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Journal articles on the topic "OpenOffice.org 1.0"
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Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto, Eduardo de Sá Mendonça, Renato Ribeiro Passos, and Felipe Vaz Andrade. "Soil aggregation and organic carbon of Oxisols under coffee in agroforestry systems." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000100028.
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Intensive land use can lead to a loss of soil physical quality with negative impacts on soil aggregates, resistance to root penetration, porosity, and bulk density. Organic and agroforestry management systems can represent sustainable, well-balanced alternatives in the agroecosystem for promoting a greater input of organic matter than the conventional system. Based on the hypothesis that an increased input of organic matter improves soil physical quality, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of coffee production systems on soil physical properties in two Red-Yellow Oxisols (Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos) in the region of Caparaó, Espirito Santo, Brazil. On Farm 1, we evaluated the following systems: primary forest (Pf1), organic coffee (Org1) and conventional coffee (Con1). On Farm 2, we evaluated: secondary forest (Sf2), organic coffee intercropped with inga (Org/In2), organic coffee intercropped with leucaena and inga (Org/In/Le2), organic coffee intercropped with cedar (Org/Ced2) and unshaded conventional coffee (Con2). Soil samples were collected under the tree canopy from the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. Under organic and agroforestry coffee management, soil aggregation was higher than under conventional coffee. In the agroforestry system, the degree of soil flocculation was 24 % higher, soil moisture was 80 % higher, and soil resistance to penetration was lower than in soil under conventional coffee management. The macroaggregates in the organic systems, Org/In2, Org/In/Le2, and Org/Ced2 contained, on average, 29.1, 40.1 and 34.7 g kg-1 organic carbon, respectively. These levels are higher than those found in the unshaded conventional system (Con2), with 20.2 g kg-1.
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Dunaev, Anatoliy M., and Lev S. Kudin. "STATTHERMO® – NEW SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5490.
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A new software StatThermo for calculation of thermodynamic functions using the molecular constants in Rigid Rotator – Harmonic Oscillator approximation has been developed. Program includes various prebuilt algorithms to calculate atom coordinates for the majority of simple compounds (with a number of atoms N ≤ 8). The developed software can make the calculation for two reference temperatures (0 or 298.15 K) and different pressures. One of the prominent features of StatThermo is taking into account the low-lying electronic levels. The software was tested on different organic and inorganic molecules and average errors was found as follows: 0.05 kJ∙mol–1 (H°(T)-H°(0)), 0.01 J∙mol–1∙K–1 (Ф°(T)), and 0.002 J∙mol–1∙K–1 (S°(T)). The program can also approximate by the polynomial the thermodynamic functions defined by user. A wide range of functional possibilities, flexible parameters of calculation, and feature of export results in the Visual Basic macro do the StatThermo powerful software for thermodynamic computations. StatThermo can connect to the MS Office and OpenOffice servers for the export of calculated data. The software can treat the Gaussian, Gamess, FireFly, Jaguar, MolPro, CFour, NWChem, ORCA, Priroda, PSI4, Q-Chem, and VASP output files. A multilingual and cross-platform support makes the StatThermo accessible for a lot of users. Forcitation:Dunaev A.M., KudinL.S. StatThermo® – new software for calculation of thermodynamic functions. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 40-46.
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Iannacone, José, and Lorena Alvariño. "Diversidad de invertebrados acuáticos de la bocatoma de la atarjea en el Río Rímac, Lima Perú durante 1999." Biotempo 7 (September 4, 2017): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/biotempo.v7i0.874.
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El río Rímac es la principal fuente de agua potable para la ciudad de Lima, Perú, por lo que se evaluó la diversidad de invertebrados acuáticos en la bocatoma de la Atarjea, durante 1999. Se empleó una malla zooplanctónica de 45μ, filtrándose 2 L de agua por muestra. Para la identificación y cuantificación de los invertebrados se empleó la cámara de Sedgewick-Rafter. El número total de organismos/L (org· L-1 ) fluctúo entre 0 (marzo) a 337,5 (noviembre). El promedio fue de 64,3± 69,2. El grupo más abundante y frecuente fue rotífera con 11 especies. El 50% de las muestras indicó una dominancia relativa por rotífera, el 36,3% por nemátoda, 9,1% para copépoda, 4,5% para protozoos e insectos, respectivamente. Los org· L- 1 para rotífera fueron de 22,6± 41,9, para nemátoda de 25,4± 31,7 y para insecta de 3,1± 5,3. No se encontraron diferencias estacionales en el número de org· L-1 . Los mayores valores de equidad se encontraron en verano. Los índices de Jaccard y Sörensen mostraron una mayor similaridad entre invierno y primavera. La presencia de Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini, 1843, Chilomastix mesnili (Wenyon, 1910) Alexieieff, 1912 y Entamoeba coli (Gras, 1879) Casagrandi & Barbagallo, 1895 indicaron contaminación fecal en el río Rímac.
