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Journal articles on the topic 'Opening times'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Kapitan, Lynn. "Opening and Closing: Transitional Times in Art Therapy." Art Therapy 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2006.10129525.

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2

Donald, Merlin. "Tough times for dualists." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (June 1995): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038747.

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AbstractImages of mind marks a new era in human cognitive neuroscience. Despite the difficult conceptual problems associated with using group-averaged data and paired subtractions, human PET images converge well with existing data from other areas of cognitive neuroscience while opening up new theoretical and experimental possibilities. However, greater attention to individual differences might prove necessary in the study of culturally driven adaptations such as literacy.
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3

Dong, Huijian. "Asynchronous Signaling in Global Equity Markets：Based on Opening Times." International Business Research 10, no. 8 (July 14, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n8p173.

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This paper employs cointegration tests to identify the impacts of sequential opens of global equity market among the equity indices. We use the daily data of 31 major equity markets and explore the comovement relationship according to the sequence of the market open. This study also examines the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis to such comovement relationship. Our results indicate that the markets in Europe-Middle East, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, are less affected by the levels of earlier opens of other markets. After the end of 2007, the global equity market comovement pattern changed significantly, yet the interdependence of markets was not unanimously strengthened. The size of an equity market does not dictate its range and power of impact, as we find that a large size market can still be cointegrated with small size markets, while a small size market is almost always cointegrated with large size markets.
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4

Hinshelwood, D. D., J. R. Boller, R. J. Commisso, G. Cooperstein, R. A. Meger, J. M. Neri, P. F. Ottinger, and B. V. Weber. "Plasma Erosion Opening Switch Operation at Long Conduction Times." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 15, no. 5 (October 1987): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1987.4316754.

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5

Urbatsch, R. "Youthful hours: Shifting poll-opening times manipulates voter demographics." Research & Politics 4, no. 3 (July 2017): 205316801772059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168017720590.

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People vary in their preferred times of day for activity. Notably, as individuals age, their daily energy and attention typically peaks earlier in the day. When voting is permitted may then affect voters’ age distribution, even when holding constant the number of hours polls are open. Data from along the time-zone border in Kentucky, where poll-availability hours vary, supports this hypothesis: places where voting hours are later see higher turnout rates among younger voters and lower turnout rates among older voters. The one-hour delay in voting hours reduces older registrants’ turnout, and boosts younger registrants’, by roughly three percentage points.
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6

CZARNIGOWSKI, Jacek, Grzegorz BARAŃSKI, Mirosław WENDEKER, Mariusz DUK, and Tomasz ZYSKA. "Method to measure injector opening and closing lag times." Combustion Engines 144, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117119.

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The paper describes a method to measure injector opening and closing lag times based on measuring the vibration in the axis of movement of a valve. There are also some results of the studies on a plate injector. Analysing the measurements obtained, it is demonstrated that opening and closing lag times can be determined much more precisely by measuring vibration than by the method based on analysing gas pressure directly behind an injector. The authors have noted the greater repeatability of standard deviation expressed as the smaller standard deviation of the lag times specified and the easy application of this method for stand testing. Consequently, this method can determine these times in a simple and precise way.
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7

Robinson, P. J., and S. I. Rapoport. "Size selectivity of blood-brain barrier permeability at various times after osmotic opening." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): R459—R466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.3.r459.

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Recent experiments have shown that after osmotic opening the blood-brain barrier recloses more rapidly to larger than to smaller molecules. Quantitative theoretical analysis of blood-brain barrier permeability to different-sized molecules at different times after osmotic opening supports the concept of pore creation as a result of opening of tight junctions between endothelial cells. Experiments also suggest significant bulk water flow from capillaries into brain within 10 min after opening at an average rate of approximately 1.6 X 10(-4) cm3 X s-1 X g brain-1. A mathematical model of blood-brain barrier permeability based on the creation of pores, together with bulk fluid flow, is presented for both cylindrical pores and rectangular slits. Experimental data are compatible with pore radii of approximately 200 A or slit widths of approximately 220 A. Pore densities of approximately 1 pore per 200 microns 2 of membrane surface are calculated at 6 min after barrier opening, reducing slightly as the barrier recloses. Calculated bulk flow is reduced by an order of magnitude within 35 min of barrier opening and is a major factor in altered blood-brain barrier permeability. Size dependence of blood-brain barrier permeability following osmotic opening is shown to be incompatible with enhanced vesicular transport.
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8

Suryadarma, I. Gusti Putu, Widiastuti, Nur Kadarisman, and Wipsar Sunu Brams Dwandaru. "THE INCREASE OF STOMATA OPENING AREA IN CORN PLANT STIMULATED BY DUNDUBIA MANIFERA INSECT SOUND." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 5 (March 25, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i5.2019.377.

