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Journal articles on the topic 'Open cut coal mine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Reisen, Fabienne, Rob Gillett, Jason Choi, Gavin Fisher, and Paul Torre. "Characteristics of an open-cut coal mine fire pollution event." Atmospheric Environment 151 (February 2017): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.015.

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2

Strange, Andrew D., and Zak Jecny. "Development of Digital Subterranean Models for Real-Time Open Cut Horizon Control." Resources 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9040050.

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A reliable coal seam sensing system is required to improve the productivity of selective mining in open-cut mining operations. A prototype system based upon commercial ground penetrating radar equipment, which measures coal thickness from the top of an exposed surface down to an underlying coal-interburden interface and generates digital subterranean models of the subsurface seam boundaries, was developed for this purpose. The models can be deployed to commercially available in-cab assistive guidance systems for bulldozers and other mining machinery in existing production processes, and can further contribute to the databases required for remote operation and control in a complete digital mine scenario. The system was evaluated at a production open cut coal mine in Queensland, Australia, with promising results. The benefits reported by operational personnel who evaluated the digital surface model in the mining environment provide strong motivation for ongoing technology development.

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3

Zhao, Lei, and Greg You. "Brown Coal in Victoria, Australia and Maddingley Brown Coal Open Cut Mine Batter Stability." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 9, no. 3 (August 15, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2020.9.3.109.

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Brown coal is young, shallowly deposited, and widely distributed in the world. It is a fuel commonly used to generate electricity. This paper first reviews the resources and characteristics of brown coal in Victoria, Australia, and its exploitation and contribution to the economy or power supply in Victoria. Due to the shallow depth of the brown coal seam, e.g. very favorable stripping ratio, open pit mining is the only mining method used to extract the coal at low cost for power generators. With the large-scale mining operations, cases of batter failure were not rare in the area. From the comprehensive review of past failures, overburden batter tends to fail by circular sliding, coal batter tends to fail by block sliding after the overburden is stripped due to a weak water-bearing layer underneath the coal seam and tension cracks developed at the rear of the batter, and batter failure is typically coincided with peak raining seasons. Secondly, the paper reviews the case study of Maddingley Brown Coal (MBC) Open Cut Mine batter stability, including geology, hydrogeology, and hydro-mechanically coupled numerical modelling. The modelling employs three-dimensional finite element method to simulate the MBC northern batter where cracks were observed in November 2013. The comprehensive simulation covers an overburden batter, a brown coal batter, two rainfall models, and a buttressed batter. The simulated results agree well with observed data, and it is found that the rainfall at the intensity of 21mm substantially lowered the factor of safety of the coal batter.

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4

Grainger, Clive, and Robert N. Meroney. "Dispersion in an open-cut coal mine in stably stratified flow." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 63, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705379.

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5

Canbulat, Ismet, John Hoelle, and Jason Emery. "Risk management in open cut coal mines." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 23, no. 3 (May 2013): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2013.05.012.

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6

Evans, K. G., R. J. Loch, T. O. Aspinall, and L. C. Bell. "Laboratory rainfall simulator studies of selected open-cut coal mine overburden spoils from Central Queensland." Soil Research 35, no. 1 (1997): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s95010.

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Data on the erodibility of overburden spoils resulting from open-cut coal mining are limited. These data are required to derive parameters for erosion prediction models which can be used in the design of re-formed landscapes after mining. In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation data were used to derive CREAMS (Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems) interrill erodibility parameters K and nbov for Central Queensland coal mine overburden spoils. For the spoils studied, K values ranged from 0·0111 to 0·1398 Mg·ha·h/(ha·MJ·mm) and nbov values ranged from 0·0004 to 0·0081. Sediment yield was transport controlled. Results for 1 spoil, South Blackwater Terang, showed that total soil loss increased linearly with slope, and both K and nbov varied non-linearly with slope. If a constant set of K and nbov values is used in modelling, CREAMS over-predicts spoil loss for slopes greater than that for which the parameter values were determined, and under-predicts spoil loss for slopes less than that for which the parameter values were determined. The results show evidence of differences between mine spoils and agricultural soils, including modality of size distribution of surface sediment available for erosion, a higher percentage of dispersed clays in eroded sediment from mine spoils than from agricultural soils, and the observed amount of surface sealing and crust formation. These differences indicate that erosion{erodibility parameters for mine spoils should be measured and that agricultural soil parameters should not be a basis for estimates of mine spoil parameters.

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7

Huang, Qing Guo, and Feng Gao. "Large Section Open-Off Cut Supporting Technology of Fully Mechanized Caving Mining for Carboniferous Extra-Thick Coal Seam." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.566.

