Journal articles: 'Open pit mine planning'

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Parra, Andrés, Nelson Morales, Javier Vallejos, and Phu Minh Vuong Nguyen. "Open pit mine planning considering geomechanical fundamentals." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 32, no. 4 (January 13, 2017): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2017.1278579.

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Gu, Xiao Wei, Peng Fei Wang, Qing Wang, You Yi Zheng, Jian Ping Liu, and Bin Chen. "A Push-Back Sequencing Model for Production Planning in Open-Pit Coal Mining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.219.

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A dynamic sequencing method has been developed to simultaneously optimize the coal production rate, waste stripping rate, mining sequence, and mine life of an open-pit coal mine. The method first establishes a geological seam model of a bedded coal deposit which estimates the relevant attributes of coal seams at the center of each block on the X-Y plane. Based on the seam model, a sequence of “geologically optimum push-backs” is generated in the final pit. The geologically optimum push-backs are then put into a dynamic sequencing model and economically evaluated. The best production schedule which has the highest NPV is obtained, which indicates the best quantities of coal and waste to be mined in each year, the best zone to be mined in each year, and the best number of years to mine the entire final pit.

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Otto, T. J., and G. C. Lindeque. "Improving productivity at an open-pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1710/2021.

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Productivity is improved by increasing the ratio of output to input. In an operating open-pit mine, improving the productivity of heavy mining equipment (HME) enables the unit cost of production to be reduced. To optimize HME productivity, the Kolomela open-pit iron ore mine transitioned to an enhanced short-term mine planning (STMP) process that supports the application of a manufacturing-type operating model. At the core of the enhanced STMP process is a focus on integration across the open-pit mining value chain. The interdependencies between mining activities are highlighted and emphasized, thus ensuring that mining activities are synchronized. The improvements related to HME productivity were monitored from 2019 to 2020. The utilization of mining area in the Leeuwfontein pit improved from 71% to 90%, and the blasting frequency reduced by 14% while the average blast size increased by 17%. The distance travelled during shovel relocations between mining phases reduced by 16%, and the lost time associated with drills relocating reduced by 53%. These productivity improvements resulted in an 11% increase in the loading rate of the main waste shovel at Kolomela from 0.9 Mt/month in 2019 to 1.0 Mt/month in 2020. The enhanced STMP process can be adapted to other open-pit mining operations.

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Alvarez, Felipe, Jorge Amaya, Andreas Griewank, and Nikolai Strogies. "A continuous framework for open pit mine planning." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 73, no. 1 (October 17, 2010): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00186-010-0332-3.

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Paricheh, Morteza, and Morteza Osanloo. "Concurrent open-pit mine production and in-pit crushing–conveying system planning." Engineering Optimization 52, no. 10 (November 6, 2019): 1780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2019.1678150.

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Rezakhah, Mojtaba, and Alexandra Newman. "Open pit mine planning with degradation due to stockpiling." Computers & Operations Research 115 (March 2020): 104589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2018.11.009.

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Strogies, Nikolai, and Andreas Griewank. "A PDE constraint formulation of Open Pit Mine Planning Problems." PAMM 13, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201310191.

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Morales, Nelson, Sebastián Seguel, Alejandro Cáceres, Enrique Jélvez, and Maximiliano Alarcón. "Incorporation of Geometallurgical Attributes and Geological Uncertainty into Long-Term Open-Pit Mine Planning." Minerals 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020108.

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Long-term open-pit mine planning is a critical stage of a mining project that seeks to establish the best strategy for extracting mineral resources, based on the assumption of several economic, geological and operational parameters. Conventionally, during this process it is common to use deterministic resource models to estimate in situ ore grades and to assume average values for geometallurgical variables. These assumptions cause risks that may negatively impact on the planned production and finally on the project value. This paper addresses the long-term planning of an open-pit mine considering (i) the incorporation of geometallurgical models given by equiprobable scenarios that allow for the assessing of the spatial variability and the uncertainty of the mineral deposit, and (ii) the use of stochastic integer programming model for risk analysis in direct block scheduling, considering the scenarios simultaneously. The methodology comprises two stages: pit optimization to generate initial ultimate pit limit per scenario and then to define a single ultimate pit based on reliability, and stochastic life-of-mine production scheduling to define block extraction sequences within the reliability ultimate pit to maximize the expected discounted value and minimize the total cost of production objective deviations. To evaluate the effect of the geometallurgical information, both stages consider different optimization strategies that depend on the economic model to be used and the type of processing constraints established in the scheduling. The results show that geometallurgical data with their associated uncertainties can change the decisions regarding pit limits and production schedule and, consequently, to impact the financial outcomes.

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Quelopana, A., and A. Navarra. "Integration of strategic open-pit mine planning into hierarchical artificial intelligence." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1367/2021.

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The mine production scheduling problem (MPSP) has been studied since the 1960s, and remains an active area of computational research. In extending the concepts of the MPSP, the automated mine may now be regarded as a hierarchical intelligent agent in which the bottom layer consists of distributed robotic equipment, while strategic functionality occupies the higher layers. Here we present a disambiguation of artificial intelligence, machine learning, computational optimization, and automation within the mining context. Specifically, the Q-learning algorithm has been adapted to generate the initial solutions for a high-performing strategic mine planning algorithm, originally developed by Lamghari, Dimitrakopoulos and Ferland, based on the variable neighbourhood descent (VND) metaheuristic. The hierarchical intelligent agent is presented as an integrative conceptual platform, defining the interaction between our new Q-learning adaptation and Lamghari's VND, and potentially other hierarchically controlled components of an artificially intelligent mine, having various degrees of automation. Sample computations involving Q-learning and VND are presented.

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Bao, Haiming, Peter Knights, Mehmet Kizil, and Micah Nehring. "Electrification Alternatives for Open Pit Mine Haulage." Mining 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining3010001.

