Relevant bibliographies by topics / Open water swimming

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Open water swimming'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Open water swimming"

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Gerrard, David F. "OPEN WATER SWIMMING." Clinics in Sports Medicine 18, no. 2 (April 1999): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70149-6.

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Chamberlain, Matthew, Ashley N. Marshall, and Steven Keeler. "Open Water Swimming." Current Sports Medicine Reports 18, no. 4 (April 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000582.

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Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros, Stefania Di Gangi, Caio Victor de Sousa, Fabio Valeri, Thomas Rosemann, and Beat Knechtle. "Sex difference in open-water swimming—The Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming 1875-2017." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 29, 2018): e0202003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202003.

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Shaw, Gregory, Anu Koivisto, David Gerrard, and Louise M. Burke. "Nutrition Considerations for Open-Water Swimming." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0018.

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Open-water swimming (OWS) is a rapidly developing discipline. Events of 5–25 km are featured at FINA World Championships, and the international circuit includes races of 5–88 km. The Olympic OWS event, introduced in 2008, is contested over 10 km. Differing venues present changing environmental conditions, including water and ambient temperatures, humidity, solar radiation, and unpredictable tides. Furthermore, the duration of most OWS events (1–6 hr) creates unique physiological challenges to thermoregulation, hydration status, and muscle fuel stores. Current nutrition recommendations for open-water training and competition are either an extension of recommendations from pool swimming or are extrapolated from other athletic populations with similar physiological requirements. Competition nutrition should focus on optimizing prerace hydration and glycogen stores. Although swimmers should rely on self-supplied fuel and fluid sources for shorter events, for races of 10 km or greater, fluid and fuel replacement can occur from feeding pontoons when tactically appropriate. Over the longer races, feeding pontoons should be used to achieve desirable targets of up to 90 g/hr of carbohydrates from multitransportable sources. Exposure to variable water and ambient temperatures will play a significant role in determining race nutrition strategies. For example, in extreme environments, thermoregulation may be assisted by manipulating the temperature of the ingested fluids. Swimmers are encouraged to work with nutrition experts to develop effective and efficient strategies that enhance performance through appropriate in-competition nutrition.
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Cisar, C. J., C. M. Phillips, and W. P. Russum. "PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF OPEN-WATER SWIMMING PERFORMANCE." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Supplement (April 1989): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198904001-00619.

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Hart, Lawrence E., and Gordon G. Giesbrecht. "Hypothermia and Afterdrop after Open Water Swimming." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 2001): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200107000-00019.

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Tipton, Michael J. "Sudden cardiac death during open water swimming." British Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 15 (February 1, 2013): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-092021.

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Macaluso, Filippo, Rosario Barone, Ashwin W. Isaacs, Felicia Farina, Giuseppe Morici, and Valentina Di Felice. "Maximum Water Temperature Limit in Open-Water Swimming Events." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 25, no. 2 (June 2014): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2013.12.002.

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Knechtle, Beat, Athanasios A. Dalamitros, Tiago M. Barbosa, Caio Victor Sousa, Thomas Rosemann, and Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis. "Sex Differences in Swimming Disciplines—Can Women Outperform Men in Swimming?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103651.