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In order to resolve the supporting problems of the open-off cuts with span of 10m in Tashan coal mine No.3~5 coal seams, this study investigated and analyzed the problems in the current open-off cuts supporting and the supporting parameters, and performed laboratory test and analysis to the coal and rock's mechanical properties. The open-off cut wall rock in Tashan mine has the problem of serious deformation and high possibility of sudden falling. After academic analysis and numerical calculation, a new supporting mode is designed for the supporting of large span open-off cuts: unite high strength anchor bar, combined anchor rope, W steel strip, metal mesh and concrete to form a group anchor seal effect, therefore maintain the tunnel wall rock's stability and safety. Engineering test was conducted at the 8105 working face open-off cuts, the anchor rope's anchorage force changes in the range of 140 ~ 160kN, the maximum delaminating value of the roof in anchorage zone is about 7mm, and the maximum roof-to-floor convergence is 38mm. The result shows that the proposed "anchor bar - combined anchor rope - concrete" supporting model improved the overall bearing capacity of the supporting structure, controlled the tunnel wall rock's deformation effectively, and also achieved the desired effect of the supporting design, ensured the safety of the large section open-off cuts.

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8

Su, Yang, and David Jones. "Healing the ‘Scar’ of the Landscape: Post-Mining Landscape in Anglesea." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.613.

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<p>The nexus between environmental bio-remediation and environmental design, as it pertains to disused coal mining sites in Australia, is little investigated. Increasingly, many of these open cut extraction holes around south-eastern Australia, are becoming redundant as their resources are exhausted or non-economic viability creeps into the industry or are becoming management ‘nightmares’. The recently announced March 2017 cessation of the Yallourn Power Station and associated brown coal Open Cut, and the recent fires and insurance liability legal determinations of the Yallourn Open Cut are exemplar of the former and latter respectively.</p>This paper surveys the deeper bio-remediation and ecological transformative issues directly associated with the Anglesea brown coal Open Cut, and offers an ecological design lens insight as to possible treatments and scenarios that can be offered to guide the future use and management of the site. The lens demonstrates the richness that interdisciplinary design and applied research offers in assisting the healing and mediation of sites. The extraordinary nature and scope of the Anglesea coal mine site provides an opportunity to create a range of cultural attractions, natural succession treatments, natural bio-remediation strategies and educational opportunities. One scenario, for an Anglesea Lake Eco-Resort, proposes to incorporate an integrated Aboriginal cultural destination, performance centre, art installations and recreational venues, engaging the Anglesea community, visitors, researchers and students towards creating a vibrant and unique environment.

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9

Zheng, Wenxiang, Yujie Guo, Guojun Zhi, Xiankai Bao, Ming Sun, Ruiping Ren, Zhijun Duan, and Zhendong Gao. "Stability Analysis and Control Measures of Large-Span Open-Off Cut with Argillaceous Cemented Sandstone Layered Roof." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8744081.

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This paper is based on the condition where layered argillaceous cemented sandstone as an engineering background is met by the No. 207 fully mechanized working face open-off cut (Wanli No. 1 Coal Mine). Through mechanical theory analysis and field practice, the engineering safety problem of the large-span argillaceous cemented sandstone layered open-off cut roof supporting structure was analyzed. The roof caving arch height of the open-off cut roadway in 207 working face was obtained based on the mechanical mechanism of instability and caving of the layered surrounding rock mass roof. The anchor cable suspension and bearing stability of the open-off cut roof were analyzed in terms of the layered beam structure model. Meanwhile, combining with conditions, reasonable and effective support countermeasures and key parameters are proposed for such open-off cut roadway and enhance the actual supporting engineering on-site. These research results could provide engineering reference for an open-off cut roadway with composite roof conditions featured to weak cementation and weak interlayer.

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10

Zhang, Xiao Yu, Feng Ming Liu, and Gang Chen. "Geo-Stress Measurement and its Application in the Yangchangwan Coal Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.398.

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The initial stress of rock is a basic parameter, which can be used for surrounding rock stability analysis, exploitation and support design. By utilizing stress relief method of hollow inclusion with its characters of high precision and obtaining three dimensional stress at one time, we have measured three dimensional stress magnitude and direction in north wing roadway (-850m) and 710 open-off cut (-1000m), respectively. The results show that the horizontal tectonic stress is obvious in this coal area.

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11

Meng, Hai Dong, Yan Xu, and Dong Yuan Zang. "The Failure Mode Analysis of Open Pit Slope Base on Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.35.

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This paper is aimed at analysing the slope failure model for an open pit slope. Firstly, The method of engineering geological survey is carried out for the open pit south slope. Then, the appropriate geological model is established. And the slope model of the open pits was established and solved by finite elemen program. The analysis reveals the internal sliding of the open-cut and the failure modes of bottom sliding along the base weak level. It will be an important guiding significance for the safe production of open pit coal mine.

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12

Yousef Ibrahim, M., and C. Barfoot. "Robotization of coal harvesting in open cut lignite mines." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (October 1997): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710177191.

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13

Huxtable, C. H. A., T. B. Koen, and D. Waterhouse. "Establishment of native and exotic grasses on mine overburden and topsoil in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05006.