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Kolho, K. L., H. Nikula, and I. Huhtaniemi. "Sexual maturation of male rats treated postnatally with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist." Journal of Endocrinology 116, no. 2 (February 1988): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1160241.
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ABSTRACT Postnatal secretion of gonadotrophin by male rats was inhibited by a potent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist analogue (N-Ac-4-Cl-d-Phe1,4-Cl-d-Phe2,d-Trp3,d-Phe6,des-Gly10-GnRH-d-alanylamide; Org 30039; 2 mg/kg s.c. twice daily) on days 1–5, 6–10, 11–15 or 16–20 of life. The onset of puberty was determined by monitoring the separation of the preputium from the glans penis, i.e. balanopreputial separation (BPS). Rats treated on days 1–5 matured normally, whereas all treatments between days 6 and 20 delayed BPS (P < 0·01). In adult rats (between 110 and 160 days of age), testis weights were reduced by 21–35% (P < 0·01) in groups treated between days 1 and 15, although weights of the accessory sex glands were normal. Testicular FSH receptors were decreased by 31–47% (P < 0·01) in all treatment groups, whereas the LH receptor content was decreased only in rats treated between days 1 and 5 (18%; P < 0·05) and prolactin receptor content decreased only in rats treated up to day 10 (31–33%; P < 0·01). Concentrations of serum testosterone, LH and FSH, and pituitary contents of LH and FSH were unaffected by neonatal treatment with Org 30039. Animals treated with Org 30039 had reduced fertility which was most pronounced (88%; P < 0·01) in rats treated between days 1 and 5. However, motile sperm were detectable in the cauda epididymis of the infertile rats. In conclusion, postnatal gonadotrophin deprivation induced with a GnRH antagonist for different 5-day periods during the first 15 days of life delayed puberty, reduced adult testis weight and impaired fertility. Some effects of the antagonist were largely independent of the timing of gonadotrophin suppression. Other effects, including suppression of testicular LH and prolactin receptors and the delay in the onset of puberty, were found only in the younger and older treatment groups respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of neonatal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function for subsequent sexual maturation. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 241–246
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Peck, Gregory M., Preston K. Andrews, John P. Reganold, and John K. Fellman. "Apple Orchard Productivity and Fruit Quality under Organic, Conventional, and Integrated Management." HortScience 41, no. 1 (February 2006): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.1.99.
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Located on a 20-ha commercial apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard in the Yakima Valley, Washington, a 1.7-ha study area was planted with apple trees in 1994 in a randomized complete block design with four replications of three treatments: organic (ORG), conventional (CON), and integrated (INT). Soil classification, rootstock, cultivar, plant age, and all other conditions except management were the same on all plots. In years 9 (2002) and 10 (2003) of this study, we compared the orchard productivity and fruit quality of `Galaxy Gala' apples. Measurements of crop yield, yield efficiency, crop load, average fruit weight, tree growth, color grades, and weight distributions of marketable fruit, percentages of unmarketable fruit, classifications of unmarketable fruit, as well as leaf, fruit, and soil mineral concentrations, were used to evaluate orchard productivity. Apple fruit quality was assessed at harvest and after refrigerated (0 to 1 °C) storage for three months in regular atmosphere (ambient oxygen levels) and for three and six months in controlled atmosphere (1.5% to 2% oxygen). Fruit internal ethylene concentrations and evolution, fruit respiration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), purgeable volatile production, sensory panels, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were used to evaluate fruit quality. ORG crop yields were two-thirds of the CON and about half of the INT yields in 2002, but about one-third greater than either system in 2003. High ORG yields in 2003 resulted in smaller ORG fruit. Inconsistent ORG yields were probably the result of several factors, including unsatisfactory crop load management, higher pest and weed pressures, lower leaf and fruit tissue nitrogen, and deficient leaf tissue zinc concentrations. Despite production difficulties, ORG apples had 6 to 10 N higher flesh firmness than CON, and 4 to 7 N higher than INT apples, for similar-sized fruit. Consumer panels tended to rate ORG and INT apples to have equal or better overall acceptability, firmness, and texture than CON apples. Neither laboratory measurements nor sensory evaluations detected differences in SSC, TA, or the SSC to TA ratio. Consumers were unable to discern the higher concentrations of flavor volatiles found in CON apples. For a 200 g fruit, ORG apples contained 10% to 15% more TAA than CON apples and 8% to 25% more TAA than INT apples. Across most parameters measured in this study, the CON and INT farm management systems were more similar to each other than either was to the ORG system. The production challenges associated with low-input organic apple farming systems are discussed. Despite limited technologies and products for organic apple production, the ORG apples in our study showed improvements in some fruit quality attributes that could aid their marketability.
