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Berhan, Gemal. "Active LV Distribution Grid Modelling and Analyses Using OpenDSS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200507.
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Oliveira, Fabrício Bonfim Rodrigues de. "Redução de perdas de sistemas de distribuição através do dimensionamento ótimo de bancos de capacitores via entropia cruzada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-05012017-142133/.
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Os Sistemas de Distribuição são responsáveis pelo fornecimento da energia elétrica aos consumidores residenciais, industriais e comerciais com padrões de qualidade regulamentados pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). Assim, as concessionárias monitoram seu sistema para verificar o perfil de tensão na rede elétrica e as perdas técnicas do sistema. Este último critério de desempenho é extremamente relevante, pois representa o desperdício em energia e diminuição na capacidade de receita da empresa. Portanto, há interesse em fornecer a energia elétrica dentro das especificações regidas pela ANEEL e com as menores perdas elétricas possível. Contudo, técnicas como reconfiguração de linhas, recondutoramento, alocação de capacitores e geradores distribuídos são aplicadas. Em especial, a alocação de capacitores é uma técnica que visa identificar a quantidade, localização e tipo dos bancos de capacitores (BCs) que serão alocados no sistema com o intuito de minimizar as perdas, levando em consideração custos de implantação e operação. Para tal, métodos computacionais são utilizados para definir a melhor configuração dos BCs. As metaheurítiscas têm sido aplicadas na solução deste problema, cuja função objetivo é a minimização das perdas técnicas do sistema de distribuição. Desta forma, este trabalho tem o objetivo de propor uma abordagem de solução utilizando a metaheurística Entropia Cruzada implementada no software Python para redução das perdas de sistemas elétricos modelados no OpenDSS. A abordagem se mostrou uma importante ferramenta de análise de sistemas de distribuição, proporcionando resultados extremamente satisfatórios.The distribution systems are responsible for providing electricity to residential, industrial and commercial consumers under quality standards regulated by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL). Thus, utilities monitor the system to check the voltage profile in the grid and system technical losses. The latter quantity is an extremely important performance criterion, as it represents energy losses and decrease in revenue capacity of the company. Therefore, there is interest in providing electricity within specification stated by ANEEL with the lowest possible electrical losses. Techniques such as topology reconfiguration, reconductoring, allocation of capacitors and distributed generators are usually proposed in technical studies. Particularly, the allocation of capacitors is a technique that aims to identify the amount, location and type of capacitor banks (CBs), which are allocated in the system in order to minimize the losses, taking into consideration the implementation and operation costs. For this purpose, computational methods are used to determine the best configuration of CBs. Metaheuristics have been applied for the solution of this problem, with the objective to minimize the technical losses of distribution systems. This document shows the development of a solution method using the Cross Entropy metaheuristic implemented in Python programming language to reduce the losses of electrical systems modeled in OpenDSS program. The developed approach resulted in an important analysis tool for distribution systems, providing extremely satisfactory results.
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Eppinger, Crystal. "Impact Analysis of Increased Dispatchable Resources on a Utility Feeder in OpenDSS." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4000.
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Oregon utilities are replacing their portfolios of traditional fossil fuel generation with renewable generating sources. Stepping away from carbon-producing energy will leave a deficit of on-demand power, resulting in decreased reliability. To overcome these technical challenges, utilities must maximize the use of their present dispatchable resources. One such resource is the Portland General Electric (PGE) Dispatchable Standby Generation Program (DSG), which is an aggregated 105 MWs of distributed generation (DG). These resources are brought on-line when there is a critical need for power. Resources are added to the program if a transfer trip scheme is in place or a modeling study reveals that the feeder load is at least three times the generator capacity. If the load-to-capacity ratio were lower, more assets could be added to the DSG program.
To investigate the impacts of lowering the DG load-to-capacity ratio on existing distribution feeders, we use Open-Source Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). We modeled the Oxford Rural feeder by converting a utility CYME database to instantiation files using several MATLAB programs. A MATLAB control program varies the load-to-capacity ratio of the OpenDSS feeder model and monitors the generator behavior immediately following a fault. We analyzed the results to determine the ideal load-to-capacity ratio that prevents unintentional islanding. The results show that the instantaneous (50) relay element settings dictate both the minimum load-to-capacity ratio and the maximum DG capacity. The present three-to-one ratio is very conservative and can be reduced.
Additional dispatchable resources include a five MW battery-inverter system currently used as grid-back up. The battery is grid-tied to a 12.4 kV feeder making it an ideal candidate for conservation voltage reduction (CVR). Using the same feeder model, we investigated the effects of lowering the system voltage to the allowable minimum using injections of reactive power. A lower system voltage reduces the load at peak times. Conversely, increasing the voltage prevents generation conflicts. To determine the benefit of CVR by VAr-injection on the Oxford Rural feeder, we created a MATLAB optimization program to output the optimal feeder voltage for reduced system power. We use a Simulink feedback model to determine the appropriate reactive power needed to achieve the voltage change. We analyze the system model to reveal that the feeder is ideal for CVR but the system capacity must be increased to achieve the maximum power reduction.
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RIBEIRO, JUNIOR Luiz Carlos. "Inversores inteligentes em sistemas fotovoltaicos para controle integrado de funções utilizando o OpenDSS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2018. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1757.
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Nos últimos dois anos houve um crescimento exponencial no uso de sistemas distribuídos, sobretudo fotovoltaicos no país, que se interligam a rede de distribuição através de inversores, geralmente com fator de potência unitário. Este crescimento por um lado é interessante, pois diversifica a matriz energética, diminui a dependência das grandes usinas hidrelétricas e cria novos campos de emprego no setor. Porém, também gera algumas incertezas e preocupações de natureza social e técnica. Dentro deste contexto esta dissertação busca apresentar os impactos que a geração distribuída pode acarretar a todos os envolvidos no sistema elétrico. Do lado social é realizada uma breve reflexão dos impactos deste tipo de geração e da rede inteligente do futuro; do lado técnico, são apresentados os principais problemas relatados na literatura devido à alta inserção de sistemas distribuídos fotovoltaicos, tais como: problemas de sobretensão, desequilíbrios de tensão, fator de potência e harmônicos. Para solucionar alguns destes problemas a proposta desta dissertação é o uso de inversores inteligentes que atuam na regulação de grandezas elétricas e assim, minimizam os impactos na rede de distribuição. São descritas algumas funções inteligentes e a que elas se destinam. A fim de avaliar os impactos da geração distribuída na rede de distribuição e atuação dos inversores inteligentes, são realizadas simulações em um sistema teste, através do software OpenDSS, específico para este tipo de estudo. São apresentados, comparados e discutidos alguns resultados em três cenários: quando não há inserção de geração distribuída fotovoltaica, com inserção de geração distribuída e por fim, com inserção das funções inteligentes. Espera-se que os problemas descritos diminuam e haja menor impacto no sistema elétrico e para a sociedade de um modo geral.
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Martins, Criciéle Castro. "Avaliação da dinâmica de nuvens e do impacto em redes de distribuição com grande participação de geração fotovoltaica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12935.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThe search for a more diverse energy matrix, to decrease the fossil fuel consumption com-bined with the enhance concern of environmental impacts results in an increasing interest on the installation of distributed generators. Nevertheless, its technical impacts must be studied carefully to benefit electric energy distribution systems. Considering photovoltaic generators, the presence of clouds influences directly in the solar irradiance on Earth’s surface, what var-ies, in a significant way, the generation of energy throughout time. The continuous clouds movement above electrical grids that contain this kind of generation produces difficulty in the forecast variations of the generated power flow and voltage fluctuations on electrical grid im-pacting the consumer’s energy quality. Thus, this master dissertation proposes to rank real solar irradiance data according to satellite image processing, which counts on information referring to the different sort of clouds. The purpose is to investigate how the dynamic of clouds affects the energy production from photovoltaic generator and, consequently, the im-pact on the electrical grids that counts with it. At first, different types of clouds are ranked through image processing techniques, so that images were obtained in CPTEC. Weather Fore-casting and Climate Studies Center website using satellite GOES-13 data with 30 minutes periods. In comparison to image processing results, it is used measured data from a photovol-taic system installed on the roof of Block E from Santa Maria’s Polytechnic School to rate the shading influence, thus, the classification of measured data on: sunny, partially clouded and fully clouded days. Therefore, for the evaluation of impact of a photovoltaic systems on dif-ferent generation situations over an electric distribution grid, it was used the IEEE 34-bus feeder, through known analysis such as QuasiStatic Time-Series Analysis performed by the software Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). Different load profiles are also considered, such as constant and variating loads on weekdays and weekends. The results in each tested case are presented and is performed an analysis of information from the energetic point of view, observing the real and local generation capacity, and the quality of the energy provided by the system, in which is referred the voltage levels and operation of voltage regu-lators equipment.