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Truck-Shovel (TS) systems are the most common mining system currently used in large surface mines. They offer high productivity combined with the flexibility to be rapidly relocated and to adjust load/haul capacity and capital expenditure according to market conditions. As the world moves to decarbonise as part of the transition to net zero emission targets, it is relevant to examine options for decarbonising the haulage systems in large surface mines. In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) systems offer a smaller environmental footprint regarding emissions, but they are associated with a number of limitations related to high initial capital expenditure, capacity limits, mine planning and inflexibility during mine operation. Among the emerging technological options, innovative Trolley Assist (TA) technology promises to reduce energy consumption for lower carbon footprint mining systems. TA systems have demonstrated outstanding potential for emission reduction from their application cases. Battery and energy recovery technology advancements are shaping the evolution of TAs from diesel-electric truck-based patterns toward purely electrified BT ones. Battery Trolley (BT) systems combined with autonomous battery-electric trucks and Energy Recovery Systems (ERSs) are novel and capable of achieving further significant emission cuts for surface mining operations associated with safety, energy saving and operational improvements. This article reviews and compares electrification alternatives for large surface mines, including IPCC, TA and BT systems. These emerging technologies provide opportunities for mining companies and associated industries to adopt zero-emission solutions and help transition to an intelligent electric mining future.

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Tuheteru, Edy Jamal, Rudy Sayoga Gautama, Ginting Jalu Kusuma, Arno Adi Kuntoro, Kris Pranoto, and Yosef Palinggi. "Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region." Water 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213106.

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In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will be developed into a pit lake. One of the main issues in developing a pit lake is the understanding of the pit lake filling process. This paper discusses the hydrological model in filling the mineout void in a coal mine in Kalimantan which is located close to the equatorial line. The J-void is a mineout coal pit that is 3000 m long and 1000 m wide, with a maximum depth of 145 m. The development of the J-void pit lake after the last load of coal had been mined out experienced a dynamic process, such as backfilling activities with an overburden as well as pumping mine water from the surrounding pits. There are two components in the model, i.e., overland/subsurface and pit area. The overland zone is simulated using the Rainfall-Runoff NRECA Hydrological Model approach to determine the runoff and groundwater components, whereas the pit area is affected by direct rainfall and evaporation. The model is validated with the observation data. The main source of water in the J-void pit lake is rainwater, both from the surrounding catchment area as well as direct rainfall. As this coal mine area is characterized as a multi-pit area and, consequently, several pit lakes will be formed in the future, the result of the hydrological model is very useful in planning the future pit lakes.

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Patrick, Mukonki May, Muhota Kawinda Augustin, and Freddy Bokwala Bonkeka. "Strategic Mine Planning Approach Applied to Large Scale Copper open Pit Mines by Comparing The Impact of three Different Bloc Models of the Same Deposit, On the Long Term Mine Plan." International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijare.2017.3.2.01.

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The Kamoto Oliveira Virgule (KOV) open pit mine is located at 300Km from Lubumbashi, second largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in the mineral rich province of the Lualaba (EX-Katanga province).KOV pit is located 10Km south of the Kolwezi town and it is essentially constituted of sedimental rock, in a major portion of the so called “Lambeau Geologique de Kolwezi”, which is a part of the well-known copperbelt mineralization. In 2006, a joint venture of Glencore, Gecamines (the DRC State owned Company), and Simco, took over the open pit mine, which was previously owned by Gecamines, and formed the Kamoto Copper Company (KCC).KOV open pit mine is classified as a large scale open pit mine due to his dimensions (approximately 2.5km East-West and 3Km North-South).the mine has also a high strip ratio ranging from 8 to 10 in some areas. At his initial stage (Prefeasibility study), SRK released a bloc model which is still be used by the Kamoto Copper Company (KCC), but since the geology department addressed the issue about grade control model ore discrepancies, when comparing it to the SRK model, the management hired another contractor that constructed another bloc model. Internal adjustments using the grade control model data to better predict tonnes and grades have been also implemented but reported very poor results .since reserves have been officially reported to the market in 2014 to the TSX, the reserve report had to remain consistent with the 2014 report, despite that the issue has been fixed ,it still for a matter of interest to conduct a comparative analysis, to check on the impact of the other bloc model on the life of mine and the mine schedule .since we know by comparison that the other model (OBM) has a difference in its 3D distribution of ore and waste material. This paper will be focused on determining the impact on the life of mine and the mine schedule of the KOV pit with regards of those differences, between the bloc models.Index Terms: Mine planning, mine scheduling, mine optimization, life of mine, ultimate pit.

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Ismagilov, R. I., A. V. Grinik, A. I. Dogadin, V. M. Melnikov, A. G. Lebedev, A. M. Shmonov, A. V. Gerasimov, S. G. Kabelko, and T. N. Nevlyutov. "Digital open pit mine: utilization of mining and geological information system in mine planning." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 3/2022 (July 1, 2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-3-52-60.

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Creation of mine development plans for mining operations in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals industry is a timeconsuming and creative process that requires high levels of specialist expertise, especially in manual planning, where it is quite difficult to assess the impact of decisions made hic et nunc on the future development of the company. Application of mining and geological systems in planning makes it possible to simulate and assess many different options in mine development within a short period time and with sufficiently high reliability. These systems allow planning specialists to make more informed and correct decisions without the fear that these decisions may lead to deterioration of open pits or mines. The article describes the course of project implementation to transform the business processes of mine planning using mining and geological information system by Dassault Systemes at the METALLOINVEST Group of Companies as exemplified by the Mikhailovsky GOK Lebedinsky GOK mines.

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Freitas, Sandro, Benevides Aires, Giorgio de Tomi, and Richardson Agra. "Risk Management Incorporated to Life-of-Mine Planning at Sossego Copper Mine, Carajás, Brazil." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.263.

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Open pit mine design and production scheduling deals with the quest for most profitable mining sequence over the life of a mine. The dynamics of mining ore and waste, and spatial grade uncertainty make predictions of the optimal mining sequence a challenging task. Valuation and related decision-making in surface mining require the assessment and management of orebody risk in the generation of a pit design and long term production scheduling. As the most profitable mining sequence over de life of a mine determines both economic outcome of a project and the technical plan to be followed from mine development to mine closure, the adverse effects of orebody risk on performance is critical and are documented in various studies. Ignoring such a consequential source of risk and uncertainty may lead to unrealistic production plans. This paper presented a set of procedures that enable mine planning engineers to carry out a series of analysis, which can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of incremental pit shells and pit designs to grade uncertainty. The results obtained from the analysis have shown to provide valuable information, which can be used to develop mining strategies that are risk resilient in relation to grade uncertainty. A real life application at Sossego copper mine ensure that such procedures are technically implementable, supporting decision-making as (a) in-fill drilling programs; (b) review of mining sequence; (c) identification of areas of upside potential and downside risk and (d) ore blending between mining areas in order to minimize the impact of high risk areas. The goal of this work is to provide an approach for clear risk analysis and management in mine planning cycle to various aspects of pit optimisation and design, resulting in more technically and economically sustainable life-of-mine production plans and mineral reserve depletion.