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Liu, X. C., T. C. Gao, and L. Liu. "A comparison of rainfall measurements from multiple instruments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 7 (July 2, 2013): 1585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1585-2013.
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Abstract. Simultaneous observations of rainfall collected by a tipping bucket rain gauge (TBRG), a weighing rain gauge (WRG), an optical rain gauge (ORG), a present weather detector (PWD), a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), and a 2-D video disdrometer (2DVD) during January to October 2012 were analyzed to evaluate how accurately they measure rainfall and drop size distributions (DSDs). For the long-term observations, there were different discrepancies in rain amounts from six instruments on the order of 0% to 27.7%. The TBRG, WRG, and ORG have a good agreement, while the PWD and 2DVD record higher and the JWD lower rain rates when R > 20 mm h−1, the ORG agrees well with JWD and 2DVD, while the TBRG records higher and the WRG lower rain rates when R > 20 mm h−1. Compared with the TBRG and WRG, optical and impact instruments can measure the rain rate accurately in the light rain. The overall DSDs of JWD and 2DVD agree well with each other, except for the small raindrops (D < 1 mm). JWD can measure more moderate-size raindrops (0.3 mm < D < 1.5 mm) than 2DVD, but 2DVD can measure more small-size raindrops (D < 0.3 mm). 2DVD has a larger measurement range; more overall raindrops can be measured by 2DVD than by JWD in different rain rate regimes. But small raindrops might be underestimated by 2DVD when R > 15 mm h−1. The small raindrops tend to be omitted in the more large-size raindrops due to the shadow effect of light. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of small raindrops in the heavy rainfall from 2DVD should be handled carefully.
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Nagy, Katalin, Bernadett Marko, Gabriella Zsilla, Peter Matyus, Katalin Pallagi, Geza Szabo, Zsolt Juranyi, Jozsef Barkoczy, Gyorgy Levay, and Laszlo G. Harsing. "Alterations in Brain Extracellular Dopamine and Glycine Levels Following Combined Administration of the Glycine Transporter Type-1 Inhibitor Org-24461 and Risperidone." Neurochemical Research 35, no. 12 (August 20, 2010): 2096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0241-0.
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Fadilla, Ulfia, G. Gusnidar, and Syafrimen Yasin. "PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS GRANUL DENGAN PEREKAT LIAT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA REGOSOL." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.1.11.
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Regosol has low fertility, especially carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and other macro elements, but it can be potential for agriculture cultivation. Addition of straw compost and tithonia granule (Kojeto granule) with clay binder can improve chemical soil fertility. This study aimed to determine the composition of the Kojeto granule with a clay binder and to define the interaction between type of Kojeto granule and dosage of compost granule in the chemical characteristics of Regosol. This research was conducted in a wirehouse and soil laboratory, Andalas University. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design, with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the ratio between compost composition and clay binder 9:1 and 8:2. The second factor was 4 levels of granule compost doses (0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 t ha-1). The results showed that the best composition ratio between Kojeto and clay binder on chemical properties was 9:1. The type of Kojeto 8:2 and dosage (22 t ha-1) had an interaction on Ca-dd (3.75 me 100 g-1). The single effect on the type compost granule at type 9:1 was parameter C-org (2.23%), and single effect on increasing the dosage of granule compost at a dose of 15 t ha-1 was C-org (2.30%), N-tot (0.27%), P-available (14,30 ppm), pH (5,80), and K-dd (0.62 me 100 g-1). The optimal recommended dose is 15 t ha-1.