A busca pela diversificação da matriz energética, diminuição na utilização de combustíveis fósseis para geração de energia elétrica, além da maior preocupação com os impactos ambientais, fazem com que se aposte cada vez mais na instalação de geradores distribuídos. Contudo, para que estes possam vir a beneficiar sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica, seus impactos técnicos devem ser cuidadosamente estudados. Considerando geradores fotovoltaicos, a presença de nuvens influ-encia diretamente a irradiância solar que chega à superfície terrestre, variando de uma forma sig-nificativa ao longo do tempo a energia gerada. O movimento contínuo das nuvens sobre redes elétricas que contam com esse tipo de geração produz variações de difícil previsibilidade sobre o fluxo de potência gerado e flutuações de tensão na rede elétrica, acarretando em possíveis impac-tos na qualidade de energia fornecida aos consumidores. Assim, esta dissertação de mestrado pro-põe classificar dados reais de irradiância solar conforme o processamento de imagens de satélite que contam com informações referente a classificação de diferentes tipos de nuvens, com objetivo de investigar como a dinâmica de nuvens afeta a produção de energia através de geradores fo-tovoltaicos, e consequentemente redes de distribuição de energia elétrica que contam com a parti-cipação dos mesmos. Em um primeiro instante, através de técnicas de processamento de ima-gem dá-se a classificação dos diferentes tipos de nuvens, de modo que as imagens são obtidas através do site do CPTEC (Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos) com dados do satélite GOES-13 em períodos de 30 minutos. Em comparação aos resultados de processamento de imagem são utilizados dados medidos de um sistema fotovoltaico, instalado no telhado do Blo-co E do Colégio Politécnico de Santa Maria, para avaliar a influência do sombreamento, e assim classificação dos dados medidos em: dia ensolarado, parcialmente encoberto e encoberto. Logo, para a avaliação do impacto em uma rede de distribuição elétrica que conta com sistemas fotovol-taicos em diferentes situações de geração, considera-se o sistema IEEE 34 barras, a partir de aná-lises conhecidas como Quasi-Static Time-Series Analysis, realizadas pelo software Open Distri-bution System Simulator (OpenDSS). Também, são considerados diferentes perfis de carga, como por exemplo, cargas que não variam no tempo, e cargas que variam com características de dia de semana e fim de semana. Os resultados de cada caso testado são apresentados e é realizado uma análise de informações tanto do ponto de vista energético, observando-se a capacidade real e local de geração, além da qualidade de energia fornecida pelo sistema, no que se refere aos níveis de tensão e operação de equipamentos reguladores de tensão.
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Paludo, Juliana Aramizu. "Avaliação dos impactos de elevados níveis de penetração da geração fotovoltaica no desempenho de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica em regime permanente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-23042014-153815/.
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O emprego de geradores fotovoltaicos (FV) conectados ao sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica tem apresentado um crescimento significativo na última década. No Brasil, sua existência ainda é reduzida, entretanto a previsão é que esta aumente nos próximos anos em função das novas regulamentações estabelecidas pelas concessionárias de energia, com apoio da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica. O estudo das consequências trazidas pela conexão massiva de geradores FV possibilita o planejamento correto de operação do sistema de distribuição, evitando assim, a degradação da qualidade da energia elétrica fornecida aos consumidores. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho possui como objetivo a análise da influência que um elevado nível de penetração de sistemas FV possui em um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. Durante as análises, foram considerados diversos geradores FV distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois sistemas de distribuição teste bastante distintos. O programa de simulação computacional empregado foi o OpenDSS. Os estudos consideraram situações de regime permanente e foram feitas abordagens empregando variações temporais, com o propósito de avaliar o comportamento e a interação entre os perfis de carga e geração FV. Os resultados mostraram a importância de considerar as variações temporais de demanda e de geração, e apontaram que o perfil de tensão em regime permanente, nível de desbalanço de tensão, perdas técnicas, regulação da tensão e desconexão dos geradores são fatores importantes que devem ser avaliados em estudos deste tipo. Além disso, mostrou-se que possíveis impactos negativos decorrentes da introdução massiva de geradores fotovoltaicos podem ser mitigados utilizando as soluções propostas ao final deste trabalho.The employment of photovoltaic (PV) generators connected to the grid has increased significantly in the past decade. In Brazil, there are a few PV systems nowadays, but this scenario tends to change since new regulations have been established by the utilities with support of the Brazilian Electrical Energy Agency. The study of the effects caused by high penetration levels of PV generators enables the correct operation of the distribution networks and prevents the degradation of power quality provided to the consumers. In this context, the purpose of this research is to analyze the consequences caused by high-penetration levels of PV systems in distribution networks. Several distributed PV generators are considered and located randomly in two distinct distribution test feeders. The studies were carried out by using the software OpenDSS. The analysis focused on steady state studies and typical daily load and PV generation curves have been considered to evaluate the behavior and the interaction between loads and PV generation. The results have shown the importance of considering such load and power variation, and pointed out that voltage profile, voltage unbalance level, technical losses, voltage regulation and generators disconnection are important issues to be studied in situations like the ones analyzed in this work. Furthermore, possible negative impacts caused by high PV penetration levels can be mitigated by employing the potential solutions proposed in this dissertation.
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Gerini, Francesco. "Analisi dei profili di tensione e dei flussi di potenza in diversi tipi di reti di distribuzione in media e bassa tensione mediante il software OpenDSS." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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La teoria secondo la quale vi sia una forte interconnessione tra cambiamento climatico ed emissioni di gas serra è via via più radicata all’interno della comunità scientifica internazionale. La certezza che la richiesta di energia a livello mondiale non possa che aumentare, unita con le preoccupazioni causate dal cambiamento climatico ha indirizzato parte dei cosiddetti paesi “sviluppati” verso politiche volte all’efficienza energetica e alla produzione di energia attraverso fonti rinnovabili. In seguito a queste decisioni il sistema elettrico nazionale si trova in una fase di rapido cambiamento; in particolare le maggiori problematiche, legate alla rete di distribuzione, sono originate da un fenomeno di diffusione su larga scala della generazione distribuita.
In questo contesto, nel presente lavoro di tesi, ci si serve del software openDSS per osservare gli ammodernamenti che la rete ha subito e subirà in futuro.
In primo luogo viene trattata una rete, prettamente passiva, in bassa tensione che vuole essere lo specchio di ciò che era la rete prima della diffusione della generazione distribuita. Vengono evidenziati in particolare i profili delle tensioni lungo la rete di distribuzione e le potenze circolanti in rete. Viene successivamente studiata la prima rete con l’aggiunta di generatori, volti a simulare il comportamento di pannelli fotovoltaici, evidenziando alcune le problematiche causate dalla GD su una rete non adatta a sopportarla. Infine viene mostrato come la presenza di alcuni accumulatori (modellizzati per simulare il comportamento di veicoli elettrici) possa migliorare le condizioni della rete. L’obiettivo non è quello di condurre delle simulazioni di reti realmente esistenti e di studiare diversi modelli di sviluppo per esse, bensì quello di creare una rete di prova all’interno del software al fine di analizzare qualitativamente come la rete sia mutata e come possibili scenari potrebbero modificarla in futuro.
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Silva, Júlia Beust da. "Avaliação quantitativa do efeito dos desequilíbrios da rede e da carga na operação de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181822.
