Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'OPERA Experiment'

OPERA stands for Oscillation Project with Emulsion t-Racking Apparatus. The main goal of the OPERA experiment is to search for tau neutrino appearance in almost pure muon neutrino beam. The detector is located at Gran Sasso, 730 km away from the neutrino source, at CERN. In this thesis, the reconstruction efficiency and purity of neutrino interactions in the OPERA target have been studied by using Monte Carlo simulation. The efficiency of primary vertex reconstruction for muon neutrino Charge Current (CC) events is estimated as 83.2 percent. The main source of inefficiency is due to Quasi-elastic like topologies in which only one track is reconstructed. The purity of primary vertex tracks is found to be 99 percent. On the other hand, the reconstruction efficiency for muon neutrino CC charm events is estimated to be 90.2 percent, while the purity of the primary tracks is 67 percent. The low purity is due the fact that the secondary vertex tracks are wrongly assigned in the primary vertex. This spoils the purity.

The OPERA experiment is designed to search for nu-tau appearance in almost pure CERN-SPS nu-mu beam. The OPERA detector is placed in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory which is 730 km away from CERN. It is a hybrid set-up which combines a lead/emulsion target with various electronic detectors. The detector is composed of two super modules(SM) which contains about 150,000 ECC bricks. Each of the brick is obtained by stacking 56 lead plates with 57 emulsion films. Behind the each brick, an emulsion film doublet, called Changeable Sheet (CS) is attached in order to confirm tracks produced in neutrino interactions. The CS requires very low background track density in order to ensure the expected performance in the experiment. The background tracks in CS can be erased by a special treatment called as refreshing. A refreshing facility was constructed in the LNGS laboratory. The METU group has participated in the construction of the facility and the production of the CS films from the beginning. The main steps of emulsion refreshing and the test results on emulsion quality after the refreshing will be discussed. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed in order to estimate background to nu-mu to nu-tau oscillation due to D0 production and decay in the ECC brick. It is found that this background is significant for the short decay path topology of the tau lepton.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
Horatio William Parker (1863-1919) was a prominent American composer who belonged to the Second New England School (the "Boston Six"), and served as the Dean of Music at Yale University from 1904 until his death. His opera Mona (Opus 71) was created in collaboration with his librettist, Brian Hooker (1880-1946), as an entry to a contest that was being held by the Metropolitan Opera Company for the best English-language opera written by an American-born composer. Parker and Hooker won the contest, and received $10,000 in prize money along with a production of Mona at the Met. The contest generated a considerable amount of interest in the American musical community, and sparked debate concerning the characteristics that should epitomize "American" opera. After difficult rehearsals and extensive revisions, Mona premiered on March 14'h, 1912. Despite its lavish production, the opera was met with a lukewarm reception by the American public, and failed to make its way into the permanent repertory of the Met. Willie American opera of this era was commonly criticized for being simple and frivolous, Mona is notable for being a serious opera of considerable complexity that was ultimately rejected by the American public. The opera is also significant in that it seems to mark a turning point in Parker's biography, after which he placed greater emphasis on the popular appeal of his compositions.

OPERA is a long baseline neutrino experiment designed for tau neutrino searches in an almost pure muon neutrino beam. The detection is performed on an event-by-event basis which is possible thanks to the high spatial resolution of the detector. In fact, the set-up is able to observe very short decaying particles produced in neutrino interactions, such as tau or charmed particles. In particular, the experiment searches for events with one secondary vertex within 1 mm from the primary one. An event was recorded with an unexpected topology: instead of one secondary vertex it has two. Such an event was completely unexpected and a totally new analysis was required in order to understand its nature. The possibilities taken into account include most of the combinations of tau, charmed particle and hadron re-interaction within the lead. The new software, based on GEANT4, was set-up and successfully tested using a dedicated OPERA test beam. Thus, an ad hoc Monte Carlo generation was prepared in order to describe the properties of such a rare observation. Finally, a sample having the interesting topology was obtained and a blind procedure for the event identification could be developed. The event turned out to be very likely an tau neutrino interaction with charm production with a significance close to 3.5 sigma.
OPERA è un esperimento per lo studio di neutrini da fascio progettato per ricerca di neutrini del tau in un fascio quasi puro di neutrini muonici. La ricerca è basata su un’analisi evento per evento che è resa possibile dall’elevata risoluzione spaziale del rivelatore. Infatti, l’apparato è in grado di osservare particelle emesse durante un’interazione di neutrino che decadono entro brevi distanze. In particolare, l’esperimento ricerca eventi che presentano vertici secondari entro circa un millimetro dal vertice primario di interazione. Un evento interessante è stato osservato con una topologia inaspettata: invece un solo vertice secondario ne sono stati osservati due. Questo tipo di eventi era completamente inaspettato e una nuova analisi era necessaria per capire la natura dell’evento. Le possibilità considerate includono quasi tutte le combinazioni di tau, particelle charmate e reinterazioni adroniche nel piombo. Un nuovo algoritmo di simulazione, basato su GEANT4, è stato sviluppato e testato con successo usando i dati di uno dei test beam di OPERA. Quindi, una nuova produzione Monte Carlo è stata preparata per poter descrivere le proprietà di questo raro fenomeno. Infine, è stata preparata un’analisi per l’identificazione dell’evento osservato. L’evento è risultato essere molto probabilmente un’interazione di neutrino del tau con produzione di charm, con una significanza di quasi 3.5 sigma.

The thesis concerns the measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam. There are different theoretical models that allow for Lorentz violating effects which can be investigated with measurements on terrestrial neutrino beams. The MINOS experiment published in 2007 a measure on the muon neutrinos over a distance of 730 km finding a deviation with respect to the expected time of flight of 126 ns with a statistical error of 32 ns and a systematic error of 64 ns. The OPERA experiment observes as well muon neutrinos 730 km away from the source, with a sensitivity significantly better than MINOS thanks to the higher number of interactions in the detector due to the higher energy beam and the much more sophisticated timing system explicitly upgraded in view of the neutrino velocity measurement. This system is composed by atomic cesium clocks and GPS receivers operating in "common view mode". Thanks to this system a time-transfer between the two sites with a precision at the level of 1 ns is possible. Moreover, a Fast Waveform Digitizer was installed along the proton beam line at CERN in order to measure the internal time structure of the proton pulses that are sent to the CNGS target. The result on the neutrino velocity is the most precise measurement so far with terrestrial neutrino beams: the neutrino time of flight was determined with a statistical uncertainty of about 10 ns and a systematic uncertainty smaller than 20 ns.