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Shi, Zhang-Zhi, and Wen-Zheng Zhang. "Characterization and interpretation of twin related row-matching orientation relationships between Mg2Sn precipitates and the Mg matrix." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 6 (October 30, 2015): 1745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715017963.
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Two irrational orientation relationships (ORs) are newly observed between β-Mg2Sn precipitates and the α-Mg matrix in an aged Mg–Sn-based alloy, namely OR9: [011]β-9//[0 1 {\bar 1} 0]α, (100)β-9about −15.6° from (0001)αand OR10: [0 {\bar 1} {\bar 1}]β-10//[0 1{\bar 1} 0]α, (100)β-10about 4.0° from ({\bar 2} 1 1 0)α. The ORs have a common reciprocal row-matching condition, which shows that rows of diffraction spots parallel tog(1 1{\bar 1})β-9[org({\bar 1} {\bar 1}1)β-10] from lattice β match those parallel tog(2 {\bar 1} {\bar 1} 4)αfrom lattice α. A twin relationship exists between OR9-type and OR10-type precipitates, of which the major side facets, parallel to the twinning plane, are invariably normal to the matching rows in reciprocal space. The reciprocal row matching of diffraction spots is proven to correspond to a real row matching of lattice sites in direct space. The real matching rows of lattice sites lie in the major side facets, resulting in periodically distributed good matching lattice bands in the facets,i.e.a singular interfacial structure. This explains why the irrational ORs are preferred. This study demonstrates an explicit association of geometric lattice matching with the ORs and the morphologies of precipitates developed during a phase transformation.
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Liu, X. C., T. C. Gao, and L. Liu. "A comparison of rainfall measurements by multiple instruments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-519-2013.
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Abstract. Simultaneous observations of rainfall collected by a tipping bucket rain gauge, a weighing bucket rain gauge, an optical rain gauge, a present weather detector, a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer, and a 2-D video disdrometer during January to October 2012 were analyzed to evaluate how accurately they measure rainfall and drop size distributions (DSDs). For the long-term observations, there were different discrepancies in rain amounts from six instruments in the order of 0 to 27.7%. The ORG, JWD, and 2DVD underestimated, and the TBRG overestimated the rain rate when R < 20 mm h−1; the TBRG agreed well with the reference values, while the PWD and 2DVD overestimated, WRG and JWD underestimated the rain rate when R > 20 mm h−1. The TBRG and WRG underestimated more than 50% of rainfall duration substantially in the light rainfall, ORG underestimated the rainfall duration for about 12.7%, while the JWD and 2DVD overestimated the rainfall duration for more than 30%. The overall DSDs of JWD and 2DVD agreed well with each other, while the JWD had a higher volume mean diameter, lower raindrop numbers and liquid water content than that of 2DVD. The overestimation of small-size drops (D < 1 mm) and underestimation of very large-size drops (D > 4 mm) by JWD suggests the JWD's inaccuracy of measurement of small-size drops and very large-size drops; the underestimation of small raindrops by 2DVD suggested that DSDs in the heavy rainfall by 2DVD should be handled carefully.
Books on the topic "OpenOffice.org 1.0"
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Desafios da educação na contemporaneidade: discursos emergentes e concepções de ensino. Editora Amplla, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.dec139.1120-0.