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Este trabalho propõe uma avaliação quantitativa do efeito do desequilíbrio nos índices de operação do sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. Os cenários apresentados contemplam os desequilíbrios existentes nos circuitos de média tensão e, também, os desequilíbrios na carga. Os desequilíbrios da rede consideram os efeitos da assimetria dos circuitos que provocam acoplamentos diferenciados entre os condutores. Para tanto, foram empregados dois sistemas, sendo um deles teórico e constituído por apenas um circuito e outro uma rede de distribuição padrão do IEEE. A primeira etapa da avaliação é realizada utilizando um modelo que reproduz um trecho fictício de linha de distribuição aérea trifásica com geometria e condutores típicos de redes de distribuição de energia de média tensão a cinco condutores, sendo um deles o condutor fictício de retorno pela terra. Os desequilíbrios de carga foram gerados aleatoriamente através do método de Monte Carlo, considerando variados índices de desequilíbrio. O desequilíbrio das correntes e as perdas do sistema foram determinados com o objetivo de quantificar o impacto das variações realizadas no trecho de linha. Para o sistema teste IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder, foram avaliados os erros decorrentes da consideração do acoplamento médio no cálculo das perdas de potência ativa e reativa, bem como os desequilíbrios de corrente, com o uso do software OpenDSS. Chega-se à conclusão de que o modelo que considera o acoplamento médio é capaz de determinar com muita fidelidade o desequilíbrio das correntes e das perdas para um circuito típico de distribuição em média tensão, não sendo necessária a representação exata das assimetrias dos condutores.This Master Thesis proposes a quantitative evaluation of the effect of unbalance in the operational indexes of distribution networks. The scenarios comprehend the unbalance of medium voltage circuits and the unbalance in the load. The unbalances consider the effects of the asymmetry of circuits, that cause different couplings between the conductors. Therefore, two systems were implemented, one theoretical and the other a distribution network following the IEEE standard. The first stage of the evaluation is performed using a model that reproduces a fictitious section of a three-phase aerial distribution power line with five conductors considering earth return path, with geometry and typical conductors used in medium voltage energy distribution. The load unbalances were randomly produced using the Monte Carlo method, considering different unbalance rates. The current unbalance factor and the system losses were determined to quantify the impact of the variations in the line section. For the IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder system, the errors from considering the average coupling in the calculation of active and reactive power losses were evaluated, as well as the current unbalance factor. In conclusion, the model that considers the average coupling can successfully determine with a high degree of accuracy the imbalance of currents and the losses for a typical medium-voltage distribution circuit without the need of an exact representation of the asymmetries of the conductors.
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Li, Fanxun. "STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PV HOSTING CAPACITY." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/140.
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As renewable energy plays an increasingly important role in the power system, the addition of PV systems to the distribution network has become a major trend in the current power system development. However, if a PV system with excessive capacity is added to the distribution network, voltage problems may occur in the system. Hence, it is important to determine the capacity of the PV system that can be added at the distribution system.
The thesis aims to identify the major factors that affect the PV hosting capacity of distribution systems. The thesis studies various scenarios for the IEEE-123 test network PV system and evaluates the PV hosting capacity of the distribution system based on simulation tools including Matlab and Opendss software.
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Ballanti, Andrea. "Voltage-led load management in UK distribution networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/voltageled-load-management-in-uk-distribution-networks(59dbe5b1-bcae-4f6c-b167-95c372cd835d).html.
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The growing uptake of wind and photovoltaic technologies requires further sources of system-level flexibility to avoid or defer significant investments. The ability to control, to some extent, customer demand (load management, LM) is one of these sources of flexibility. However, the direct involvement of a large number of customers makes the scalability of such approach a major challenge. A mostly unexplored solution to overcome the challenges of managing thousands or millions of customers is to leverage the positive correlation between voltage and demand. More precisely, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) can control existing regulation devices to reduce customer voltages and so triggering a reduction in demand. This scheme, hereafter called voltage-led LM, avoids the direct involvement of customers overcoming one of the major barriers of traditional LM solutions. To understand whether this approach can be of any significance, a methodology able to quantify such reduction in demand need to be developed. However, the few methodologies available in the literature neglect the interactions across voltage levels and their influence on the benefits of the scheme. Moreover, time-varying demand profiles and load models are not always considered. Finally, the impact that the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources might have, is also neglected. This thesis addressed these gaps by developing a four-stage approach in which the time-varying volume of demand reduction that the scheme can unlock is quantified considering for the first time the influences among all voltage levels in distribution network. To reduce the complexity each voltage level is analysed separately whilst maintaining the corresponding dependencies. The methodology, also able to extrapolate the results at national scale, can quantify the impact that the uptake of residential scale PV units might have on the scheme. The methodology is demonstrated with a real UK case study where 10-min resolution time-series daily and seasonal analysis are performed. For the first time real network models across the whole distribution network, from 132 kV to 400 V, have been adopted. The interactions across voltage levels, the adoption of realistic load models, the variety of network models and the use of a time-varying approach, all aspects simultaneously considered for the first time in a case study, have shown to play a key role in the quantification. In Great Britain the scheme is expected to provide a significant volume of flexibility of around 1.8GW (60 GW of peak demand). The presence of PV, at least in the short term, has shown to have only a marginally effect on the benefits unlocked by the voltage-led LM scheme, making such scheme promising even in a low carbon future.
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Gustafsson, Anton. "Case Study of Photovoltaics and Electric Vehicle Charging in a Low-Voltage Distribution Grid." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395972.
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This thesis investigates the effects from a grid connection of photovoltaics and electric vehicle charging in a low-voltage distribution grid. The study has taken place on behalf of Norrtälje Energi AB, and the object of study is a customer in one of their rural grids. Due to reported disturbances by the customer, a Magtech Voltage Booster (MVB) was installed at the point of common coupling. To evaluate the situation, three power quality measurements were analysed. Furthermore, a model of the distribution grid was developed in OpenDSS. The main conclusion of this thesis is that the disturbances seems to be caused by temporary voltage drops (below 195.5 V) during charging hours. This situation continues to create problems even though the MVB boosts and balances the voltage. The power quality measurements showed that the voltage unbalance, during charging hours, violated the limit both before and after the MVB-installation. Another significant conclusion in this thesis is that the MVB does not seem to improve the power quality, on the contrary it deteriorates the power quality with regards to rapid voltage change and harmonic content. Furthermore, the OpenDSS-model was able to predict the temporary voltage drops. And the model also resulted in voltage unbalance comparable to the measurements. The model also displayed how the voltage unbalance and harmonic content mitigated to other parts of the grid, and it became clear that it is only the closest neighbour that is in the risk of deteriorated power quality.
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Machado, Ivan de Souza. "Análise técnico-econômica do impacto da penetração da geração distribuída em redes de distribuição." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3935.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Atualmente diversos países tem posto em prática políticas para promover a Geração Distribuída (GD). No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) publicou a Resolução 482/2012 a fim de estabelecer as condições gerais de acesso da geração distribuída à rede e o mecanismo de compensação para a energia gerada pelo consumidor. Entre as tecnologias de GD, a solar fotovoltaica desempenha um papel importante devido aos seus avanços, em conjunto com a redução dos custos de capital e subsídios. A incerteza da inserção de unidades de GD renováveis pode causar impactos no sistema de distribuição de energia e vários estudos têm sido realizados para analisar os problemas relacionados a penetração da GD fotovoltaica. No entanto, em geral, esses estudos consideram cenários de penetração gerados aleatoriamente ou com base em aspectos técnicos, independentemente das características econômicas dos clientes. Portanto, esse trabalho propõe uma metodologia para avaliar o impacto da GD no sistema de distribuição considerando cenários de adoção com base nos clientes. O estudo de um alimentador de distribuição real foi desenvolvido a partir de dados do Projeto “Cidade Inteligente Búzios”. A análise e a simulação desse sistema de distribuição foram realizadas através do software Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS).
Nowadays, several countries are applying energy policies to promote Distributed Generation (DG). In Brazil, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) published the Normative Resolution 482/2012 in order to establish the general conditions for access of distributed generation for the grid and compensation mechanisms for the energy generated by the consumer. Among DG technologies, solar photovoltaic plays a major role due to advances in photovoltaic technology, combined with decreasing capital costs and subsidies. The uncertainty renewable DG integration may cause impact on distribution power system and several studies have been carried out to analyze grid integration issues associated with photovoltaic DG penetration. However, in general, these studies consider penetration scenarios randomly generated or based on technical aspects, regardless economic characteristics of customers. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to assess the impact of DG on distribution system considering customer adoption scenarios. The study of a real distribution feeder was developed from “Smart City Búzios” project database. The analysis and the distribution system simulation were performed with the Open Distribution System Simulator Software (OpenDSS).