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In recent years, the interest of female dominance in long-distance swimming has grown where several newspaper articles have been published speculating about female performance and dominance—especially in open-water ultra-distance swimming. The aim of this narrative review is to review the scientific literature regarding the difference between the sexes for all swimming strokes (i.e., butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle and individual medley), different distances (i.e., from sprint to ultra-distances), extreme conditions (i.e., cold water), different ages and swimming integrated in multi-sports disciplines, such as triathlon, in various age groups and over calendar years. The influence of various physiological, psychological, anthropometrical and biomechanical aspects to potentially explain the female dominance was also discussed. The data bases Scopus and PUBMED were searched by April 2020 for the terms ’sex–difference–swimming’. Long-distance open-water swimmers and pool swimmers of different ages and performance levels were mainly investigated. In open-water long-distance swimming events of the ’Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming’ with the ’Catalina Channel Swim’, the ’English Channel Swim’ and the ’Manhattan Island Marathon Swim’, women were about 0.06 km/h faster than men. In master swimmers (i.e., age groups 25–29 to 90–94 years) competing in the FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation) World Championships in pool swimming in freestyle, backstroke, butterfly, breaststroke, individual medley and in 3000-m open-water swimming, women master swimmers appeared able to achieve similar performances as men in the oldest age groups (i.e., older than 75–80 years). In boys and girls aged 5–18 years—and listed in the all-time top 100 U.S. freestyle swimming performances from 50 m to 1500 m—the five fastest girls were faster than the five fastest boys until the age of ~10 years. After the age of 10 years, and until the age of 17 years, however, boys were increasingly faster than girls. Therefore, women tended to decrease the existing sex differences in specific age groups (i.e., younger than 10 years and older than 75–80 years) and swimming strokes in pool-swimming or even to overperform men in long-distance open-water swimming (distance of ~30 km), especially under extreme weather conditions (water colder than ~20 °C). Two main variables may explain why women can swim faster than men in open-water swimming events: (i) the long distance of around 30 km, (ii) and water colder than ~20 °C. Future studies may investigate more detailed (e.g., anthropometry) the very young (<10 years) and very old (>75–80 years) age groups in swimming
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Woellik, Helmut. "RFID Timing Antenna for Open Water Swimming Competitions." Proceedings 2, no. 6 (March 15, 2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2060300.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open water swimming"

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Barbosa, Fabricio Madureira. "O nado de atletas de águas abertas: características do desempenho e da organização temporal das braçadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-07062016-135750/.