In the thesis is presented the measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam, a muon neutrino beam produced at CERN. The OPERA detector observes muon neutrinos 730 km away from the source. Previous measurements of the neutrino velocity have been performed by other experiments. Since the OPERA experiment aims the direct observation of muon neutrinos oscillations into tau neutrinos, a higher energy beam is employed. This characteristic together with the higher number of interactions in the detector allows for a measurement with a much smaller statistical uncertainty. Moreover, a much more sophisticated timing system (composed by cesium clocks and GPS receivers operating in “common view mode”), and a Fast Waveform Digitizer (installed at CERN and able to measure the internal time structure of the proton pulses used for the CNGS beam), allows for a new measurement with a smaller systematic error. Theoretical models on Lorentz violating effects can be investigated by neutrino velocity measurements with terrestrial beams. The analysis has been carried out with blind method in order to guarantee the internal consistency and the goodness of each calibration measurement. The performed measurement is the most precise one done with a terrestrial neutrino beam, the statistical accuracy achieved by the OPERA measurement is about 10 ns and the systematic error is about 20 ns.

In the thesis is presented the measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam, a muon neutrino beam produced at CERN. The OPERA detector observes muon neutrinos 730 km away from the source. Previous measurements of the neutrino velocity have been performed by other experiments. Since the OPERA experiment aims the direct observation of muon neutrinos oscillations into tau neutrinos, a higher energy beam is employed. This characteristic together with the higher number of interactions in the detector allows for a measurement with a much smaller statistical uncertainty. Moreover, a much more sophisticated timing system (composed by cesium clocks and GPS receivers operating in “common view mode”), and a Fast Waveform Digitizer (installed at CERN and able to measure the internal time structure of the proton pulses used for the CNGS beam), allows for a new measurement with a smaller systematic error. Theoretical models on Lorentz violating effects can be investigated by neutrino velocity measurements with terrestrial beams. The analysis has been carried out with blind method in order to guarantee the internal consistency and the goodness of each calibration measurement. The performed measurement is the most precise one done with a terrestrial neutrino beam, the statistical accuracy achieved by the OPERA measurement is about 10 ns and the systematic error is about 20 ns.

The aim of the OPERA experiment is to verify the neutrino oscillation, directly measuring the appearance of from an initially pure beam produced at CERN. For this purpose OPERA detector is located underground Gran Sasso Laboratory(LNGS) 730 km away from CERN. The detector structure designed to be a hybrid system consisting of emulsion targets and electronic detectors. Total area of the emulsion targets in the OPERA detector is around 110000 m2 which needs fast and reliable automatic scanning systems. For this purpose, two dierent automatic scanning systems were developed in Japan and Europe. For now there are 12 scanning laboratories dedicated to the OPERA Experiment. The Emulsion Scanning Laboratory in the Physics department of METU is one of the scanning laboratories for the OPERA Experiment. The automatic scanning system in METU is European type which is using commercial hardware for easy construction and maintain. Also the laboratory has a unique feature in terms of experimental high energy physics laboratories. The emulsion scan- ning laboratory in METU is the

The OPERA experiment was designed to search for nu-mu to nu-tau oscillations through the observation of nu-tau charged-current interactions in the OPERA target. This search requires a massive detector and very high spatial accuracy. Both requirements are ful

The OPERA experiment aims at the direct observation of ν_mu -> ν_tau oscillations in the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) neutrino beam produced at CERN; since the ν_e contamination in the CNGS beam is low, OPERA will also be able to study the sub-dominant oscillation channel ν_mu -> ν_e. OPERA is a large scale hybrid apparatus divided in two supermodules, each equipped with electronic detectors, an iron spectrometer and a highly segmented ~0.7 kton target section made of Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) units. During my research work in the Bologna Lab. I have taken part to the set-up of the automatic scanning microscopes studying and tuning the scanning system performances and efficiencies with emulsions exposed to a test beam at CERN in 2007. Once the triggered bricks were distributed to the collaboration laboratories, my work was centered on the procedure used for the localization and the reconstruction of neutrino events.

The OPERA experiment aims at the direct observation of ν_mu -> ν_tau oscillations in the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) neutrino beam produced at CERN; since the ν_e contamination in the CNGS beam is low, OPERA will also be able to study the sub-dominant oscillation channel ν_mu -> ν_e. OPERA is a large scale hybrid apparatus divided in two supermodules, each equipped with electronic detectors, an iron spectrometer and a highly segmented ~0.7 kton target section made of Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) units. During my research work in the Bologna Lab. I have taken part to the set-up of the automatic scanning microscopes studying and tuning the scanning system performances and efficiencies with emulsions exposed to a test beam at CERN in 2007. Once the triggered bricks were distributed to the collaboration laboratories, my work was centered on the procedure used for the localization and the reconstruction of neutrino events.

OPERA est une expérience destinée à démontrer que le phénomène d'oscillation des neutrinos est à l'origine des neutrinos atmosphériques (transition $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ et recherche de l'angle de mélange $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$). Pour prouver l'apparition des à 732 km du CERN, un détecteur hybride est en cours d'installation dans le souterrain du Gran Sasso. La cible, faite de briques de 8kg composées de feuilles de plomb et d'émulsions photographiques, permet l'observation directe de la désintégration du lepton $\tau$ produit lors des interactions $\nu_\tau$ en courant chargé (CC). La reconstruction des traces, la localisation des interactions neutrino dans la cible ainsi que l'identification du muon sont possibles par des trajectographes placés à l'intérieur de la cible (plans de scintillateurs) et dans le spectromètre qui la suit (détecteurs RPC). Cette thèse est centrée sur le développement des algorithmes nécessaires pour l'identification et la localisation des interactions neutrino dans la cible d'OPERA. Ces algorithmes sont basés sur une approche globale de l'utilisation des détecteurs électroniques. Une classification des événements neutrino est mise en place à partir du muon produit lors des interactions $\nu_\tau$ CC avec désintégration du tau en muon. Elle est optimisée par la reconstruction de traces et par la prise en compte de critères topologiques et calorimétriques reflétant la nature de l'interaction (quasi-élastique, profondément inélastique) ; la logique de localisation de la brique d'interaction est alors adaptée à chaque catégorie. Une carte tridimensionnelle de probabilités de briques est obtenue et donne ainsi la possibilité d'élaborer différentes stratégies d'extraction de briques. Dans cette continuité de ce travail, une étude de faisabilité d'un test sur faisceau appelé OPERETTE a été réalisée. Le projet consistait à installer un détecteur similaire à celui d'OPERA sur un faisceau de neutrinos dans la zone Nord du CERN. OPERA aurait ainsi disposé d'un lot d'événements neutrino avant son démarrage lui permettant de tester les différentes techniques d'analyse.

