Academic literature on the topic 'Open-Die Forging'

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Journal articles on the topic "Open-Die Forging"

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Dindorf, Ryszard, Jakub Takosoglu, and Piotr Wos. "Prediction of the parameters and the hot open die elongation forging process on an 80 MN hydraulic press." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0056.

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Abstract The main task of the study was to develop and implement predictive control in the hot open die forging process of heavy, large, and hard deformable steel forgings on an 80 MN hydraulic press at the Forged Products Department (FPD) of Celsa Huta Ostrowiec (CHO). The predicted hot flow stresses and the predicted deformation/forging forces as a function of the parameters of the elongation forging process were determined. The predicted parameters of the forging process were included in the dynamic model of the hydraulic forging press. Generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm of the hot open-die forging process on the hydraulic press was developed. The use of predictive control solved the uncertainty of the hot open forging process, which depends on the dimensions, shapes, and material properties of the forgings, as well as the parameters of the hydraulic press and forging tools.
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Dindorf, Ryszard, and Piotr Wos. "Energy-Saving Hot Open Die Forging Process of Heavy Steel Forgings on an Industrial Hydraulic Forging Press." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071620.

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The study deals with the energy-saving process of hot open die elongation forging of heavy steel forgings on an 80 MN industrial hydraulic forging press. Three innovative energy-saving power supply solutions useful for industrial hydraulic forging presses were analyzsed. The energy-saving power supply of hydraulic forging presses consists in reducing electricity consumption by the electric motor driving the pumps, reducing the noise emitted by pumps and reducing leaks in hydraulic piston cylinders. The predicted forging force as a function of heavy steel forging heights for various deformation temperatures and strain rates was determined. A simulation model of the 80 MN hydraulic forging press is presented, which is useful for determining the time-varying parameters during the forging process. An energy-saving control for the hydraulic forging press based on the forging process parameters’ prediction has been developed. Real-time model predictive control (MPC) was developed based on multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO), and global predictive control (GPC). The GPC has been implemented in the control system of an 80 MN industrial hydraulic forging press. The main advantage of this control system is the repeatability of the forging process and minimization of the size deviation of heavy large steel forgings
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Kwon, Yongchul, Sangsik Kim, and Jonghun Kang. "Study on the cavity closure behavior of steel ingots during open die forging." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 13 (April 3, 2019): 2447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419840562.

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The manufacturing of sound forgings from large steel ingots requires that internal cavity defects generated during the steel ingot solidification process be compressed by open die forging. The forging ratio that is generally recommended to remove internal defects in large forged products is 3S (threefold); however, the practice lacks a theoretical basis. In this study, a forging experiment and a finite element analysis were performed to investigate the correlation between the forging ratio for large steel ingots (3S) and the cavity closure behavior. First, a hot compression experiment was performed by varying the temperature and strain rate, and the flow stress data observed in the experiment was applied to the finite element analysis. In the experiment for the cogging process, the forging ratio was applied to an actual non-compressive defect material. The finite element analysis was performed using the same forging path as the forging experiment. In the cogging experiment, cavity closure was found by ultrasonic inspection at the forging ratio of 2.9S. The finite element analysis showed that the size of the cavity was significantly decreased at the forging ratio of 2.9S. A finite element analysis was also performed to investigate effective strain and hydrostatic stress at the forging ratio of 2.9S. Finally, this article provides the theoretical basis for the limitation of the internal defect size in initial materials, the threshold effective strain, and the limiting forging ratio of forged products to ensure the internal soundness of large forged products.
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Gao, Jian Xin, Pei Feng Zhao, Ke Xing Song, and Qing Wang. "The Numerical Simulation of Conductive Body Forming Process and Mould Design." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.177.