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Mao, Yachun, Hui Wang, Wang Cao, Yuwen Fu, Yanhua Fu, Liming He, and Nisha Bao. "Extraction of Step-Feature Lines in Open-Pit Mines Based on UAV Point-Cloud Data." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155706.

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Step-feature lines are one of the important geometrical elements for drawing the status quo maps of open-pit mines, and the efficient and accurate automatic extraction and updating of step-feature lines is of great significance for open-pit-mine stripping planning and analysis. In this study, an automatic extraction method of step-feature lines in an open-pit mine based on unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) point-cloud data is proposed. The method is mainly used to solve the key problems, such as low accuracy, local-feature-line loss, and the discontinuity of the step-feature-line extraction method. The method first performs the regular raster resampling of the open-pit-mine cloud based on the MLS algorithm, then extracts the step-feature point set by detecting the elevation-gradient change in the resampled point cloud, further traces the step-feature control nodes by the seed-growth tracking algorithm, and finally generates smooth step-feature lines by fitting the space curve to the step-feature control nodes. The results show that the method effectively improves the accuracy of step-feature-line extraction and solves the problems of local-feature-line loss and discontinuity.

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Maleki, Mohammad, Enrique Jélvez, Xavier Emery, and Nelson Morales. "Stochastic Open-Pit Mine Production Scheduling: A Case Study of an Iron Deposit." Minerals 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070585.

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Production planning decisions in the mining industry are affected by geological, geometallurgical, economic and operational information. However, the traditional approach to address this problem often relies on simplified models that ignore the variability and uncertainty of these parameters. In this paper, two main sources of uncertainty are combined to obtain multiple simulated block models in an iron ore deposit that include the rock type and seven quantitative variables (grades of Fe, SiO2, S, P and K, magnetic ratio and specific gravity). To assess the effect of integrating these two sources of uncertainty in mine planning decision, stochastic and deterministic production scheduling models are applied based on the simulated block models. The results show the capacity of the stochastic mine planning model to identify and minimize risks, obtaining valuable information in ore content or quality at early stages of the project, and improving decision-making with respect to the deterministic production scheduling. Numerically speaking, the stochastic mine planning model improves 6% expected cumulative discounted cash flow and generates 16% more iron ore than deterministic model.

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Bao, Haiming, and Ruixin Zhang. "Study on Optimization of Coal Truck Flow in Open-Pit Mine." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848140.

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A semicontinuous process system consisting of a single-bucket excavator, truck, crushing station, and belt conveyor is the main coal mining process system of a large-scale hard coal open-pit mine. Through analyzing the coal mining production process, the key issues of coal mining truck flow optimization are obtained. Statistical method of using triangular fuzzy numbers analyzes the key time parameters of coal mining truck flow. Taking one shift, the minimum expected value of number of trucks, as the objective function, the fuzzy expectation of the coal mining semicontinuous process system is established with the constraints of the truck flow continuity at the loading and unloading point, the production capacity of the electric shovel, the production capacity of the crushing station, coal quality, and coal mining production tasks. The truck flow planning model is solved using particle swarm intelligence algorithm. The simulation results show that the result of truck flow planning can effectively reduce truck number, truck dispatching number, transportation costs, and truck queuing. The fuzzy expected truck flow planning model established by the study is suitable for solving the problem of optimizing and matching the production capacity in the process which links electric shovel, truck, and crushing station. It can effectively improve the production efficiency of electric shovel mining, truck transportation, and crushing station.

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Inthavongsa, Inthanongsone, Carsten Drebenstedt, Jan Bongaerts, and Phongpat Sontamino. "Real options decision framework: Strategic operating policies for open pit mine planning." Resources Policy 47 (March 2016): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.01.009.

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Mai, Ngoc Luan, Oktay Erten, and Erkan Topal. "A new generic open pit mine planning process with risk assessment ability." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 3, no. 4 (December 2016): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-016-0152-z.

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Voronov, A. Y., D. M. Dubinkin, and Y. Y. Voronov. "An overview of models for truck dispatching in open-pit mines." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 6/2022 (January 15, 2023): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-6-111-121.

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Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine an open-pit mining (OPM) enterprise without an automated dispatching system operating in it, which provides control over the operation of technological shovel-truck systems (STS). The objective of this article is to review and document the mine dispatching systems' (DS) models and algorithms. The purpose is to understand these algorithms and the proposed academic solutions in this area to identify any gaps in the current literature and to open up opportunities to establish research questions that need to be addressed in an integrated simulation and optimization operational planning research framework. In this article, we review industrial mine dispatching systems and the main academic models behind such systems. The dispatching systems are divided into three subsequently related problems to review: the shortest path, production optimization and real-time dispatching. Finally, the limitations of current algorithms for dispatching systems are documented in terms of mining practice feasibility and optimality of the solution on large-scale problems. The results of this literature review enable us to evaluate the logical links between major components of an integrated simulation and optimization operational planning framework with current theory of mine dispatching systems.

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Ess, Julia. "Re-Location: Urban and architectural analysis of resettlement practices in the brown coal mining area of Welzow-Süd in East Germany." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 13002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196313002.

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Since the beginning of the 20th century, more than 370 villages with a total amount of about 120,000 inhabitants have been relocated in Germany due to open-pit lignite mining. The devastation of villages and resettlement of their inhabitants had and still have massive implications on the rural landscape and settlement structure of the region. The planning of the relocations reflects, to a great extent, social, economic, and political change in post-war Germany, as well as development in town planning and architectural concepts. The paper focuses on there settlements that took place due to the surface mine of Welzow-Süd (Lusatia, southern Brandenburg), where the development of the resettlement practices of the GDR since the late 1960s and after reunification up until today can be studied in one single open-pit mine.