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Girbino, Michael James. "Detecting Distribution-Level Voltage Anomalies by Monitoring State Transitions in Voltage Regulation Control Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1550483383962611.
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Cociu, Sergiu. "Trade openess and exchange rate volatility." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-983.
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The present thesis tries to argue the importance of non monetary factors in explaining real exchange rate volatility. The main interest is on the effect of trade openness on real effec-tive exchange rate (REER) volatility. Based on theoretical studies I test the existence of a negative relationship between total trade share of an economy and the volatility of REER. Empirical evidence on a panel of 11 CEE and Baltic Countries for the 1995-2006 period confirms the relationship. The conclusion is that for these specific countries a large part of variation of the real exchange rate can be explained by openness of the respective economy to trade.
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Caselli, Mauro. "Essays on openess, inequality and growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543706.
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Samuelsson, Mathias. "DANE with OpenSSL : PKIX certificate authentication throughDNS using OpenSSL." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176749.
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Background X.509 is an ITU standard for a public key infrastructure (PKI), which specifies, among other things, formats for public key certificates, certificate requests, certificate revocation lists and certification path validation algorithm. The X.509 standard was primarily designed to support the X.500 structure. However, today’s use cases centre mostly on the Internet. IETF’s Public-Key Infrastructure (X.509) working group has adapted the standard to the requirements and structure of the Internet. RFC 5280 specifies the PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile of the X.509v3 certificate standard. PKIX certificates are used for validating the identity or identities of the communicating parties, and optionally establishing secure keying material for protection of a message or a communications channel. Authentication and establishment of a secure communications channel on top of TCP with the Transport Layer Security protocol (TLS, RFC 5247) or the Secure Sockets Layer protocol (SSL) is probably the most common application of PKIX on the Internet. The IETF is converging on a standard for integration of X.509 Public Key Infrastructure with DNS and DNSSEC (DANE). In order to reach wide adoption, the concept must be validated through interoperability tests between multiple independent implementations. Results An implementation of the DANE standard has been demonstrated through an extension to the OpenSSL library. All use cases in the DANE standard has been validated to work as documented in the standard. Conclusions The DANE standard is implementable and reaches the results it sets out to achieve.
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Shahin, Hossameldin Latif. "Design and Implementation of OpenDSA Interoperable Infrastructure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78682.
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OpenDSA is a system for creating rich eTextbooks that combine quality
text with visualizations and interactive, auto-graded exercises. As OpenDSA
gains recognition, its use increases each year. This mandates a scalable,
reliable, and sustainable infrastructure to accommodate the fast-growing demand
for OpenDSA access.
We implemented OpenDSA-LTI, an interoperable infrastructure which transforms
OpenDSA from a standalone, self-contained eTextbook to an integrated learning
tool communicating with a Learning Management System (LMS) through the Learning
Tool Interoperability (LTI) protocol. OpenDSA-LTI delivers OpenDSA content and
interactive materials to students through a reliable and secure LMS interface.
LTI integration encourages OpenDSA adoption by providing easy, intuitive tools
that help instructors to build and generate OpenDSA eTextbooks in their LMS
courses. OpenDSA-LTI allows OpenDSA content developers to take advantage of
various tools already provided by the LMS instead of reproducing these through
their own proprietary services.
The OpenDSA-LTI extendable design allows for adding new LTI-compliant exercises to
OpenDSA books. This changes OpenDSA developers' efforts to searching for
learning tools instead of reimplementing them. As an example, instead of
maintaining the original OpenDSA programming evaluation engine, we could easily
replace it with the Code Workout online drill-and-practice system.
Since its launch in August 2016 until June 2017, OpenDSA-LTI has hosted 36
active courses offered by 25 different universities in 6 countries, 41
instructors have used OpenDSA-LTI to host their courses on the Canvas LMS, and
the system has 2,729 registered students.Master of Science
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Müller, Thomas. "Neuerungen im OpenAFS." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100972.
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Wonderly, Jackson Daniel. "Improving the Interoperability of the OpenDSA eTextbook System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94391.
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In recent years there has been considerable adoption of the IMS Learning Tools Interoperability
(LTI) standard among both Learning Management Systems (LMS), and learning
applications. The LTI standard defines a way to securely connect learning applications and
tools with platforms like LMS, enabling content from external learning tools to appear as
if it were a native part of the LMS, and enabling these learning tools to send users' scores
directly to the gradebook in the LMS. An example of such a learning tool is the OpenDSA
eTextbook system which provides materials that cover a variety of Computer Science-related
topics, incorporating hundreds of interactive visualizations and auto-graded exercises. Previous
work turned OpenDSA into an LTI tool provider, allowing for OpenDSA eTextbooks
to be integrated with the Canvas LMS. In this thesis, we further explore the problem of
connecting educational systems while documenting challenges, issues, and design rationales.
We expand upon the existing OpenDSA LTI infrastructure by turning OpenDSA into an
LTI tool consumer, thus enabling OpenDSA to better integrate content from other LTI tool
providers. We also describe how we expanded OpenDSA's LTI tool provider functionality
to increase the level of granularity at which OpenDSA content can be served, and how
we implemented support for several LMS, including challenges faced and remaining issues.
Finally, we discuss the problem of sharing analytics data among educational systems, and
outline an architecture that could be used for this purpose.Master of Science
In recent years there has been considerable adoption of the IMS Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) standard among Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard and Canvas, and among learning tools. The LTI standard allows for learning tools to be securely connected with platforms like LMS, enabling content from external learning tools to appear as if it were built into the LMS, and enabling these learning tools to send users’ scores directly to the gradebook in the LMS. An example of such a learning tool is the OpenDSA online textbook system which provides materials that cover a variety of Computer Science-related topics, incorporating hundreds of interactive visualizations and auto-graded exercises. Previous work enabled OpenDSA textbooks to be connected with the Canvas LMS using LTI. In this thesis, we further explore the problem of connecting educational systems while documenting challenges, issues, and design rationales. We expand the existing OpenDSA system to allow OpenDSA to better integrate content from other learning tools. We also describe how we expanded OpenDSA’s features to increase number of ways that OpenDSA content can be consumed, and how we implemented support for adding OpenDSA content to several LMS, including challenges faced and remaining issues. Finally, we discuss the problem of sharing analytics data among educational systems, and outline a potential way to connect educational systems for this purpose.
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Müller, Thomas. "Sichere Datenhaltung mit OpenAFS." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200300208.
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Müller, Thomas. "OpenAFS Fileserver Debugging/Tuning." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200301305.
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Unterlagen zu einem Tutorium im Rahmen des AFS-Workshops 2003 am DESY Zeuthen.
Die Suche von Fehlern in komplexen Systemen setzt immer voraus, dass der korrekte Zustand des Systems bekannt ist. Denn nur auf diese Art und Weise kann man erkennen, dass es sich in einer konkreten Situation um ein Fehlverhalten handelt.
In diesem Tutorium werden daher Normal- oder Sollzustände von OpenAFS-Fileservern beschrieben. Es werden einzelne Datenstrukturen dargestellt und am Beispiel der Callback-Verwaltung des Fileservers wird gezeigt, wie diese Datenstrukturen zur Laufzeit des Servers organisiert werden.
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Wang, Chengang. "Openness and economic growth." Thesis, Aston University, 2003. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10758/.
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The themes of this thesis are that international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) are closely related and that they have varying impacts on economic growth in countries at different stages of development. The thesis consists of three empirical studies. The first one examines the causal relationship between FDI and trade in China. The empirical study is based on a panel of bilateral data for China and 19 home countries/regions over the period 1984-98. The specific feature of the study is that econometric techniques designed specially for panel data are applied to test for unit roots and causality. The results indicate a virtuous procedure of development for China. The growth of China’s imports causes growth in inward FDI from a home country/region, which in turn causes the growth of exports from China to the home country/region. The growth of exports causes the growth of imports. This virtuous procedure is the result of China’s policy of opening to the outside world. China has been encouraging export-oriented FDI and reducing trade barriers. Such policy instruments should be further encouraged in order to enhance economic growth. In the second study, an extended gravity model is constructed to identify the main causes of recent trade growth in OECD countries. The specific features include (a) the explicit introduction of R&D and FDI as two important explanatory variables into an augmented gravity equation; (b) the adoption of a panel data approach, and (c) the careful treatment of endogeneity. The main findings are that the levels and similarities of market size, domestic R&D stock and inward FDI stock are positively related to the volume of bilateral trade, while the geographical distance, exchange rate and relative factor endowments, has a negative impact. These findings lend support to new trade, FDI and economic growth theories. The third study evaluates the impact of openness on growth in different country groups.