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Native grasses have an important role to play in mine rehabilitation throughout Australia, but there have been few scientifically designed studies of field establishment of native grasses from sown seed in this country. Current recommendations for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley involve the sowing of exotic pasture species to reinstate mined land to Class IV and V under the Rural Land Capability System. Despite the importance of native grasses in the pre-mined landscape, they are currently not widely included in mine rehabilitation. To address this issue a project was conducted between 1994 and 2000 to research the use of native grasses for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley. This paper reports on 2 mine site experiments that aimed to assess establishment and persistence of a broad range of native and exotic grass species from an autumn sowing in both topsoil and raw spoil over a period of 61 months. The most promising natives in terms of early establishment, persistence and spread over time, included six C3 accessions (five Austrodanthonia spp. and Austrostipa bigeniculata) and one C4 accession (Cynodon dactylon). Persistence of these accessions was better in raw spoil than topsoil, despite initial low numbers, due to a lack of weed competition and their ability to spread by self-seeding. In topsoil, and in the absence of any biomass reduction, native species were mostly out-competed by vigorous exotic perennial grasses which were sown in these experiments and from seed influx from adjacent rehabilitation areas or from the soil seed bank. The effects of climatic conditions and differences in soil physical, chemical and seed bank characteristics at the 2 mine sites are also discussed.

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14

Sander, R., and L. D. Connell. "A probabilistic assessment of enhanced coal mine methane drainage (ECMM) as a fugitive emission reduction strategy for open cut coal mines." International Journal of Coal Geology 131 (September 2014): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2014.06.016.

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15

Li, Chen, Jun Li, Xiaoyong Lian, Yongen Li, Qi Xue, and Jicheng Feng. "Roof Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of Large Section Open-Off Cut in Soft Rock Strata with Thin Thickness." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 17, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533741.

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The open-off cut is used for equipment installation of working face before underground mining, and its sectional size is larger than that of the mining roadway. Therefore, the stability of open-off cut surrounding rock determines whether the panel can be put into operation. To solve the roof instability of open-off cut in the Wanli No.1 coal mine, the roof failure mechanism of open-off cut under weak composite rock strata with thin thickness was studied by field monitoring, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. First, the characteristics of surrounding rock and the basic law of strata behaviors were obtained by detailed field monitoring. Afterward, FLAC3D numerical simulation and mechanical analysis were used to obtain the main mechanical control parameters of surrounding rock instability, and the existence of a soft interlayer above the roof is the main cause of roof instability. Based on this, the supporting parameters of the open-off cut were optimized and adjusted. The optimized parameters were applied to the adjacent 31207 open-off cut. The engineering practice showed that the optimized supporting parameters have an ideal control effect on roof stability.

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16

Jones, Rebecca, Sarah Lee, Darryl Maybery, and Alexander McFarlane. "Experiences of a prolonged coal-mine fire." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 5 (November 5, 2018): 534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2018-0145.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perspectives of local residents regarding the impact of the long-duration Hazelwood open cut coal mine fire in rural Australia.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was undertaken involving 27 in-depth interviews with adults who lived in the town of Morwell, immediately adjacent to the coal mine fire.FindingsParticipant concerns focussed upon fear and confusion during the event, the perceived health effects of the smoke, anger towards authorities and loss of a sense of community and sense of security. One of the significant ways in which people managed these responses was to normalise the event. The long duration of the event created deep uncertainty which exaggerated the impact of the fire.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding the particular nature of the impact of this event may assist the authors to better understand the ongoing human impact of long-duration disasters in the future.Practical implicationsIt is important to provide clear and understandable quality information to residents during and after such disasters.Originality/valueWhile there is an extensive literature exploring the direct social and psychological impacts of acute natural disasters, less qualitative research has been conducted into the experiences of longer term critical events.

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17

Tyuleneva, Tatiana, Roman Shishkov, Elena Kucherova, and Marat Moldazhanov. "Combined Method of Coal Mining in the Opening of Shallow Layers as a Direction of Innovative Development of Geotechnology." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131501006.

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In recent years, there has been a decline in the efficiency of coal mining by traditional methods. On the one hand, the volume of coal outside the contour of the cut, which is economically impractical for open-pit mining, is increasing. On the other hand, when using underground geotechnology, the cost of production exceeds the cost of performing mining operations using open geotechnology, this is due to differences in the factors of operation of the open pit and the mine. This circumstance determines the use of open-underground technology for mining coal reserves outside the contour of the open pit as an actual and promising direction. This article describes a methodological approach based on the use of technological schemes for the preparation and treatment of reserves of powerful shallow coal seams, the justification of the parameters of combined geotechnology with a coordinated and balanced development of open and open-underground mining operations with the distribution of reserves for open and open-underground mining of coal reserves beyond the limit contour of the open pit, the preparation of excavation sites directly from its workings and the coordination of production capacity and the speed of their development. Its application will increase the production capacity of the coal mining complex without additional environmental burden and will provide an increased return on investment.

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18

Nosek, S., Z. Janour, K. Jurcakova, R. Kellnerova, and L. Kukacka. "Neutrally stratified flow modelling over complex terrain at meso-scale: open-cut coal mine study." EPJ Web of Conferences 45 (2013): 01070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134501070.