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Pensar a Educação no século XXI é um desafio intrigante. Já se fala em Educação 4.0, nomenclatura proveniente do desenvolvimento rápido e contínuo das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) e da internet que tem, cada vez mais, invadido o cotidiano das escolas e das salas de aula. Enquanto se teoriza uma Educação que, supostamente, é 4.0 e tem acompanhado as tendências digitais, ousamos problematizar que os problemas e desafios que envolvem os espaços educativos ainda são da geração 1.0. O termo Educação 1.0, do final do século XVIII, conceitua um enfoque tradicional de educação, o professor é o protagonista e o processo de ensino e aprendizagem individualizado, reservado as elites. A educação 2.0 surgiu com o intuito de preparar o homem para trabalhar nas fábricas durante o século XIX, os processos eram pautados na repetição e memorização. Em meados do século XX, a partir da 3° Revolução Industrial, surgiu a educação 3.0 que, de maneira inovadora, incorporou as novas tecnologias aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, tratando os alunos como protagonistas da sua aprendizagem, democratização do saber. Já a educação 4.0 aparece como consequência da quarta revolução industrial, buscando atender as supostas emergências e necessidades do século, informações mais acessíveis, digitalização dos processos e diversas possibilidades de inovação1 . A obra "Desafios da educação na contemporaneidade: discursos emergentes e concepções de ensino" contém artigos que levam a pensar nesses desafios, compreendendo que eles envolvem as tecnologias digitais, mas vão bem além delas. Há desafios emergentes nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem que por ora são silenciados em detrimento de outros. Esta obra é uma das aberturas das cortinas das escolas e salas de aula visando trazer à tona temáticas que, na maioria das vezes, ainda são invisibilizadas. Tais temáticas, abordadas ao longo dos capítulos, enfocam desafios das mais diversas ordens, tais como: Formação de professores, prática docente, educação e diretos humanos, projeto político pedagógico, educação e tecnologias, educação na 1 LENGEL, J. G. A evolução da educação: 1-2-3. In: Carvalho, M. T. (Org.). Educação 3.0: novas perspectivas para o ensino. Unisinos. São Leopoldo, RS: 2017. pandemia, ensino remoto, educação a distância, educação e cultura, relações étnicoraciais, educação inclusiva, estágio docente, dentre outras. A partir das temáticas abordadas pelos autores e pelas autoras, percebemos que ao falar dos desafios da educação na contemporaneidade e ao analisar esses desafios visando desnudar o chão dos espaços educativos, as discussões têm como objetivo central o encontro de possíveis caminhos que colaborem e motivem não apenas os profissionais da educação, mas também seus alunos e alunas. Enquanto os desafios se desenham como vielas aparentemente sem saída, caminhos bifurcados ou como o tão conhecido fundo do poço, o debate sobre eles aqui proposto tendem por ressignificálos à medida que transformam os desafios em molas propulsoras de esperança e de novas possibilidades. Problematizar e refletir sobre a educação contemporânea e seus desafios é uma forma de ser sensível ao que vivem os profissionais da educação espalhados por esse país em seu trabalho cotidiano com os alunos e as alunas. Essa sensibilidade é ainda mais urgente quando, além dos já conhecidos inúmeros desafios que assolam a educação brasileira, passamos a viver, de repente, um contexto de pandemia, a saber, a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID 19). Nesse contexto, as questões discutidas pelos autores, de maneira envolvente e interdisciplinar a partir de abordagens teórico-metodológicas, funcionam ainda como materiais de apoio, de colaboração e de esperança para os profissionais da educação. Falar sobre os desafios não significa esbarrar neles e estagnar. É preciso fazer, sem romantizar, o que os profissionais da educação desse país sabem fazer de melhor: Ousar, criar, redesenhar, esperançar, amar... Mesmo diante do caos. Que os desafios aqui discutidos sejam possibilidades de pensar além.
Book chapters on the topic "OpenOffice.org 1.0"
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"Using OpenOffice Impress Version 2.2." In Presentations for Librarians, 167–82. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-303-5.50020-0.
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Rossi, Bruno, Barbara Russo, and Giancarlo Succi. "Evaluation of a Migration to Open Source Software." In Software Applications, 1657–74. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-060-8.ch098.
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The chapter discusses the adoption and assimilation process of open source software as a new form of information technology. Specifically, the case reports a general positive attitude towards the widely used technology, the OpenOffice. org suite for office automation. Nevertheless, it shows the difficulties of the first early adopters to lead the innovation process and push other users. Different usage patterns, interoperability issues, and, in general, the reduction in personal productivity typical of the early phases of adoption are also remarked. The aim of this chapter is to give the reader an overview of the adoption process by means of the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gathered during real world experimentation, and to shed some light on how empirical data can corroborate or challenge the existing literature about open source software and technology adoption.
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Li, Jie Jack, Chris Limberakis, and Derek A. Pflum. "Oxidation." In Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187984.003.0009.