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A natação de águas abertas tem registrado aumento no número de competições e participantes em todo mundo. Acompanhando esta tendência têm sido desenvolvidos estudos para identificar as características físicas e as respostas fisiológicas dos atletas neste tipo de prova. Entretanto, são escassos estudos ao nível de análise comportamental, principalmente, em condições reais de distância e meio ambiente (mar). Foi objetivo deste estudo investigar as características de desempenho e da organização temporal das braçadas de nadadores de águas abertas. Mais especificamente, conhecer quais recursos os atletas de águas abertas lançam mão para atingir sua meta de vencer um percurso no mar no menor tempo possível. A amostra foi constituída por 23 atletas, com média de idade de 26,4(±3,2) anos. A tarefa foi nadar um trajeto de 1500 metros em forma de um circuito em mar aberto. Para a captação das variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho utilizou-se um GPS (Garmin modelo Fênix 3) e um cronômetro (FINIS modelo Accusplit Eagle AX602). O registro das imagens para captação dos dados relacionados à descrição da organização temporal das braçadas ocorreu em três pontos do trajeto: início (I) - 20 a 40 metros, meio (M) - 800 a 820 metros e final (F) - 1450 a 1470 metros. Foi utilizada uma filmadora (Nikon Coolpix S5300) afixada à embarcação. O software Kinovea 8.20 permitiu a análise quadro a quadro das braçadas. Foram consideradas variáveis dependentes relacionadas ao desempenho (tempo, velocidade e distância total percorrida, bem como, a frequência de braçadas em cada um dos três pontos do trajeto); aos aspectos variantes das braçadas (tempo total do ciclo, das braçadas, das fases aérea e aquática) e aos aspectos invariantes das braçadas (timing relativo das fases aérea e aquática e sua variabilidade). A análise de variância de medidas repetidas foi usada para comparar os três momentos da tarefa (I, M e F) para todas as variáveis, e a correlação de Pearson para analisar a magnitude das relações entre as variáveis de desempenho, enquanto o teste t de Student para medidas pareadas foi utilizado para comparar as possíveis diferenças entre os braços direito e esquerdo para cada um dos momentos e determinou-se como significância estatística α≤=0,05. Em relação ao desempenho, os resultados indicaram que os nadadores fizeram uso de frequência de braçada (Fb) diferente para os três momentos, sendo maior no I quando comparada ao M e F, e no M, menor que em F; estas mudanças foram acompanhadas por ajustes nos aspectos variantes como o tempo total do ciclo, das braçadas e das fases aérea e aquática. Ainda, nos três momentos os nadadores apresentaram simetria temporal entre as braçadas dos dois braços, apesar de as diferenças serem evidenciadas entre as fases das braçadas quando comparados os braços. Com relação aos aspectos invariantes detectou-se mudança do padrão de I para M e F da tarefa, sendo que em M e F os atletas utilizaram a mesma estrutura temporal. Quanto à variabilidade dos aspectos variantes e invariantes para as braçadas e as fases das braçadas, observou-se diminuição da magnitude ao longo da tarefa sendo que o braço esquerdo apresentou nos três momentos maior variabilidade que o direito. Assim, diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que os recursos utilizados por nadadores habilidosos para nadar em ambiente pouco estável, em condições reais de distância e meio ambiente (mar) compreendem a alteração do desempenho (Fb) associado a ajustes nos aspectos variantes, concomitantemente à alteração dos aspectos invariantes das braçadas, em função do momento da tarefa
Open water swimming has had an increasing number of competitions and participants worldwide. Following this trend, research efforts have been made to identify the physical and physiological responses of athletes in this type of race. However, only a few studies have focused on the behavioral analysis, particularly those based on real distance and environment (sea) situations. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of performance and temporal organization of the stroke of open water swimmers. More specifically, to find out which resources open water athletes can draw on to achieve their goal of swimming their way through a sea race as fast as possible. The sample consisted of 23 athletes, with a mean age of 26.4 (± 3.2) years. Their task was to swim a 1.5-kilometer open water circuit. A GPS (Garmin Fenix 3) and a stopwatch (Accusplit AX602) were used to collect performance-related variables. Images describing the temporal organization of the stroke were captured at three different time-points: beginning (B) 20-40 meters, middle (M) 800-820 meters and end (E) 1450-1470 meters of the course. A Nikon Coolpix S5300 camera attached to the boat was also used. Kinovea software (0.8.20 version) allowed for frame-by-frame analysis of the swimming stroke. Dependent variables related to performance (time, speed, total distance completed, as well as the stroke rates in each of the three time-points in the course); variant aspects of swimming strokes (total time of cycle, total time of strokes, recovery [out of water] and pull-though [in the water] phases) and non-variant aspects of the swimming stroke (relative timing of recovery and pull-through phases and its variability) were considered. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the three time-points of the task (B, M and E) for all variables. Pearson correlation was used to assess the magnitude of the relationship between performance variables, while Student\'s t test for paired samples was used to compare the possible differences between the right and left arms at each time-point at α≤=0,05. As for performance, the results indicated that swimmers made use of stroke rate (Sr) for the three different time-points, which were higher during B compared to M and E, and during M, lower than B and E; these changes were followed by adjustments in the variant aspects such as the total time of cycle, stroke and recovery and pull-through phases. In addition, at the three time-points of collect, swimmers had a temporal symmetry between the strokes of both arms, even though differences were observed between the phases of the stroke when arms were compared against each other. Regarding the non-variant aspects, a change in pattern was detected between B towards M and E of the task, while at M and E time-points athletes used the same temporal structure. Regarding the variability between variant and non-variant aspects for strokes and stroke phases, there was a decrease in magnitude through the task course. The left arm showed greater variability at the three time-points compared to the right arm. Therefore, in view of the results, it can be concluded that the resources used by skilled swimmers when swimming in a unstable environment, real conditions of distance and environment (sea) comprise change in performance (Sf) associated with adjustments to variant aspects and of non-variant aspects of the stroke, simultaneously, depending on the moment of the task
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Santos, André Ferreira dos. "Plano de negócios - Swim Together : férias de natação de águas abertas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19969.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Estando inserida num dos desportos mais praticados do mundo e com maiores benefícios para a saúde, a natação de águas abertas é uma modalidade realizada em lagos, rios ou mar aberto, caraterizada pelo constante contato com diversas variáveis. O presente Trabalho Final de Mestrado propõe um plano de negócios para um conceito inovador em Portugal: campos de treino e de férias de natação de águas abertas. Este tipo de turismo desportivo consiste na comercialização de pacotes organizados, onde qualquer nadador, independentemente do seu nível de nado, é levado a nadar em locais únicos, em segurança e na companhia de guias experientes. Ao longo deste documento é feito um estudo detalhado à envolvente externa ao negócio e aos fatores que podem influenciar positiva e negativamente toda a operação. É também realizada a validação do serviço apresentado junto de potenciais clientes, bem como uma avaliação junto de parceiros, quanto à recetividade em colaborar com o projeto, denominado de Swim Together. Por último, através das métricas alcançadas, em comunhão com os indicadores financeiros previstos e que justificam a viabilidade e atratividade desta startup, acredita-se que seja possível captar investimento.
Being inserted in one of the most practiced sports in the world and with greater health benefits, open water swimming is a discipline performed in lakes, rivers or open sea, characterized by constant contact with various variables. This Master's Final Work proposes a business plan for an innovative concept in Portugal: open water swimming training and holiday camps. This type of sport tourism consists in organized packages, where any swimmer, regardless of their swimming level, is taken to swim in unique locations, in safely with the company of experienced guides. Throughout this document a detailed study is made of the external environment of the business and the factors that can influence positively and negatively the entire operation. It is made the validation of the service presented to potential customers, as well as an evaluation with partners, regarding the receptiveness to collaborate with the project, called Swim Together. Finally, through the metrics achieved, in communion with the expected financial indicators that justify the viability and attractiveness of this startup, it is believed that it is possible to capture investment.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Fang, Hsing-Chih, and 方行之. "Sport Tourists in Motivation, Experience, and Satisfaction Relationship Research-A case studyOlympic HengChun Open Water Swimming." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44462267299878685600.