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T2-copper conductive body is a important part used in high voltage switch, it has poor machining process due to the complex shape. Through Deform numerical simulation, conductive body was formed by open-die forging and closed die forging. In the open-die forging simulation,heat transfer coefficient between blank (880°C) and open-die (200°C) is 11, the surrounding environment temperature is 20°C, friction factor is 0.3. The main open-die forging process parameters is: outer draft angle α=6.5°; inner draft angle β=10°; bridge width b=5、8、11mm. punching skin and cylindrical blank. Simulation results show that forging can meet the requirement while properly adjusting mould parameters. The main size of closed-die forging working parts is designed according to the conductive body graph, no draft angle and ring blank of external diameter Φ111mm and inside diameter Φ93mm with the same volume of conductive body. The simulation results shows that forging can be formed using open-die forging, and it is difficult to form product by the process of the closed-die forging for ring blank because of the restriction of solid state metal liquidity, many regions of the filling is not sufficient. Open-die forging and casting blank-closed die forging are both used in actual production. The casting blank-closed die forging is a more reasonable forming process compared with the open-die forging as metal volume of distribution is solved, higher utilization rate of material, more simple process in following work and the like. To make it more suitable for practical production, appropriate adjustments of some parameters was made in the mold design process based on the numerical simulation. Keywords: open-die forging; casting blank–closed die forging; numerical simulation
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Metelmann, Isabella B., Annett Oltmans, and Sebastian Kraemer. "Isolated open bronchus fracture after open die forging." Trauma Case Reports 32 (April 2021): 100460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcr.2021.100460.

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Shirizly, A., J. Tirosh, and L. Rubinski. "Open die forging of porous materials." Materials Science and Engineering: A 249, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(98)00563-2.

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Wolfgarten, Martin, Dirk Rosenstock, Jan Freitag, and Gerhard Hirt. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Controlling the Material Flow in Open-Die Forging through Superimposed Manipulator Displacements." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.272.

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In the past, different methods have been investigated regarding the production of curved workpieces by open-die forging as a significant demand for open-die forged parts with excellent mechanical properties exists. Current ways to produce curved workpieces by open-die forging have the disadvantages of complex preforms and inflexibility. One alternative approach to realize the production of curved workpieces by open-die forging is to actively control the material flow in open-die forging by superimposed manipulator movements during a forging stroke. Since the currently formed material between the forging dies is in a plastic state during the deformation, the required bending forces can be reduced significantly. This concept is investigated in a first study for the cold-forging of an aluminum alloy by numerical simulation and experiments on laboratory scale. For the process, the bite ratio, height reduction and the intended bending angle were identified as most important process parameters. Both numerical and experimental investigation proved the feasibility of the process principle since the bending forces, moments and the bending work can be reduced significantly.
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Liang, Jin Tao, Sheng Dun Zhao, and Jian Wang Zhao. "A Novel Dimension Measurement System of Hot Large Open Die Forgings." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2728.

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In this paper, based on the analysis of the problem about manual measure for hot large open die forings and the significance for realizing noncontact online measure, a novel dimension measurement system of hot large open die forgings is presented. Laser ranging method is used for measuring axial dimension and binocular vision method is used for measuring radial dimension, so that the system characterized by large size, automated, fast response and high precision which benefits high efficiency and low material loss in open die forging process.
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Lazorkin, Viktor. "New Four-Die Forging Devices (FDFD) Design Solutions and Open-Die Forging Technologies." Advances in Materials 7, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20180701.11.

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Cheng, Yu Feng, Xiao Guang Yang, Qi Lu, Chao Voon Samuel Lim, and Ai Jun Huang. "Sensitivity Analysis of Process Parameters for Developing an Improved Open Die Forging Process." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.231.

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Open die hot forging has a wide industrial application on deforming ingot into billet with desired dimension and qualified internal microstructure. An example open die forging process of Ti-6Al-4V ingot is selected herein. A 3D FE-based numerical method was used to investigate the open die forging process with respect to the real working conditions. The simulation results were validated by the collected experimental process parameters from the forging system. Moreover, design of experiment method is adopted regarding the variation of process parameters to reveal the effects of critical factors on product deformation and quality characteristics. Results show that the process parameters including press speed, feed and reduction has significant effect on the workpiece deformation and effective strain which represents the forged billet formability and quality. Improved process parameters method is suggested with respect to the experienced benchmark based on the sensitivity analysis. Keywords: Open die forging; Ti-6Al-4V alloy; Sensitivity analysis; Process parameter; Numerical simulation;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open-Die Forging"

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Aksakal, Bünyamin. "Metal flow analysis for automation of incremental open die forging." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334413.

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Gulbahar, Sertan. "Preform Design For Forging Of Heavy Vehicle Steering Joint." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12604696/index.pdf.