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19

Charlton, Greg. "Simulation for performance enhancement of systems: Case study of an open-cut coal mine operation." International Journal of Systems Science 30, no. 4 (January 1999): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002077299292362.

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20

Naidu, B. P., M. R. Harwood, J. B. Hacker, B. R. Thumma, and J. J. Mott. "Pasture species selection for revegetation of open-cut coal mine areas in central Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 11, no. 1 (January 1997): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208119708944051.

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21

Dalatkazin, T. Sh, and P. I. Zuev. "Study of geodynamic situation cut off parts of the plots using ergonometry with the open method of field development." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 3-1 (March 20, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-31-0-46-55.

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Modern methods for calculating the safety factor of the sides of the open pit do not take into account the parameters of the modern geodynamic activity of the instrument array. The article presents the results of the first stage of research on the unique capabilities of radonometry to solve this problem. The studies were carried out in the instrument areas of the Shubarkol coal deposit. Terrigenous-carbonate sediments represented by fine and coarse-grained sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, loamy rocks and coals take part in the geological structure of the deposit. The stress-strain state of the rock massif in the area of the Shubarkulsky coal deposit is very heterogeneous. The nature of the deformation processes of the sides of the section is constant and moderate. Here, a discrete distribution of deformation sections is characteristic. The article presents the methods of radonometric measurements, the processing of measurement results and the results of studies of the near-surface sections of a coal mine, aimed at developing a methodology for quantitatively taking into account the degree of modern geodynamic activity in the design of open pit sides. Based on the results of radonometry, the geodynamic activity indices identified in the study of the deformation zones of the instrumentation areas are determined. An algorithm for further studies of the problem of taking into account the degree of modern geodynamic activity in determining the safety margin of open pit sides is determined.The accumulation and generalization of empirical information about the deformation processes of open pits and the results of studies of the geodynamic situation of dash sites, determined using radonometry, will make it possible to modernize the methodology for calculating the margin of safety margin of the sides.

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22

Richardson, Claire, Shannon Rutherford, and Igor Agranovski. "Particulate emission rates for open surfaces in Australian open cut black coal mines." Journal of Environmental Management 232 (February 2019): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.020.

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23

Proctor, Heather, and Andrew Grigg. "Aquatic invertebrates in final void water bodies at an open-cut coal mine in central Queensland." Australian Journal of Entomology 45, no. 2 (May 2006): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00529.x.

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24

Zhao, Liang, Ting Ren, and Ningbo Wang. "Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (September 2017): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.07.008.

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25

Naderian, A. R., and D. J. Williams. "Simulation of water recovery and its effect on settlement of open-cut coal mine back-fill." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 10, no. 2 (January 1996): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208119608964805.

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26

Xie, Shengrong, Qing Zhang, Dongdong Chen, En Wang, Junchao Zeng, Chunwei Ji, Xiaoyu Wu, Zaisheng Jiang, Feng Chen, and Shunxing Qiao. "Research of Roof Anchorage Rock Beam Bearing Structure Model of Extra-Large Width Open-Off Cut and Its Engineering Application in a Coal Mine, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3093294.

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The stability of the extra-large width open-off cut of a longwall panel has been a major concern in underground solid backfill mining. In this study, a numerical model was built with FLAC3D for analyzing the characteristics of the effective prestressed field distribution in the extra-large width open-off cut roof in Xingdong coal mine, China. The numerical results obtained in this study demonstrate that an anchorage rock beam bearing structure (ARBBS) can be formed. Additionally, the ARBBS model was also constructed. The analytical expression of the maximum shear stress (MSS) in the model was obtained under the functions of composite influencing factors. Then, the MSS evolution laws in ARBBS with different thicknesses and spans were investigated using MATLAB software. The stress changes in ARBBS with a span of 15 m were compared and analyzed under the functions of single and composite influencing factors. The cooperative control principle of the roof ARBBS and two rib anchorage bearing structures was also clarified. Accordingly, a combined support scheme for an 11.5 m-wide open-off cut was proposed. The field applications demonstrated that the scheme successfully controlled the failure and deformation of the surrounding rock, thus contributing to the fast development of the open-off cut and the quick and timely installations of the backfill mining equipment. This validated the results of the ARBBS model. This study is expected to provide helpful references for other extra-large width open-off cut or roadway stability investigations and rock support design under similar engineering and geological conditions.

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27

Wongchana, Pongsakorn, and Peerapong Jitsangiam. "Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Claystone from Mae Moh Coal Mine, Thailand." Key Engineering Materials 841 (May 2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.841.155.