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Fengliang, Tian, Sun Xiaoyu, Gu Xiaowei, Xin Fengyang, and Ma Li. "Updating Road Information in Open-Pit Mines Using Truck Trajectories." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7053189.

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Accurate road information is crucial for the effective planning and management of open-pit mines. However, the parameters related to the roads in open-pit mines change constantly, and their shapes are often complicated. These factors indicate the difficulties in updating road information in open-pit mines. This study reports a method for updating the road information in open-pit mines using the trajectories of trucks. The method employs an algorithm for compressing trajectory data, an algorithm for extracting new roads, and an algorithm for old-road classification. Data from the Fushun open-pit mine is used to validate this method, and our experiments show that it can identify more than 90% of new roads and the majority of disappearing roads. In addition, we analyze several factors affecting the results obtained using this approach and provide a detailed description of the limitations of this method. Overall, our findings indicate that this is a promising approach to road-information retrieval.

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Shahbazi, M., G. Sohn, J. Théau, and P. Ménard. "UAV-BASED POINT CLOUD GENERATION FOR OPEN-PIT MINE MODELLING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W4 (August 26, 2015): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w4-313-2015.

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Along with the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), improvement of high-resolution cameras and development of vision-based mapping techniques, unmanned aerial imagery has become a matter of remarkable interest among researchers and industries. These images have the potential to provide data with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for three-dimensional (3D) modelling. In this paper, we present our theoretical and technical experiments regarding the development, implementation and evaluation of a UAV-based photogrammetric system for precise 3D modelling. This system was preliminarily evaluated for the application of gravel-pit surveying. The hardware of the system includes an electric powered helicopter, a 16-megapixels visible camera and inertial navigation system. The software of the system consists of the in-house programs built for sensor calibration, platform calibration, system integration and flight planning. It also includes the algorithms developed for structure from motion (SfM) computation including sparse matching, motion estimation, bundle adjustment and dense matching.

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Malehmir, Alireza, Ari Tryggvason, Chris Wijns, Emilia Koivisto, Teemu Lindqvist, Pietari Skyttä, and Markku Montonen. "Why 3D seismic data are an asset for exploration and mine planning? Velocity tomography of weakness zones in the Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine, northern Finland." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): B33—B46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0225.1.

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Kevitsa is a disseminated Ni-Cu-PGE (platinum group elements) ore body in northern Finland, hosted by an extremely high-velocity ([Formula: see text]) ultramafic intrusion. It is currently being mined at a depth of approximately 100 m with open-pit mining. The estimated mine life is 20 years, with the final pit reaching a depth of 500–600 m. Based on a series of 2D seismic surveys and given the expected mine life, a high-resolution 3D seismic survey was justified and conducted in the winter of 2010. We evaluate earlier 3D reflection data processing results and complement that by the results of 3D first-arrival traveltime tomography. The combined results provide insights on the nature of some of the reflectors within the intrusion. In particular, a major discontinuity, a weakness zone, is delineated in the tomography results on the northern side of the planned pit. Supported by the reflection data, we estimate the discontinuity, likely a thrust sheet, to extend down approximately 600 m and laterally 1000 m. The weakness zone terminates prominent internal reflectivity of the Kevitsa intrusion, and it is associated with the extent of the economic mineralization. Together with other weakness zones, a couple of which are also revealed by the tomography study, the discontinuity forms a major wedge block that influences the mine bench stability on the northern side of the open pit and likely will cause more issues during the extraction of the ore in this part of the mine. We argue that 3D seismic data should routinely be acquired prior to commencement of mining activities to maximize exploration efficiency at depth and also to optimize mining as it continues toward depth. Three-dimensional seismic data over mineral exploration areas are valuable and can be revisited for different purposes but are difficult to impossible to acquire after mining has commenced.

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Gholamnejad, Javad, Ali Azimi, Reza Lotfian, Sara Kasmaeeyazdi, and Francesco Tinti. "THE APPLICATION OF A STOCKPILE STOCHASTIC MODEL INTO LONG-TERM OPEN PIT MINE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING TO IMPROVE THE FEED GRADE FOR THE PROCESSING PLANT." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 4 (2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.4.10.

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This paper presents a chance-constrained integer programming approach based on the linear method to solve the longterm open pit mine production scheduling problem. Specifically, a single stockpile has been addressed for storing excess low-grade material based on the availability of processing capacity and for possible future processing. The proposed scheduling model maximizes the project NPV while respecting a series of physical and economic constraints. Differently from common practice, where deterministic models are used to calculate the average grade for material in the stockpiles, in this work a stochastic approach was performed, starting from the time of planning before the stockpile realization. By performing a probability analysis on two case studies (on iron and gold deposits), it was proven that the stockpile attributes can be treated as normally distributed random variables. Afterwards, the stochastic programming model was formulated in an open pit gold mine in order to determine the optimum amount of ore dispatched from different bench levels in the open pit and at the same time a low-grade stockpile to the mill. The chance-constrained programming was finally applied to obtain the equivalent deterministic solution of the primary model. The obtained results have shown a better feed grade for the processing plant with a higher NPV and probability of grade blending constraint satisfaction, with respect to using the traditional stockpile deterministic model.

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Rivera Letelier, Orlando, Daniel Espinoza, Marcos Goycoolea, Eduardo Moreno, and Gonzalo Muñoz. "Production Scheduling for Strategic Open Pit Mine Planning: A Mixed-Integer Programming Approach." Operations Research 68, no. 5 (September 2020): 1425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1965.

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Production scheduling is a large-scale optimization problem that must be solved on a yearly basis by every open pit mining project throughout the world. Surprisingly, however, this problem has only recently started to receive much attention from the operations research community. In this article, O. Rivera, D. Espinoza, M. Goycoolea, E. Moreno, and G. Muñoz propose an integer programming methodology for tackling this problem that combines new classes of preprocessing schemes, cutting planes, heuristics, and branching mechanisms. This methodology is shown to compute near-optimal solutions on a number of real-world planning problems whose complexity is beyond the capabilities of preexisting approaches.

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Osanloo, M., J. Gholamnejad, and B. Karimi. "Long-term open pit mine production planning: a review of models and algorithms." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930601118947.

