Academic literature on the topic 'Open custody'

Lord Neuberger describes open justice as a procedural principle requiring that "what goes on in court and what a court decides is open to scrutiny".1 The prime rationale typically given for this principle is that it is a safety check on the right to a fair trial, and so instrumental to the fulfilment of the justice purposes of criminal and civil justice processes. The thesis argues that such a conception of open justice only applies on a relatively superficial level to inquests into use-of-force deaths at the hands of the state. Rather it is clear that openness in these inquests is intrinsic to the purposes of the inquests themselves, and that this is also true of other types of investigation in these circumstances. The thesis examines the practice of, and rationales behind, opening up deaths at the hands of the police, or in police or prison custody to scrutiny in order to frame a context-specific conception of open justice in the aftermath of such deaths. The focus of the thesis is police and PPO investigations into deaths in prisons, IPCC investigations into deaths involving the police, and inquests and inquiries under the Inquiries Act 2005 (where the latter replace and fulfil the role of an inquest). The thesis introduces recognition theory both as a way of understanding the potential harms that may be associated with a lack of openness regarding deaths in these circumstances, and to provide a normative link between openness and justice in these circumstances—a link that is implicit in the term ‘open justice’ but rarely explored in these non-retributive, non-compensatory justice processes.

Afin d'interroger les conditions d'intervention associative dans l'espace pénitentiaire en France et les modalités de coopération avec l'administration, cette recherche porte sur les principales têtes de réseaux associatifs dans le domaine « prison-justice » (Secours catholique, Croix-Rouge, Genepi…). Ces associations agissent pour la plupart en prison ou à la sortie, en réalisant des actions sociales au sens large (aides matérielles, ateliers de formation, prévention sanitaire…) auprès des personnes majeures sous main de justice ou qui l'ont été. Elles ont la particularité d'être majoritairement composées d'équipes bénévoles, éventuellement appuyées par des personnes salariées, et d'interagir régulièrement avec la direction de l'administration pénitentiaire (DAP).Cette thèse repose sur une approche transversale et multiniveaux des liens entre ces associations et les pouvoirs publics. Elle articule une perspective sociohistorique, s'intéressant aux conditions d'émergence et de diffusion de l'action associative dans l'espace pénitentiaire au cours la seconde moitié du XXème siècle ; une analyse du cadre juridique et des pratiques d'encadrement rencontrées à l'époque contemporaine par les intervenant∙e∙s extérieur∙e∙s ; et une étude détaillée des relations partenariales nouées à l'échelon central par la DAP et les associations. Les résultats obtenus se fondent sur le traitement qualitatif d'un corpus documentaire inédit, une enquête de terrain par entretiens et de longues séquences d'observation ethnographique menées de 2015 à 2020 auprès des représentant·e·s d'associations et de la DAP.D'une part, l'intérêt de cette démarche est d'interroger la participation associative à l'action publique pénitentiaire : dans sa capacité à faire émerger de nouveaux services et problèmes publics, à assurer des actions sur l'ensemble du territoire, et à influer sur le fonctionnement du système et sur les décisions politico-administratives. D'autre part, elle permet d'analyser la régulation opérée par l'État sur ces interventions menées par le secteur privé non lucratif. Les interventions associatives, en particulier en détention, sont reconnues par la législation, mais faiblement règlementées au-delà des simples autorisations d'accès. L'institutionnalisation s'est faite de façon non harmonisée, si bien que les associations restent confrontées à une disparité de traitements administratifs et de décisions discrétionnaires. Enfin, la DAP a constitué une arène partenariale à l'échelon central, qui offre un espace de négociation et de confrontation, des remontées d'information, ainsi que des leviers pour appuyer le développement des réseaux associatifs.Cette thèse montre que, par le biais de l'encadrement partenarial du secteur associatif, l'État central est moins dans une forme de désengagement que dans une reconfiguration à distance de son action. Au cours du XXème siècle, l'administration pénitentiaire s'est vu retirer de nombreuses prérogatives sociales, éducatives et sanitaires, au profit d'autres services publics. Pourtant, elle réaffirme son souhait de développer une prise en charge plus complète des personnes, bien qu'elle laisse ou délègue de nombreux aspects à des associations. C'est à partir de ses objectifs redéfinis que la DAP formalise ses relations à travers des conventions partenariales et soutient des associations tout en les évaluant à partir d'indicateurs. Dès lors, le secteur associatif constitue une interface