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The open pit mine is excavation soil from the Earth's surface, leading to presence of cut steep slopes with stability-concerned manners. Mae Moh open pit mine has the main component of claystone with ambiguous properties under stress condition changes from mine operations. Therefore, the strength of the claystone must be studied to be used for the slope stability analysis. Shear strength parameters for slope stability analysis were derived from the Triaxial Compression tests. Claystone is a type of sedimentary rock. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the equipment of the triaxial compression strength test to fit with intrinsic soft rock characteristics of the Mae Moh Claystone. Determination of parameters was based on Mohr Coulomb model, because it is the basis for slope stability analysis and can be resulted from the triaxial compression test. In addition, many computer-based programs for slope stability analysis also were relied onthe Mohr Coulomb model, including PLAXIS used in this study. Before the analysis, the model were validated by the function of “Simulation of Lab Test” in PLAXIS. Comparison on triaxial compression test results between the Mohr-Coulomb Model from PLAXIS and triaxial compression tests were made. This article reported the strength characteristics of Mae Moh claystone.

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Naderian, A. R., D. J. Williams, and I. H. Clark. "Numerical modelling of settlements in back-filled open-cut coal mines." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208119608964791.

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29

Ludwig, B., J. Prenzel, and P. Obermann. "Modelling ion composition in seepage water from a column experiment with an open cut coal mine sediment." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 73, no. 2 (October 2001): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(01)00190-x.

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30

Ngugi, Michael R., Victor J. Neldner, David Doley, Brano Kusy, Darren Moore, and Christian Richter. "Soil moisture dynamics and restoration of self-sustaining native vegetation ecosystem on an open-cut coal mine." Restoration Ecology 23, no. 5 (May 7, 2015): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12221.

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31

Li, Zongxiang, Dongjie Hu, Yu Liu, Yuhang Li, and Chuntong Miao. "Method for Determining Spontaneous Combustion Risk in Roof Cutting Gob-Side Entry Retaining U + L Ventilation Goaf for Mining Safety." Geofluids 2022 (October 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7489550.

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It is difficult to accurately determine the risk of spontaneous combustion in the U + L ventilation goaf of the first mining face when using the method of roof cutting gob-side entry retaining (RCGSER). To address this problem, the I2101 working face of Qipanjing Mine was considered as the research object in this study. Laboratory experiments, field measurements, and CFD numerical simulation were used to study the continuous oxygen consumption characteristics of coal samples and the distribution of spontaneous combustion danger areas in U + L goaf. The results showed that the oxygen consumption capacity of the coal samples was weak. The continuous oxygen consumption rate of the coal samples had a negative exponential distribution, and the oxygen volume fraction in the smothering zone (critical) was 15%. Furthermore, the three likely areas for spontaneous combustion in the RCGSER goaf were near the open-off cut, within 5–10 m near the RCGSER roadway, and behind the working face. Additionally, the relationship between the dangerous area ( S f ) and the different positions ( x ) of the working face was expressed as S f = a + b ⋅ exp c ⋅ x b < 0 , c < 0 . On this basis, the fire prevention and extinguishing measures of nitrogen injection was recommended near the open-off cut as well as inhibitor injection at the RCGSER roadway. Because the maximum width of the spontaneous combustion oxidation zone in Qipanjing Mine is 80 m and the minimum daily advancing speed is 1.2 m, spontaneous combustion risk did not exist. This research slightly fills the theoretical gap in the relatively new field of fire prevention in RCGSER goaf.

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32

Jin, Zhiyuan, and Tao Peng. "Control of the Internal and External Staggered Distance of Coal Mining Face to the Water-Conducting Fissures in the Overlying Strata of the Near Coal." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1499675.

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In Northwest China, rainfall is low, water resources are scarce, and the ecological environment is fragile. For shallow-buried and close-spaced coal seams with a thickness of upper coal bed >60∼70 m, the water-conducting fissures of the overlying rock will not penetrate the water-isolating layer after the upper coal seam is mined; the internal and external gap angles of the water-conducting fissures are not generated from the water-isolating layer. We set out to explore the critical internal and external dislocations for the second significant development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying rock after coal mining under control. A calculation model for the critical internal and external staggered distances of coal mining face in shallow-buried and close-spaced coal seams is established, the calculation formula is given, and the calculation formula for the critical seam mining ratio under the condition of internal staggered mining mode is given. Numerical simulation performed by UDEC methods: taking the overburden strata in the shallow-buried and close-spaced coal seam mining area of Shigetai Coal Mine as a prototype, it was verified that the critical internal and external offsets of the coal mining face in shallow-buried and close-spaced coal seams have a significant effect on the overlying water flow cracks in the mining of the lower coal seam. For the feasibility of developmental control, according to the engineering geological conditions of Shigetai, through the calculation method of external staggered distance, it is concluded that the distance of the open cut of the lower coal face and the upper coal face is only 21∼27 m, which is much smaller than the water barrier. It does not produce the critical distance of the water-conducting cracks. Therefore, in the process of mining the lower coal seam, the water-proof layer will produce water-conducting cracks, lose its water-proof performance, and cause water loss. This is also the cause of the water inrush accident in Shigetai Coal Mine.

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Liu, Zai Bin. "North China Lower Coal Surrounding Rock Failure Characteristics Study Based on FLAC3D and Fiber Bragg Grating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1057.