L'expérience OPERA propose de mettre en évidence l'oscillation par apparition du dans un faisceau pur en . Ce faisceau est produit au CERN, puis dirigé sur le détecteur situé à 732 km plus loin. Le détecteur OPERA est composé de deux spectromètres à muons et d'une cible formée de murs de briques qui sont une alternance de feuilles de plomb et d'émulsions. Cette structure permet de reconstruire avec une haute résolution spatiale la topologie de désintégration en coude du tau. Le grand défi de l'expérience OPERA est de pouvoir mettre en évidence les interactions avec le moins d'incertitude possible à travers l'identification de tout événement de bruit de fond ne comportant pas un . C'est à ce niveau que mon travail apporte une contribution intéressante en offrant la possibilité de réduire d'avantage le bruit de fond. Ma contribution principale d'analyse concerne le développement de la sélection, de la reconstruction et l'identification des muons de basse énergie à l'aide des émulsions nucléaires. Ce travail repose sur la mise en corrélation de variables sensibles à la fois à la perte d'énergie et à la diffusion multiple. Auparavant, seule l'énergie perdue était utilisée dans les analyses de séparation . Mon étude a permis de doubler l'efficacité d'identification des muons de basse énergie ce qui va permettre d'accroître la puissance de rejet des événements de bruit de fond et de diminuer la contamination de 30%. J'ai également étudié le pouvoir des émulsions dans l'identification et la séparation des particules chargées à travers l'analyse d'un test réalisé par le groupe de Nagoya au Japon contenant des protons et des pions de différentes énergies. J'ai montré que le système de scan Européen donne des résultats comparables aux résultats obtenus par le système de scan Japonais.

The OPERA experiment aim is to verify the neutrino oscillation, directly measuring the appearance of tau neutrinos from an initially almost pure muon neutrinos beam produced at CERN. Its target will be made of about 160000 bricks of nuclear emulsion films sandwiched with 1-mm-thick lead plates. The total mass of the experiment will be of about 1.3 kton. The first physics run has been available in October 2007, when 38 muon neutrino events have been recorded. During its expected 5-year lifetime, OPERA will extract for analysis about 15% of the total amount of emulsions. These films need to be developed at LNGS laboratories at the rate of 20-30 bricks per day, 200 days per year and then scanned by microscope stations in the OPERA laboratories worldwide. The impressive amount of emulsions to be processed and analyzed require automated large-scale chemical development and computer-driven optical scanning. This Ph.D. thesis reports my job on the design and production of the control software for the automatic emulsion development system and on the automatic scanning station installed at LNL laboratories. Concerning the former project, I have studied the best software structure to provide flexibility and ease of maintenance for the code. The realized program provides optimal scheduling of any number of bricks simultaneously developed on the automated lines. The latter project involved the full installation, setting-up and testing of the scanning system. The goal, that has been successfully achieved, was the full reconstruction of a neutrino interaction inside one of the 38 OPERA brick extracted during the first physics run.

Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse étudient la vitesse des neutrinos mesurée par l'expérience OPERA sur le faisceau CNGS au CERN. Divers modèles théoriques de gravité quantique et d'extra-dimensions prévoient des effets importants sur la violation de la conservation de Lorentz qui serait observable par la mesure de la vitesse des neutrinos. L'expérience MINOS a publié en 2007 une mesure de la vitesse des neutrinos muoniques sur une distance de 730 km avec un écart par rapport à celui de la lumière de 126 ns avec une erreur statistique de 32 ns et une erreur systématique de 64 ns. L'expérience OPERA détecte également des neutrinos muoniques ayant parcourut 730 km avec une sensibilité significativement meilleure que MINOS grâce à une statistique plus élevée due à l'énergie plus élevée du faisceau et à le système de synchronisation entre OPERA et le faisceau CNGS beaucoup plus sophistiquée et modifié dans le but de réduire l'erreur systématique. Ce système est composé par des horloges au césium et de récepteurs GPS spéciaux fonctionnant en common view mode. Le tout permet un time transfer entre les deux sites précis à l'ordre de 1 ns. Un système d'échantillonnage à 1 GHz (fast waveform digitizer) capable de reconstruire la distribution temporelle des protons envoyés sur la cible du CNGS a été intégré au système existant de mesure du faisceau CNGS. Le résultat consiste en la mesure de la vitesse des neutrinos produits artificiellement avec la précision la plus élevée jamais atteinte : le temps de vol des neutrinos a été déterminé avec une incertitude statistique d'environ 10 ns et une incertitude systématique plus petite de 20 nanosecondes.

OPERA a pour objectif de mettre en évidence l'oscillation nu_mu -> nu_tau par l'observation directe de nu_tau dans un faisceau de nu_mu. Pour ce faire un faisceau de neutrino nm est produit au CERN et dirigé vers le détecteur OPERA, situé à 732 km dans le laboratoire souterrain du Gran Sasso. Les émulsions photographiques composant le détecteur ont une très bonne résolution spatiale (mu m) et vont permettre de détecter un lepton tau caractéristique d'une interaction nu_tau courant chargé. L'analyse des émulsions est donc un point clé de l'expérience OPERA. Le développement des logiciels de simulation et de reconstruction constitue une partie de mon travail de thèse. L'autre objectif de cette thèse est de montrer qu'avec une analyse cinématique appropriée, le canal de désintégration tau -> 3 hadrons chargés peut être exploité au même titre que les autres canaux de désintégration dans l'analyse des données d'OPERA.

Les oscillations de neutrinos occupent la majeure partie des expériences s'intéressant à cette particule. Ce mécanisme utilise le fait que les neutrinos soient massifs pour permettre de passer d'un état de saveur à un autre. L'expérience OPERA commencera à prendre des données au printemps 2006. Son but est de prouver sans ambiguïté ce mécanisme en observant l'apparition de neutrinos tauïques dans le faisceau CNGS composé de neutrinos muoniques. Cette thèse présente une description des faisceaux de neutrinos, en s'appuyant sur le faisceau CNGS, tiré du CERN vers le laboratoire italien du Gran Sasso. Le flux de ces neutrinos est recalculé, et des simulations sont menées pour étudier les défauts d'alignement des éléments de la ligne de faisceau. Le détecteur OPERA est composé de briques faites d'un empilement de plaques de plomb et de films d'émulsion photographique, de deux trajectrographes et de deux spectromètres. La haute résolution en position des émulsions (<1 mu m) permet d'identifier les tau crées par l'interaction par courant chargé des neutrinos tauïques. La localisation des briques touchées par un neutrino est faite à l'aide d'un réseau de scintillateurs. La reconstruction des traces dans ces scintillateurs, ainsi que dans les spectromètres, fait partie des travaux présentés dans cette thèse. Un algorithme d'identification des muons a également été développé dans cette thèse. Il permet une réduction d'un facteur 20 du bruit de fond charmé. Le futur de la physique des oscillations de neutrinos passe par la construction de faisceaux de neutrinos de plus en plus intenses, pour arriver à mesurer les derniers paramètres inconnus (theta13 et deltaCP). Le projet de faisceau du CERN vers le tunnel de Fréjus est revisité dans la dernière partie de cette thèse. Une optimisation complète de la ligne de faisceau est proposée, et permet d'atteindre une sensibilité de theta13 de l'ordre du degré.