entre le rôle répressif et social de l'État. Il se trouve ainsi confronté à des tensions entre participation et dénonciation, engagement citoyen et travail gratuit, le tout dans le cadre d'une coopération asymétrique et sous contrôle<br>To examine the conditions under which associations (nonprofit organizations) operate in the French prison system, and the ways in which they cooperate with the prison administration, this research focuses on the main leaders and coordinators of association networks in the “prison-justice” field (Secours catholique, Croix-Rouge, Genepi...). Most of these associations are active in prison or after release, carrying out social actions in the broadest sense of the term (material aid, training workshops, health prevention, etc.) for adults who are or have been in prison or on probation. They have the distinctive feature of being mainly made up of teams of volunteers potentially backed up by salaried staff, and of regularly interacting with the Direction de l'administration pénitentiaire (DAP), the French Prison Administration Department.On the one hand, the relevance of this approach is to question associative participation in public action in the penitentiary sector (which includes prison and probation): in its capacity to bring new services and public problems to the fore, to ensure actions throughout the country, and to influence the functioning of the system and politico-administrative decisions. On the other hand, it enables us to analyze how the State regulates these activities carried out by the private nonprofit sector. Associative interventions, particularly in prisons, are recognized by legislation but are scarcely regulated beyond simple access authorizations. Institutionalization has been carried out in a non-harmonized way, resulting in associations continuing to face disparate administrative treatments and discretionary decisions. Finally, the DAP has created a partnership arena at the central level, providing a forum for negotiation and confrontation, feedback, and leverage to support the development of associative networks.This thesis shows that, through the partnership framework of the associative sector, the central State is not so much disengaging as reconfiguring its actions from a distance. Over the twentieth century, the prison administration has seen many of its social, educational and health-related prerogatives withdrawn in favor of other public services. Nevertheless, it reaffirms its desire to develop a more comprehensive approach to caring for people, even though it leaves or delegates many aspects to associations. Based on its redefined objectives, the DAP formalizes its relationships through partnership agreements, and supports associations while evaluating them based on indicators. From this point on, the associative sector represents an interface between the repressive and social roles of the State. Thus, it faces tensions between participation and denunciation, civic engagement and free labor, all within the framework of asymmetrical and controlled cooperation

Almost all commercially available wireless access devices are special embedded systems with proprietary software that do not allow any modifications. Modifications to these systems are only possible by firmware upgrades released by manufacturers. However, release times of these firmware upgrades are unpredictable, and they are usually for bug-fix purposes rather than being feature and capability improvements. Thus, these devices fail to provide the needed flexibility. Ability to provide timely custom solution that is well integrated into existing network infrastructure is the key factor for a successful wireless access service implementation. In this thesis work, the open source software called AWLP is designed, coded, tested, and released to public as a viable alternative for creating custom wireless access device.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-06-17T13:27:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ScheilaAparecidaSantosdaCosta.pdf: 1088682 bytes, checksum: 314ed9213290e28890b283ce7c0a5eeb (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T13:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ScheilaAparecidaSantosdaCosta.pdf: 1088682 bytes, checksum: 314ed9213290e28890b283ce7c0a5eeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14<br>Nenhuma<br>Este estudo investiga as práticas de gestão externa de custos mais utilizadas por empresas brasileiras. A motivação do estudo está no reconhecimento de que isoladamente a gestão interna de custos não é suficiente para o sucesso dos negócios. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo descritivo, utilizando-se como procedimento técnico de coleta de dados uma survey, por meio de questionário, elaborado com base nas práticas de Gestão Externa de Custos - GEXC identificadas na literatura. Este questionário foi enviado pela internet para 250 das 500 maiores empresas constantes na Revista Exame Melhores & Maiores de 2008, das quais, 44 o responderam. Para analisar as informações obtidas por meio da aplicação desse questionário, realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Nesta análise foram utilizados gráficos com o objetivo de mostrar detalhadamente as respostas de cada afirmação. Utilizou-se também o ranking médio - RM para as afirmações que compõem o instrumento de coleta de dados utilizando-se a escala likert de 6 pontos. Na sequência, foi realizada a análise fatorial e análise de veriância, com a utilização do software statistical package for the social science (SPSS). Por meio dessas análises foi possível verificar que as empresas da amostra não adotam as práticas de GEXC com a mesma abrangência e profundidade que são tratadas na literatura, a qual descreve a sua relevância na gestão estratégica adotada pelas empresas. Além disso, verificou-se que poucos profissionais possuem experiência em GEXC. No caso da amostra pesquisada, apenas 25% deles afirmou ter experiência nessa área, ou seja, esses resultados sugerem que, no Brasil, a GEXC ainda está dando os primeiros passos. Foi possível ainda identificar, com relação à adoção de práticas de GEXC, que as ações mais amplamente utilizadas pelas empresas são: a) controle de estoque e entrega de determinados materiais diretamente nas linhas de produção do cliente; b) estabelecimento de metas de redução de custos para clientes; c) informações sobre o preço de venda do concorrente.<br>This study investigates the practices of external management costs most used by Brazilian Companies. The study is motivated by the recognition that, by itself, external management costs is not enough for business success. The technical procedure used for data collection was a survey through questionnaires based on the practices of external management costs, identified on the literature. This survey was send through the internet to 250 of the 500 biggest companies from Revista Exame Melhores & Maiores de 2008, in which, 44 answered it. To analyze the information from the questionnaires, a descriptive analysis of these data was made. In this analysis, graphics were used to demonstrate with details the answers of each assertion. Also the average ranking was used to the affirmations that compose the instrument to collect data using the Likert scale of 6 points. After, it was made a factorial analysis using the statistical software package for the social science (SPSS). Through these analyses it was possible to verify that Brazilian Companies do not adopt the practice of external management costs with the same rage and deepness as said on the literature which describes the relevance of these practices on the company´s strategic management. Besides that, it was verified that few professionals have experience with external management costs. Just 25% of the research sample confirmed to have experience in this field In other words, these results suggest that external management costs is giving the firsts steps in Brazil. It was also possible to identify that the practices most used by companies related to external management costs are: a) stock control and delivering of certain materials directly to client’s assembly line; b) setting cost reduction goals for clients; c) information about competitors’ sales prices.

MOTA, David Freitas Moura. OPENOBC: uma arquitetura de um computador de bordo open source e de baixo custo para o padrão CUBESAT. 2017. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.<br>Submitted by Hohana Sanders (hohanasanders@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-31T15:06:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dfmmota.pdf: 10853492 bytes, checksum: 5c085eb51ffd56f2d73aae40b2108549 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-06-02T15:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dfmmota.pdf: 10853492 bytes, checksum: 5c085eb51ffd56f2d73aae40b2108549 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T15:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dfmmota.pdf: 10853492 bytes, checksum: 5c085eb51ffd56f2d73aae40b2108549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27<br>The definition of the CubeSat standard boosted the research and development of the pico and nano satellites inside of the universities. Besides the standardization of the physical dimensions, the CubeSat specifies a communication protocol between the sub-systems of the satellite, what can make possible the shortening of the time and cost of the project using COTS (Comercial off-the-shelf) components. Although cost is an important requirement for the development of small satellites, the cost reduction must come from the correct architecture choice, not from the loss of system reliability. Focusing in a specific component, like the OBC (On Board Computer), becomes clear that the currents solutions meets the low cost requirements but fails in providing high failure tolerance. Some OBC models do not provide a mechanism of detection and correction of failures, while others cover only partially the failure points with a way to correct errors in external memories. At this job will be proposed an open source architecture with low cost and high reliability for an on board computer with compatibility with the CubeSat