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Müller, Thomas. "OpenAFS: Debugging-Methoden und -Tools." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200201181.
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Unterlagen zu einem Vortrag im Rahmen des AFS-Workshops 2002 an der ETH Zürich.
Gegenstand der Vortrags sind Tools zum Debugging und zur Analyse des Verhaltens von AFS-Servern und -Clients. Die meisten dieser Tools sind im Source-Baum von OpenAFS enthalten, jedoch kaum dokumentiert.
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Blagden, David William. "Economic openness, power, and conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43d37f47-d369-4e16-a720-a89d1b5267a8.
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Economic integration between major powers has long been viewed as a force for international stability. The intuitive logic is appealing: states that are trading with and investing in each other stand to lose if that commerce is jeopardized by conflict. Yet there are sound reasons for supposing that such deepening economic integration can also shift the balance of power between major states, by causing follower economies – states that are not among the most developed in the international system – to grow faster than leading economies, and economic size and development are what underpin national material capabilities. Moreover, a rich body of theory and history suggests that such shifts in the balance of power make interstate war more likely. This dissertation argues, therefore, that economic integration can actually be a potent cause of security competition and war. A theoretical framework that unites economic theory on the differential growth impact of trade, financial flows, and technology diffusion with realist arguments on the conflict implications of polarity shifts and dynamic power differentials is constructed. It is then explored using evidence from three key historical cases: the rise of the Dutch Republic during the 1581-1648 period, the relative decline of the United Kingdom and the relative rise of other great powers between 1870 and 1914, and the differential growth rates and corresponding tensions of 1945-89. Certain scope conditions and qualifications notwithstanding, the empirical evidence supports the theoretical framework. As such, the argument that deepening economic integration raises the mutual cost of fighting and thereby makes conflict less likely is not directly refuted, but an important countervailing mechanism is found to be at work. Such a finding has implications for debates over the security implications of economic globalization, the foundations of realist theory, and the causes and potential consequences of the rise of new powers today.
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Cooke, Ana L. "Collaborating in Public: How Openess Shapes Global Warming Articles in Wikipedia." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1171.
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Prominent in its own right and also an exemplar of a growing trend of open collaborations, Wikipedia represents a shift in how the public seeks and participates in knowledge circulation around high-stakes issues. Wikipedians take up genres, they collaborate to represent “the facts” about public issues, and they do so in environments of ever-shifting texts and unstable rhetorical constraints. This dissertation takes a novel, diachronic approach to tracing these dynamics of textual uptake, genre enactment, collaboration, and instability. Specifically, I trace how the global warming-related articles in Wikipedia changed over time, particularly in the wake of the publication of the 2007 International Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. In doing so, I explore the epistemic and rhetorical implications of what happens when the public collaborates to construct “the truth” about high-stakes issues. I trace how Wikipedians enact genre in an unstable environment by analyzing how arguments unfold in Wikipedia talk pages, how the article text and citations change, as well as the larger network of global warming-related articles. This analysis yields several significant findings. In chapter 2, I find that Wikipedians’ arguments create boundaries around the discursive spheres that can be cited within different articles, which suggests the significance of arguments not only about the topic but about genre as a deliberative resource in networked discourse. In chapter 3, I find that editors’ work in enacting genre results in facts becoming more at issue, or destabilized, within articles through the course of 2007. This analysis suggests that arguments about genre, and the easy availability of circulating texts online, may challenge consensus about controversial issues. In chapter 4, I use argument and network analysis to trace both Article for Deletion discussions and also the larger ecosystem of articles about global warming. This analysis shows how the talk page and article editing practices that I trace in earlier chapters become sedimented within the site’s information architecture, shaping what Internet users may learn about the issue. In aggregate, this dissertation contributes to understanding not only how the openness that characterizes online collaborative environments shapes public discourse around controversy, but also the dynamics of public uptake and discussion of texts in the networked era.
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Bremseth, Morten. "Om implementering av frekvenshopping i OpenBTS." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16348.
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Denne Rapporten gir en forklaring på hva programvaredefinert radio er generelt. Den omtaler en konkret realisering ved hjelp av programvaren GNU Radio og den universale radioenheten USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral). GSM forklares slik at leseren får den nødvendige oversikten som trengs for å forstå resten av rapporten. Frekvenshopping forklares generelt og hvordan det er gjort i GSM. Det fremstilles en mulig realisering av frekvenshopping med USRP. Programvaren som benyttes for å opprette et GSM-nettverk presenteres. Programvaren som trengs er OpenBTS, GNU Radio og Asterisk. Den fysiske oppkoblingen av USRP når OpenBTS benyttes i programvare GSM blir forklart og hvilket testmiljø eksperimentene ble utført i beskrives. Delvis vellykkede resultater presenteres og rapporten konkluderer med at det skal være mulig å implementere frekvenshopping i OpenBTS med USRP som RF-maskinvare.
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Foster, Neil. "North-South trade, openness and growth." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12856/.
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It has long been thought that openness to international trade can be beneficial to a country in terms of growth, and that trade liberalisation can assist in enhancing countries growth rates. For a long time such arguments were based on static theories, in which trade raises the level of income, but not the long-run growth rate. Recently, models have emerged that show how countries can increase their long-run growth rates through trade. Trade can affect growth through a number of channels. For developing countries however, the primary benefit that trade provides is likely to be access to the technology of more advanced countries. This study examines various aspects of the relationship between openness to trade and economic growth in developing countries. The study concentrates on North-South trade, since it is expected that imports from the North enhance growth by allowing access to more advanced knowledge and technology. It is shown that trade with the North can benefit countries in the South in terms of higher growth, through the importation of Northern goods. Evidence is also found to suggest that trade has a role in transferring to the South the benefits of Research and Development (R&D) conducted in the North, although these results tend not to be robust. The second part of the study examines the impact of trade liberalisation on openness and growth. It is found that trade liberalisation has tended to lower openness to imports from the North, at least in the short-run. The results suggest the possibility of a J-curve effect whereby openness initially falls, but then recovers somewhat. In the long-run we may expect openness to rise following liberalisation, but this cannot be shown in our dataset. The relationship between liberalisation and growth is also found to follow a J-curve, with liberalisation initially leading to a reduction in growth, but in the long-run increasing growth in per capita income.
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Komiya, Noboru. "Development of the emotional openness scale /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953873.
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Syed, Sarfaraz Ali Shah. "Essays on monetary policy under openness." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12007/document.
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Malgré le consensus qui prévaut sur les effets de la politique monétaire, à court et moyen termes sur l’économie réelle, et à long terme sur l’inflation, le poids relatif des canaux de transmission de politique monétaire reste en débat. Aujourd’hui les derniers résultats de la littérature sur la politique monétaire et les évolutions importantes constatées dans la structure financière et économique des pays du monde, conduisent à de nouvelles idées et interrogations sur l’importance du rôle de la politique monétaire. L’ouverture croissante des économies nationales pose en effet de nouveaux défis aux mécanismes de transmission de politique monétaire existants. Cependant, les chercheurs ont encore peu exploité cette nouvelle dimension et la littérature actuelle n’explique qu’une partie de la relation mondialisation/inflation. Cette thèse vise à apporter une contribution à ce débat. En débutant par une analyse des mécanismes de transmission monétaire, des canaux et des décalages correspondants, nous développons un modèle théorique qui explique les évolutions et les défis de la politique monétaire dans un contexte de mondialisation. Nous utilisons ensuite une base de données concernant un large échantillon de pays pour calculer dans un premier temps la production potentielle et l’écart de production pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon. Puis, dans un second temps, à l’aide d’estimations en données de panel fondées sur une équation de la courbe de Philips, nous étudions les impacts de la mondialisation sur l’inflation pour l’ensemble des économies du panel mais aussi pour des sous-ensembles régionauxDespite the prevalent consensus on the short to medium-run effects of monetary policy shocks on the real economy and long-run effects on inflation; the relative importance of the channels of monetary transmission mechanism (MTM) still remains open to debate. In this regard, recent findings of the monetary literature and the important developments in the economic and financial structure of the economies on the whole invoke new insights and important questions on the relevancy of monetary policy. The new era of increased openness has also started posing new challenges to the existing monetary transmission mechanism and the policy effects thereof. However, this area has yet not been explored on merit by the researchers, and the existing literature explains only a small part of this globalization –inflation puzzle. Therefore, this thesis aims to make a contribution to this debate. Starting with the analysis of monetary transmission the corresponding channels and the lags we develop a theoretical model to explain the developments and challenges to the monetary policy in the current scenario of increased globalization. The succeeding section deals with the data of a large set of economies, where in the first instance we compute the potential output and subsequently the output gap for the whole sample. Going ahead we conduct panel estimation using Phillips curve equation for our sample to investigate the globalization impacts on the economies on the whole and in parts based on the regional and economic groups
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Kohout, Jaroslav. "Systém klient-server založený na OpenSSL." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217511.