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Moldabayev, Serik, Bolatbek Rysbaiuly, Zhanat Sultanbekova, and Nurzhigit Sarybayev. "Methodological approach to creation of the 3D model of an oval-shaped open pit mine." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301049.

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A 3D model of optimal contours phased development of oval-shaped open pit mines is proposed in the article. It is assumed that with enough accuracy the volumetric contour of the open pit mine is interpolated by an elongated elliptic hyperboloid. The calculation formulas for mineral resources are derived and optimal volumes of overburden are determined depending on the mining phase. In this case, the total number of mining phases is set in advance. The stripping ratio is used as a quality criterion of the optimization task. The problem of optimal control is solved using the Bellman function in dynamic programming. All the necessary calculation formulas are obtained in the final form by solving the optimization problem. Their simplicity and substantiation of each conclusion ensure that the results of this study can be successfully applied in practical calculations of the design and planning of mining operations in open pit mining.

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Kou, Xiangyu, Xuebin Xie, Yi Zou, Qian Kang, and Qi Liu. "Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Model of a Truck Dispatching System in Open-Pit Mine." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 9062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159062.

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In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation factor model of a truck dispatching system in open-pit mines is constructed from the three dimensions of optimal route, traffic flow planning, and real-time dispatching, and the final combined weight of the factor is determined according to game theory. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation model of a truck dispatching system in open-pit mines based on gray relational analysis—technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS) is established. Taking the truck dispatching system in five open-pit mines as the research background, the advantages and disadvantages of the dispatching system were comprehensively evaluated, and the differences between the dispatching systems were analyzed using the radar chart method. The research shows that the evaluation results of the comprehensive evaluation model of the truck dispatching system in open-pit mines based on GRA-TOPSIS are in line with the reality, which is more conducive to analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the systems, effectively identifying the differences of various systems, and making the evaluation of truck dispatching systems more scientific. The research results of this paper broaden the evaluation of truck dispatching systems and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of truck dispatching systems.

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Malehmir, Alireza, Christopher Juhlin, Chris Wijns, Milovan Urosevic, Petri Valasti, and Emilia Koivisto. "3D reflection seismic imaging for open-pit mine planning and deep exploration in the Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, northern Finland." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): WC95—WC108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0468.1.

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A 3D reflection seismic survey was conducted over an area of about [Formula: see text] at the Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE (platinum group elements) orebody, northern Finland, where open-pit mining started in mid-2012. The principal objective of the survey was to image major fault and fracture zones at depth that may have an impact on the mine stability and safety. Mine planning would then take into account the geometry of these zones at Kevitsa. Processing results, using conventional prestack DMO and poststack migration methods, show gently dipping and steeply dipping reflections from depths of approximately 2 km to as shallow as 150–200 m. Many of the reflections are interpreted to originate from either fault systems or internal magmatic layering within the Kevitsa main intrusion. Further correlation between the surface seismic data and VSP data suggests that numerous faults are present in the imaged volume based upon time shifts or phase changes along horizontal to gently dipping reflections. Some of these faults cross the planned open-pit mine at depths of about 300–500 m, and are therefore critical for geotechnical planning. In terms of in-pit and near-mine exploration, the magmatic layering internal to the intrusion controls the distribution of the bulk of economic mineralization. The ability to image this magmatic layering could therefore guide future drilling, particularly by constraining the presumed lateral extents of the resource area. Exploration also will target discrete reflectors that potentially represent higher-grade sulfide mineralization.

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Khan, Asif, and Christian Niemann-Delius. "Production Scheduling of Open Pit Mines Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Advances in Operations Research 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/208502.

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Determining an optimum long term production schedule is an important part of the planning process of any open pit mine; however, the associated optimization problem is demanding and hard to deal with, as it involves large datasets and multiple hard and soft constraints which makes it a large combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper a procedure has been proposed to apply a relatively new and computationally less expensive metaheuristic technique known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to this computationally challenging problem of the open pit mines. The performance of different variants of the PSO algorithm has been studied and the results are presented.

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Yan, Xiao Ming, Zi Long Zhou, and Xi Bing Li. "Three-Dimensional Visual Modeling Technology and Application of Open Pit Mining Boundary." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.790.

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With mining depth and state-wide expansion in open pit mining, it is necessary to bulid a three-dimensional visual model of open pit mining boundary, which can be used in the analysis of pit slope stability, engineering decisions, geological analysis and production planning. In this paper, a three-dimensionla visual model reflecting the complex formation load and terrain conditions was built by collecting original open pit design and geological data. With this model, stability analysis of open pit can be obtained and theoretical basis for selection of design can be provided. In the specific prcess of modelling, the original information in the existing CAD mining topographic maps were be used fully and the mine topographic maps was imported into Surpac mining software. Surface digital terrain model can be obtained elevation assignmented by corrction processing of CAD linears and vector processing of measring point data. On this basis, by using MIDAS software and considering the requirements of the scope of computational space, a three-dimensional model can be obtained through Boolean cut operations. With this model, the real surface shape of open pit mining boundary can be reflected.

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Agra, Richardson, Afonso Petta, Jonas Paulino, and Giorgio de Tomi. "Management Model PDCA 90-10 Applied to Open Pit Mine Operations: Practical Example - Phosphate Mine at Araxá, MG - Brazil." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.448.

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The recent researches main focus in planning and operational mine management is the automation and technology implementation to support the decisions-making. In this context, practical experiences shows that big mining companies invests substantial quantities of resources on the purchase and implementation of software packs to manage their mine operations. These actions itself, generally doesn ́t ensure the expected results. This paper presents a study related to mining operations management with a successful application example at a phosphate mine located at Araxá, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To this, it was applied a so-called Model PDCA 90-10 of planning and operational mine management. This proposal complements the state-of-the-art in technology and TI for the integration between planning and mine operation. In the end, are presented conclusions and discussions related to the implementation viability of this management model in mining chain of processes.

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Wang, Lili, Liao Yang, Weisheng Wang, Baili Chen, and Xiaolin Sun. "Monitoring Mining Activities Using Sentinel-1A InSAR Coherence in Open-Pit Coal Mines." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214485.