standard. The proposal architecture uses a TMS570LS0432 processor from Texas Instruments, which have dual ARM Cortex-R4 core, detection and failure correction in RAM and internal ROM, hardware BIST (built-in self test) at the CPU and RAM memory and others securities characters like clock monitoring and power supply voltage. An external flash memory was used for storage of code and data. Two I2C interfaces for communication between the sub systems, one had been used exclusively for transponder communication and the other one for the other systems. The architecture is complemented with an UART interface for diagnosis and debugging, PWM signals for activate the torque coils and ADC inputs for light measuring in the satellite. A MicroSD card reader has been planned for data storage and a CAN bus for data traffic in real time, ensuring a rigid control of failures and messages receiving. The OBC was electronically tested and is able to be embedded with the others sub systems.<br>A definição do padrão CubeSat impulsionou a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de nano e pico satélites por parte das universidades. Além da padronização das dimensões físicas, o CubeSat também especifica um protocolo de comunicação entre os subsistemas do satélite, o que torna possível reduzir o tempo e o custo do projeto através do uso de componentes COTS (do inglês Comercial off-the-shelf ). Embora o custo seja um requisito importante para o desenvolvimento de pequenos satélites, a sua redução não deve decorrer da diminuição da confiabilidade do sistema e sim da escolha de arquiteturas adequadas. Focando em um componente específico, como o OBC (do inglês On Board Computer), fica claro que as soluções disponíveis atendem principalmente ao requisito de baixo custo, mas falham em oferecer alta tolerância à falhas. Alguns modelos de OBC não oferecem nenhum mecanismo de detecção ou correção de falhas, enquanto outros oferecem apenas uma cobertura parcial dos pontos de falha ao introduzirem lógica para correção de erros nas memórias externas. Neste trabalho, será proposto uma arquitetura open source de baixo custo e alta confiabilidade para um computador de bordo compatível com o padrão CubeSat. A arquitetura proposta utiliza o processador TMS570LS0432 do fabricante Texas Instruments, o qual possui: núcleoARM Cortex-R4 em duas CPUs; detecção e correção de falhas em suas memóriasRAM e ROM internas; hardware BIST (Auto-teste interno de fábrica) tanto na CPU quanto na memória RAM; e outras características de segurança como o monitoramento do clock e da tensão de alimentação. Uma memória Flash externa foi utilizada para armazenamento de código e dados. Foram disponibilizadas duas interfaces I2C para a comunicação com os subsistemas existentes em um CubeSat, sendo uma exclusiva para comunicação com o Transponder e outra comum para os demais. A arquitetura é complementada por uma interface UART para diagnóstico e depuração, sinais PWM para acionamento das bobinas de torque e entradas ADC para medição da intensidade da luz solar nas faces do satélite. Estão previstos ainda um cartão MicroSD para armazenamentos de dados e uma interface CAN para tráfego de informações transmitidas em tempo real, garantindo assim um controle rígido de erros e a recepção de mensagens. O computador de bordo foi eletronicamente testado e está apto à integração com os demais subsistemas.

Orientador: Luis Rogerio de Oliveira Hein<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto e construção de uma Máquina Universal de Ensaios Mecânicos portátil, didática, de baixo custo, fácil construção seguindo a filosofia open-source com o intuito de dar suporte ao ensino de Mecânica e Resistência do Materiais. O equipamento foi projetado para ser construído com perfis modulares de alumínio e executado em uma oficina de ensino técnico em mecânica. A máquina é capaz aplicar de forma segura um carregamento máximo de 10 kN tanto em tração quanto em compressão, se mover em velocidades que variam de 0,5 a 70 mm/min com uma resolução no deslocamento de 0,57 μm a um custo total de US$ 1,000.00 incluindo material e fabricação. A máquina é controlada por uma placa Arduino® UNO, opera com acionamento eletromecânico, a aplicação de carga é feita por meio de fusos trapezoidais, a aquisição do deslocamento e velocidade da trave é feita por codificadores de quadratura e o controle de velocidade é feito por controle (Proporcional, Integral e Derivativo) PID e é capaz de realizar ensaios de tração, mas pode ser adaptada para outros ensaios como compressão, flexão e dobramento, entre outros.<br>Abstract: In this work is presented the design and construction of an easy to build low-cost portable Universal Testing Machine for educational purposes using the open-source philosophy. The intention of this project is to support the teaching in the subjects of Mechanics and Mechanics of Materials. The hardware was designed to be constructed with modular aluminum profiles and built in a conventional Mechanics Technical and Vocational Education and Training Laboratory. The machine can apply safely a maximum load of 10kN in both, traction and compression, move precisely in a range of speed from 0.5 to 70 mm/min with a resolution of 0,57 μm in a total cost of US$ 1,000.00 including necessary material and fabrication. The machine is controlled by an Arduino® UNO board, operated with an electromechanical activation. The loading is applied by trapezoidal lead screws, the displacement and speed acquisition are done by quadrature encoder and the speed is controlled by Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) control, it is capable do perform tensile tests, but may be adapted to other tests like compression, flexure and bending, and others.<br>Mestre