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碩士
大仁科技大學
休閒健康管理研究所
95
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between participant motivation and satisfaction of 538 athletic tourists who participated in the Olympic HengChun Open Water Swimming for All. Questionnaire survey method was used to collect data in this research. The statistical analysis of data adopted descriptive statistics, item analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation methods. The results were as followed: 1. Three factor dimensions, sport and psychology, curiosity and emotion, escape or heart, were induced in the participant motivation; Four factor dimensions, oneself to grow up by with family, augmentation of knowledge by retrospect, soul released and challenge, self-gratification and physiology training were induced in the participant Experience; Four factor dimensions, field quality, competition program, service quality, hardware programs were induced in the participant Satisfaction. 2. 326 participants were male (60.6%); 225 were from the austral area (41.8%); 373 were marriage married (69.3%); 149 were age 51up (27.7%); 298 were college students (55.4%); 103 were Average income NTD30, 001~40,000 (18.4%). 3. Positive correlation relationships existed between leisure motivation and experience, and the relationship of experience and satisfaction as well.
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Lu, Huan-Sheng, and 盧煥升. "A Performance Evaluation Indicators Study of Sport Tourism：A Case of Olympic Heng-Chun Open Water Swimming." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47333069667432997314.

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碩士
立德管理學院
休閒管理研究所
93
The purpose of this study was to increase the event achievements of sport tourism then apply the limited resources to effective usage. This is a major issue for handling unit of sport tourism. This study based on the single case research, using the balanced scorecard point method to analyze the single case of current performance evaluation situation. Through survey and interview of staff and management levels, their point of view can be taken into account to use in the actual case of performance evaluation indicators standard, and use as a reference for future achievement evaluation indicators of other sports organizations. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of importance recognition, factor analysis and independent sample one-way ANOVA.The major findings reveal all the indicators of staff and experts’ importance recognition are greater than 3.9, it means these indicators are all important for evaluate and measure performance of sport tourism event. For the entire performance evaluation in other perspectives, “ customer perspective” has the highest average value which score is 4.386, the next are” innovation and learning Perspective” and “internal business perspective” , and “financial perspective” is the least cherished. Based on the analysis of questionnaire and choosing 17 factors from the 47 indexes from the questionnaire, it is found that the eigenvalue of every factor is over 1 and the variances over 55.74%. Viewing the aspect of different sample factor’s importance recognition, the choices of importance level on the index, due to the age differences of interviewee, will cause a significant difference.
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Weng, Yu-Mei, and 翁郁玫. "A Study of the Relationship among Participation Motivation, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention in Kinmen-Xiamen Crossing Competition and Kinmen Long-distance Open Water Swimming Competition." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yg2zf8.