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Long-term continuous monitoring of the mining activities in open-pit coal mines is conducive to planning and management of the mining operations. Additionally, this faciliatates assessment on their environmental impact and supervises illegal mining behaviors. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology can be effectively applied in the monitoring of open-pit mines where vegetation is sparse and land cover is dominated by bare rock. The main objective of this study is to monitor the mining activities of four open-pit coal mines in the Wucaiwan mining area in China from 2018 to 2020, namely No. 1, No. 2 (containing two mining areas), and No. 3. We use the normalized differential activity index (NDAI) based on the coherence coefficient as an indicator of the mine activity due to its robustness to temporal and spatial decorrelation. After analyzing and removing the decorrelation caused by rain and snow weather, 70 NDAI images in 12-day intervals are obtained from Sentinel-1A InSAR coherence images. Then, the annually-averaged NDAI images are applied to an RGB composite technique (red for 2018, green for 2019, blue for 2020) to express the interannual variation of the mining activities. Points of interest are then selected for NDAI time series analysis. The RGB composite results indicated that No. 1 and 3 open-pit coal mines were continuously mined during the three years; whereas, the two mining areas of No. 2 were mainly active in 2018. The 12-day NDAI time-series graphs of No. 2 open-pit coal mine also indicate that the coal piles located in the coal transferring area of the first mining area were not completely removed until April 2019. It is also seen that the second mining area was decommissioned in November 2018 and became rehabilitated in July 2019. Results were validated using the Sentinel-2A images and related background information confirming the efficiency of the proposed approach for monitoring the mining activity in open-pit mines.

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Malehmir, Alireza, Suvi Heinonen, Mahdieh Dehghannejad, Pasi Heino, Georgiana Maries, Fredrik Karell, Mikko Suikkanen, and Aleksi Salo. "Landstreamer seismics and physical property measurements in the Siilinjärvi open-pit apatite (phosphate) mine, central Finland." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): B29—B48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0443.1.

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We tested the applicability of a newly developed broadband (0–800 Hz) digital-based seismic landstreamer for open-pit mine planning in the apatite-bearing Siilinjärvi mine in central Finland. Four seismic profiles, in total approximately 2.5 km long (2–4 m source and landstreamer receiver spacing), two inside the pit and two on its margins, were acquired in combination with wireless recorders connected to 10 Hz geophones and fixed at every 10 m spacing along the seismic profiles while the streamer data were being acquired. Downhole logging and laboratory physical property measurements on core and rock samples were carried out to not only support the seismic interpretations but also to provide information about the possible geophysical signature of these unique types of deposits. In spite of a highly noisy mining environment, seismic data of high quality were acquired; however, reflection processing and interpretations were challenged by the geologic complexities of several generations of basic and carbonatite dikes. To complement the reflection data imaging and to account for the steep elevation changes and crookedness of some of the seismic profiles, 3D first-arrival traveltime tomography and 3D swath reflection imaging were also carried out. Clear refracted arrivals from the open-pit profiles suggest the possibility of low-velocity zones associated with either blasting or several shear zones intersecting the seismic profiles. In terms of reflectivity, reflections have a different appearance from short and flat to longer and steep ones. The downhole- and borehole logging data suggest that some of these reflections are associated with diabase dikes and some are likely from zones of weaknesses in the alkaline-carbonatite complex. We determine the potential of using seismic streamers for cost- and time-effective open-pit mine planning and encourage further testing in simpler geologic settings to be established.

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Kuznetsov, Dmitrii, and Aleksandr Kosolapov. "Economic and technological aspects of interrelation between open pit mine depth and mining transport parameters." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-3-87-95.

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Introduction. This paper presents the results of research on ore pit depth justification in relation to mining transport parameters. Research theory. Features of the current state and further development of deep pits are considered. There is also the classification of fields by relative excavation difficulty depending on physico-technical features of rock, conditions of their occurrence and climate severity. Besides, extractable ore reserves are classified depending on its value. The indicators for joint justification of excavation difficulty, ore pit depth, mining transport complexes parameters have been offered as well as their established optimal regions. Results and conclusions. The dependences have been obtained allowing to efficiently determine excavator bucket capacity and dumptruck load-lifting capacity and validate pit depth taking into account ore value. It has been determined that when mining a deposit of corresponding excavation difficulty with an opencast method, cost behavior changes with depth due to the increase in power, productivity, and power-weight ratio of drilling rigs, excavators, dump trucks, and bulldozers; cost behavior is of an increasing nonlinear character. Rational uses of mining transport complexes based on electric and hydraulic excavators have been singled out. The reasons of their probable change have been estimated. Research results have been approved when planning the largest gold ore pit in Russia, Vostochny pit of Olimpiadinsky gold ore field.

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Guo, Junting, Quansheng Li, Huizhen Xie, Jun Li, Linwei Qiao, Chengye Zhang, Guozhu Yang, and Fei Wang. "Monitoring of Vegetation Disturbance and Restoration at the Dumping Sites of the Baorixile Open-Pit Mine Based on the LandTrendr Algorithm." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159066.

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Overstocked dumping sites associated with open-pit coal mining occupy original vegetation areas and cause damage to the environment. The monitoring of vegetation disturbance and restoration at dumping sites is important for the accurate planning of ecological restoration in mining areas. This paper aimed to monitor and assess vegetation disturbance and restoration in the dumping sites of the Baorixile open-pit mine using the LandTrendr algorithm and remote sensing images. Firstly, based on the temporal datasets of Landsat from 1990 to 2021, the boundaries of the dumping sites in the Baorixile open-pit mine in Hulunbuir city were extracted. Secondly, the LandTrendr algorithm was used to identify the initial time and duration of vegetation disturbance and restoration, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used as the input parameter for the LandTrendr algorithm. Thirdly, the vegetation restoration effect at the dumping sites was monitored and analyzed from both temporal and spatial perspectives. The results showed that the dumping sites of the Baorixile open-pit mine were disturbed sharply by the mining activities. The North dumping site, the South dumping site, and the East dumping site (hereinafter referred to as the North site, the South site, and the East site) were established in 1999, 2006, and 2010, respectively. The restored areas were mainly concentrated in the South site, the East site, and the northwest of the North site. The average restoration intensity in the North site, South site, and East site was 0.515, 0.489, and 0.451, respectively, and the average disturbance intensity was 0.371, 0.398, and 0.320, respectively. The average restoration intensity in the three dumping sites was greater than the average disturbance intensity. This study demonstrates that the combination of temporal remote sensing images and the LandTrendr algorithm can follow the vegetation restoration process of an open-pit mine clearly and can be used to monitor the progress and quality of ecological restoration projects such as vegetation restoration in mining areas. It provides important data and support for accurate ecological restoration in mining areas.