La physique des oscillations de neutrinos occupe une place majeure dans les études s'intéressant à cetteparticule. Le mécanisme des oscillations, basé sur un changement d'état de saveur d'un neutrino durant sapropagation, permet d'élucider les déficits observés de neutrinos solaires et atmosphériques et apporte des indicationsintéressantes de physique au delà du Modèle Standard par l'étude des angles de mélanges et du schéma de masse desneutrinos.OPERA est un détecteur hybride combinant à la fois latechnique d'une détection électronique en temps réel et la technique de la chambre à brouillard à émulsion ou ECC(EmulsionCloud Chamber). Le détecteur ECC est un détecteur massif (cible) composé de 150000 briques dontchacune est constituée de feuilles de plombs, utilisées comme cible, alternées avec des émulsions nucléaires dont laprécision de reconstruction des traces est de l'ordre du micron. Le détecteur comprend également deux spectromètresavec des plaques de fer magnétisé de 5 cm d'épaisseur alternées avec les détecteurs RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber)associés à six ensembles de drift tubes (PT) pour la mesure de la charge et de l'impulsion du muon, et un plan de vetoservant à la rejection des particules extérieures à la cible.

L'expérience OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion t-Racking Apparatus) se propose de vérifier les résultats de Super-Kamiokande, tout en détectant l'apparition de neutrino tau dans un faisceau originellement "pur" en neutrino muonique, révélée par la topologie caractéristique de la désintégration du tau. La cible d'OPERA est constituée de murs de briques qui sont une alternance de feuilles de plomb et d'émulsions. Les émulsions sont des trajectographes de grande précision (~1 micron) qui vont être utilisés en masse lors de l'expérience et leur analyse nécessite un système de scan automatisé dédié. Tout d'abord, cette thèse a consisté en la participation à la mise en place du premier laboratoire de scan en France. La précision obtenue est conforme aux exigences de l'expérience et la rapidité demandée sera atteinte dans quelques mois. Ensuite, la séparation des pions et des muons à basse énergie a étudiée. Les premiers résultats, montrant la possibilité d'une telle séparation, ont été exposés. Enfin, un programme de reconstruction de ces particules en fin de parcours a été développé et testé, tenant compte des performances de scan auparavant étudiées.

Dans la continuité des expériences SuperKamiokande et K2K, OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus), cherchera à confirmer l'oscillation des neutrinos dans le secteur atmosphérique. Utilisant une technique déjà employée dans CHORUS et DONUT, la chambre à brouillard d'émulsion (Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC)), cette expérience permettra la mise en évidence de l'oscillation nµ® nt par apparition de nt dans un faisceau pur de nµ.
L'expérience OPERA, avec ses ~100000 m2 d'émulsions nucléaires, nécessite l'utilisation de systèmes de scan automatiques ultra rapides. Les composantes optiques et mécaniques de ces systèmes ont été optimisées pour atteindre une vitesse de scan de ~20 cm2/heure par couche d'émulsion (44 μm d'épaisseur), tout en gardant une résolution sub-micrométrique.
Dans la première partie de mon travail de thèse, je me suis consacrée à l'optimisation des 4 systèmes de scan au sein de l'unique station de scan française basée à Lyon. Une étude expérimentale sur les performances d'un scan utilisant un objectif à sec a été également réalisée. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les performances d'un scan « à sec » sont similaires à celles d'un scan traditionnel utilisant un objectif à huile.
La deuxième partie de mon travail a consisté à valider la stratégie actuellement utilisée dans OPERA pour la localisation et la reconstruction des vertex de l'interaction des neutrinos, à l'aide d'un test sur faisceau dédié. Les résultats obtenus confirment définitivement que la stratégie proposée est bien adaptée à la recherche du lepton tau.

OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus) est une expérience sur faisceau de neutrino située dans le Hall C du laboratoire souterrain du Gran Sasso (LNGS), en Italie, à une profondeur équivalente à 3.8 km d'eau (correspondant à une coupure en énergie à 1.5 TeV pour les muons à la surface). L'objectif premier d'OPERA est l'observation directe de l'oscillation νμ ➝ ντ dans le secteur des neutrinos atmosphériques par apparition d'événements ντ à 730km de la cible, dans un faisceau (CNGS) quasiment pur en νμ. OPERA est un détecteur hybride contenant une partie cible (~125 000 briques composées d'une succession de feuilles d'émulsion et de plomb) instrumentée et d'un spectromètre. La prise de données a commencé en 2006 et 55 000 événements neutrinos ont été enregistrés à ce jour. Le premier candidat ντ a été observé cette année. Le travail produit pendant cette thèse est axé suivant trois sujets principaux : la définition de règles de déclenchement du système d'acquisition du trajectographe pour les événements neutrinos du faisceau, la synchronisation des éléments du trajectographe et des plans de RPC ainsi que l'implémentation des résultats dans la simulation et l'étude de la faisabilité d'une analyse des oscillations des neutrinos atmosphériques dans les données hors-faisceau. La modification des règles de déclenchement du trajectographe a permis d'atteindre les valeurs proposées dans le proposal d'OPERA, ie une efficacité de déclenchement supérieure à 99%. Cette évolution a été rendu possible par la mise en place de fenêtres en temps en coïncidence avec le faisceau CNGS pendant lesquelles les coupures sont abaissées, permettant de récupérer les événements de basse multiplicité. Une étude poussée de l'intercalibration des détecteurs électroniques a permis la synchronisation de l'ensemble des informations venant des éléments du trajectographe et des RPC. Les résultats de cette analyse sont maintenant inclus dans la simulation du détecteur. Le travail de calibration a permis de produire une étude sur l'oscillation des neutrinos atmosphériques "hors-faisceau" grace à la détection de particules montantes. Les analyses présentées dans cette thèse ont permis une meilleure compréhension du détecteur d'OPERA et démontré sa capacité à observer des phénomènes ne dépendant pas du faiseau CNGS. Des analyses sur la détection des neutrinos atmosphériques et la caractérisation du flux de muons cosmiques (variations saisonnières entre autres) sont désormais possibles grace à la statistique accumulée et la compréhension plus fine des systèmes d'acquisition. Les corrections sur la propagation des signaux dans les détecteurs électroniques sont aujourd'hui utilisées pour la mesure de la vélocité des neutrinos du faisceau.

"Possession" is a work of electronic opera for one performer that enacts a spirit possession through the use of acoustic feedback, an indeterminate sonic force that moves the performer. This thesis constitutes video documentation of this opera and a written dissertation. The project focuses on how giving up control in performing with feedback opens up possibilities of sounding, moving and being that are otherwise inaccessible. The dissertation's first chapter outlines the historical use of malfunction in sound-based artforms, making an argument that many of these uses domesticate the sonic results of these encounters with malfunction. The second and third chapters characterise this loss of control as an embrace of failure, rejecting the known and predetermined lines of heterosexuality in pursuit of unknowable future possibility. A final chapter uses semiotician Julia Kristeva's account of "abjection" to describe the breakdown of boundaries in the body in horror film aesthetics, drawing parallels with the way feedback is used to embody spirit possession in the opera.