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In order to study north China type coal field lower coal surrounding rock failure characteristics, a numerical model was built based on the numerical simulation software FLAC3D. Water inrush information was monitored during mining process based on optical fiber Bragg grating sensor technology. Lower coal surrounding failure characteristics were studied according to numerical simulation and monitoring results. This study show that the first weighting distance of the test face is from 35m to 40m and the periodic weighting step distance is from 10m to 20m. Coal floor can be divided to three areas which are increased stress area, decreased stress area and recovery stress area. Coal roof failure scope is like a composition of two saddle-shaped zones along trend and tendency directions. Normal failure depth of the test face floor is from 10m to 12.5m, and it can reach 22.5m near open-off cut and stop line. The research can explain the reason of the test faces water inrush accident and can direct lower coal mine water control work.

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Johnson, Amanda L., Caroline X. Gao, Martine Dennekamp, Grant J. Williamson, David Brown, Matthew T. C. Carroll, Jillian F. Ikin, Anthony Del Monaco, Michael J. Abramson, and Yuming Guo. "Associations between Respiratory Health Outcomes and Coal Mine Fire PM2.5 Smoke Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (November 2, 2019): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214262.

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In 2014, wildfires ignited a fire in the Morwell open cut coal mine, Australia, which burned for six weeks. This study examined associations between self-reported respiratory outcomes in adults and mine fire-related PM2.5 smoke exposure. Self-reported data were collected as part of the Hazelwood Health Study Adult Survey. Eligible participants were adult residents of Morwell. Mine fire-related PM2.5 concentrations were provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship. Personalised mean 24-h and peak 12-h mine fire-related PM2.5 exposures were estimated for each participant. Data were analysed by multivariate logistic regression. There was some evidence of an association between respiratory outcomes and mine fire PM2.5 exposure. Chronic cough was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.23) per 10 μg/m3 increment in mean PM2.5 and 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) per 100 μg/m3 increment in peak PM2.5. Current wheeze was associated with peak PM2.5, OR = 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) and chronic phlegm with mean PM2.5 OR = 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20). Coal mine PM2.5 smoke exposure was associated with increased odds of experiencing cough, phlegm and wheeze. Males, participants 18–64 years, and those residing in homes constructed from non-brick/concrete materials or homes with tin/metal roofs had higher estimated ORs. These findings contribute to the formation of public health policy responses.

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Mulligan, David R., Andrew H. Grigg, David Bowen, Matthew S. Orr, and L. Clive Bell. "A COMPARISON OF VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT ON COARSE COAL REJECT AND REPLACED TOPSOIL ON AN OPEN-CUT COAL MINE IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1999, no. 1 (1999): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr99010254.

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36

Xingen, Ma, He Manchao, Hu Bing, Wang Dalong, Chen Cunqiang, Li Jing, Gao Jianxun, Jiang Qi, and Bai Zongrong. "Study on Key Parameter Design and Adaptability Technology of the 110 Mining Method for the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine in the Diandong Mining Area." Minerals 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020176.

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The 110 mining method is a high-efficiency entry-retaining technology without coal pillars or filling materials. At present, there is no precedent for its application in the Huaneng Group. In order to introduce this technology, it is planned to carry out experimental application research in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine of the Huaneng Diandong mining area. The Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine is a typical coal and gas outburst mine with a coal seam group. In view of the introduction of the 110 mining method under these conditions, first, the geological conditions of the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine in the Huaneng Diandong mining area are analyzed, the geological characteristics of the test mining face are summarized, and the practical feasibility of the 110 mining method is analyzed according to the geological characteristics of “one soft, one low, two high, and two complex”. Then, according to the engineering experience, calculations, and analysis, the key parameters of roof cutting of the test mining face in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine are obtained, and with the help of a numerical simulation, the roof-cutting height, the roof-cutting angle, and the blasting parameters are numerically simulated and analyzed. The roof-cutting key parameters of the test face are obtained as follows: the roof-cutting depth is 7 m, the roof-cutting angle is 15°, and the blasting method is continuous hole blasting with 500 mm spacing. After that, according to the coal and gas outburst and the occurrence conditions of coal seams in the Yuwang NO.1 Coal Mine, a variety of gob closure design schemes and gob gas drainage design schemes are put forward, and the field effect investigation scheme is given. After the tunnels and open-off cut of the test coal mine’s first mining face are connected, under the guidance of the above research results, the field blasting test and the 110 mining method entry-retaining test are further carried out to verify the rationality of the design of the roof-cutting parameters and the feasibility of the gangue wall closure and gas drainage design. Furthermore, in the process of the field practice, continuous research is carried out on the stope pressure law and the adjacent layer gas drainage technology under the 110 mining method, and finally, the 110 mining method application technology system in the Diandong Mining Area is formed.

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Dalton, Craig. "Strategic Air Quality Monitoring Near Open Cut Coal Mines, Hunter Valley, Australia." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 4802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-04-24.