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-19T12:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE XAVIER VIEIRA BRAGA_.pdf: 1455154 bytes, checksum: e0ea785c5884f34e662fc1ee802dc095 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T12:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE XAVIER VIEIRA BRAGA_.pdf: 1455154 bytes, checksum: e0ea785c5884f34e662fc1ee802dc095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22<br>Nenhuma<br>Embora existam investigações teóricas e empíricas sobre consórcio modular, estudos sobre as relações entre os modulistas, o fluxo de informações e a Gestão Interorganizacional de Custos (GIC) em arranjos de consórcio modular são embrionários. O consórcio modular e a GIC induzem as empresas a ultrapassar as fronteiras organizacionais, no intuito de permitir que toda a cadeia de valor se torne mais eficiente. A presente tese, configurada com um Estudo de Caso com Objetos Incorporados, defende a possibilidade de aceitação que a associação entre consórcio modular e GIC promove mútuo aprendizado e maior redução dos custos globais de operações na cadeia de valor automobilística, do que adotadas isoladamente. Entende-se que as abordagens adotadas pelo consórcio modular de Resende (modularização e GIC) são complementares e incluem diversos fatores comuns, tal como a partilha de projetos de P&D, entrosamento de seus funcionários em outras empresas, sistemas integrados de informações, transferência de conhecimento, bem como a necessidade de desenvolvimento de uma gestão interorganizacional mais eficiente. Neste contexto, o consórcio modular constitui-se em um elemento facilitador do processo de GIC, pois o custo admissível dos componentes é definido por equipes interorganizacionais de trabalho, que incluem design de produto, engenharia, compras e engenharia de produção. Assim, as empresas demonstram possuir uma relação de alta interdependência. Porém resta evidente que, nem sempre, os benefícios são compartilhados entre todos os atores envolvidos, em função da assimetria de poder entre a MAN e os modulistas. No que tange à troca de informações de custos os achados indicam forte ocorrência desta iniciativa, porém somente dos modulistas para a MAN. As evidências empíricas obtidas no presente estudo denotam o uso de poder pela MAN aos seus modulistas. O uso do poder pode favorecer a divulgação de dados de custos pelos modulistas, mas isso não garante o êxito da GIC em toda sua plenitude. Essa é uma limitação para a aplicabilidade da GIC através do open book accounting.<br>Although there are theoretical and empirical research on modular consortium, studies on the relationship between modulists, the flow of information and the Interorganizational Cost Management (IOCM) in modular consortium arrangements are embryonic. The modular consortium and IOCM induce companies to overcome organizational boundaries in order to allow the entire value chain becomes more efficient. This thesis, configured how a Case Study with Embedded Objects, defends the possibility of accepting that the association between modular consortium and IOCM promotes mutual learning and further reducing overall operating costs in the automotive value chain, rather than taken alone. It is understood that the approaches adopted by the modular consortium in Resende (modularization and IOCM) are complementary and include several common factors, such as the sharing of R&D projects, meshing of its employees in other companies, integrated information systems, knowledge transfer as well as the need to develop a more efficient inter management. In this context, modular consortium is on a facilitator of the IOCM process because the allowable cost of the components is defined by inter-working teams, which include product design, engineering, procurement and production engineering. Thus, companies have shown a high interdependent relationship. But it is evident that not always, the benefits are shared between all the actors involved, due to the asymmetry of power between MAN and modulists. Regarding the exchange of the findings indicate a strong occurrence cost information of this initiative, but only the modulists for MAN. The empirical evidence obtained in this study denote the use of power by MAN to its modulists. The use of power may favor disclosure by modulists cost data, but this does not guarantee the success of IOCM in all its fullness. This is a limitation to the applicability of IOCM through open book accounting.