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Islam, Kamrul, and Shinsuke Murakami. "Accounting for Water Footprint of an Open-Pit Copper Mine." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 9660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229660.

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Water is a crucial input for any production system, and mining is no exception. A huge amount of water is being used in the various phases of mining activities. In the coming decades, the competition in using a sufficient amount of fresh water will become a major hurdle for the mining industry. Water footprint (WF), an accounting framework for tracking the amount of water used to produce a unit of product, can be useful to the mining companies by quantifying their water resource appropriation and identifying ways to reduce the consumption. In this study, we accounted for the green, blue, and grey water footprint of an open-pit copper mine that is located in Laos. The input–output water flows of the mine are also developed from the inventory of water use. Moreover, we have calculated the uncertainty in the water footprint accounting to check the robustness of the findings. According to the results, the green, blue, and grey WF of the studied mine are 52.04, 988.83, and 69.78 m3/tonne of copper concentrate, respectively. After the installation of a passive effluent treatment system in 2013, the calculated grey WF of the mine was 13.64 m3/tonne, a fivefold decrease than before. The uncertainty in the footprint ranges between 8% to 11% which shows the robustness of the analysis. Although green WF is ignored by most studies, we suggest incorporating it into the accounting. The responsible share of a supply-chain WF to the total blue WF is about 98%, which is quite huge. Water embedded in the hydroelectricity is mainly responsible for such a huge amount of blue WF. Evidently, the use of electricity from hydropower results in the consumption of a large amount of water in exchange for a reduction in carbon emissions. Thus, the article attempts to demonstrate the escalating importance of WF accounting of this mine.

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Javadnejad, Farshid, Mohammad Reza Sharifi, Mohammad Hossein Basiri, and Bakhtiar Ostadi. "Optimization Model for Maintenance Planning of Loading Equipment in Open Pit Mines." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 5 (October 26, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.5.2907.

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Maintenance plays a significant role in operating costs in the mining industry. Improving this matter controls maintenance costs and enhances productivity and production effectively. Shovels are one of the most widely used loading machines in non-continuous activities. Thus, evaluating and optimizing their availability is one of the essential solutions to achieving high productivity and cost reduction. This paper presents a mathematical programming model to maximize availability and minimize the total expected costs. We programmed the proposed nonlinear planning model using the Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) meta-heuristic algorithm in Matlab software. It determines the optimal maintenance intervals for different parts of the shovel. The maintenance benefit analysis approach selects various maintenance activities in optimal maintenance intervals. The model is implemented in a practical case study, Chadormalu Iron Mine, to evaluate its performance. The failure distribution matches the Weibull distribution function. The computational results show the efficiency of the presented approach.

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Shi, Shuaihang, Zizheng Guo, Peng Ding, Yabin Tao, Hui Mao, and Zhichao Jiao. "Failure Mechanism and Stability Control Technology of Slope during Open-Pit Combing Underground Extraction: A Case Study from Shanxi Province of China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148939.

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With the development of society, the demand for mineral resources is gradually increasing, and the current situation of decreasing total resources dictates the inevitable interaction between open-pit combing underground extraction (OPUG) in time and space. In this research, we took the Anjialing coal mine in Shanxi Province of China as a case study, and tested the physical and mechanical properties of coal rocks in the laboratory. The similarity criterion was used to build a similar experimental model for the deformation evolution of the slope of the open-pit mine section; the digital scattering method was used to test the influence of the underground mining process parameters on the deformation evolution of the open-pit slope. The results showed that there was an obvious distribution of “three zones” above the mining goaf, namely, a collapse zone, fracture zone, and slow subsidence zone. When the mining face was continuously advanced towards the bottom of the open pit, the supporting stress of the mining face transferred to the side of the open-pit slope. Additionally, large displacement and stress concentration were observed on the slope near the stoping line, which caused the slope body to move along the uppermost part of the slope first, and thereafter along the lower part. Various techniques for slope stability control are discussed, including the optimization of spatial and temporal relationships between open-pit and underground mining, the optimization of mining plans, and the use of monitoring and early warning systems. The results can provide a guide for slope stability control of similar open-pit mines in the process of mining coal resources.

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Chowdu, Akshay, Peter Nesbitt, Andrea Brickey, and Alexandra M. Newman. "Operations Research in Underground Mine Planning: A Review." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 52, no. 2 (March 2022): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2021.1087.

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At the time of this writing, the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that the average American-born human will need millions of pounds of fuels, minerals, and other extracted resources in his or her lifetime. Mining is a critical global industry, spanning all but one continent (Antarctica), with the highest-producing countries being China, the United States, Russia, Australia, and India. Increasingly, this demand is driving mining companies to explore and pursue deeper mineral deposits as near-surface deposits deplete. Correspondingly, there has been a significant rise in industry interest in applying operations research techniques to improve underground mine planning. Newman et al. [Newman AM, Rubio E, Caro R, Weintraub A, Eurek K (2010) A review of operations research in mine planning. Interfaces 40(3):222–245] present a review of such techniques, applied to both open pit and underground mining operations. We focus here on the advancements since that publication and concentrate on underground applications in metalliferous deposits, such as copper, iron, and gold.

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Aguayo, Ignacio Andrés Osses, Micah Nehring, and G. M. Wali Ullah. "Optimising Productivity and Safety of the Open Pit Loading and Haulage System with a Surge Loader." Mining 1, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining1020011.

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The open pit mining load and haul system has been a mainstay of the mining industry for many years. While machines have increased in size and scale and automation has become an important development, there have been few innovations to the actual load and haul process itself in recent times. This research highlights some of the potential productivity and safety benefits that the incorporation of a surge loader may bring to the load and haul system through an analysis of the system, discussion of component characteristics, and mine planning aspects. The incorporation of the surge loader into open pit loading and haulage operations also enables improved safety. This is a result of a reduction in shovel–truck interactions and the reduced likelihood of truck overfilling and uneven loading. This paper details the number of mine worker deaths that a surge loader may have prevented within the Peruvian and Chilean mining industries.