The Pomegranate Cycle is a practice-led enquiry consisting of a creative work and an exegesis. This project investigates the potential of self-directed, technologically mediated composition as a means of reconfiguring gender stereotypes within the operatic tradition. This practice confronts two primary stereotypes: the positioning of female performing bodies within narratives of violence and the absence of women from authorial roles that construct and regulate the operatic tradition. The Pomegranate Cycle redresses these stereotypes by presenting a new narrative trajectory of healing for its central character, and by placing the singer inside the role of composer and producer. During the twentieth and early twenty-first century, operatic and classical music institutions have resisted incorporating works of living composers into their repertory. Consequently, the canon’s historic representations of gender remain unchallenged. Historically and contemporarily, men have almost exclusively occupied the roles of composer, conductor, director and critic, and therefore men have regulated the pedagogy, performance practices, repertoire and organisations that sustain classical music. In this landscape, women are singers, and few have the means to challenge the constructions of gender they are asked to reproduce. The Pomegranate Cycle uses recording technologies as the means of driving change because these technologies have already challenged the regulation of the classical tradition by changing people’s modes of accessing, creating and interacting with music. Building on the work of artists including Phillips and van Veen, Robert Ashley and Diamanda Galas, The Pomegranate Cycle seeks to broaden the definition of what opera can be. This work examines the ways in which the operatic tradition can be hybridised with contemporary musical forms such as ambient electronica, glitch, spoken word and concrete sounds as a way of bringing the form into dialogue with contemporary music cultures. The ultilisation of other sound cultures within the context of opera enables women’s voices and stories to be presented in new ways, while also providing a point of friction with opera’s traditional storytelling devices. The Pomegranate Cycle simulates aesthetics associated with Western art music genres by drawing on contemporary recording techniques, virtual instruments and sound-processing plug-ins. Through such simulations, the work disrupts the way virtuosic human craft has been used to generate authenticity and regulate access to the institutions that protect and produce Western art music. The DIY approach to production, recording, composition and performance of The Pomegranate Cycle demonstrates that an opera can be realised by a single person. Access to the broader institutions which regulate the tradition are not necessary. In short, The Pomegranate Cycle establishes that a singer can be more than a voice and a performing body. She can be her own multimedia storyteller. Her audience can be anywhere.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aims to determine a better methodology to help predicting some operational parameters to a new design of mixer-settler on treating wastewater produced by petroleum industry, called MDIF (Misturador-Decantador ? Invers?o de Fases/ Mixer-Settler based on Phase Inversion MSPI). The data from this research were obtained from the wastewater treatment unit, called MSPI-TU, installed on a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of PETROBRAS/UO-RNCE. The importance in determining the better methodology to predict the results of separation and extraction efficiency of the equipment, contributes significantly to determine the optimum operating variables for the control of the unit. The study was based on a comparison among the experimental efficiency (E) obtained by operating MSPI-TU, the efficiency obtained by experimental design equation (Eplan) from the software Statistica Experimental Design? (version 7.0), and the other obtained from a modeling equation based on a dimensional analysis (Ecalc). The results shows that the experimental design equation gives a good prediction of the unit efficiencies with better data reliability, regarding to the condition before a run operation. The average deviation between the proposed by statistic planning model equation and experimental data was 0.13%. On the other hand, the efficiency calculated by the equation which represents the dimensional analysis, may result on important relative deviations (up 70%). Thus, the experimental design is confirmed as a reliable tool, with regard the experimental data processing of the MSPI-TU
Este trabalho objetiva determinar a melhor metodologia para auxiliar na predi??o de vari?veis operacionais de um novo design de misturador-decantador aplicado ao tratamento de ?guas produzidas da ind?stria do petr?leo, que vem sendo denominado de MDIF (Misturador-Decantador ? Invers?o de Fases). Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos da Unidade de Tratamento de ?guas produzidas, denominada de UT-MDIF, que se encontra instalada em uma das esta??es de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) da PETROBRAS/UORNCE. A import?ncia em determinar a melhor metodologia que permita a predi??o dos resultados das efici?ncias de separa??o e extra??o do equipamento, contribui de forma significativa para otimiza??o das vari?veis operacionais para o controle da unidade. O estudo se baseou na compara??o dos resultados das efici?ncias experimentais (E) obtidas pela UTMDIF, com os resultados das efici?ncias obtidas pela equa??o do modelo do planejamento estat?stico (Eplan), gerado pelo programa Statistica Experimental Design? (vers?o 7.0), e com a utiliza??o de uma equa??o utilizando modelagem com base em an?lise dimensional (Ecalc). Os resultados mostram que a equa??o decorrente do planejamento estat?stico ? capaz de predizer, com boa aproxima??o, os resultados de efici?ncia a serem obtidos com a unidade, possibilitando uma melhor confiabilidade dos dados, no que se refere ? condi??o que antecede uma corrida operacional. O desvio m?dio entre a equa??o proposta e os dados experimentais ? de 0,13%. Por outro lado, a efici?ncia calculada pela equa??o da an?lise dimensional pode apresentar desvios relativos importantes (at? 70%). Desta forma, o planejamento estat?stico experimental se confirma como sendo uma ferramenta confi?vel, no que se refere ao tratamento dos dados experimentais da UT-MDIF