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This study aims i) to determine the effect of Dundubia manifera insect sound on the stomata opening area of corn plant (Zea Mays L.) at frequencies of (in Hz) 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, and 5000, and ii) to know the peak frequency that can optimize the stomata opening of the corn plant. The insect sound has been manipulated into peak frequencies and validated using Octave 4.2.1 software. The experiment uses one corn-field for the treatment and control plants. Sampling is taken three times, i.e.: 15 minutes before sound exposure, during sound exposure for 30 minutes, and 15 minutes after sound exposure. The stomata opening area is observed using a microscope by observing the output via NIS Elements Viewer program. The length and width of the stomata openings are measured using Image Raster 3.0 and the area of the stomata opening is calculated using the elliptic equation. This study shows that the stomata opening area when given sound exposure is larger than without sound exposure. The largest stomata opening area is obtained at a frequency of 3000 Hz, viz.: 93.7 µm².
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9

Bier, M., K. S. Kits, and J. G. Borst. "Relation between rise times and amplitudes of GABAergic postsynaptic currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1008.

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1. We recorded rise times and amplitudes of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in melanotropes of Xenopus laevis. Average rise times did not vary with amplitude, but the rise times of larger IPSCs were less variable. A simple linear one-step Markov model for channel opening following the binding of a transmitter molecule can quantitatively account for the average rise time and its coefficient of variation as a function of amplitude. Our results indicate that the observed variations in the rise times are not due to variations in transmitter concentrations, but result from stochastic variations in the opening of the receptor channels.
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10

Shields, Joshua M., and Christopher R. Webster. "Ground-layer response to group selection with legacy-tree retention in a managed northern hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-052.

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We examined the effects of group selection with legacy-tree retention on ground-layer or understory diversity and composition in an uneven-aged northern hardwood forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We sampled 20 reference plots in the surrounding forest matrix and 49 openings with radii of 0.5 (n = 16), 0.75 (n = 17), and 1.0 (n = 16) times mean canopy tree height (22 m). Resultant opening areas were 321 ± 16 (mean ± SEs), 697 ± 21, and 1256 ± 39 m2, respectively. Each opening contained a centrally located legacy tree. Two years after harvesting, ground-layer diversity was significantly higher in openings than on reference plots (p < 0.05) because of an influx of early seral, wetland, and weedy exotic species. The importance of aggressive ruderals (i.e., Carex ormostachya Wieg. and Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke) increased significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing opening area. Although the importance and cover of several late-seral species were lower in openings compared with the forest matrix, few species found in the matrix were wholly absent from the openings. These results suggest that ground-layer plant communities in managed northern hardwood forests may display a high degree of resilience to intermediate-intensity disturbances.
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11

Ibeas, Angel, Jose L. Moura, and Luigi dell'Olio. "Planning school transport: design of routes with flexible school opening times." Transportation Planning and Technology 32, no. 6 (December 2009): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060903374734.

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12

Barclay, Michael J., Terrence Hendershott, and Charles M. Jones. "Order Consolidation, Price Efficiency, and Extreme Liquidity Shocks." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 43, no. 1 (March 2008): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000002763.

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AbstractWe show that the consolidation of orders is important for producing efficient prices, especially during times of high liquidity demand. The NYSE's centralized opening call market performs better than Nasdaq's decentralized opening process on typical trading days. The NYSE is much better than Nasdaq on witching days when index arbitrage activity subjects S&P 500 stocks to large, predictable, and mostly informationlessorder flow around quarterly futures contract expirations. Nasdaq opening price efficiency improves to NYSE levels once Nasdaq initiates a consolidated opening call in November 2004, but prices on the decentralized Nasdaq remain less efficient at other times of day.
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13

Chandra, Rashmi, C. Frank Starmer, and Augustus O. Grant. "Multiple effects of KPQ deletion mutation on gating of human cardiac Na+ channels expressed in mammalian cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): H1643—H1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.5.h1643.

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Several aspects of the effect of the KPQ deletion mutation on Na+ channel gating remain unresolved. We have analyzed the kinetics of the early and late currents by recording whole cell and single-channel currents in a human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line (HEK293) expressing wild-type and KPQ deletion mutation in cardiac Na+ channels. The rate of inactivation increased three- to fivefold between −40 and −80 mV in the mutant channel. The rate of recovery from inactivation was increased twofold. Two modes of gating accounted for the late current: 1) isolated brief openings with open times that were weakly voltage dependent and the same as the initial transient and 2) bursts of opening with highly voltage-dependent prolonged open times. Latency to first opening was accelerated, suggesting an acceleration of the rate of activation. The ΔKPQ mutation has multiple effects on activation and inactivation. The aggregate effects may account for the increased susceptibility to arrhythmias.
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14

SMITH, DAVID G., HSUAN-CHING HO, and FUMIHITO TASHIRO. "Eels of the genus Bathyuroconger in the northwestern Pacific, with descriptions of four new species (Anguilliformes: Congridae)." Zootaxa 4454, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.13.