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Aim of this diploma thesis is study of possibilities of OpenSSL extension in PHP environment and its implementation in securing client-server system example. This system will be use to store confidential data. Whole system will be exemplar of securing against scale of attacks leads to gain private data.
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Bertini, Michael Marin. "The impact of technology acceptance and openess to innovaion on software implementation." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2714.
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Senior management decisions to foster innovation and adopt new technology solutions have serious implications for the success of their organization change initiatives. This project examined the issue of senior management decision or reasons of their decision to adopt new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems as a solution to solve their business problems. This project investigated the degree that perceived ease of use and usefulness of the ERP system influenced decisions made by senior managers to innovate. Roger's diffusion of innovations theory and Davis technology acceptance model theory were used to predict when senior managers were open to innovation, and whether senior managers made decisions to adopt new technological innovations. Out of the 3,000 randomly selected senior managers of small to medium sized organizations in the United States who were invited via emails to participate, 154 completed the online survey. Binary logistic regression analysis on the collected data failed to produce statistically significant support for the claim that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and openness to innovation should impact the senior manager's decision to innovate. The conclusions of this study suggest further research may include a qualitative design to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying reasons, opinions and motivations on the emotive aspects of the decision-making process in the adoption of ERP software innovations. It also offers a positive social change to stakeholders who are potentially affected by technology innovation and adoption by providing empirically validated evidence for causes of senior management technology decisions.
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Leone, Matthew J. (Matthew Joseph). "The shape of openness : Bakhtin, Lawrence, laughter." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39750.
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How is Bakhtin's conception of novelistic openness distinct from modernist-dialectical irresolution or open-endedness? Is Women in Love a Bakhtinian "open totality"? How is dialogic openness (as opposed to modernist indeterminacy) a "form-shaping ideology" of comic interrogation?This study tests whether dialogism illuminates the shape of openness in Lawrence. As philosophers of potentiality, both Bakhtin and Lawrence explore the dialogic "between" as a state of being and a condition of meaningful fiction. Dialogism informs Women in Love. It achieves a polyphonic openness which Lawrence in his later fictions cannot sustain. Subsequently, univocal, simplifying organizations supervene. Dialogic process collapses into a stenographic report upon a completed dialogue, over which the travel writer, the poet or the messianic martyr preside.
Nevertheless, the old openness can be discerned in the ambivalent laughter of The Captain's Doll, St. Mawr or "The Man Who Loved Islands." In these retrospective variations on earlier themes, laughing openness of vision takes new, "unfinalizable" shapes.
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Camfield, David Alan. "The biological basis of openness to experience." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/49815.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Brain Sciences Institute, 2008.[A thesis submitted for the degree of] Doctor of Philosophy, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-272) and index.
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Mbogela, Cosmas Simon. "Trade openness : an African perspective : examining the determinants of trade openness and bilateral trade flows for the African countries." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11314.
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This research entails an empirical examination of the determinants of trade openness in Africa and the determinants of bilateral trade flows between Africa and the BRIC and OECD member countries. Besides, the study examines the impacts of trade openness on the economic growth in Africa. Before all this is done, the study surveys the updated empirical data on the African economy and trade to give a state of the art on the economic development processes in the African continent. Recognising the role of international trade in the global economic growth and considering the marginalisation of Africa in the world trade, this study highlighting important factors that are relevant for policy makers in the African countries to consider in order to boost-up their trade levels. It is also an attempt to empirically examine and provide explanations on the relatively lower trade levels that these countries have been experiencing ever since their political independence. The study has been done with panel data analysis methods in order to capture the relationships between the variables of interest over an extended time periods and disentangle the time invariant country specific effects that are very relevant particularly in examining bilateral trade flows. Econometric estimations of the coefficients for the regressors were made through the application of either random effects or fixed effects models, a selection of which is based on Hausman test. Where necessary the study has made use of instrumental variable estimation techniques like the 2SLS, Hausman Taylor and System GMM. Among others, this research contributes to the existing literature by examining the importance of private sector and the role of the ever- increasing mobile phone subscriptions in the African countries, in enhancing intra African bilateral trade flows. The facilitation of the private sector through provision of credits can enhance intra and inter African trade as well as boosting up the efforts to diversify African exports composition and export market destinations.
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Wang, Lars. "Degree of openness and the choice of exchange rate regimes a re-evaluation with value-added based openness measures /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11730120.
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Bastl, Marko. "An exploration of managers' openess and relationship transparency in a buyer-supplier relationship." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7274.
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The problem explored in this thesis falls under a broad topic of information sharing in a buyer-supplier relationship. Responding to the empirically underexplored state of extant literature on information sharing, this study aims to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence managers to engage in information sharing as an activity, as well as the factors influencing information sharing as an outcome and its consequences in a buyer-supplier relationship. In this way, this study acknowledges a conceptual separation between information sharing as an activity (i.e. a manager’s openness) and information sharing as an outcome (i.e. relationship transparency), and treats a manager as embedded in an external, wider interaction environment (e.g. buyer-supplier relationship).
The study adopts a qualitative, exploratory approach, utilising a case-based research strategy. The empirical study is based on a pilot and two main cases. The main interviews were carried out on the suppliers’ side of two buyer-supplier dyads. In total, the empirical work consisted of 45 semi-structured interviews with 32 managers.
Based on the empirical work, the thesis develops two models: the contingencies model, which captures the influencing factors of a manager’s openness and relationship transparency, and the consequences model, which captures the consequences of relationship transparency. In so doing, the thesis makes three primary theoretical contributions. First, captured in the contingencies model, it shows that a manager’s openness is influenced by the interplay of a number of individual-level factors, where managers’ trust and risk taking behaviours play a central role as well as through an external interaction environment. Second, the same model suggests that information quality alone is not enough to foster relationship transparency and that other factors, such as trustworthiness of information source and a recipient’s knowledge, should also be considered. Third, the thesis also identifies a number of consequences of relationship transparency, which are captured in the consequences model, and highlights the role of the external context an understanding of those consequences. In this way, the study marks a step forward towards increasing the understanding of information sharing as an activity and as an outcome, while considering an individual manager as part of a wider interaction environment.
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Bentahar, Younes. "DNS prestanda." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117626.
