekenci. "Management of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillar Lateral Incisor with Open Apex and Persistent Sinus Tract: a Case Report." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 22, no. 2 (2018): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2018-0020.

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SummaryBackground/Aim: Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly of teeth. The endodontic treatment of these teeth may be difficult because of adversity in accessing the root canals and also complicated variations of internal structure. In this case, the report is presented the nonsurgical management and follow-up of a tooth with class II dens invaginatus with an open apex and sinus tract.Case Report: In the radiographic examination, there are two root canals; a primary (main) canal and an invaginated canal. The main canal wide-open at the portal of exit and associated with a large chronic p

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Felipe G. Belladonna, Ane Poly, João M. S. Teixeira, Viviane D. M. A. Nascimento, Sandra R. Fidel, and Rivail A. S. Fidel. "Avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex: a systematic review of the literature." RSBO 9, no. 3 (2013): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v9i3.1006.

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Considered the most serious of dental in�uries, avulsion is known as the total displacement of tooth out of its socket. Treatment includes immediate replantation and its success is directly related to several factors. Objective: This paper aimed to review the literature in a systematic way on dental avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex, covering various topics such as: reason for avulsion; storage media; time out of the socket; use of antibiotics; splinting time; tooth vitality; presence of resorption and/or obliteration of pulp canal; and following-up time. Material and methods: PubMed/

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Parveen, Sultana, Mozammal Hossain, Md Abdul Hannan Sheikh, and Md Joynal Abdin. "Healing of periapical lesion with mineral trioxide aggregate apexification." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 11, no. 2 (2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i2.36448.

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<p class="Abstract">In the present study, the ability of mineral trioxide aggregate in the formation of apical plug for healing of large periapical lesion with open apex was assessed and evaluated the clinical outcome. Fifteen participants with periapical lesion at the upper anterior teeth with open apex were treated with mineral trioxide aggregate. The effect on healing of apical size was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months by radiological examinations in the form of periapical index criteria, diameter of the lesion size and the presence or absence of apical tissue barrier. The results fou

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Burhan, Ahmad S., Fehmieh R. Nawaya, Yousef N. Issa, and Lama G. Massouh. "Assessment of the Pubertal Growth Period using the Open Apices of the Lower Teeth." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 1 (2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1981.

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ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the open apex measurements of the lower teeth can be used for prediction of the pubertal growth spurt. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 150 males and 142 females ranging in age from 10 to 16 years. A total of 292 panoramic and 292 hand-wrist radiographs were obtained and analyzed. The skeletal maturity was determined according to the skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs) developed by Fishman. The open apices measurements of the left lower teeth were made according to the method described by Cameriere. Results The Sp

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Dziedzic, Tomasz A., Vijay K. Anand, and Theodore H. Schwartz. "Endoscopic endonasal approach to the lateral orbital apex: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 16, no. 3 (2015): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.2.peds1575.

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Although the medial and inferior orbital apex are considered safely accessible using the endonasal endoscopic approach, the lateral apex has been considered unsafe to access since the optic nerve lies between the surgeon and the pathology. The authors present the case of a 4-year-old girl with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma attached to the lateral rectus muscle located lateral and inferior to the optic nerve in the orbital apex. The tumor was totally resected through an endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary transpterygoidal approach using a 45° endoscope. A gross-total resection was achieved, and th

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Nishikawa, Osamu, Takahiro Sekine, Yoshikatsu Ohtani, et al. "Development of the Scanning Atom Probe and Atomic Level Analysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020535.

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The analyzing area of a conventional atom probe is an apex of a long, sharp tip. However, the fabrication of such a filamentary tip is extraordinary difficult for most materials, such as organic materials, ceramics and semiconductors with multi-layer structures. Accordingly, the application of the atom probe are severely restricted In order to overcome this difficulty, Nishikawa proposed to develop a scanning atom probe (SAP) introducing a funnel-shaped microextraction electrode to the conventional AP in order to confine the high field into a small space between a tip apex and an open end of t

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Koo, Jayoung, Jonggun Kim, Jicheol Ryu, et al. "Development of Novel QAPEX Analysis System Using Open-Source GIS." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 8199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138199.