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碩士
國立金門大學
運動與休閒學系
102
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship among participation motivation, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention. The subjects were the participants of Kinmen-Xiamen Crossing Competition and Kinmen Long-distance Open Water Swimming Competition in 2013. A questionnaire was used in this study, and the research instruments included participation motivation, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention scales. The study used convenience sampling and collected 569 valid questionnaires. After the questionnaires were returned, they were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. The data analysis methods included descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study results included the following: 1. Participation motivation had the highest score in capacity enhancement; perceived value had the highest score in acquisition value; and satisfaction had the highest score in activity planning. 2. In different background variables, there were significant differences in participation motivation, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention. 3. The participation motivation, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention had a significant positive correlation. 4. Acquisition value, transaction value, and personal improvement affect the satisfaction of the participant. The results indicated that acquisition value led to a higher level of satisfaction. Behavioral intention is affected by acquisition value, equipment and services, transaction value, activity planning, social relationship, and incentive prize. The results indicated that behavioral intention was most influenced by the acquisition value, followed by equipment and services, transaction value, and, lastly, activity planning. Based on the findings as mentioned, it is suggested that the organizer should set up different groups for participants with different ability levels. Second, it should promote the group registration for attracting companies or enterprises to participate. Moreover, it should consolidate the male participants and attract more female ones to take part. In addition, equipment and services should be improved in order to establish a good reputation. Finally, the organizer should strengthen the overall planning and increase economic benefits from the swimming crossing activities. Results of this study provided suggestions such as adopting qualitative research and developing longitudinal assessment for future research; also, by integrating different swimming activities and comparing the differences among them, the organizer can have better planning and strategies.
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SHIU, HUAN-SHENG, and 許換生. "A Relationship Study among Destination Image, Customer Expectation, Service Quality, Perceived Value and Satisfaction Of Sports Tourists—A Case Study of “Kinmen Long Distance Open Water Swimming” In 2014." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01388328303128355478.

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碩士
國立金門大學
管理學院事業經營碩士在職專班運動休閒組
104
Kinmen is famous for its open water around the island. When the long distance open water swimming activity was held for the first time in Liao-Lou Bay on July 2003, there were more than 1200 participants came to Kinmen to join this event. In 2003, due to the interference of the mainland China policy, China participants were not allowed to join. But in the following events in the past 11 years, the host of this event always invited swimmers from both sides of Taiwan Strait and also those from all over the world. Kinmen has become a famous venue for open water swimming events during summer break ever since and attracted more and more participants every year. The purpose of this study focused on the participants of “Kinmen Long Distance Open Water Swimming” in Liao-Luo Bay in 2014, and analyzed their expectation and the perceived destination image, service quality, value and satisfaction. In terms of demographic attributes, this study analyzed the characteristics of participants in this event and tried to explore into the relationship among different variables. A questionnaire was conducted to survey the participant’s perceptions of destination image, customer expectation, service quality, perceived value and satisfaction. The samples were collected from the participants on July 12 and 13 in 2014 during the event. A total of 606 returned questionnaires were valid. The results of this study were as follow: 1.There was a positive relationship between satisfaction and perceived value, service quality, and customer expectation. 2. Among all, perceived value was the main factor. 3. The increase of perceived value would subsequently lead to a better satisfaction in participants. Key Words: destination image, customer expectation, service quality, perceived value, satisfaction
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Books on the topic "Open water swimming"

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Open water swimming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.

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Open water swimming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2011.

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Laughlin, Terry. Triathlon swimming made easy: The Total Immersion way for anyone to master open-water swimming. New Paltz, NY: Total Immersion, Inc., 2002.

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Inc, Total Immersion, ed. Triathlon swimming made easy: The Total Immersion way to master "the swim thing" for triathletes and open-water swimmers of every level. New Paltz, NY: Total Immersion, Inc, 2001.

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Munatones, Steven. Open Water Swimming. Human Kinetics, 2011.

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J, Amos St. Germain (Editor), ed. History of Open-Water Marathon Swimming. 2nd ed. Captains Engineering Services, Inc., 2004.

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Open water swimming manual: An expert's survival guide for triathletes and open water swimmers. 2013.

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Rodrigues, Gerry, and Emma-Kate Lidbury. Triathlon Swimming: Master Open-Water Swimming with the Tower 26 Method. VeloPress, 2020.