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Use of computers and computer networks is nowadays a part of everyday life. You do not use them only at home when you sit at you computer, but you can use them all the time everywhere. This can involve everything from surf to any website when you are at home, to checking your email on your mobile when you are on your way to work. Most people do not think about how it really works when they try to access a web page by typing the address into their browser, but something that most people probably notice is how long it can sometimes take to access a web page. All items which are directly connected to the IP network have a unique IP address that is used to make it possible to communicate. The IP address is either a period separated sequence of digits representing 32 bits or a colon separated sequence of digits representing 128 bits, depending on whether the address is an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Such numeric sequences are often difficult for us humans to remember therefore, the domain name system (DNS) was constructed. DNS makes it possible for us to write addresses in a textual format to access an item stored in a device connected to the network. DNS can be seen as a directory for the network and can be compared to a telephone directory, where if you know the name of a person can find his or her phone number. This thesis will describe how the various address translations are done by using DNS. It will also examine how much impact DNS has on the experienced delay from the time you type a web page address in the address bar of your browser to the actual time you reach the website. A survey of DNS performance will be presented to investigate how much delay can be reduced by using one of Sweden's two most well-known public DNS servers (Google Public DNS and OpenDNS) instead of the normal default DNS server provided by one's Internet service provider (ISP). The survey will also show how the DNS lookup waiting time changes at different times of day and different days of the week. The purpose of this work is to provide a basic explanation of what DNS is and increase the understanding of how an everyday user in a simple way can make their network usage more effective by getting their DNS lookups to occur faster. The conclusion from this thesis is that the alternative DNS server, Google Public DNS has the fastest DNS lookup time for this particular computer which the measurement was carried on. But this tells us nothing about whether the case for any other network users because the observed DNS performance has a large extent dependent on the ISP you are connected to, and what place you are at.Dator- och nätverksanvändandet är idag en del av vardagen. Användandet sker inte enbart när man sitter hemma, utan det kan ske hela tiden och överallt. Det kan handla om allt från att surfa in på någon webbsida när man är hemma, till att kolla sin e-post i mobilen när man är på väg till jobbet. De flesta funderar inte på hur det egentligen går till när man försöker ansluta till en webbsida genom att skriva in adressen i webbläsaren. Däremot något som de flesta nog lagt märke till är hur lång tid det ibland kan ta att komma åt någon webbsida. Alla objekt som är direkt uppkopplade till IP-nätverket, har en unik IP-adress som används för att kunna kommunicera med varandra. IP-adressen är antingen en punktskild sifferföljd som består av 32 bitar eller en semikolonskild sifferföljd som består av 128 bitar, beroende på om det är IPv4 eller IPv6. Denna sifferföljd är ofta svår för oss människor att komma ihåg och av den orsaken konstruerades domännamnsystemet (DNS) som tillåter oss att genom adresser i textformat komma åt det sökta objektet på nätverket. DNS kan ses som ett uppslagsverk för nätverket och kan liknas vid en telefonkatalog, där om man vet namnet på en person kan hitta dennes telefonnummer. I detta examensarbete kommer det att beskrivas hur olika adressöversättningar sker med hjälp av DNS. Det kommer även utredas hur stor påverkan DNS har på den upplevda fördröjningen från det att man skrivit in webbsidans adress i adressfältet i webbläsaren tills det att man faktiskt kommer fram till webbsidan. En undersökning av DNS prestandan kommer att presenteras som utreder hur mycket tid man kan tjäna på att använda någon av Sveriges två mest kända alternativa DNS-servrar (Google Public DNS och OpenDNS) istället för den normalt förinställda DNS-servern som fås av ens internetleverantör (ISP). Undersökningen kommer även visa hur DNS uppslagningarnas väntetid förändras vid olika tidpunkter på dygnet samt vid olika veckodagar. Syftet med detta arbete är att ge en grundläggande förklaring av vad DNS är för något samt att öka förståelsen för hur en vardaglig nätverksanvändare på ett enkelt sätt kan effektivisera sitt nätverksanvändande genom att få sina DNS uppslagningar att gå fortare. Slutsatsen från denna avhandling är att den alternativa DNS-servern Google Public DNS har snabbast DNS uppslagningstid för just denna dator som mätningarna genomförts på. Men detta säger oss ingenting om huruvida fallet är för andra nätverksanvändare eftersom den observerade DNS prestandan är till stor grad beroende av den ISP man är ansluten till samt vilken plats man befinner sig på.
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Lundgren, Anna. "The Openness Buzz : A Study of Openness in Planning, Politics and Political Decision-Making in Sweden from an Institutional Perspective." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214434.
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In today’s society of increased globalization and digitalization openness has become a buzzword. This raises questions about what we mean by openness and how it is interpreted in various contexts. This thesis has two aims; to explore how openness is interpreted in planning, politics and political decision-making, and to develop an analytical tool to assess openness in different contexts. A new institutional theory framework that centers on the interplay between institutions and actors has been used, and three empirical case studies in a Swedish context were conducted to analyze how openness is interpreted in planning in metropolitan regions, in politics through the political parties and in political decision-making in the Stockholm region. The research concludes that openness in planning, politics and political decision-making is interpreted along two inter-linked narrative lines: ’openness to people’ and ’openness to knowledge, information and ideas’. It was more common to talk about peoples’ accessibility to public services and participation in different parts of society (’openness to people’) than to talk about issues of transparency and ’openness to knowledge, information and ideas’. The institutional framework shows how openness is interpreted at different institutional levels. To what degree openness is expressed at different institutional levels vary by context. In planning for instance, openness is mainly interpreted in terms of governance, whereas in politics and political decision-making, openness is interpreted in an inter-play between culture and norms, institutions, governance and practice. The institutional framework complementary context-specific theories and elaborated into an analytical model, was found useful to explain what mechanisms are at play when dealing with openness in planning, politics and political decision-making, and can be applicable in future research of openness in other geographical or organizational contexts.QC 20170914
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Ramirez, Grajeda Mauricio. "Three essays on geographic consequences of trade openness." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157128468.
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Dufour, Julien, and Pierre-Etienne Son. "Open Innovation in SMEs: towards formalization of openness." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15567.
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Open innovation has been widely debated in management literature. However, little attention has been given to how small and medium sized enterprises manage to open up their innovation process. Consequently, various questions remain unanswered. In particular, we want to shed light on the following issue: how small and medium-sized enterprises manage organizational changes in their journey from closed to open innovation. A literature review examines how small and medium-sized enterprises open up their innovation process based on nine perspectives. Then, the reference framework addresses the organizational changes embedded in evolving from closed to open innovation. In this sense, we use acknowledged concepts on organizational change research to carry out an in depth-case study on a small and medium-sized enterprise evolving in the sports equipment industry. The results demonstrate that, in its journey from closed to open innovation, the small and medium-sized enterprise has had to stimulate and to manage changes to four company’s dimensions i.e. corporate culture, networking, organizational structure, and knowledge management systems. The paper concludes by highlighting the diverse organizational changes undertaken by the company on these four dimensions. Based on this paper’s conclusion, managerial implications and discussion for future research are drawn.
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Smith, Kevin R. "Linux, OpenBSD, and Talisker : a comparative complexity analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6016.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Security engineering requires a combination of features and assurance to provide confidence that security policy is correctly enforced. Rigorous engineering principles are applicable across a broad range of systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare three operating systems, including two general-purpose operating systems (Linux and OpenBSD) and a commercially available, embedded operating system (Talisker). The basis for the comparison considers secure software design principles, such as information hiding, hierarchical structuring, and modularity, as well as software complexity metrics, such as the McCabe Cyclomatic Complexity and the number-of-lines-of-code. In this analysis, we use a reverse engineering tool to show how the three operating systems compare to each other with respect to the qualities of a secure operating system design. The operating systems, their kernels, and their scheduling subsystems are analyzed and compared. From the results, it is shown that the OpenBSD operating system, kernel, and scheduler are the best when considering hierarchical structuring, modularity, and information hiding. The Linux kernel and scheduler and the Talisker operating system are least complex when considering the McCabe complexity and the number-of-lines-of-code.
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McVicar, Duncan. "Openness to trade, research and development and growth." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313119.
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Montalbano, Pierluigi. "Essays on trade openness and vulnerability to poverty." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65984/.
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This thesis focuses on the welfare costs of exposure to risk linked to openness to international trade. This is a prominent issue in international debate, whereas it is largely ignored by trade literature, both theoretical and empirical. Trade theory is mainly focused on the first moment of the above relationship, which is actually insufficient for welfare purposes when people are risk averse. Empirical evidence is mixed, scattered in separate fields of analysis, and does not reach a common stance. As a result, current literature fails to make a full assessment of the net welfare impact of an opening-up process. This work contributes to the above debate by proposing: • A comprehensive review of the literature on the "destabilising effects" of openness to international trade; • An empirical test on the significance and relevance of "precautionary saving" behaviour under risk, estimated from cross-country data; • A conceptualisation of vulnerability to poverty induced by trade openness; • A comprehensive analysis of vulnerability to poverty induced by trade liberalisation in Vietnam under Doi Moi,¹ by exploiting the available household living standard surveys for the period 1992-2008; • An extended version of Ligon and Schechter's (2003) measure of Vulnerability as low Expected Utility; • An empirical application of the adjusted VEU measure to "trade-induced vulnerability" using VHLSS panel data (2002-06) The work is divided into four essays as follows: 1. Review of the literature and conceptualisation (and misconceptions) of "trade induced vulnerability to poverty" (Essay 1); 2. A cross-country empirical test in the long-run behaviour of consumption under risk (Essay 2); 3. A cross-sectional empirical test of trade-induced vulnerability in Vietnam under Doi Moi (period 1992-2008) (Essay 3); 4. A panel empirical test of trade-induced vulnerability in Vietnam in the period 2002-06 (Essay 4). ¹"Doi Moi" (renovation) was a comprehensive process of reforms undertaken from the early 1990s by Vietnam characterised by a combination of liberalisation, stabilisation and structural reforms.