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Examination of the congrid genus Bathyuroconger in the northwestern Pacific reveals six species are present. Bathyuroconger albus sp. nov. differs from congeners in having a pale coloration, a moderately reduced gill opening that is close to but not touching the pectoral-fin base, trunk length 2.0–2.9 times HL, preanal vertebrae 45–54, preanal lateral-line pores 42–48. Bathyuroconger dolichosomus sp. nov. has a moderately reduced gill opening that is close to but not touching the pectoral-fin base, trunk length 3.2 times HL, preanal vertebrae 63, and preanal lateral-line pores 61. Bathyuroconger fowleri sp. nov. has a small gill opening distant from the pectoral-fin base, trunk length 1.7–2.1 times head length, dorsal-fin origin over middle of pectoral fin, predorsal vertebrae 10–14, preanal vertebrae 48–52, total vertebrae 173–178. Bathyuroconger hawaiiensis sp. nov. has a slightly reduced gill opening, separated from the pectoral-fin base, dark color, total vertebrae 201–210. Bathyuroconger parvibranchialis (Fowler, 1934), redescribed herein, has a small gill opening distant from the pectoral-fin base, dorsal-fin origin over base of pectoral fin, trunk length 1.4–1.7 times in HL, preanal vertebrae 43–48, total vertebrae 181–189, and a uniformly dark color in adults. Bathyuroconger cf. vicinus has a full-size gill opening in contact with pectoral-fin base, dark color, and total vertebrae 196–201. A key to the species in the northwestern Pacific is provided.
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15

Boys, Craig A., and Bruce Pease. "Opening the floodgates to the recovery of nektonic assemblages in a temperate coastal wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 6 (2017): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15445.

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Tidally active wetlands are important nurseries for fish and crustaceans; however, urban development involving structural flood mitigation has fragmented and destroyed much of this habitat, often leading to losses in fisheries productivity. The present study demonstrated that some of these impacts may be reversible if rehabilitation projects are implemented over a sufficiently long time. The incremental opening of eight floodgates at a temperate coastal wetland in Australia afforded the opportunity to monitor water quality and nekton assemblages in a tidal creek over 11 years, encompassing pre-floodgate opening, opening of one gate, three gates and finally all eight gates. Floodgate opening enhanced both water quality and nektonic assemblages relative to a control creek whose barrier remained in place. A doubling in species richness occurred and many commercially important species increased in abundance, including Metapenaeus macleayi (15 times more), Acanthopagrus australis (62 times more), Liza argentea (10 times more) and Gerres subfasciatus (19 times more). Recovery to a condition similar to unrestricted reference creeks was achieved once all eight gates were opened. The study illustrated that reinstating tidal flushing can recover nursery habitats and enhance populations of economically valuable species.
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16

Cimmarusti, Gabriele M., Abhishek Shastry, Matthieu N. Boone, Veerle Cnudde, Karl Braeckman, Anju D. M. Brooker, Eric S. J. Robles, and Melanie M. Britton. "Characterization of Open-Cell Sponges via Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Tomography." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092187.

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The applications of polymeric sponges are varied, ranging from cleaning and filtration to medical applications. The specific properties of polymeric foams, such as pore size and connectivity, are dependent on their constituent materials and production methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) offer complementary information about the structure and properties of porous media. In this study, we employed MRI, in combination with µCT, to characterize the structure of polymeric open-cell foam, and to determine how it changes upon compression, µCT was used to identify the morphology of the pores within sponge plugs, extracted from polyurethane open-cell sponges. MRI T2 relaxation maps and bulk T2 relaxation times measurements were performed for 7° dH water contained within the same polyurethane foams used for µCT. Magnetic resonance and µCT measurements were conducted on both uncompressed and 60% compressed sponge plugs. Compression was achieved using a graduated sample holder with plunger. A relationship between the average T2 relaxation time and maximum opening was observed, where smaller maximum openings were found to have a shorter T2 relaxation times. It was also found that upon compression, the average maximum opening of pores decreased. Average pore size ranges of 375–632 ± 1 µm, for uncompressed plugs, and 301–473 ± 1 µm, for compressed plugs, were observed. By determining maximum opening values and T2 relaxation times, it was observed that the pore structure varies between sponges within the same production batch, as well as even with a single sponge.
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17

Herrera, A., M. Martinez-Madrid, J. Horta, and V. M. Castaño. "Effect of Solidification Times on Crack Opening Displacement of Aluminium Alloy Castings." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 18, no. 6 (January 11, 2003): 979–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/amp-120025083.

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18

Herrera, A., M. Martinez-Madrid, J. Horta, and V. M. Castaño. "Effect of Solidification Times on Crack Opening Displacement of Aluminum Alloy Castings." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105994903100277193.

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19

Son, Jong-Yeong, Young-Hoon Bae, Young-Chan Kim, Ryun-Seok Oh, Won-Hwa Hong, and Jun-Ho Choi. "Consideration of the Door Opening Process in Pedestrian Flow: Experiments on Door Opening Direction, Door Handle Type, and Limited Visibility." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208453.

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The door is a section prone to bottlenecks and is an important element in the study of pedestrian flow. Therefore, characteristics of doors (e.g., width, location, and the distance between doors) have been taken into consideration in the existing literature related to doors. According to several previous studies, it appears likely that the door opening process (DOP) influences pedestrian flow. However, the number of studies examining the DOP remains small. Therefore, to enhance understanding of pedestrian flow, we examined two door characteristics that could affect the DOP (opening direction (swing door: push or pull) and handle type (knob, lever, and panic bar)) and limited visibility. We conducted a walking experiment to take all variables (10 cases; 10 participants per case) into account. Statistical analysis was performed on the difference in movement times, and the results were as follows: (1) inclusion of the DOP affected pedestrian flow; (2) when visibility was limited, movement times with DOP inclusion increased significantly regardless of the door opening direction and handle type; (3) when the door opening direction was ‘push’, regardless of limited visibility and door handle type, movement times with DOP inclusion were significantly lower; and (4) the door handle type did not result in any significant difference in movement times with DOP inclusion. In addition, we calculated the delay time based on the experiment results, to include the DOP in pedestrian flow (push 1.96–2.88 s, pull 3.91–4.43 s; limited visibility: push 7.38–12.56 s, and pull 12.88–16.35 s). The results of this study could be used as basic data for the development of codes/regulations, engineering guidance, and egress models for doors.
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20

Wernli, Markus, and Britta Boyer. "‘Breathful’ design in breathless times." Strategic Design Research Journal 14, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2021.141.15.