The research activity done during the three years Joint Doctorate in Fusion Science and Engineering was focused on negative ion sources and dedicated to numerical investigations of beam optics, experimental measurements and development of improvements for experimental devices. In particular, I carried out investigations on plasma source behavior and beam extraction under different operational conditions, paying special attention to beam optics improvement and co-extracted electron suppression efficiency, as well as analysing and developing solutions by means of numerical codes such as SLACCAD and OPERA, supported by dedicated post-processing by MATLAB scripts. I investigated the beam properties for three negative ion beam sources: SPIDER and NIO1 at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy) and NITS at National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Naka, Japan). SPIDER is the full-scale prototype of the negative ion source for ITER negative ion beam injectors (NBIs) and is in the advanced construction and assembly phase, so no further design improvements could have been done. SPIDER is provided with several peculiar design solutions: I have numerically assessed the efficiency of such solutions related to beam optics with 40 beamlets (half SPIDER beamlet group). I participated in the joint experiments of Consorzio RFX and QST in the NITS facility. The aim of this collaboration was to prove experimentally, for the first time, the effectiveness of a specific magnetic field configuration adopted for ITER NBIs requiring the use of the so-called ADCM magnets to correct the residual magnetic deflection of the beamlets induced by the (CESM) magnets devoted to deflect the co-extracted electrons. In particular my contribution was to design the new extraction grid and the new magnets (both CESM and ADCM) to be installed on the source. I also cooperated to the data analysis. Lastly, for the NIO1 source, I participated in the experimental sessions since the beginning, and I gave my contribution to the spectroscopic characterization of the source and to beam optics characterization. These experimental observations suggested some upgrades needed for optics improvement. Hence, I moved in this direction designing a new extraction grid and new magnet configurations. Furthermore, the successful experimental evidences at NITS have made us confident to introduce ADCM also in NIO1. This design work was performed in strict collaboration with Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL, Legnaro, Italy). Unfortunately, these upgrades will be not installed on the source before spring 2017 and thus no experimental evidences of beam optics improvements are available yet. Concerning the thesis manuscript, it is constituted by five chapters, followed by an additional summary. Here is a brief summary of the chapter contents. In the first chapter I give an introduction on Fusion and ITER, highlighting the need for the use of NBIs in future fusion devices and the general issues related to MITICA, which is the full size prototype of ITER NBI. In the second chapter there is a general description of the theoretical considerations related to the physics of plasma in the source, beam extraction and optics, and main components constituting the ion sources. The final part of the chapter is dedicated to the presentation of the numerical tools available at Consorzio RFX: SLACCAD, EAMCC, COMSOL and OPERA. Concerning the latter, since it is the most important numerical tool I used during my PhD, I dwell more on the possibilities it can offer and I provide also a sensitivity study in order to increase the calculation precision. While the first two chapters have essentially introductory purposes, the last three present the actual activities I performed on the three ion sources, SPIDER, NITS and NIO1, as briefly described so far. In particular each of the three chapters is focused on the activity done on just one machine. Lastly, two appendixes supplement this thesis concerning further activities, which are loosely related to the rest. These are the development of an Excel GUI, in Visual Basic language, to simplify the interaction with NIO1 database (Appendix A) and investigations on the energy recovery system efficiency that NIO1 will feature in the future, an activity carried out in collaboration with CNR institute of Bari (Appendix B).
L'attività di ricerca svolta durante i tre anni del dottorato in Fusion Science and Engineering si è concentrata sulle sorgenti di ioni negativi e in particolare sulle simulazioni numeriche dell’ottica del fascio, sulle misure sperimentali e sullo sviluppo di miglioramenti. In particolare, ho eseguito indagini sul plasma in sorgente e sull’estrazione del fascio, in diverse condizioni operative. Particolare attenzione è stata data al miglioramento dell’ottica del fascio, all’efficienza della soppressione degli elettroni co-estratti, così come all'analisi e allo sviluppo di nuove soluzioni. Ciò è stato fatto per mezzo di codici numerici come SLACCAD e OPERA, supportati da appositi script MATLAB per post-processing. Ho studiato le proprietà del fascio di tre sorgenti di ioni negativi: SPIDER e NIO1 presso il Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italia) e NITS presso il National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Naka, Giappone). SPIDER è il prototipo in scala reale della sorgente di ioni negativi per l’iniettore di fasci neutri previsto per ITER, che attualmente è in fase avanzata di montaggio. Non sono, quindi, possibili ulteriori miglioramenti progettuali. SPIDER è dotato di diverse peculiari soluzioni progettuali legate all’ottica del fascio e ho provveduto alla valutazione dell'efficacia di tali soluzioni. Ho preso parte agli esperimenti della collaborazione tra Consorzio RFX e QST sulla sorgente giapponese NITS. L'obiettivo di questa collaborazione è stato quello di dimostrare sperimentalmente, per la prima volta, l'efficacia di una configurazione di campo magnetico prevista per l’iniettore di neutri per ITER. Tale soluzione prevede l'uso dei cosiddetti magneti ADCM, per correggere la deflessione residua dei fasci indotti dai magneti dedicati a deviare gli elettroni co-estratti (CESM). In particolare, il mio contributo è stato quello di progettare la nuova griglia di estrazione e i nuovi magneti (sia CESM e ADCM) da installare nella nuova griglia. Ho anche collaborato all'analisi dei dati sperimentali. Infine, per la sorgente NIO1, ho partecipato alle sessioni sperimentali fin dal loro inizio, dando il mio contributo alla caratterizzazione spettroscopica della sorgente e alla caratterizzazione dell’ottica del fascio. Le osservazioni sperimentali hanno suggerito alcuni aggiornamenti necessari per il miglioramento dell’ottica di NIO1: la progettazione di una nuova griglia di estrazione e il dimensionamento di nuovi magneti. Inoltre, il successo della campagna sperimentale in NITS ha suggerito di introdurre gli ADCM anche in NIO1. Il lavoro di progettazione è stato eseguito in stretta collaborazione con i Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL, Legnaro, Italia). Purtroppo, però, questi aggiornamenti non saranno installati su NIO1 prima della primavera del 2017 e quindi nessuna conferma sperimentale che evidenzi i miglioramenti effettivi, sono disponibili al momento. Per quanto riguarda il presente lavoro di tesi, esso è costituito da cinque capitoli principali, seguiti da una conclusione finale. Segue ora una breve presentazione dei contenuti dei vari capitoli. Nel primo capitolo presento un’introduzione sulla Fusione e ITER, evidenziando la necessità dell'uso d’iniettori di neutri nelle future centrali a fusione e le questioni generali relative a MITICA, che è il prototipo a dimensioni reali dell’iniettore di neutri di ITER. Nel secondo capitolo vi è una descrizione generale delle considerazioni teoriche relative a: fisica del plasma in sorgente, estrazione del fascio e la sua ottica. La parte finale del capitolo è dedicata alla presentazione degli strumenti numerici disponibili presso il Consorzio RFX: SLACCAD, EAMCC, COMSOL e OPERA. Per quanto riguarda quest'ultimo, essendo lo strumento numerico più adoperato durante il mio dottorato, presento più in dettaglio le sue potenzialità, sostenute anche uno studio di sensibilità, al fine di aumentare la precisione di calcolo. Mentre i primi due capitoli hanno scopi essenzialmente introduttivi, gli ultimi tre presentano le attività da me effettivamente svolte sulle tre sorgenti di SPIDER, NITS e NIO1, come brevemente descritto finora. In particolare ciascuno dei tre capitoli è focalizzato sull'attività fatta su una delle macchine. Infine, due appendici relative a ulteriori attività, che sono connesse al resto solo in parte, completano questa tesi. Tali appendici trattano: lo sviluppo, in linguaggio Visual Basic, di un’interfaccia grafica per Excel per semplificare l'interazione con il database di NIO1 (Appendice A); lo studio dell’efficienza del sistema di recupero di energia degli ioni non neutralizzati, che sarà utilizzato su NIO1 in futuro, attività svolta in collaborazione con l'Istituto CNR di Bari (Appendice B).