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In automotive industry, forgings are widely used especially in safety related applications, typically suspension, brake and steering systems. In this study, forging process of a steering joint used in heavy vehicles has been examined. This particular part has a non-planar parting surface and requires a series of operations, which includes fullering, bending and piercing on a forging press. Forging companies generally use trial-and-error methods during the design stage. Also to ensure complete die filling at the final stage, extra material is added to the billet geometry. However, the forging industry is becoming more competitive finding a way to improve the quality of the product while reducing the production costs. For this purpose, a method is proposed for the design of the preform dies to reduce the material wastage, number of applied strokes and production costs. The designed operations were examined by using a commercially available finite volume analysis software. The necessary dies have been manufactured in METU-BILTIR CAD/CAM Center. The designed process has been verified by the experimental work in a forging company. As a result of this study, remarkable reduction in the flash, i.e. waste of material, has been achieved with a reasonable number of forging operations. In addition to forging of the steering joint, forging of a chain bracket, which has bent sections with planar parting surface, has also been observed and analyzed during the study. An intermediate bending stage has been proposed to replace the manual hammering stage and satisfactory results have been observed in simulations.
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Francisco, Ferreira Jose. "Design and analysis of a computer controlled open-die forging cell." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343765.

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Queji, Licio Marcis. "Análise da influência da geometria da matriz e do tempo de encharque no fechamento de defeitos internos de chapas do aço W.NR. 1.2714." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60653.

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No forjamento em matriz aberta o tempo gasto com retrabalhos e descarte de material não conforme gera custos e atraso no atendimento ao cliente. A fim de minimizar estas perdas, realizou-se uma revisão dos principais conceitos e fundamentos do processo de forjamento a quente em matriz aberta que influenciam na qualidade interna do produto. Com o intuito de desenvolver o processo de forjamento a quente em matriz aberta de chapas do aço W.NR. 1.2714 com espessura de 311 mm, largura de 634 mm e comprimento de 6000 mm, avaliou-se as descontinuidades internas deste produto. Através de análises preliminares realizadas, foi possível observar que a descontinuidade interna típica tratava-se de vazio. Com este resultado, desenhou-se um projeto experimental com corpos de prova quadrados com defeitos falsos de 30 mm de diâmetro e forjados para simular uma das etapas do forjamento de chapas. Foram selecionadas três combinações de matrizes e dois tempos de encharque. Todos os corpos de prova foram aquecidos no mesmo forno sob mesmas condições e forjados com duas reduções de 50 mm cada (33% - deformação relativa total), com giro de 180 graus entre elas. Após o resfriamento ao ar, as amostras sofreram alívio de tensões e foram cortadas em serra a 150 mm da extremidade do furo. As variáveis respostas do plano experimental foram a área do furo, o alargamento e o alongamento. A amostra forjada com a combinação de matriz AC, composta pela matriz funil na parte superior e mesa de forjamento na parte inferior e tempo de encharque de 7h teve o furo caldeado. Com todas as combinações de matrizes, o tempo de encharque de 7h levou a menor área do furo, maior alargamento e maior alongamento que o tempo de 11h.
In open die forging the time spent on rework, and disposal of non-compliant material, generates costs and delays in customer service. To minimize these losses, a review of key concepts and fundamentals of the process of open die forging was carried out emphasizing the internal quality of the product. In order to develop the process of open die hot forging in plate steel W.NR 1.2714 with a thickness of 311 mm, width 634 mm and a length of 6000 mm, internal discontinuities of this product were evaluated. Through preliminary analysis was possible to observe that the typical internal discontinuity were voids. With this result, experiments were designed for square specimens with false defects of 30 mm in diameter, which were forged in order to simulate one of the steps in the forging of plates. Three combinations of dies and two soak times were selected. All samples were heated in the same furnace on the same conditions and forged with two reductions of 50 mm each (33% - total relative deformation) with 180 degrees among them. After air cooling, the samples were heated up to promote a stress relief and were cut at a position 150 mm from the edge of the hole. Output variables were the area of the hole, widening and lengthening. The sample forged with the combination of die AC, with funnel die at the top and forging table at the bottom and the soaking time of 7 hours had the hole closed. For all combinations of dies, the soaking time of 7 hours led to a lower area of the hole, higher widening and lengthening than for 11hours soak time.
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Limberger, Rodrigo Prestes. "Estudo do forjamento de eixos vazados com contorno interno para utilização em aerogeradores." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139351.