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Park, Jonghoon, Eunhye Kwon, Euijin Chung, Ha Kim, Batbold Battogtokh, and Nam C. Woo. "Environmental Sustainability of Open-Pit Coal Mining Practices at Baganuur, Mongolia." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010248.

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In this paper, we studied one of the largest coal mines in Mongolia, the Baganuur Coal Mine, in terms of environmental sustainability related to mining practices, with a focus on discharged water and waste sediments. The present quality and potential for future pollution were assessed. Based on World Health Organization and Mongolian guidelines, groundwater pumped from the mining operations could be used for drinking and domestic purposes. In addition, based on the Na absorption ratio, groundwater samples from GW-2 and GW-3 could be used as agriculture water supplies with salinity reduction, or used to grow halophytes as a measure for desertification control and pasture production. All waste soil samples appeared to have a desertification potential. Dust particles smaller than 150 μm comprised more than 80% of soil samples, which had arsenic levels higher than the Mongolian soil pollution standards. In addition, soil collected between coal seams (S-5) showed high sulphur content based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy analyses, strong potential for producing acid mine drainage in the analysis of pH of net acid generation and net acid production potential, and potential for leaching of metals, such as Co. Therefore, the Baganuur Coal Mine requires soil pollution control measures to mitigate the risks of dust and desertification. In this perspective, mine groundwater could be used to reduce environmental stresses by supporting pasture crops such as halophytes on waste disposal sites, thereby preventing dust issues and desertification. Continuous efforts, including monitoring and enacting environmental management measures, are needed from both the mining company and the government to ensure sustainable mine development.

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Zhang, Yuhao, Ziyu Zhao, Lin Bi, Liming Wang, and Qing Gu. "Determination of Truck–Shovel Configuration of Open-Pit Mine: A Simulation Method Based on Mathematical Model." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912338.

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The truck–shovel system is the most common material transportation system in open-pit mines. The configuration of trucks and shovels directly affects the efficiency and cost of transportation in open-pit mines. Under the condition that the types and quantities of trucks and shovels are known, in order to obtain the optimal configuration scheme in the open-pit mine transportation system this paper presents a method to determine the optimal scheme by conducting experiments based on the simulation truck–shovel system model in Flexsim software. We test candidate configuration schemes that are solved by the mathematical model with daily minimum production and expected profit constraints in the simulation model, and finally obtain the optimal truck–shovel configuration scheme that meets the ore output requirements of each loading point. Through simulation experiments, the daily production of the optimal truck–shovel configuration scheme is 3.75% higher than that of the original mine scheme and the profit is increased by 3.85%. The results show that the open-pit truck–shovel system constructed by Flexsim has great research potential and value for the optimization of truck–shovel configuration schemes.

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Singhal, Raj K. "Open pit mine planning and design; The chemistry and technology of coal; Canadian & American mines handbook." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 28, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2014.943535.

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Adrien Rimélé, M., Roussos Dimitrakopoulos, and Michel Gamache. "A stochastic optimization method with in-pit waste and tailings disposal for open pit life-of-mine production planning." Resources Policy 57 (August 2018): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.02.006.

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Blom, Michelle, Adrian R. Pearce, and Peter J. Stuckey. "Short-term planning for open pit mines: a review." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 33, no. 5 (March 26, 2018): 318–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2018.1448248.

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Sevim, Hasan, and Da D. Lei. "The Problem Of Production Planning In Open Pit Mines." INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research 36, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03155986.1998.11732339.

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Dehghani, H., and M. Ataee-Pour. "The Role of Economic Uncertainty on the Block Economic Value – a New Valuation Approach / Rola Czynnika Niepewności Przy Obliczaniu Wskaźnika Rentowności – Nowe Podejście." Archives of Mining Sciences 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 991–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10267-012-0066-6.

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Abstract The block economic value (BEV) is one of the most important parameters in mine evaluation. This parameter can affect significant factors such as mining sequence, final pit limit and net present value. Nowadays, the aim of open pit mine planning is to define optimum pit limits and an optimum life of mine production scheduling that maximizes the pit value under some technical and operational constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the block economic value at the first stage of the mine planning process, correctly. Unrealistic block economic value estimation may cause the mining project managers to make the wrong decision and thus may impose inexpiable losses to the project. The effective parameters such as metal price, operating cost, grade and so forth are always assumed certain in the conventional methods of BEV calculation. While, obviously, these parameters have uncertain nature. Therefore, usually, the conventional methods results are far from reality. In order to solve this problem, a new technique is used base on an invented binomial tree which is developed in this research. This method can calculate the BEV and project NPV under economic uncertainty. In this paper, the BEV and project NPV were initially determined using Whittle formula based on certain economic parameters and a multivariate binomial tree based on the economic uncertainties such as the metal price and cost uncertainties. Finally the results were compared. It is concluded that applying the metal price and cost uncertainties causes the calculated block economic value and net present value to be more realistic than certain conditions.

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Joshi, Devendra, Premkumar Chithaluru, Aman Singh, Arvind Yadav, Dalia H. Elkamchouchi, Jose Breñosa, and Divya Anand. "An Optimized Open Pit Mine Application for Limestone Quarry Production Scheduling to Maximize Net Present Value." Mathematics 10, no. 21 (November 6, 2022): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10214140.

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This study involves a working limestone mine that supplies limestone to the cement factory. The two main goals of this paper are to (a) determine how long an operating mine can continue to provide the cement plant with the quality and quantity of materials it needs, and (b) explore the viability of combining some limestone from a nearby mine with the study mine limestone to meet the cement plant’s quality and quantity goals. These objectives are accomplished by figuring out the maximum net profit for the ultimate pit limit and production sequencing of the mining blocks. The issues were resolved using a branch-and-cut based sequential integer and mixed integer programming problem. The study mine can exclusively feed the cement plant for up to 15 years, according to the data. However, it was also noted that the addition of the limestone from the neighboring mine substantially increased the mine’s life (85 years). The findings also showed that, when compared with the production planning formulation that the company is now using, the proposed approach creates 10% more profit. The suggested method also aids in determining the desired desirable quality of the limestone that will be transported from the nearby mine throughout each production stage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Open pit mine planning'

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