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The purpose of this study has been to investigate the relationship between saying and doing in natural environment, in a therapeutic session. Another aim has been to determine whether any change of behavior in the therapist would occur as result of the interview about the correspondence, employing to this effect a multiple baseline procedure. An adult therapist, two years after graduation, participated in the study, with the therapeutic sessions audio-recorded and transcribed, to be later subjected to four interviews with an average of (12) twelve situations about the criteria of behavior of the therapist. Three criteria selected from psychotherapy manuals (two concerning therapist desirable behavior and one of undesirable behavior), were used as a target of each interview. Having the target behavior for each interview been previously selected, the researcher narrated the preceding piece and inquired of the therapist what he had done in that situation, and compared the narrated responses with those observed. The results suggest that there is correspondence between narrated and observed behaviors. They have also shown that the narration requested in the procedure of multiple baselines improved the therapist performance according to the criteria of the literature. The results are discussed in terms of production of verbal correspondence and adjustments made in responding, that narration produces in the performance
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a correspondência entre dizer e fazer em ambiente natural, em uma sessão terapêutica. Um segundo objetivo foi verificar se haveria alguma mudança no comportamento do terapeuta como efeito da entrevista sobre a correspondência, utilizando para isso um procedimento de linha de base múltipla. Participou deste estudo um terapeuta adulto, com 2 anos de formado, que teve de suas sessões terapêuticas gravadas em áudio e transcritas para posteriormente ser submetido a 4 entrevistas com uma média de 12 situações sobre esses critérios do comportamento do terapeuta. Três critérios selecionados a partir de manuais de psicoterapia (dois a respeito de comportamento desejáveis e um de comportamento indesejável do terapeuta) foram utilizados como alvo de cada entrevista. Selecionado o comportamento alvo para cada entrevista previamente, a pesquisadora relatava o trecho antecedente e perguntava ao terapeuta o que ele tinha feito naquela situação, e comparava as respostas relatadas com as respostas observadas. Os resultados indicam que há correspondência entre o comportamento relatado e o comportamento observado. Mostraram também que o relatar solicitado no procedimento de linha de base múltipla, melhorou o desempenho do terapeuta segundo os critérios da literatura. Os resultados são discutidos em termos de produção de correspondência verbal e de ajustes no responder que o relatar produz no desempenho

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The management of water resources in the river basin level, as it defines the Law n? 9433/97, requires the effective knowledge of the processes of hydrological basin, resulting from studies based on consistent series of hydrological data that reflect the characteristics of the basin. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop the modeling of catchment basin of the river Jundia? - RN and carry out the study of attenuation of a flood of the dam Tabatinga, by means of a monitoring project of hydrological data and climatology of the basin, with a view to promoting the development of research activities by applying methodologies unified and appropriate for the assessment of hydrological studies in the transition region of the semiarid and the forest zone on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. For the study of the hydrological characteristics of the basin was conducted the automatic design of the basin of the river Jundia?, with the aid of programs of geoprocessing, was adopted a hydrological model daily, the NRCS, which is a model determined and concentrated. For the use of this model was necessary to determine some parameters that are used in this model, as the Curve Number. Having in mind that this is the first study that is being conducted in the basin with the employment of this model, it was made sensitivity analysis of the results of this model from the adoption of different values of CN, situated within a range appropriate to the conditions of use, occupation and the nature of the soil of this basin. As the objective of this study was also developing a simulation model of the operation of the Tabatinga dam and with this flood control caused in the city of Maca?ba, it was developed a mathematical model of fluid balance, developed to be used in Microsoft Excel. The simulation was conducted in two phases: the first step was promoted the water balance daily that allowed the analysis of the sensitivity of the model in relation to the volume of waiting, as well as the determination of the period of greatest discharges daily averages. From this point, it was assumed for the second stage, which was in the determination of the hydrograph of discharges effluent slots, that was determined by means of the fluid balance time, on the basis of the discharges effluents generated by a mathematical equation whose parameters were adjusted according to the hydrograph daily. Through the analyzes it was realized that the dam Tabatinga only has how to carry out the attenuation of floods through the regularization of the volume of waiting, with this there is a loss of approximately 56.5% on storage capacity of this dam, because for causing the attenuation effect of filled the shell of this dam has to remain more than 5m below the level of the sill, representing at least 50.582.927m3. The results obtained with the modeling represents a first step in the direction of improving the level of hydrological information about the behavior of the basins of the semiarid. In order to monitor quantitatively the hydrographic basin of the river Jundia? will be necessary to install a rain gauge register, next to the Tabatinga dam and a pressure transducer, for regular measurements of flow in the reservoir of the dam. The climatological data will be collected in full automatic weather station installed in Agricultural School Jundia?
A gest?o de recursos h?dricos em n?vel da bacia hidrogr?fica, como define a Lei n? 9433/97, exige o conhecimento efetivo dos processos hidrol?gicos da bacia, decorrentes de estudos baseados em s?ries consistentes de dados hidrol?gicos que espelhem as caracter?sticas da bacia. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver a modelagem hidrol?gica da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Jundia? RN e realizar o estudo da atenua??o de cheia da barragem Tabatinga visando a implanta??o de bacia representativa e experimental, atrav?s de um projeto de monitoramento de dados hidrol?gicos e climatol?gicos da bacia, com o intuito de favorecer o desenvolvimento de atividades de pesquisa aplicando-se metodologias unificadas e apropriadas para a avalia??o de estudos hidrol?gicos na regi?o de transi??o do semi?rido e a zona da mata no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. Para o estudo das caracter?sticas hidrol?gicas da bacia foi realizado o delineamento autom?tico da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Jundia?, com o aux?lio de programas de geoprocessamento; adotou-se um modelo hidrol?gico di?rio, o NRCS, que ? um modelo determin?stico e concentrado. Para utiliza??o deste modelo foi necess?rio determinar alguns par?metros que s?o utilizados nesse modelo, como o Curva- N?mero. Tendo em vista que este estudo ? o primeiro que est? sendo realizado nesta bacia com o emprego deste modelo, foi feita an?lise de sensibilidade dos resultados deste modelo a partir da ado??o de diferentes valores de CN, situados dentro de uma faixa adequada ?s condi??es do uso, ocupa??o e natureza do solo desta bacia. Como o objetivo deste estudo foi tamb?m desenvolver um modelo de simula??o de opera??o da barragem Tabatinga e com isto controlar as inunda??es ocasionadas na cidade de Maca?ba, foi elaborado um modelo matem?tico de balan?o h?drico, desenvolvido para ser aplicado em planilha Microsoft Excel. A simula??o foi realizada em duas etapas: na primeira etapa promoveu-se o balan?o h?drico di?rio que permitiu analisar a sensibilidade do modelo em rela??o ao volume de espera, assim como a determina??o do per?odo de maiores vaz?es m?dias di?rias. A partir disso, partiu-se para a segunda etapa, que constituiu na determina??o do hidrograma das vaz?es efluentes hor?rias, que foi determinado atrav?s do balan?o h?drico hor?rio, tendo como base as vaz?es afluentes geradas por uma equa??o matem?tica cujos par?metros foram ajustados de acordo com o hidrograma di?rio. Atrav?s das an?lises percebeu-se que a barragem Tabatinga s? tem como realizar a atenua??o de cheias atrav?s da regulariza??o do volume de espera, com isso h? uma perda de aproximadamente 56,5% na capacidade de armazenamento desta barragem, pois para provocar o efeito de atenua??o de cheia o reservat?rio dessa barragem tem que permanecer mais de 5m abaixo do n?vel da soleira, representando no m?nimo 50.582.927 m3. Os resultados obtidos com a modelagem representam um primeiro passo na dire??o de melhorar o n?vel de informa??o hidrol?gica sobre o comportamento das bacias do semi?rido. Nesse intuito, para monitorar quantitativamente a bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Jundia? ser? necess?rio instalar um pluvi?grafo, pr?ximo a barragem Tabatinga e um lin?grafo de press?o, para medi??es regulares de vaz?o no reservat?rio da barragem. Os dados climatol?gicos ser?o coletados na esta??o meteorol?gica autom?tica completa instalada na Escola Agr?cola Jundia?