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This position paper seeks to address the operational logic that created the conditions for the pandemic to take hold. Grasping the crisis as an opportunity for an anthropological inquiry across disciplines, this exploration firmly anchors design inside the social commitment required by breathing bodies and life-enabling atmospheres. By infusing the self-understanding of design with experiences and conceptions from Eastern and Western ‘breathwork’ practices the adaptation strategy in uncertainty shifts from perpetuating the status quo towards the creative reinterpretation of internal priorities. It also changes the nature of our projects, from making to enacting, from preprogrammed solutions to earthly engagement, from interfacing with inert matter to caring for living matters. Taking our universally shared breath as the resounding call for action, ‘breathful’ design is about the never-finished, perpetually opening task of persisting through bodily vigilance, diligence, and self-critical forsight for ‘knowing what to do when no one knows what to do’.
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21

Zhang, Jiajia, Xingliang Tian, Jie Li, and Dong Yan. "A Novel Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Based on Double-Ring Core for Power Line Energy Harvesting." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 16 (July 31, 2020): 2050265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502655.

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A novel electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) based on double-ring core for power line energy harvesting is proposed in this paper. Due to large magnetic reluctance caused by the inherent air gap at the opening of core, the magnetic flux leakage in magnetic core severely limits the output power of EMEH. A double-ring core with lower magnetic flux leakage is developed. The internal magnetic reluctance of the double-ring core is reduced by changing the distribution of the air gap with a fixed volume. The simulation results show that the double-ring core can produce the highest average magnetic induction, which is 2.42 times, 1.82 times and 1.7 times that of the single-ring opening, stepped opening and V-shaped opening, respectively. In order to improve the output performance of the EMEH, the resonance matching is used for the power management. The power management unit through the resonant matching can increase the acquisition efficiency by 2.23 times and achieve a maximum output power of 32.78[Formula: see text]mW at a 10[Formula: see text]A current across the power line. The EMEH can drive a low-power wireless node operating for 29[Formula: see text]min. A valuable solution is provided for high-efficiency self-powered systems in smart applications.
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22

Hazay, Mate, Bernadett Bakos, Peter Jozsef Toth, Andras Buki, and Imre Bojtar. "OPTIMIZATION OF DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 18 (October 23, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2018.18.0006.

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Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) is a neurosurgical procedure which is often applied to decrease the intracranial pressure (ICP), even if its optimal execution in terms of the size and location of the skull opening is not known. The current research focuses on DC from a biomechanical perspective. A finite element (FE) modelling strategy is applied where patient-specific head models are developed. These numerical models are used to perform virtual experiments where DC is simulated several times with skull openings having different size and location. During the simulations ICP, stress and strain distributions in the brain tissue are monitored in the function of the skull opening details. In the knowledge of these objective functions suggestions could be made regarding the applied optimization procedure which can lead to the identification of optimal DC scenarios in the future.
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Silva, Ana Rebeca Pires da, Fabio Jacobs Dias, João Paulo Ferreira Rufino, Ewerton de Souza Tanaka, and Maycom Marinho Lopes. "Effect of using inoculant on elephant grass silage with additives." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 42 (June 8, 2020): e50533. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.50533.

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This study aimed to evaluate the use of inoculant on silage of elephant grass, wet brewery waste and buriti meal at different silo opening times. The experimental silage tested was composed of 50% elephant grass, 30% wet brewery waste, and 20% buriti meal. The experimental design was randomized block in a factorial arrangement (2 x 4), where the treatments consisted of the use or not of inoculant during silage processing, and four silo opening times (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Data collected were firstly subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The use of inoculant in silage production provided more acidic pH (p < 0.05) and higher (p < 0.05) effluent losses. Longer silo opening times resulted in more alkaline pH (p < 0.05) and higher (p < 0.05) effluent losses. The use of inoculant in silage production and longer silo opening times provided higher (p < 0.05) content of ash, crude protein, and fats, and lower (p < 0.05) content of dry matter and fiber (neutral and acid detergent). However, there was no interaction between the factors evaluated in this study. It was concluded that the inoculant may be used in the production of elephant grass silages, wet brewery waste, and buriti meal, providing a more acidic pH, higher effluent losses, lower contents of dry matter and fiber, and higher nutritional content. As the opening time was extended up to 28 days, there was more alkaline pH, higher effluent losses, lower dry matter and fiber content, and higher nutritional content.
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Timmann, D., S. Watts, and J. Hore. "Failure of Cerebellar Patients to Time Finger Opening Precisely Causes Ball High-Low Inaccuracy in Overarm Throws." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.103.