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Activated manganese dioxide (MnO2) reliably oxidizes acetylenic, allylic, and benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Saturated primary and secondary alcohols are also oxidized, albeit more slowly. The two main concerns are the activity of the manganese dioxide and the slow filtration of salts after the reaction. Activated MnO2 is available commercially or may be prepared. To a solution of 15.3 g (37.5 mmol) of the alcohol in 150 mL of hexanes was added 60 g of activated MnO2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 22 °C overnight and filtered, and the solid residue was washed with 30% EtOAc in hexanes solution. The combined filtrates were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on SiO2 (EtOAc:hexanes, 1:10) to give 13.7 g (90%) of the ketone as a colorless oil. Reference: Wipf, P.; Xu, W. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6556–6562. Chromium-based oxidations are reliable and well established, but the toxicity associated with chromium salts have meant that they are generally considered the second choice. For a review of chromium–amine complex oxidations, see Luzzio, F. A. Org. React. 1998, 53, 1-221. To a mixture of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC 339 mg, 1.57 mmol), ammonium acetate (215 mg, 2.62 mmol), and 4 Å molecular sieves (610 mg) in CH2Cl2 (33 mL) was added a solution of the alcohol (208 mg, 1.05 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (14 mL) under argon at 0 °C over a period of 10 min. After the mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 3 h, diethyl ether (200 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered through a short pad of Florisil. The filtrate was washed successively with water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (hexane 70%, Et2O 30%) followed by distillation to give the aldehyde as a colorless oil (132 mg, 63%).
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Taber, Douglass. "Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes: The Carter Synthesis of Siamenol." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0062.
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Tosylates are among the least expensive, but also among the least reactive toward Pd(0) oxidative addition, of aryl sulfonates. Jie Wu of Fudan University has now devised conditions (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 9346) for the Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl tosylates such as 1 with arene trifluoroborates. Kei Manabe of RIKEN has found (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5593) that an ortho OH activates an adjacent Cl for Pd-mediated coupling, allowing the conversion of 4 to 6 . Philippe Uriac and Pierre van de Weghe of the Université de Rennes I have developed (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 3623) conditions for the catalytic acylation of aryl halides with alkenyl acetates such as 8. Multi-component coupling lends itself well to diversity-oriented synthesis. As illustrated by the combination of 10 with 11 and 12 to give 13 reported (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5589) by Michael F. Greaney of the University of Edinburgh, benzynes can do double addition with high regiocontrol. For other recent references to unsymmetrical double additions to arynes, see Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5921; Chem. Commun. 2007, 2405; and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14042. C-H functionalization of arenes is of increasing importance. John F. Hartwig of the University of Illinois has described (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 757; 761) improved conditions for Ir-catalyzed meta borylation, and conditions for further coupling of the initial borate 16 to give amines such as 17. Lei Liu and Qing-Xiang Guo of the University of Science and Technology, Hefei have found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 5449) that oxygen can be used as the stoichiometric oxidant in the Pd-catalyzed functionalization of H’s ortho to anilides. Two other research groups (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 6066; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5554; J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7720) reported advances in this area. In a close competition, Jin-Quan Yu, now at Scripps/La Jolla (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 3510) and Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9879) both reported that a carboxyl group can activate an ortho H for direct functionalization.
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Li, Jie Jack, Chris Limberakis, and Derek A. Pflum. "Functional Group Manipulations." In Modern Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187984.003.0008.
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CBr4–Ph3P is very straightforward and widely used. Workup and purification can be messy at times because of the by-product, Ph3PO. To a mixture of the alcohol (0.800 g, 3.36 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.337 g, 4.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0 ºC was added a solution of PPh3 (1.319 g, 5.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography to afford the bromide (0.941 g, 93% yield). Reference: Hu, T.-S.; Yu, Q.; Wu, Y.-L.; Wu, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 853–861. A two-step sequence consisting of mesylate formation followed by treatment with LiBr can also be used. This procedure involves two steps, but workup and purification are very straightforward. The bromide can be carried out to the next step without further purification in many cases. To a solution of 5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylcyclopentene (3.8 g, 34 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (50 mL) at 0 ºC was added triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 5 h and then water was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g (98%) of (2-methylcyclopent-2- enyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used in the next step without further purification. A solution containing the mesylate (6.4 g, 34 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was treated with lithium bromide (8.89 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were dried over MgSO4. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 4.6 g (78%) of 5-bromomethyl-1-methylcyclopentene, which was used in the next step without further purification.