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:00/11446-0

The concept of style fusion for visual storytelling is introduced and applied in this research. Style fusion is the process of identifying two distinct styles as sources, which are from different artists or culture backgrounds, and applying features and visual symbols from both to develop a new style. As a proof of concept, the source performance styles selected for fusion are traditional Chinese Beijing opera and hip hop. A set of guidelines for this style fusion are developed after an analysis of the visual symbols of each source style. A character and an environment design fusion are done based on these guidelines. Finally, the style fusion is visualized using 3D models.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
戲劇學系
99
Nearly 60 years ago, a war rendered “Henan opera” relocating to Taiwan along with the troops evacuating from Henan, China. In the advent of time changes, starting from 1963, the Army theaters were gradually disbanded. When Taiwan “indigenous consciousness” was gradually peaking, the “native tongue” which represented Henan opera became the so called “provincial show” and how to continue the existence in Taiwan in addition to locate the necessity of existence became the major topic for the opera troupe. The first attempt of the cross-cultural adaptation play was《Turandot》in the year of 2000 for Taiwan BanZi Opera Company, and this adaptation play was also the first from foreign playwright text by the Henan opera troupe here in Taiwan. Amongst both the critiques and accolades by the press media, Taiwan BanZi Opera Company made the first, innovative and bold step forward, and it also opened up constant trials in every possible direction for this troupe in the next dozen years. After all these years, with accumulations of such diverse production experiences, so, we shall ask: What kind of change and growth do these contribute to Taiwan BanZi Opera Company? This thesis not only would analyze the playwright text, but also use large amount of the first-hand interview information so as to delve deep inside the internal production process by the opera troupe as well as the interpretational experiences shared by the actors in general. And through the comprehensive analysis of the playwright text, interviewing the opera troupe members and personal participation and observation, thus, the innovation and experimentation of Taiwan Henan opera troupe for the past dozen years would undergo an integral profiling. In addition to cutting in, observing and analyzing the evolving line of thought and the problems encountered during the innovation and experimentation stage, this thesis tried to approach the research from the perspectives of culture and creativeness. The research findings of this thesis as opposed to Taiwan BanZi Opera Company can provide the reviews for the past, recommendations for the future. And this thesis also expects that it can provide as reference and foundation for possible problems encountered and obstacles faced while other traditional opera troupes might have faced the demands of innovation and experimentation in production.

Si le Modèle Standard décrit encore la plupart des phénomènes connus, l'observation des oscillations de saveurs des neutrinos constitue une brèche significative à ce cadre. De plus, un certain nombre d'arguments théoriques semblent favoriser aujourd'hui des cadres d'interprétation plus larges, basés sur l'extension du groupe de symétries internes (théories de Grande Unification), de symétries externes changeant les propriétés de l'espace-temps (les dimensions supplémentaires), ou encore des deux (la supersymétrie). Dans tous les cas cependant le Modèle Standard demeure la théorie effective des "basses énergies", c'est-à-dire des phénomènes en deça de l'échelle électro-faible. Sa compréhension et celle de ses limitations constituent donc le point de départ obligé de la recherche de toute nouvelle physique. Dans ce cadre, la recherche du boson de Higgs revêt aujourd'hui le caractère de recherche prioritaire, puisqu'il est intimement lié au mécanisme de génération des masses. Les études menées pendant la phase de préparation des expériences CDF et D0 à la période de haute luminosité ont montré que la mise en évidence de cette particule, dans le cadre standard ou non, requiert avant tout une luminosité de plus de $10 fb^(-1)$ par expérience. Dans l'hypothèse où ce chiffre ne serait pas atteint, les expériences CDF et DO apporteront toutefois des indications précieuses quant à l'existence d'un Higgs neutre "léger", notamment dans le cadre des mesures de précision sur la masse du boson W et la masse du quark top, qui contraignent fortement la masse du Higgs dans le cadre du Modèle Standard. Le Modèle Standard semble être déjà mis en défaut par le phénomène d'oscillation des neutrinos d'une saveur à l'autre. Si ce dernier est confirmé, et OPERA participe directement à ce programme, il faudra établir les paramètres de la "matrice CKM pour les leptons". La détermination de ses paramètres constituera encore un programme de longue haleine pour la physique des particules.

OPERA (Gran-Sasso, Italie) est une expérience neutrino sur longue distance dédiée à la détection de neutrinos tau apparaissant dans un faisceau pur de neutrinos muon produit au CERN (730 km plus loin), ceci dans le but d'observer l'oscillation numu->nutau.
L'expérience exploite une technologie mixte de détecteurs électroniques et de blocs cibles composés en alternance, de plaques de plomb et d'émulsions nucléaires dans le but de signer efficacement la présence d'interaction du nutau. Les excellentes caractéristiques de résolutions angulaire et spatiale des émulsions sont des éléments fondamentaux pour l'expérience OPERA. Le travail de thèse a d'abord consisté à développer des outils d'analyse permettant la détermination d'impulsion des particules chargées par diffusion coulombienne multiple dans les cibles, ainsi qu'à mettre au point une méthode de reconstruction des vertex d'interaction pour les événements neutrino à vertex multiples. De cette manière il a été possible de
développer une analyse multivariable permettant de discriminer les événements charmés des événements tau dans le but d'exploiter le canal de désintégration du tau en trois hadrons chargés avec le détecteur OPERA. Ces outils ont été ensuite testés sur les événements d'interactions neutrinos observées tout d'abord avec un test en faisceau PEANUT, puis avec les premiers événements d'OPERA accumulés lors du fonctionnement du faisceau CNGS en 2007. La première analyse combinée de ces événements a montré une bonne compréhension des méthodes d'analyse et du fonctionnement du détecteur OPERA.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
戲劇學研究所
98
The master''s thesis has two parts－the play and the analysis. "Flashing Seasons, Hidden Times" is an original Chinese Opera play. It patterns the mode of Yuan Drama ,consisting of one prologue and four sections. With four sections and one epilogue, the play threads four stories which happened in spring, summer, autumn and winter, connecting four women who suffered unspeakable loneliness from different situations. Seasons are flashing and time is hidden, while four stories were assembled in the epilogue. Seasons change on laws of nature, but how hard it is for women to reveal their heavy hearts! The analysis is divided into seven sections. In addition to preface and conclusion, it discusses the origin of writing, the arrangement of the plot, space-time in the story, and inner secrets of four main characters, attempting to review the whole process of the writing.