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We investigated the idea that the cerebellum is required for precise timing of fast skilled arm movements by studying one situation where timing precision is required, namely finger opening in overarm throwing. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that in overarm throws made by cerebellar patients, ball high-low inaccuracy is due to disordered timing of finger opening. Six cerebellar patients and six matched control subjects were instructed to throw tennis balls at three different speeds from a seated position while angular positions in three dimensions of five arm segments were recorded at 1,000 Hz with the search-coil technique. Cerebellar patients threw more slowly than controls, were markedly less accurate, had more variable hand trajectories, and showed increased variability in the timing, amplitude, and velocity of finger opening. Ball high-low inaccuracy was not related to variability in the height or direction of the hand trajectory or to variability in finger amplitude or velocity. Instead, the cause was variable timing of finger opening and thereby ball release occurring on a flattened arc hand trajectory. The ranges of finger opening times and ball release times (timing windows) for 95% of the throws were on average four to five times longer for cerebellar patients; e.g., across subjects mean ball release timing windows for throws made under the medium-speed instruction were 11 ms for controls and 55 ms for cerebellar patients. This increased timing variability could not be explained by disorder in control of force at the fingers. Because finger opening in throwing is likely controlled by a central command, the results implicate the cerebellum in timing the central command that initiates finger opening in this fast skilled multijoint arm movement.
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Reginato, Rosane, Sergio Luis Amantea, and Rita Krumenauer. "Pressure gradient and inspiratory times required for valve opening of various holding chambers." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2011.32.3421.

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26

Walker, S. H. "Are limited opening times really to blame for men's underuse of healthcare services?" BMJ 344, jan04 3 (January 4, 2011): d8214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d8214.

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27

Rheinheimer, Vanessa, Marco Andre Argenta, Roberto C. A. Pinto, Henriette L. La Rovere, and Glicerio Triches. "The effect of subbase type on opening times for fast-track concrete pavements." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 11, no. 3 (June 2010): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298430902902971.

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28

Gombler, W., and H. Willner. "A method for opening and resealing glass ampoules several times under sustained vacuum." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 10 (October 1987): 1286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/10/032.

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Hassin, Refael, and Yana Kleiner. "Equilibrium and optimal arrival patterns to a server with opening and closing times." IIE Transactions 43, no. 3 (December 30, 2010): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408171003792449.

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30

Berry, G. J., and R. L. Rothwell. "Snow ablation in small forest openings in southwest Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-176.

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Snow ablation in circular forest openings 0, 1,3, and 5 H in diameter (where H is the average height of adjacent uncut trees (21 m)) was measured in early to mid-April, using snow pans with perforated false bottoms to allow measurement of melt and evaporation. Snowmelt accounted for 70 to 90% of total ablation. Evaporation was small, primarily because meteorological conditions were not favourable. Ablation rates were lower in the 1 H opening than in the 0, 3, and 5 H openings. The 1 H openings were colder because net radiation in the uncut forest and larger openings was 3 to 4 times greater. Wind speeds in the larger openings were 7 times greater than in the 0 and 1 H openings. Daily snowmelt rates in 0 and 1 H openings varied from 0 to 5 mm/day compared with 7 to 20 mm/day in 3 and 5 H openings. Meteorological data indicated that snow ablation was affected by advective energy transfer within openings and between the openings and surrounding forest. Ambient weather suggested that conditions favourable for advection occurred 24 to 53% of the daylight hours during the study period, and that advection was more important in the larger openings.
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McLean, Adrienne R., Jessica Barber, Gale Bravener, Andrew M. Rous, and Robert L. McLaughlin. "Understanding low success trapping invasive sea lampreys: an entry-level analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 12 (December 2015): 1876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0140.

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Invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes are the target of binational control. Trapping of adults could be used for control if trap success was higher. At a hydro-generating station on the St. Marys River, we tested whether the probability of trap entry is low (0.2–0.3) because (i) lampreys spend insufficient time near traps to find and enter the trap, (ii) high discharge at trap sites makes attractant flow from traps difficult to detect or trap openings difficult to reach, and (iii) conspecifics impede trap entry. Discharge at the site was manipulated nightly, and the behaviour of lampreys at trap openings was video-recorded. Odds of a lamprey reaching a trap opening and entering the trap were 3.4 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, with every second spent at a trap. The probability of reaching a trap was not lower on nights when discharge was high or when conspecifics were present at the trap opening. Improved trap entry will require manipulation of stimuli other than discharge that affect the time spent at traps.
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Guimarães, Cíntia Gonçalves, Caroline Salezzi Bonfá, Antônio Ricardo Evangelista, Alexandre Soares dos Santos, Lílian De Araújo Pantoja, and Gustavo Henrique De Frias Castro. "Fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silages with macaúba cake." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 40, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 42523. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.42523.

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The elephant grass presents problems during the fermentation of the ensiled material, being necessary use of additives. This study aimed to evaluate the population of yeast and filamentous fungi, enterobacterias, contents of acetic and butyric acids and ethanol production, in elephant grass silages added with different levels of macaúba cake at opening times. This was a 3 x 6 factorial completely randomized experimental design, with three inclusion levels of the macaúba cake (0, 10 and 20%) and six opening times (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after ensiling), with four replications. For all the studied variables, there was a difference in the interaction among levels and times, and an increasing linear behavior only for the contents of acetic acid, for the other variables, the behavior was quadratic. The elephant grass silages produced acetic acid, which in turn inhibited the production of yeast and filamentous fungi. There was a small development of enterobacterias only in the first opening times, and low production of butyric acid and ethanol, which indicated a material with good fermentative characteristics. The macaúba cake contributed to improve the anaerobic fermentation process, but it was not as expressive for the parameters evaluated in this work.
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Tsutsumi, O., A. Tsutsumi, and T. Oka. "A possible physiological role of milk epidermal growth factor in neonatal eyelid opening." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): R376—R379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.2.r376.