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Bouygues, Léonard. "Openness at Google : perspectives from theory and practice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72877.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73).
Open innovation was defined by Chesbrough (2003) as a development process that allows ideas to flow through the boundaries of the firm. However, while open innovation has been the focus of extensive research and discussions since its definition by Chesbrough in 2003, no consensus has been reached on a single meaning of the term. Starting from a publication by Rosenberg (2009) that defines openness at Google as the combination of open technology and open information, this paper draws on works and discussions on open innovation to assess Google's openness. While openness is often considered as a binary measure and a single dimension, it needs to be defined as a multi-dimensional concept measured on continuous scales. In this respect, Google's openness significantly varies depending on products and dimensions of openness. For instance, while Google is open with respect to promoting open-source and open standards, the company does not open source the majority of its products. While Google's selective openness has received heavy criticisms, we conclude that openness should be recognized as a strategy that allows the firm to generate profits, rather than serve altruistic goals.
by Léonard Bouygues.
S.M.
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Xu, Xiang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The openness within walls : reshaping the gated campus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111499.
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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-135).
Modern Chinese university campuses have traditionally been planned as walled enclosures, according to the danwei system (Bray, 2005). In 2016, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, jointly with the State Council, passed the "Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Urban and Planning Construction", which states that all existing gated compound units must be gradually planned with open boundaries. Taking this new policy into account, this thesis rethinks urban design strategies for campuses, which are commonly gated due to social, economic, and historical factors in metropolitan areas of China. This thesis investigates the relationship between university campus and city by examining a campus's design principles with the example of South China Normal University. After three decades of rapid urbanization, China has now entered a stage of urbanization where pre-planned walled urban enclosures do not provide adequate amenities within, and are too segregated from one another. Among gated communities, campuses have great potential and obligation to be transformed into open street blocks given their strategic locations, educational and entrepreneurial resources and facilities. This thesis questions the wall in two ways: 1) morphological analysis of walled cities where walls have been transformed and 2) an examination of architectures within the campus that interrogates the boundness. The proposal will utilize the strategy abstracted from these two studies into the setting of South China Normal University. This thesis is a composited research and design study of the policy, comparative examples, campus case study, concepts, tools and synthesis to use them. It begins from the gated community opening up policy as an opportunity to discuss the meaning of danwei mode's walls in the new stage of China's urbanization. Through a comparative study of walled enclosures and their approaches toward wall, this thesis also provides a broad review of the role of walls in the long process of urbanization. The following part conducts a case study of the university agglomeration in Guangzhou where danwei generally remains its original form based on its partition wall. Conceiving the danwei and residential compounds as a series of urban patchworks, this thesis establishes the concept of conduit, a framework of strategies that try to decompose, condense and diversify the mono-functional partition. Afterwards, several tools and strategies have been created to implement the concept based on aforementioned campus case study, literally transforming the wall. Figuratively, thesis demonstrates the way to use the tools and strategies by three syntheses based on the setting of South China Normal University. Eventually, the thesis summarizes the methods and procedures for academic campus units to transform their walls to accommodate new urban needs.
by Xiang Xu.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
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Manteli, Aikaterini. "Does Trade Openness cause Growth? : An Empirical Investigation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29258.
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This dissertation investigates the casual relationship between trade openness and economic growth in a sample of 87 countries (developing & developed) during the period 1970-2013. According to the previous literature, the openness-growth relationship seems to be relatively unclear and inconclusive, although the general tendency is that openness has a positive impact on economic growth. Our empirical results confirm this ambiguous relationship and provide evidence which vary across model specification. Regarding of the per capita income regression for all countries, trade openness has a positive but not a robust impact on income, as the coefficient of openness is positive but at the same time insignificant. As far as growth regression is concerned, it seems that there is a positive relationship between openness and growth for all countries. More specific, for developing countries trade openness has a negative effect on income per capita and a positive one on income growth. On the other hand, a negative relationship between openness and income per capita and income growth presented in our results for developed countries.
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Walther, Mireille, and Anja Hilbert. "Emotional openness in overweight and normal-weight adolescents." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-206041.
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Obesity is common in adolescence and associated with medical complications. As maladaptive emotional processing is assumed to influence obesity, this research investigated emotional openness (EO), a general model of emotional processing, in normal-weight versus overweight adolescents, with consideration of gender differences, in order to determine whether a particular EO profile is characteristic of overweight adolescents. This research also explored the psychometric characteristics of the Dimensions of Openness to Emotions Questionnaire (DOE-20), a comprehensive multifactorial instrument that assesses emotional processing. The DOE-20 and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) short form were completed by 160 adolescents (mean age: 14.36 ± 0.61 years), 39 of which were overweight. A multivariate analysis of variance showed no difference with respect to overweight status, but better ability to recognize and regulate emotions in boys than girls. The original five-factor structure of the DOE-20 was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis; however, internal consistency was modest. As this research did not replicate the EO profile previously found in obese adults, we discuss the adequacy of the DOE-20 to evaluate EO in adolescents as well as the ability of the construct of EO to assess emotional processing in obesity. Further research should examine the links between EO, problematic eating behaviors, and obesity.
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Walther, Mireille, and Anja Hilbert. "Emotional openness in overweight and normal-weight adolescents." Swiss journal of psychology (2014) 74, S. 29-36, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14808.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is common in adolescence and associated with medical complications. As maladaptive emotional processing is assumed to influence obesity, this research investigated emotional openness (EO), a general model of emotional processing, in normal-weight versus overweight adolescents, with consideration of gender differences, in order to determine whether a particular EO profile is characteristic of overweight adolescents. This research also explored the psychometric characteristics of the Dimensions of Openness to Emotions Questionnaire (DOE-20), a comprehensive multifactorial instrument that assesses emotional processing. The DOE-20 and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) short form were completed by 160 adolescents (mean age: 14.36 ± 0.61 years), 39 of which were overweight. A multivariate analysis of variance showed no difference with respect to overweight status, but better ability to recognize and regulate emotions in boys than girls. The original five-factor structure of the DOE-20 was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis; however, internal consistency was modest. As this research did not replicate the EO profile previously found in obese adults, we discuss the adequacy of the DOE-20 to evaluate EO in adolescents as well as the ability of the construct of EO to assess emotional processing in obesity. Further research should examine the links between EO, problematic eating behaviors, and obesity.
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Janeček, Pavel. "Aplikace pro generování PLC programů pomocí TIA Openness." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413268.
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This thesis focuses on creating an application that allows generation of PLC and HMI programs using TIA Openness. The application is programmed to separate logic from graphics, which is beneficial in case of a change of the visuals of the application. Generating programs is possible thanks to the XML transcription or by creating a configuration within the application guide. The generating is done by overwriting source XML files contained in the application library according to the selected configuration. The application was created with Framework Windows Forms in C#. A reference set of device modules has been created for PLC and HMI in the development environment of TIA Portal V15.1. The source XML files, on the basis of which the generating is carried out, were then obtained by exporting a reference set and placed into the application library. With a simulation tool Factory I/O and S-7 PLCSIM it was verified that the generated program is, thanks to the mapping of variables on pins of blocks, fully functional in manual mode. At the same time it was proved that it is possible to generate programs for different devices which signifies the versatile use of this application. The contribution of this work is the significant reduction of time when creating new PLC and HMI programs.
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Vogel, Pascal [Verfasser]. "Designing Openness-Infusing Socio-Technical Artifacts / Pascal Vogel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235243982/34.
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