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SASAOKA, Takashi, Akihiro HAMANAKA, Hideki SHIMADA, Kikuo MATSUI, and Masatomo ICHINOSE. "Development of Underground Coal Mine from Toe of Open-cut Highwalls in Indonesia ." Journal of MMIJ 131, no. 5 (2015): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.131.195.

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Luhar, Ashok K., Kathryn M. Emmerson, Fabienne Reisen, Grant J. Williamson, and Martin E. Cope. "Modelling smoke distribution in the vicinity of a large and prolonged fire from an open-cut coal mine." Atmospheric Environment 229 (May 2020): 117471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117471.

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Wu, Fengfeng, Bo Lv, Jian Zhang, Zhiqiang Gao, Shibao Liu, and Qingcong Zhou. "Study on Failure Characteristics and Reasonable Mining Parameters of Upward Mining of Integrated Coal Mine." Geofluids 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4647558.

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In order to avoid the problem of repeated repair of roadways in the upper mining area of upward mining in the integrated mine, taking the roadways in the 302 mining area of Shancheng Coal Mine as the research object, the failure characteristics of overlying strata and the evolution characteristics of roadway plastic zone in the mining process of underlying coal seam were studied by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering measurement. The influence law of underlying coal seam mining on the integrity of 3# coal seam and the stability of roadways in the 302 mining area was revealed, and the repair opportunity of roadways in the upper coal seam and the reasonable position of open-off cut in the lower coal seam working face were determined. The research shows that due to the influence of the mining of the working face in the underlying coal seam, the plastic failure of the overlying strata is serious during the upward mining of Shancheng Coal Mine, but there is no step dislocation, but the overall subsidence is presented. The plastic zone range of roadway in 302 mining area first increases and then tends to be stable with the mining of 97308 working face in underlying coal seam, and the roadway repair should be carried out after 280 m advance of 97308 working face. Based on the coordination between the influence of the cutting position of the underlying coal seam on the variation characteristics of the plastic zone of the upper roadway and the saving of coal resources, it is determined that the cutting position of the underlying 153308 working face is advanced to 340 m. The field engineering application shows that the deformation of roadway surrounding rock meets the production requirements by implementing the above mining parameters, and the rerepair of roadway surrounding rock deformation in 302 mining area of 3# coal seam is avoided.

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Duncan, G., M. Downey, L. Leung, and P. Harman. "The development of cross hole seismic techniques and case studies." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989127.

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This paper outlines the development of a cross hole seismic tomography package by The Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd. (BHP), as a tool for mineral exploration and mine planning. The methodology of cross hole seismic tomography, field procedures, instrumentation, processing software, and field trials are described.Explosives are principally used as the source of seismic energy. A repetitive source, based on rapid hydrogen-oxygen combustion, has also been developed. Signals are detected by geophone-based detector strings, and recorded by a data acquisition system developed by BHP. Tomographic imaging is conducted by the Algebraic Reconstruction, Back Projection and Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction techniques.Surveys have been conducted in a number of different geological environments, and include: lead-zinc, iron ore and manganese exploration leases and mines to locate mineralisation and overburden interfaces; underground coal mines to locate regions of mining induced stress; and open cut and underground coal mines to locate coal and overburden contacts. The results of these surveys are discussed.

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Qi, Chongchong, Wei Zhou, Xiang Lu, Huaiting Luo, Binh Thai Pham, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "Particulate matter concentration from open-cut coal mines: A hybrid machine learning estimation." Environmental Pollution 263 (August 2020): 114517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114517.

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Chen, Kai, Ying Ge, Zhiqi Liu, Lifeng Chen, and Quan Zhang. "Overburden Failure Associated with Slicing Mining in a Super Thick Coal Seam under Special Weak Aquifers." Water 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233882.

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With the increasing improvement of national ecological standards, the eco-environmental problems caused by super thick coal seam mining in western China are becoming more and more serious. The failure law of weak overburden stratum is an important factor affecting the safe mining of coal. The failure characteristics of weakly cemented overburden under high-intensity mining in the mining area of western China were studied. For this purpose, a case study was conducted in the 1101 working face of the Baituyao Coal Mine in Ürümqi County. Based on the analysis of geological conditions in the study area, we combined empirical calculations with engineering analogy, physical simulation, and numerical simulation to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of mining-induced overburden failure. The study showed that the overburden in the study area had several unfavorable engineering geological characteristics, including ease of softening in the presence of water. The Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation is a directly recharged aquifer with a weak water-retaining property. Overburden failure mainly occurred at the two ends of the open-off cut. During the mining process, vertical fissures and bed-separated fissures were periodically developed and closed, and the fissures were interconnected. The overburden was fractured, and the fractured zone showed a trapezoidal shape, tapering off from bottom to top. The heights of the caving zone and the water-conducting fracture zone were 25 and 280 m, respectively, in the 1101 working face of the Baituyao Coal Mine, and the ratio of fracturing to mining height was 14.0. Due to the weakly cemented overburden and the presence of the Neogene weak aquifer, the risk of water and sand bursts still exists in this working face under high-intensity mining. Our findings shed light on the safe mining and environmental protection of the ground surface in coal mine shafts in western China.