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The eyelid opening of newborn mice occurs normally on day 13.9 +/- 1.8 after birth. When newborn mice were injected with anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF) antibody every other day starting on day 1 after birth, the eyelid opening was delayed by approximately 3 days. The effect of anti-EGF became less prominent as the treatment was started at later times: when it was given from day 7, no delay in eyelid opening was observed. On the other hand, eyelid opening was enhanced by approximately 3 days by EGF injection given on day 3 for every other day. This effect of EGF was antagonized by simultaneous administration of the anti-EGF antibody. EGF was present at a concentration of 6.6 ng/ml in the plasma of 1-wk-old pups nursed by their mother, but it was not detectable (less than 0.1 ng/ml) in the plasma of 3-wk-old weaned pups. EGF concentration in the submandibular glands, however, was 17 times greater in 3- than in 1-wk-old pups, i.e., 4.66 and 0.28 ng/mg of wet tissue, respectively. These results suggest that milk EGF may play a physiological role in eyelid opening during the neonatal period.
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Levinson, Herbert S., Ingrid B. Potts, Douglas W. Harwood, Jerome Gluck, and Darren J. Torbic. "Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1912, no. 1 (January 2005): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191200109.

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Many state and local transportation agencies install nontraversable medians on multilane highways to improve safety and travel times and to manage local access better. While nontraversable medians restrict direct left-turn access to and from adjacent developments, traffic destined for these locations must use alternate routes, some of which may involve making U-turns at nearby median openings–-a movement often referred to as an indirect left turn. Until recently, the safety effects of increased U-turn volumes have been largely unknown. NCHRP Project 17–21, Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings, documented the safety performance and operational effects of U-turns at median openings. This paper presents the key findings from that research. It presents a summary of key literature and current highway agency practice related to median openings, a detailed classification scheme for median openings, and a summary of the results of comprehensive field studies. The research results indicate that access management strategies that increase U-turn volumes at unsignalized median openings can be used safely and effectively. Analysis of accident data found that accidents related to U-turn and left-turn maneuvers at unsignalized median openings occur infrequently. In urban arterial corridors, unsignalized median openings experienced an average of 0.41 U-turn-plus-left-turn accidents per median opening per year. In rural arterial corridors, unsignalized median openings experienced an average of 0.20 U-turn-plus-left-turn accidents per median opening per year. On the basis of these limited accident frequencies, there is no indication that U-turns at unsignalized median openings are a major safety concern.
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35

Cantrell, Meredith B., Warren M. Grill, and Stephen M. Klein. "Computer-based Finite Element Modeling of Insulated Tuohy Needles Used in Regional Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 110, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181a16275.

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Background Differences in needle design may impact nerve localization. This study evaluates the electrical properties of two insulated Tuohy needles using computational finite element modeling. Methods Three-dimensional geometric computer-based models were created representing two 18-gauge, insulated Tuohy needles: (1) with an exposed metal tip and (2) with an insulated tip. The models were projected in simulated human tissue. Using finite element methodology, distributions of current-density were calculated. Voltages in the modeled medium were calculated, and activation patterns of a model nerve fiber around the tip of each needle were estimated using the activating function. Results Maximum current density on the exposed-tip needle occurred along the edge of the distal tip; the distal edge was 1.7 times larger than the side edges and 3.5 times larger than the proximal edge. Conversely, maximum current density occurred along the proximal edge of the insulated-tip Tuohy opening; the proximal edge was 1.9 times larger than the side edges of the opening and 3.5 times larger than the distal edge of the opening. Voltages generated by the exposed-tip needle were larger and had a wider spatial distribution than that of the insulated-tip needle, which restricted to the area immediately adjacent to the opening. Different changes in threshold were predicted to excite a nerve fiber as the needles were rotated or advanced toward the modeled nerve. Conclusions The needles displayed different asymmetric distributions of current density and positional effects on threshold. If this analysis is validated clinically, it may prove useful in testing stimulating needles before clinical application.
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Grissom, Jason A., and Lara Condon. "Leading Schools and Districts in Times of Crisis." Educational Researcher 50, no. 5 (June 2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x211023112.

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The COVID-19 school closures highlighted the importance of crisis management for school and district leaders. Crisis management, however, has not received sufficient attention from school leadership preparation programs or education leadership researchers. This article synthesizes research spanning schools and other organizations, including those in the private sector, to describe a framework for understanding crises and crisis management in schools and districts and the key competences this literature suggests for successful navigation of crisis situations. We use this framework to discuss leaders’ responses to the COVID-19 school closures in spring 2020. We conclude with an argument for more consciously incorporating crisis management training into both preservice and in-service preparation and support for education leaders and for opening new lines of inquiry into crisis leadership at the school and district levels.
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Presson, R. G., O. Okada, C. C. Hanger, P. S. Godbey, J. A. Graham, R. W. Glenny, R. L. Capen, and W. W. Wagner. "Stability of alveolar capillary opening pressures." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1630.