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Esse trabalho propõe a investigação da geometria dos contornos internos de eixos vazados para aerogeradores quando aplicados mandris com diferentes diâmetros ao longo de seu comprimento no forjamento incremental em matriz aberta. Tem-se por finalidade a fabricação de um mandril que proporcione à peça forjada formato mais perto do formato final proposto. Foram estudados através do uso de simulações numéricas computacionais com o software Simufact.forming 12 e ensaios com o material modelo plasticina possíveis geometrias de mandris, variando a angulação na região de troca de diâmetros ao longo do comprimento entre 0˚, 30˚ e 60˚, e analisados o comportamento do escoamento do material na região. Com o processo simulatório concluído, foi produzido o mandril que apresentou melhor desempenho e foram realizados testes práticos. No total, duas peças foram forjadas e analisados seus resultados. A geometria proposta da peça foi alcançada, confirmando a escolha da cinemática do processo. A temperatura do mandril foi aferida e comparada com a temperatura durante a simulação, onde no último passe, a medida foi 720°C e a simulada em torno de 620°C. As forças de forjamento apresentaram diferença entre a simulação e forjado na média de 7,6%.
This work proposes the investigation of the internal contour of hollow shafts for wind turbines when applied mandrels with different diameters along its length in incremental open-die forging. It is intended to manufacture a mandrel to provide a forged part closer to the final proposed geometry. Studies were conducted using the numerical computer simulations software Simufact.forming 12 and models of plasticine aiming possible mandrel geometries, varying the angle of the different-diameters region along the length between 0˚, 30˚ and 60˚ and analyzed the behavior of the material flow in the region. As the simulation process was concluded, the mandrel with the best performance was produced and practical tests were performed. In total, two workpieces were forged and analyzed its results. The proposed geometry was achieved, confirming the choice of process kinematics. The temperature of the mandrel was measured and compared with the temperature during the simulation at the last pass, the measurement resulted in 720°C and the simulated around 620°C. The forging forces showed differences between simulation and forging of an average of 7.6%.
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Colombo, Tiago Cristofer Aguzzoli. "Análise numérica do forjamento em matriz aberta para a produção de eixos vazados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76150.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como parte das atividades relacionadas ao projeto de cooperação internacional Brasil-Alemanha intitulado "Bulk metal formed parts for power plants" pertencente ao BRAGECRIM (Iniciativa Brasil-Alemanha para Pesquisa Colaborativa em Tecnologia de Manufatura), realizado em parceria entre o Laboratório de Transformação Mecânica (LdTM) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e o Instituto de Conformação Mecânica (IBF) da Universidade Técnica de Aachen (RWTH), Alemanha. Este projeto visa o desenvolvimento do processo de forjamento a quente em matriz aberta para a produção de um eixo vazado para aplicação em aerogeradores de energia, em substituição à eixos maciços usualmente obtidos por fundição, visando aumento de desempenho mecânico e redução de peso da estrutura. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar, por meio de simulação numérica computacional empregando o método de elementos finitos, diferentes parâmetros de forjamento, de modo a indicar a configuração operacional que se mostra mais adequada para a produção de um eixo vazado para a aplicação pretendida. Para isto, foram realizados cinco experimentos numéricos, avaliando a influência de parâmetros de forjamento na qualidade do produto forjado. Alguns parâmetros analisados foram: a sequência operacional de forjamento, geometrias e combinações de matrizes utilizadas industrialmente, razão de mordida, etc. Para as simulações termomecânicas foi utilizado o software de Elementos Finitos PEP/Larstran acoplado ao módulo de simulação de microestrutura Strucsim. O material utilizado nas simulações foi o aço DIN 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140). Os resultados mostraram que, dentre as diferentes combinações e geometrias de matrizes analisadas, o emprego de um par de matrizes côncavas, aplicando a sequência operacional-A analisada, tende a propiciar um produto de mais alta qualidade, promovendo maior uniformidade de deformação e microestrutura mais homogênea. Também, a razão de mordida influencia diretamente na qualidade do produto, sendo que uma razão de mordida na ordem de 0,6 induz graus de deformação maiores e mais profundos na peça forjada, ao mesmo tempo em que exige maiores cargas de conformação. Comparativos entre resultados da simulação e resultados experimentais de ensaios de compressão a quente de corpos de prova cilíndricos foram realizados para validação do software de simulação numérica. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o software de simulação numérica pode prever com boa aproximação o fluxo de material e a evolução microestrutural durante o forjamento a quente do aço DIN 42CrMo4.
This work was developed as a part of the activities related to the international cooperation project between Brazil and Germany titled "Bulk formed metal parts for power plants" belonging to BRAGECRIM (Brazil-Germany Initiative for Collaborative Research in Manufacturing Technology). This project is in partnership between the Metal Forming Laboratory (LdTM) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), from Technical University of Aachen (RWTH), Germany. The project aims the development of an open die forging process to produce a hollow shaft for application in wind turbines, replacing the solid shafts usually obtained by casting, in order to increase the mechanical performance and providing weight reduction to wind turbines. The present work aimed to analyze different forging parameters, using Finite Element Method, in order to indicate most suitable forging configuration to the production of a hollow shaft. Five numerical experiments were performed, evaluating the influence of various forging parameters on the quality of the forged product, such as the forging sequence, tool geometries and tool combinations and bite ratio. For thermomechanical simulations the Finite Element software PEP/Larstran was used, coupled to the microstructure simulation module Strucsim. The material used for the numerical simulations was the DIN 42CrMo4 steel (AISI 4140). The results showed that, among the different parameters analyzed, the use of concave dies, applying the operational sequence-A, tends to provide a forged with higher quality, promoting uniform strain distribution and homogeneous microstructure. Also, results showed that a bite ratio around 0,6 provides higher and deeper strain degrees, but requires higher forming loads. Hot compression tests using cylindrical specimens were performed to validate the numerical simulation software, including microstructure evolution. Comparison between simulation and experimental results showed that the numerical simulation software can predict with good approximation the material flow and microstructure evolution during hot forging for DIN 42CrMo4 steel.
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Correa, Fabio Junkes. "Aplicação da Teoria Elementar da Plasticidade e da simulação numérica para Forjamento em Matriz Aberta de eixo vazado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96356.