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Open Water: The History and Technique of Swimming. Chronicle Books, 2019.

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Fearless Swimming For Triathletes Improve Your Open Water Skills. Meyer & Meyer Fachverlag und Buchhandel GmbH, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Open water swimming"

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Zamparo, Paola, Roberto Baldassarre, Marco Bonifazi, and Maria Francesca Piacentini. "Open-Water Swimming." In Extreme and Rare Sports, 11–33. First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315108025-2.

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Bradford, Carl D., David F. Gerrard, and James D. Cotter. "Open-Water Swimming." In Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise, 263–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93515-7_14.

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Hara, Reira, and Isao Muraoka. "Open Water Swimming Performance." In Sports Performance, 313–22. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55315-1_25.

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Engelbert, Patrick, John Haggerty, and Steven Portouw. "Dyspnea and Hemoptysis after a Rigorous, Open-Water Swim." In Acute Care Casebook, edited by Leslie V. Simon, 355–59. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0072.

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The case illustrates the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), an uncommon cause of pulmonary edema in triathletes and military recruits. The pathophysiology is not completely understood but is thought to relate to the effects caused by immersion in conjunction with vigorous exertion. Diagnosis is by history and physical, with the prototypical SIPE patient being a previously healthy athlete exhibiting acute onset edema while exercising in the water. Typical symptoms and signs include shortness of breath, hypoxia, rales, and cough, which may or may not be productive with pink, frothy sputum. Radiographs may be obtained but are mainly obtained to rule out other diagnoses including pneumonia and pneumothorax. Treatment is supportive, although some evidence is mounting that shows decreasing rates of SIPE with prophylactic sildenafil.
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D. Coertze, Roelof, and Arie M. Rijke. "Viscous Drag Reduction and Contour Feather Geometry in Water and Land Birds." In Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96994.

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Water birds have contour feathers in contact with water that show in their distal one-third adaptations to water repellency, resistance to water penetration and forceful impact with water. These qualities vary according to their intimacy with open water. In this study, the geometry of this part of the feather was examined to detect additional features that would affect viscous drag in water. The length-to-width ratio was measured and used to calculate the viscous drag coefficients for 48 water birds and, for comparison, 12 land birds. The lowest values for the drag coefficient were observed for birds with foraging niches as diving and swimming, followed by plunging, surface feeding, aerial and ground feeding. Land birds with no open water in their habitat had the highest drag coefficients. Three statistical approaches were used to validate the results. Allowing for the phylogenetic relatedness of the 60 species obscured any significant differences that may exist, but a non-parametric analysis that does not assume the conditions of equal sample size and variance turned out to be the most appropriate method for our data set.
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Buttenwieser, Ann L. "Finding the C500." In The Floating Pool Lady, 89–110. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716010.003.0006.

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This chapter reviews the author's studies of the floating baths, where she learned that the processes she had to go through would be long, complicated, and buffeted by outside forces. It cites the Hoboken press conference and Joyce Wadler's article that gave the author's pool project new impetus, but the action still depended on city officials, which made it occur at a slow pace. It also talks about the appointment of the Swimming Pool Advisory Committee, which represented a variety of interests that helped bring the community on board for the floating pool. The chapter mentions the company Stolt Offshore Inc., which made concrete floating docks for open-sea oil and gas rigs. It details the author's decision to place a pool on one of Stolt Offshore's structures, requiring only minimal water depth.
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"Behavior in Salmon." In Physiological Aspects of Imprinting and Homing Migration in Salmon, 94–112. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2054-3.ch005.

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The recent rapid development of biotelemetry technologies has made it possible to continuously observe the underwater behavior of salmon in open water. Homing migratory behaviors were studied using anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido and lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya. Biotelemetry results on the migratory behavior of adult chum salmon in a reconstructed reach of the Shibetsu River; the investigation of cardiac arrest during gamete release in chum salmon; the comparison of the swimming ability and upstream-migration behavior of chum salmon and masu salmon in Hokkaido, Japan; and the analysis of site fidelity and habitat use in Formosan landlocked salmon during the typhoon season in the Chichiawan stream, Taiwan were also performed. This chapter describes the homing migration of anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido, Japan; the homing migration of lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan; and biotelemetry research on various behaviors in salmon.
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Wohl, Ellen. "January: Of Rocks and Ice." In Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.003.0004.