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Little is known about the stability of the process by which pulmonary capillaries open. To investigate this process, pulmonary capillary perfusion patterns in isolated pump-perfused canine lobes were studied using video microscopy. After pump flow was set to perfuse one-half of the capillaries, the pump was turned off and all of the capillaries emptied. Turning the pump back on reopened the capillaries. The on-off cycle was repeated six times. If the same capillaries were perfused during each observation, it would demonstrate that there were stable and significant differences between individual capillary opening pressures, causing consistent recruitment of those capillaries with the lowest opening pressures. Alternatively, variable perfusion patterns would result if capillary opening pressures changed between observations, if the differences in opening pressures between capillary segments were negligible, or if experimental conditions changed between cycles. The perfusion pattern was more reproducible than expected by chance alone, which indicated the existence of stable differences among alveolar capillary opening pressures.
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38

Wise, J. "NHS exceeds targets on MRSA, waiting times, and GP opening hours, says annual report." BMJ 338, may26 1 (May 26, 2009): b2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2114.

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39

Sadler, Kirsten, Mark Selkrig, and Catherine Manathunga. "Teaching is … opening up spaces to explore academic work in fluid and volatile times." Higher Education Research & Development 36, no. 1 (May 2016): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1171299.

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40

Ren, Yi, Yike Gao, and Qixiang Zhang. "Morning and evening alarm of the circadian clock for flower opening times in Hemerocallis." Plant Science 311 (October 2021): 110992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110992.

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41

Ermakov, A. Yu, V. V. Senkus, Duc Thang Pham, Val V. Sencus, N. I. Abramkin, and E. A. Ermakov. "Combined Mining Technologies for Coal Deposits (Review)." Mining Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 230–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2019-4-230-250.

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The paper discusses the main disadvantages of strip and underground mining methods and possibilities of eliminating the disadvantages through introducing a combined technology of coal deposit mining. Combined coal mining technology is the method comprising elements of several geotechnologies, for example, underground and strip mining, as well as, possibly, underwater mining, borehole and other techniques of deposit mining. The combined coal mining technology provides for unified layout for opening, development, production and processing of reserves for the whole LoM on the basis of general technological solutions made in advance. Such complex solutions for opening and development of deposit reserves within the opencast and underground mining contour allows minimizing the volume of openings and reducing the time for commissioning, investment costs, as well as decreasing the costs for aerage, drainage, rock mass hauling and land reclamation. Substantiation of deposit opening options should comprehensively take into account technical, organizational, and economic factors [34–37]. Analysis of the options as exemplified by the Makar’evskoe coal deposit development in Kuzbass allows to conclude that the combined method is promising and promotes increasing optimal volumes of coal production, while reducing the deposit development time by about 15 %, and increase the net present value compared to underground and opencast mining options more than 5 times.
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42

Kim, H. Jamie, and Elyssia S. Gallagher. "Achieving multiple hydrogen/deuterium exchange timepoints of carbohydrate hydroxyls using theta-electrospray emitters." Analyst 145, no. 8 (2020): 3056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00135j.

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43

Hashemizadeh, Seyed Abdolreza, and Leila Shahryari. "Micro-Modeling Brick Walls with Reinforced Openings by a Layer of Shotcrete." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n4p103.

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In this paper, the numerical and experimental results related to masonry walls with and without reinforcing cover layer of reinforced concrete (shotcrete) have been validated. Then, by numerical modeling and reviewing and conducting parametric studies on brick walls, the effect of the parameters affecting the behavior of these walls has been investigated. We found that the studied unreinforced masonry walls with 4 times increased in vertical stress improved the maximum strength of the sample by 2.15 times. Pod and layer of shotcrete significantly increased the lateral capacity and formability of brick walls. In samples with opening because of opening in reinforced or non-reinforced samples with shotcrete, the final capacity of samples was reduced and failure mode is changed.
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44

Fullard, L. A., E. C. P. Breard, C. E. Davies, A. J. R. Godfrey, M. Fukuoka, A. Wade, J. Dufek, and G. Lube. "The dynamics of granular flow from a silo with two symmetric openings." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2221 (January 2019): 20180462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0462.

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The dynamics of granular flow in a rectangular silo with two symmetrically placed exit openings is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV), flow rate measurements and discrete element modelling (DEM). The flow of mustard seeds in a Perspex silo is recorded using a high-speed camera and the resulting image frames are analysed using PIV to obtain velocity, velocity divergence and shear rate plots. A change in flow structure is observed as the distance L between the two openings is varied. The mass flow rate is shown to be at a maximum at zero opening separation, decreasing as L is increased; it then reaches a minimum before rising to an equilibrium rate close to two times that of an isolated (non-interacting) opening. The flow rate experiment is repeated using amaranth and screened sand and similar behaviour is observed. Although this result is in contrast with some recent DEM and physical experiments in silo systems, this effect has been reported in an analogous system: the evacuation of pedestrians from a room through two doors. Our experimental results are replicated using DEM and we show that inter-particle friction controls the flow rate behaviour and explains the discrepancies in the literature results.
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45

Gaver, D. P., R. W. Samsel, and J. Solway. "Effects of surface tension and viscosity on airway reopening." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.1.74.