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Este trabalho tem como propósito analisar o modelo matemático baseado na Teoria Elementar da Plasticidade (TEP) para o Forjamento em Matriz Aberta (FMA) de tarugos cilíndricos com o intuito de obter um eixo vazado para a utilização em aerogeradores. Foram realizadas simulações computacionais pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos (FEM) com efeito de comparação, utilizando o software Simufact.Forming 11.0. Foi exposto a sequência de cálculos e as interações realizadas para a construção de um modelo matemático a partir da TEP. Esse modelo matemático foi aplicado para os dois primeiros recalques em um tarugo cilíndrico vazado. Ambos os recalques foram executados no processo de Forjamento em Matriz Aberta. Tanto com o procedimento matemático baseado na TEP, quanto na simulação numérica baseado no FEM, foram obtidos os valores de distribuição de deformações, de distribuição de tensões e de forças de compressão requeridos pela prensa de forjamento para ambos os recalques. Com a conclusão dos experimentos físicos foi constatado que os valores das forças obtidos pela Teoria Elementar da Plasticidade (TEP) e pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos (FEM) variaram aproximadamente entre 5 a 15% em relação aos valores experimentais, possibilitando fazer comparações com variações e alterações na metodologia do processo. Observou-se que as regiões que apresentaram maiores concentrações de deformações equivalentes e tensões na direção z pelo modelo matemático (TEP) coincidiram com as regiões de maiores concentrações encontradas no software de simulação numérica (FEM). Desta forma, estima-se para a geometria estudada que a TEP pode ser empregada como uma ferramenta de simulação eficiente no processo de Forjamento em Matriz Aberta.
This paper aims to analyze the mathematical model based on the Plasticity Elementary Theory (TEP) for the Open Die Forging of cylindrical billets in order to get a hollow shaft for using in wind generator. Computer simulations were performed by the Finite Element Method (FEM) with purpose of comparison, using the software Simufact.Forming 11.0. It was exposed the calculations sequence and performed interactions to make a mathematical model from the TEP. This mathematical model was applied for the first two upsetting in a hollow cylindrical billet. Both upsetting were executed in the process of Open Die Forging. Both the mathematical method based in the TEP as the numerical simulation based in the FEM, it were obtained the value of the strains distribution, the stresses distribution and the compressive force required by the forging press for both upsetting. With the physical experiments concluded, it was found that the forces values obtained by the TEP and by the FEM ranged approximately between 5 and 15% compared to the experimental values, allowing make comparisons with variations and changes in the process methodology. It was observed that regions where showed higher concentrations of equivalent strains and stresses in the z direction by the mathematical model (TEP) coincided with the regions of higher concentrations found numerical simulation software (FEM). It’s demonstrated for the geometry studied that the TEP can be employed as a simulation efficient tool in the process of Open Die Forging.
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Barták, Jan. "Analýza procesu kování háku čelisťového výměnového závěru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416429.