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The beaver meadow is quiet in January. For many plants and animals, winter is a season of subdued activity, or of waiting. North St. Vrain Creek remains open along the main channel, the water flowing clear but tinted brown as pine bark between snowy banks. Densely growing thickets of willow closely line the banks. Each stem starts pale brown near the ground, then grades upward to shades of maroon or yellowish orange at the branch tips. In a bird’s-eye view, these startling colors make the meadow stand out distinctly from the dark green conifers that define the edges of the meadow. Spruce and fir trees grow sharply pointed as arrows; pines present a slightly more rounded outline. Snow falls silently in thick flakes from the low, gray sky. The upper edges of the valley walls fade into snow and clouds. The sun appears briefly as a small, pale spotlight behind the clouds to the south. Snow mounds on the patches of ice in the shallow channel. The water flowing beneath creates flickers through the translucent ice like a winter fire of subdued colors and no heat. Tussocks form humps of straw-colored grass above the dark, frozen soil. Rabbit tracks line the snowy bank, sets of four paw marks with a large gap between each set. Something small crossed the bank, leaping one to two feet at a bound, two paws with slight drag marks behind them. In places the powdery snow has drifted deeply, but mostly it is shallow over a frozen crust. Beaver-gnawed sticks and stumps poke up through the snow. A large flood came through four months ago, in mid-September, washing out dams that the beavers have not yet rebuilt. Chunks of wood deposited among the willow stems by the floodwaters stand far above the January flow of the creek. A dipper fishes the creek, wading rather than swimming, at home in the cold water. The slate-gray bird is the only visible animal, busily probing the bed with its short bill, then pausing to stand and bob up and down.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by PASCALE A. STEINER and MARCEL MICHEL. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch16.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Ultrasonic telemetry was used to study the influence of tidal current on the activity patterns of bull sharks <em>Carcharhinus leucas </em>and blacktip sharks <em>C. limbatus </em>within their nursery grounds. This study was conducted in the estuary of the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida. Twenty-eight sharks (8 bull and 14 blacktip sharks) were tracked for at least one tidal cycle. The two species showed significantly different swimming patterns relative to the tidal current. Blacktip sharks all showed a similar pattern of moving towards the open waters during outgoing tide and returning to the backwater bays with the incoming tide. It was found that their swimming direction was significantly influenced by the tidal current. The swimming direction of bull sharks showed no significant dependence on the tidal stage. In addition, the index of linearity as a measurement of re-use of an area confirmed a significantly straighter swimming pattern for blacktip sharks during both incoming and outgoing tides, as compared to bull sharks.
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"the dosages used to kill mosquitoes, non-target organisms are safe. Both of these products, especially Bacillus, break down quickly and should therefore present no hazard to water quality. Given that a site such as Big Bay may become a mecca for those wishing to swim, sail or even fish, a surveillance programme and some environmental modifications are necessary. The deeper open waters of this bay coupled with a vegetation-free foreshore as a buffer zone, perhaps 400 m on either side of a swimming zone, should minimize or even negate swimmer’s itch. Adjacent Hydrilla and other macrophytes will require clearing as these will also present a physical hazard to swimmers and watercraft. The monitoring programmes could ideally be done three to four weeks prior to extensive public usage to allow time for any remedial action. The prevalence of key mosquito species and of large Austropeplea (and Gyraulus and Amerianna) snails can be established quickly as can cercarial infection in the snails. If it is found necessary to establish infection rates in mosquitoes, the newly developed Ross River and Barmah Forest virus testing procedures using mosquito cell cultures and enzyme immunosorbent assay (Oliveira et al. 1995) would require six days processing time. This offers considerable economy over previous methods using intracerebral inoculation of baby suckling mice. We would suggest that prior to selected recreational events, especially those from March to May, the Water Supply Board should initiate the action shown in Figure 9.6. The information supplied in response to a request should be communicated to recreational users to ensure that they are aware of the risks. Perhaps mosquito, arbovirus, and schistosome status could be displayed in the same way as fire hazard status is commonly indicated. It would be remiss of us to generate the impression that we had all the answers to the Ross River dam. The stage 2A lake and its surrounds are undergoing a process of ecological change and realization of this must remain paramount. There are issues relating to mosquito biology and behaviour and to do with snail ecology generally that would repay further study. Thus further selective monitoring and research should not be forsaken. References." In Water Resources, 155–57. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Open water swimming"

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Coppo, Ricardo, Juan Cruz Guidi, Luciana Canova, and Pablo Salomoni. "Aquatrainer I: Electronic assistant for open water swimming training." In 2014 XL Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clei.2014.6965105.