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Seibel, Zara M., and Tristan H. Lambert. "Construction of Alkylated Stereocenters." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0035.
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Hirohisa Ohmiya and Masaya Sawamura at Hokkaido University reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5350) the copper-catalyzed, γ-selective allylation of terminal alkyne 1 to produce the chiral skipped enyne 3 with high ee. A method to synthesize asymmetric skipped diene 6 via copper-catalyzed allylic allylation of diene 4 was developed (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 3309) by Ben L. Feringa at the University of Groningen. Prof. Feringa also disclosed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2140) the regioselective and enantioselective allyl–allyl coupling of bromide 7 with allyl Grignard under Cu catalysis in the presence of phosphoramidite 8. James P. Morken of Boston College reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1432) the cross-coupling of allylboronate 11 with a mixture of alkenes 10a,b under palladium catalysis to produce diene 13 with high ee. Jian Liao at the Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4207) the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of indole using the chiral bis(sulfoxide) phosphine ligand 15. Yi-Xia Jia at the Zhejiang University of Technology reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2983) the enantioselective alkylation of indole to produce the trifluoromethyl adduct 19 using nickel catalysis in the presence of bisoxazoline ligand 18. Sarah E. Reisman at the California Institute of Technology disclosed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7442) the reductive cross-coupling of acid chloride 20 and benzyl chloride 21 using a nickel complex with bisoxazoline ligand 22 and manganese(0) as reductant. Ilan Marek at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5333) a method for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, such as the one present in aldehyde 25, using a diastereoselective carbometallation of cyclopropene 24 followed by oxidation and ring opening. Switching from methyl Grignard and copper iodide to MeCuCNLi reverses the diastereoselectivity of the carbometallation and allows access to the opposite enantiomer. Matthew S. Sigman at the University of Utah reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6830) the redox–relay oxidative Heck arylation of alkenyl alcohol 27 with boronic acid 26 using a palladium catalyst and pyridine oxazole ligand 28 to produce the γ-substituted aldehyde 29.
Conference papers on the topic "OpenOffice.org 1.0"
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Turple, A. G. G., M. N. Levin, J. Hirish, C. J. Carter, R. M. Jay, P. J. Powers, M. Andrew, H. N. Magnani, R. D. Hull, and M. Gent. "A DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF ORG 10172 LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINOID IN THE PREVENTION OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH THROMBOTIC STROKE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643239.
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The optimal method of venous thrombosis prophylaxis in patients with stroke is uncertain. ORG 10172 is a low molecular weight heparinoid consisting principally of heparan and dermatan sulphates. In animal studies, ORG 10172 is as effective as unfractionated heparin in preventing venous thrombosis but produces less bleeding. There have been a limited number of descriptive studies on its use in humans, but to date randomized efficacy trials of ORG 10172 in the prevention of venous thrombosis have not been reported. A double blind randomized trial was carried out to compare ORG 10172 with placebo in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients with thrombotic stroke. Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive ORG 10172 (50 patients) in a loading dose of 1,000 anti-Xa units intravenously followed by 750 anti-Xa units subcutaneously 12 hourly or placebo (25 patients). Prophylaxis was commenced within 7 days of stroke onset, continued for 14 days or until discharge from hospital, if earlier. Venous thrombosis surveillance was carried out with 125-1 fibrinogen leg scanning and impedance plethysmography. Venous thrombosis was confirmed by venography which occurred in 2 of 50 (4%) in the ORG 10172 group and 7 of 25 (28%) in the placebo group (p=0.005). The corresponding rates for proximal vein thrombosis were 0% and 16%, respectively (p=0.01). There was one major haemorrhage in the treated group and one minor haemorrhage in the placebo group. The anti-factor Xa levels (units/ml; mean ± SE) gradually rose from 0.18 ± 0.001 and 0.06 ± 0.01 six and 12 hours after injection on the first day to 0.24 ± 0.02 and 0.12 ± 0.01 after 11 days treatment. The results of this study indicate that ORG 10172 heparinoid is effective prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute thrombotic stroke.