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Balkenhol, Ralf, Bernard Ludwig, Kristian Ufer, Johannes Jochum, and Günther Friedrich. "Pyrite oxidation in sediment samples from the German open-cut brown coal mine Zwenkau: mineral formation and dissolution of silicates." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 164, no. 3 (June 2001): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2624(200106)164:3<283::aid-jpln283>3.0.co;2-4.

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Mercuri, A. M., J. A. Duggin, and C. D. Grant. "The use of saline mine water and municipal wastes to establish plantations on rehabilitated open-cut coal mines, Upper Hunter Valley NSW, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 204, no. 2-3 (January 2005): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.008.

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46

Small, C. A., and N. R. Morgenstern. "Performance of a highwall in soft rock, Highvale mine, Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-041.

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The Highvale mine, west of Edmonton, Alta., is a strip-mining operation with Upper Cretaceous soft sandstone and mudstone overlying the coal deposit. Highwalls cut in the soft rock experienced numerous failures from 1983 to 1985 that disrupted stripping and mining operations and posed a threat to safety. The performance of a 20–23 m highwall at Highvale was studied in 1987 and 1988 to gain insight to the mechanisms of failure. The study utilized surveying, slope indicators, and piezometers to determine the deformation and seepage pattern behind the highwall as it rebounded into the pit upon excavation. Translational movements were found to extend over 250 m behind the highwall along weak, probably presheared bentonitic mudstones. The sandstone and mudstone overburden was observed to extend toward the open pit. This affected the pore-pressure regime and led to a reduction in the mass strength of the sandstone and mudstone. The findings of this study contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of highwall failure in soft sedimentary rocks. Key words : highwall, deformations, failure, seepage, loosening, softening.

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Yu, Yang, Lianying Zhang, Jianfei Lu, Dingchao Chen, Xiangqian Zhao, and Limin Liu. "Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Floor Stress and Reasonable Layout of Roadways in Deep Coal Mining." Geofluids 2021 (March 13, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631444.

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The safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources is severely restricted by the dynamic disasters caused by high gas and high ground stress. Taking a deep mine in China as the research background, a mechanical model of the front supporting stress with the working face was constructed through theoretical calculations. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the stress distribution in the plastic zone and the elastic zone of the lateral working face was derived; based on semi-infinite plane mechanics model, the floor vertical and horizontal stress distribution was deduced. Then, the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement field distribution evolution characteristics were revealed through numerical simulation. On this basis, the reasonable floor gas drainage roadway (FGDR) layout was determined: internal staggered layout was used with FGDR, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the working face end is 15 m; the open-off cut of FGDR was arranged in an external staggered layout, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the open-off cut of the working face is 15 m. It is an important practical significance for the layout of FGDR, the control of surrounding rocks, and the improvement of gas drainage effects under similar conditions through the research results.

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48

Richardson, Claire, Shannon Rutherford, and Igor Agranovski. "Characterization of particulate emissions from Australian open-cut coal mines: Toward improved emission estimates." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 68, no. 6 (April 18, 2018): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2017.1415236.

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Johansen, Kasper, Peter D. Erskine, and Matthew F. McCabe. "Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to assess the rehabilitation performance of open cut coal mines." Journal of Cleaner Production 209 (February 2019): 819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.287.

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McArdle, Dudley, Caroline Spencer, and Frank Archer. "Morwell Coal Mine Fire as a Cascading Disaster: A Case Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000360.

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Introduction:Despite the influential Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks, risk remains poorly understood in the emergency preparedness sector. Hazard assessment and risk management are usually considered before events. An alternative view considers risk as a cascade of potential consequences throughout an event. The 2014 fire in the Victorian rural community of Morwell included a three-phased event: a small bush fire, from which embers ignited a persistent fire in a disused open cut brown coal mine fire. The consequent air pollution precipitated a public health emergency in the nearby community of 15,000 people.Aim:To examine this event as a case study to investigate concordance with accepted definitions and key elements of a cascading event.Methods:Selected literature informed a risk cascade definition and model as a framework to examine the key post-event public inquiries available in the public domain.Results:Informed by a Conceptual Framework for a Hazard Evolving into a Disaster (Birnbaum et al., 2015), Wong and colleagues promote a Core Structure of a Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies (Wong, 2017). This Core Structure provided an adequate model to examine the sequence of events in the Morwell event. Definitions of cascading effects is more complex (Zuccaro et al., 2018). Our analysis of the Morwell event used the authoritative definition of cascading disasters published by Pescaroli and Alexander (2015). Using this definition, the Morwell event increased in progression over time and generated unexpected secondary events of strong impact. The secondary events could be distinguished from the original source of disaster, and demonstrated failures of physical structures as well as inadequacy of disaster mitigation strategies, while highlighting unresolved vulnerabilities in human society.Discussion:The Morwell coal mine fire of 2014 reflects the key criteria of a cascading disaster and provides understandings to mitigate the consequences of similar events in the future.

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