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The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model has been used for farm/small watershed management, and the ArcAPEX interface was developed using the ArcGIS extension. However, the interface requires a paid license and limits dynamic applications that reflect various agricultural farming practices. In this study, a novel APEX model interface using Quantum GIS, the QAPEX analysis system, was developed by incorporating open-source-based GIS software for the simulation of water quality impacts of various best management practices reflecting local farming activities. The watershed delin

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Dr., Aseem Jolly Garg, Aaradhana Shukla MDS Dr., Devika Kalaskar Dr., and Hemant Thodsare Dr. "Single Visit Apexification Using MTA: A Case Report." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 04, no. 10 (2021): 1193–96. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i10-01.

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Abstract : Trauma to the dentition during the period of root formation may cause incomplete development of root resulting in open apex. In order to eliminate infection from root canal endodontic treatment is a tooth-saving treatment modality. The absence of a natural apical constriction in a nonvital permanent tooth makes endodontic treatment a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to induce or create an apical barrier against, which the obturating material can be condensed. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide is considered as the gold standard to induce apexification. Due to certain drawbacks su

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Chen, Zhe, Li Fan, Shu-yi Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xiao-juan Li, and Jin Ding. "An open-structure sound insulator against low-frequency and wide-band acoustic waves." Applied Physics Express 8, no. 10 (2015): 107301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/apex.8.107301.

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Patil, Suvarna, Upendra Hoshing, Sharanappa Kambale, Sharanappa Kambale, Ruchika Gupta, and Ruchika Gupta. "Management of traumatised maxillary central incisor with immature open apex using mineral trioxide aggregate and tailor made gutta percha: a case report." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (2017): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170682.

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Root development and apex closure after the eruption of teeth takes a minimum of 3-4 years. If trauma to the pulp occurs during this period, it becomes a challenge for the clinician to treat the pulpal injury. Apexification is the treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with immature apex. Apexification done with calcium hydroxide encounters certain difficulties like very long treatment time, possibility of tooth fracture and incomplete calcification of the bridge. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was introduced as an alternative material to traditional materials for the apexification of immatu

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Ali, SM Akkas, Md Mukhles Uz Zaman, Noor Mohammad, et al. "Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Open Apex: Materials and Technique." City Dental College Journal 9, no. 2 (2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i2.12320.

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Cessation of the root development occurred by traumatic injury and as a sequence of caries prevents obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment and subsequent treatment like fixed prosthesis. Thus, the goal of apexification was to obtain an apical barrier to prevent the passage of toxins and bacteria into the periapical tissues from the root canal and to induce an apical barrier against which GP points can be condensed. Apexification has been carried out from long time where calcium hydroxide is the widely used material. Calcium hydroxide gained the widest popularity. It is bacter

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Sharma, Ritu, Anil Dhingra, and Rohit Nayar. "Delayed MTA apical plug in immature open apex - A case report." Endodontology 20, no. 1 (2008): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-7212.351920.

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Rosaline, Hannah, Mathan Rajan, Kandaswamy Deivanayagam, and ShravyaY Reddy. "BioRoot inlay: An innovative technique in teeth with wide open apex." Indian Journal of Dental Research 29, no. 4 (2018): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_559_16.

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Sharma, Dr Sharad, and Dr Neha Singh. "Apexification in non-vital tooth with open apex: A case report." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2022.v8.i1a.1401.

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Attavar, Shruthi H., Prasannalatha Nadig, and I. Sujatha. "Management of open apex with mineral trioxide aggregate-2 case reports." International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research - VOLUME 2015 1, no. 1 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15713/ins.idmjar.12.

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Witherspoon, David E., Joel C. Small, John D. Regan, and Martha Nunn. "Retrospective Analysis of Open Apex Teeth Obturated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate." Journal of Endodontics 34, no. 10 (2008): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.005.

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