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Keow, Alicia, and Zheng Chen. "Modeling and Control of Artificial Swimming Bladder Enabled by IPMC Water Electrolysis." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9076.

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Underwater robots with buoyancy control capability are highly desirable in deep ocean exploration for underwater environment monitoring and intelligent collection. In this paper, a prototype of buoyancy control device powered by ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is developed. An IPMC is used for enhancing the water electrolysis of tap water and separating the gases produced. The produced hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in two separate chambers. Collection of these gases increase the volume of water displaced by the device, hence, increases its buoyancy. Two solenoid valves are used to control the release of gases to decrease the device’s buoyancy. Using a dynamic model developed in our previous work, the parameters of the model are identified through an open-loop test. A PID controller is then designed for close-loop depth control. The PID controller uses the error in depth to estimate the desired gas generation/releasing rate. It then calculates the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal used for driving the solenoid valves. The closed-loop depth control is verified both through simulation and real-time experiment, showing satisfactory results.
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Aristaghes, Pierre, and David Compte. "Offshore Urban Extension of the Anse Du Portier In Monaco." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31183-ms.

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Abstract As part of the Monaco offshore urban extension project, Bouygues TP is in charge of design & build a maritime infrastructure as the first step of the six-hectare expansion of the city into the sea. This maritime infrastructure consists of a fill enclosed by a band of trapezoid concrete caissons and will serve as base for construction of the new residential area. The paper focuses on some of the problems which had to be solved: optimization of promenade level and wave absorbing chambers in conjunction with minimal reflection and safety related to overtopping, accounting for sea level rise and correlation between extreme waves and water levels. caissons and rubble mound foundation stability related to waves and seism, including extra seismic forces due to buildings considering the high reclamation height and the immediate proximity of building foundations. the way in which caissons representing nearly 80,000 m3 of concrete can be built in a floating and continuous manner via a caisson box (or "caissonnier" in French), within a particularly short time frame presence of a small craft harbor with shops along the quays, whose location was fixed for urbanistic reasons, which requested optimizations in detail of anti-overtopping devices as much as possible integrated in the urban context, need to convert a breakwater caisson into a low crested swimming pool caisson, with plexiglas windows exposed to wave slamming from outside, but also from inside due to overtopping impacts over the swimming pool basin. Ecodesign has been closely associated with hydrodynamic and coastal engineering, based on estimation of wave pressures and induced velocities in the different possible locations (chambers, walls, structures toes …). The eco-friendly development strategy is based on the wide-scale deployment of a range of 11 solutions which will be described (potential for caissons to be colonized, nursery function development, etc…). Moreover, posidonia transplantation has been done via concrete open boxes, whose stability under storm waves has requested CFD calculations to model local velocities and optimize their shape.
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Ziemer, Tim. "Localizing Swimming Objects in Noisy Environments by Applying Nearfield Acoustic Holography and Minimum Energy Method." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41733.

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A problem in localizing individual swimming objects acoustically is the high amount of strongly fluctuating ambient noise due to turbulent pressure fluctuations, thermal and seismic noise, motoring vessels, wind and marine mammals. In littoral and other shallow waters additionally the complex boundaries produce absorption of high-frequency components and strong reverberation in other frequency regions, refraction due to sudden changes in temperature and scattering from the rough sea surface and floor. In this paper localization of a single swimming object in presence of disturbing sources and noise is simulated. Low-frequency nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) based on vector hydrophone array measurements is combined with minimum energy method (MEM) to increase detection certainty. This combination of NAH and MEM appears to be a reliable and robust detection method suitable e.g. for sort-range navigation in littoral waters and for iceberg detection in open waters.
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