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We studied airway opening in a benchtop model intended to mimic bronchial walls held in apposition by airway lining fluid. We measured the relationship between the airway opening velocity (U) and the applied airway opening pressure in thin-walled polyethylene tubes of different radii (R) using lining fluids of different surface tensions (gamma) and viscosities (mu). Axial wall tension (T) was applied to modify the apparent wall compliance characteristics, and the lining film thickness (H) was varied. Increasing mu or gamma or decreasing R or T led to an increase in the airway opening pressures. The effect of H depended on T: when T was small, opening pressures increased slightly as H was decreased; when T was large, opening pressure was independent of H. Using dimensional analysis, we found that the relative importance of viscous and surface tension forces depends on the capillary number (Ca = microU/gamma). When Ca is small, the opening pressure is approximately 8 gamma/R and acts as an apparent “yield pressure” that must be exceeded before airway opening can begin. When Ca is large (Ca greater than 0.5), viscous forces add appreciably to the overall opening pressures. Based on these results, predictions of airway opening times suggest that airway closure can persist through a considerable portion of inspiration when lining fluid viscosity or surface tension are elevated.
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46

Bradley, J. C., and T. Durst. "Base-catalyzed ring openings of benzocyclobutenones and -ols." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-205.

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The base-catalyzed ring opening of a number of isomeric E-and Z-benzylidenebenzocyclobutenones and -ols has been studied in both protic and aprotic solvents. Cleavage of the C1—C2 bond results in the formation of stilbenes with mainly, and at times exclusively, retained stereochemistry. For the alcohols, these results point to an oxyanion-induced carbon–carbon bond cleavage leading to a vinyl anion that is protonated with retention of configuration in the protic solvents rather than to an electrocyclic ring opening to an alkoxy o-quinodimethane. Reaction of the Z isomer of benzylidenebenzocyclobutenol with methyllithium in THF at 20 °C causes isomerization to the E isomer, cleavage of the C1—C2 bond, and recyclization of the resultant isomerized vinyl anion. Keywords: benzylidenebenzocyclobutenones, base-catalyzed ring opening; benzylidenebenzocyclobutenols, base-catalyzed ring opening.
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PALMA, VICTOR DE MELLO, ALEXANDER THOMAS, EVA AGUIAR ALMEIDA CAMPOS CASTRO TORRIANI, LUISA BERLATO SILVA, CRISTIANE CADEMARTORI DANESI, and KíVIA LINHARES FERRAZZO. "STIMULATED SALIVARY FLOW AND MAXIMUM MOUTH OPENING AT DIFFERENT TIMES POSTRADIOTHERAPY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 130, no. 3 (September 2020): e267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2020.04.722.

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48

Mirza-Aghayan, Maryam, Mahdieh Molaee Tavana, Elaheh Golam Alipour Niazi, and Rabah Boukherroub. "Efficient and Regioselective Ring-opening of Epoxides with Carboxylic Acid Catalyzed by Graphite Oxide." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190401194252.

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An efficient, simple and regioselective ring-opening reaction of epoxides with various carboxylic acids under metal-free conditions is reported. The ring-opening of epoxides takes place in the presence of graphite oxide as an efficient and available catalyst to produce the corresponding 2-hydroxy monoester and 1,2-diester derivatives in good yields. Regioselective attack of the nucleophile, short reaction times, metal-free conditions and reusability of catalyst are among the advantages of the present protocol.
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49

Rossi, Adriano V. "Iran, the Caucasus and Europe." Iran and the Caucasus 17, no. 1 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130102.

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The paper is an updated version of the Keynote speech delivered at the opening ceremony of the International Conference on the “Autochtonous Peoples of the Caucasian-Caspian Region” (Yerevan State University, 5 October 2012), and emphasises the role of the Caucasus cultures as a whole since pre-Achaemenid times to modern times, conceived as a bridge between the Iranian world and Europe.
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50

Dong, Lin, Akira Rinoshika, and Zhixian Tang. "Dynamic Evaluation on the Traffic State of an Urban Gated Community by Opening the Micro-Inter-Road Network." Technologies 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6030071.

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The opening of a gated community to expand the micro-road network in an urban traffic system is an importance research topic related to urban congestion. To satisfy the demands of opening an early choosing case, this paper proposes a comprehensive selection framework on qualified communities and their appropriate opening times by describing the traffic state at the boundary road network accurately. The traffic entropy model and fuzzy c-means (FCM) method are used in this paper. In the framework, a new opening evaluation entropy model is built using basic theory of the thermodynamic traffic entropy method. The traffic state entropy values of the boundary road network and entropy production are calculated to determinate the opening time. In addition, a specific fuzzy range evaluation standard at a preset gated community is drawn with an FCM algorithm to verify the opening determination. A case study based on the traffic information in a simulated gated community in Shanghai is evaluated and proves that the findings of opening evaluation are in accordance with the actual situation. It is found that the micro-inter-road network of a gated community should be opened as the entropy value reaches 2.5. As the travel time is less than 20 s, the correlation between the opening entropy value and the journey delay time exhibits a good linear correlation, which indicates smooth traffic flow.
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