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The thesis is focused on optimalization of jaw turnout lock hook forging process which is used in rail transport and is forged from steel of 13 240 grade. Production process of the hook, that is being used in Královopolská kovárna s.r.o. company now, leads to fold defect in the inner side of curved part formation. Conditions of the folds formation were defined using the numeric simulation of this process in Simufact Forming software. After that improvements such as change of semi-finished product size, change of geometry of ancestor shape, bending tools and forging die were made according to linear study of this problematics. These volumetric and geometric changes were verified using the simulation in software and relocation defect did not appear.
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Books on the topic "Open-Die Forging"

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Pounding out the profits: A century of American invention : the development and manufacture of crank-actuated open-die power forging hammers. Jerome, Ariz: Mingus Mountain Machine Works, 1997.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Hammer and Press Open Die or Smith Non-Ferrous Forgings. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Hammer and Press Open Die or Smith Non-Ferrous Forgings. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Ferrous Open-Die and Smith Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Carbon and Alloy Steel Open-Die and Smith Forgings Excluding Stainless and High-Temperature Made from Purchased Iron and Steel. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Carbon and Alloy Steel Open-Die and Smith Forgings Excluding Stainless and High-Temperature Made from Purchased Iron and Steel. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Stainless Steel and High-Temperature Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt-Base Alloy Open-Die and Smith Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Stainless Steel and High-Temperature Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt-Base Alloy Open-Die and Smith Forgings Made from Purchased Iron and Steel. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Open-Die Forging"

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Aksakal, B., F. H. Osman, and A. N. Bramley. "Analysis of Open die Forging." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Matador Conference, 415–19. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12433-6_53.

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Shirizly, A., G. Harpaz, and A. Shmuel. "Open Die Forging of Copper Cone." In Forming the Future, 537–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_44.

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Bolz, Roger W. "4B Industry Applications: Computerized Open-die Forging." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 72–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_16.

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Chen, Wen, Xiaoxun Zhang, and Zhenshan Cui. "Numerical Simulations of Open-Die Forging Process for Manipulator Design." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 650–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88518-4_70.

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Lee, Young Seon, Y. C. Kwon, Yong Nam Kwon, Jung Hwan Lee, S. W. Lee, and N. S. Kim. "Analysis on Void Closure Behavior during Hot Open Die Forging." In Advanced Materials Research, 69–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.69.

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Jana, Swarup, Jyoti Mukhopadhyay, Rajashekar Rao, and Venkatesh Meka. "Open Die Forging Simulation of Superalloy NIMONIC 115 Using DEFORM 3D Software." In TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 829–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_74.

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Rudolph, Fridtjof, Martin Wolfgarten, Viktor Keray, and Gerhard Hirt. "Optimization of Open-Die Forging Using Fast Models for Strain, Temperature, and Grain Size in the Context of an Assistance System." In Forming the Future, 1145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_96.

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Zhou, Jie, Joshua Blackketter, and Philip Nash. "FEM Study of Centerline Defect Closure in Large Open-Die Forgings." In EPD Congress 2012, 63–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359341.ch7.

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"Open-Die-Forging." In CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, 928. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_100329.

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"Open-Die Forging." In Metalworking: Bulk Forming, 99–110. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003978.

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Conference papers on the topic "Open-Die Forging"

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Liu, Wensheng, and T. J. Nye. "Adaptive Control for Intelligent Open Die Forging." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61789.

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Open die forging is a manufacturing process with a number of advantages; in particular it is an inherently flexible manufacturing process that makes efficient use of raw material. A fundamental drawback of this process, however, is the difficulty found in creating forging programs to control part manipulation and forming steps. A-priori approaches to creating these programs, such as by using FEM simulations or using modeling materials, are slow and have a strong tendency for errors to accumulate when predicting the results of consecutive forming steps. In this paper we present a new approach in which process feedback is used between forming steps to update a part geometry model that allows the forming sequence to be adjusted adaptively. This approach has been implemented in a simulated forging cell that uses non-linear FEM analyses to predict the effects of each forming step. A fully adaptive control scheme has been implemented that efficiently forges bars of one cross sectional shape into another shape, such as square to round or hexagonal. Programming the forging system with this scheme has proved particularly simple; the shape of the raw material is measured, and a desired shape is specified. Physical experiments have confirmed the simulation results.
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Behery, Mohamed, Matteo Tschesche, Fridtjof Rudolph, Gerhard Hirt, and Gerhard Lakemeyer. "Action Discretization for Robot Arm Teleoperation in Open-Die Forging." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283043.

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Yan, Changya, Feng Gao, and Jie Chen. "Modeling and Virtual Reality Realization of Coupled Processes in Integrated Open-Die Forging Plant." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86807.

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A virtual plant, built in a computer by using computer graphic (CG) and Virtual Reality (VR), can model the precise and whole structure of an integrated manufacturing system and simulate its physical and logical behavior in operation. This paper aims to reveal the advanced modeling and VR realization methods in developing a virtual forging plant for automatic and programmed open-die forging processes. Two sub-models, component model and process model, compose the overall modeling architecture of a virtual integrated open-die forging plant. The coordinated motion simulation of the integrated system is realized through a kinematic modeling method. A compound stiffness modeling method is then developed to simulate the mechanical behavior in operation. The process simulation of the virtual plant is conducted on the basis of the above two modeling methods. A practical application example of virtual plant for integrated open-die forging process is presented towards the end.
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Boyko, C., H. Henein, and F. R. Dax. "Modeling of the Open-Die and Radial Forging Processes for Alloy 718." In Superalloys. TMS, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/1991/superalloys_1991_107_124.

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LEE, SUNG-UK, and DONG-YOL YANG. "TOOL PATH DESIGN OF INCREMENTAL OPEN-DIE DISK FORGING USING PHYSICAL MODELING." In Proceedings of the 9th AEPA2008. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814261579_0050.

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Afrasiab, Hamed, and M. R. Movahhedy. "Generalized Slab Method Analysis of Radial Forging With a General Curved Shape Die." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95801.

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Radial forging is an open die forging process used for reducing the diameters of shafts, tubes, stepped shafts and axels, and for creating internal profiles in tubes. Among parameters affecting process variables, the die geometry is of fundamental importance and greatly influences variables such as forging load, stress distribution on the dies, metal flow during deformation, and surface finish of the forged product. In this paper a generalized slab method analysis of radial forging process is presented which can handle this process with curved shape dies. Results for dies with various curves are presented and it is shown that the analysis reduces to that of Lahoti and Altan [2] when the die has a linear profile.
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Schonfeld, K. H., B. Donth, M. G. Cambi, S. V. Thamboo, and M. P. Manning. "Manufacturing and Properties of a Large Alloy 706 Disc Made by the Open Die Forging Process." In Superalloys. TMS, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2001/superalloys_2001_185_192.

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Ettouney, Osama M. "Computer-Aided Testimg for Compression of Cylinders: A Model for Control of Open-Die Upset Forging." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0032.

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Abstract A computer-aided testing system for compression of cylinders is developed. The system utilizes force and shape information taken in real-time from the workpiece to calculate process parameters and variables in compression: material properties, foldover, strain, friction, forming-limit diagrams, and fracture. In this way, the system will eliminate the need for other separate tests, such as the ring test used to determine friction. This system is comprised of three functions: a computer-controlled press, models and identification algorithms, and the finite-element analysis. The system is designed to be used as a model for control strategies of the open-die upset forging process. Here, the goal is to control the process so that the final shape is reached without fracture. If fracture is likely to occur at any moment several corrective actions can be taken to allow more deformation, such as modifying lubrication. When tested, the system proved to be accurate in conducting experiments in a well-defined repeatable conditions.
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Marashi, J., J. Foster, and R. Zante. "Defining a method of evaluating die life performance by using finite element models (FEM) and a practical open die hot forging method." In ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4963520.

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Quentin, Lorenz, Rüdiger Beermann, Kai Brunotte, Bernd-Arno Behrens, Markus Kästner, and Eduard Reithmeier. "Concept of a control system based on 3D geometry measurement for open die forging of large-scale components." In Optics and Photonics for Advanced Dimensional Metrology, edited by Peter J. de Groot, Richard K. Leach, and Pascal Picart. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2554720.

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