Relevant bibliographies by topics / Operating leverage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Operating leverage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Operating leverage"

1

Novy-Marx, Robert. "Operating Leverage*." Review of Finance 15, no. 1 (August 17, 2010): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfq019.

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Iffath Unnisa Begum, Amtul Waha, Aithagoni Pranathi, Akarapu Navyanjali, Alfiya Begum, and Allampally Deekshitha. "A Study on Profitability Analysis at Shreejee Tex Print Pvt Ltd." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (April 6, 2024): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0087.

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The major objective of this study is to analyses and understand the impact of leverage on the profitability of the firm. This study investigates the relationship between the leverage (financial leverage, operating leverage and combined leverage) and the earning per share. And it aims to describe how the earning capacity of the firm is influenced by the fixed operating costs and the fixed financial charges. Leverage analysis is an important tool in the business. Though leverage analysis firm can analyses the impact of fixed cost. Data is retrieved from the financial statements of the company for the five years and accordingly the leverages, degree of leverages are analyzed. The present study makes an attempt to analyses the impact of both operating leverage and financial leverage which obviously gives combined leverage. We can maximize the returns through leverage. Profitability refers to the operational efficiency of a company to generate profit. A company should earn profit to survive and grow over a long period of time. Profitability is measure of efficiency and control it indicates the efficiency and effectiveness with which the operations of the business carried on. The results suggest that the leverage and profitability are related, and leverages are having impact on the profitability of the firm.
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Chen, Huafeng (Jason), Jason V. Chen, Feng Li, and Pengfei Li. "Measuring Operating Leverage." Review of Asset Pricing Studies 12, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 112–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rapstu/raab025.

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Abstract We examine a simple measure of operating leverage: the ratio of fixed costs (measured by depreciation and amortization plus selling, general, and administrative expenses) to the market (or book) value of assets. We find that this measure of operating leverage positively predicts returns. This operating leverage measure is not explained by common factors and performs better than the traditional measures of operating leverage. Furthermore, an exploratory two-factor model with the operating leverage factor works at least as well as, but does not subsume, the Fama and French five-factor model. (JEL G11, G12, G30)
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Li, Zhun, Qiang Li, and Yong Zeng. "Contraction flexibility, operating leverage, and financial leverage." Journal of Management Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2020.02.002.

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Jiao, Feng, Michi Nishihara, and Chuanqian Zhang. "OPERATING LEVERAGE AND UNDERINVESTMENT." Journal of Financial Research 42, no. 3 (September 2019): 553–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12188.

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Putra, Riandana, and Juliana Kadang. "PENGARUH OPERATING LEVERAGE DAN FINANCIAL LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Universitas Tadulako (JIMUT) 6, no. 2 (October 22, 2020): 096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/jimut.v6i2.224.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh operating leverage dan financial leverage terhadap profitabilitas. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan populasi sebesar 18 perusahaan makanan dan minuman. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebesar 10 perusahaan yang diobservasi selama lima tahun, yaitu tahun 2014-2018. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan operating leverage yang diproyeksikan dengan degree of operating leverage (DOL) dan financial leverage yang diproyeksikan dengan degree of financial leverage (DFL) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas yang diukur dengan ROE. Secara parsial DOL berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan DFL tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitaabilitas.
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Sarkar, Sudipto. "The relationship between operating leverage and financial leverage." Accounting & Finance 60, S1 (May 24, 2018): 805–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12374.

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Dogan, Figen Gunes. "Non-cancellable Operating Leases and Operating Leverage." European Financial Management 22, no. 4 (July 30, 2015): 576–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eufm.12069.

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Faisal, Syed Mohammad, Ahmad Khalid Khan, and Omar Abdullah Al-Aboud. "Study of Managerial Decision Making Linked to Operating and Financial Leverage." Accounting and Finance Research 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n1p139.

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In this paper, we as researchers try to quantify the effect of Operating Income or Earning Before Income and Taxes (EBIT) on individual listed firm on stock market and we study simultaneously the effects of Earning Per Share (EPS) on shareholder wealth.Furthermore, we tried to build up hypothetically an optimal capital structure firm that uses an appropriate combination of Equity as well as Debt.Rate of Interest and Tax are based on assumptions keeping in mind the present economic conditions of USA (assumed).We have studied in detail about Operating and Financial Leverages and thus further explained Degree of Operating Leverage (DOOL) as well as Degree of Financial Leverage (DOFL). In our study, initially we try to give a conceptual framework of the Leveraged Firm by taking hypothetical statistics and then in conclusion part Managerial Role and decision-making is discussed.During our study, intense literature review and genuine hypothetical figures fitted to present economic conditions of Tax Rate and Interest Rates done in order to link with managerial decision making in levered companies.
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Paganini, Marco A. "Potential and Real Operating Leverage." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n8p138.

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In this paper has been analysed the EBIT dynamic of a firm with high margins, strong revenues growth not paired by an adequate EBIT growth. The concept of the Degree of Operating Leverage developed by the economic literature was useful to highlight such a problem without explaining the root causes. Even standard income statement analyses cannot explain in depth such an unsatisfactory trend without turning to management accounting that was not available, like in many SMEs. The Author used some information coming from income statements, Revenues accounting and the discrimination between Variable and Fixed Costs to investigate the business case. He developed a method that throws light on EBIT dynamic between two financial periods in terms of quantity, mix, price and cost variations either managed or planned by the Top Management. The basic finding is that EBIT dynamic is explained by some parameters in period 1, the past period, and some variations in period 2, the current period. The link between such periods is the Degree of Operating Leverage, declined in an ex-ante measure, already given for the past period, and the variations of the current period that determines its ex-post measure. In this framework becomes immediately glaring how it is possible to find high margins coupled with inadequate EBIT growth and where the faults lie. In general, the method developed is very useful to understand the EBIT dynamic of any firm and to plan its future course more accurately.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Operating leverage"

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Löwenthal, Simon, and Henry Nyman. "Do Firms Balance Their Operating and Financial Leverage? - The Relationship Between Operating and Financial Leverage in Swedish Listed Companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202220.

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Previous research on the tradeoff between operating and financial leverage has come to contradicting results, thus, there is no consensus of opinion regarding van Horne’s tradeoff theory. This study investigates whether there is support for the tradeoff theory on a sample of 347 Swedish, listed firms. Unlike previous studies, we employ a method with direct measures using guidance provided by Penman (2012), rather than using the more common degree of operating and financial leverage as proxies. During the time period 2006-2011 we find a statistically significant negative relationship of 0.214 using an OLS regression with financial leverage as the dependent variable, giving support for the tradeoff theory. The adjusted explanatory power (adjusted R2) is however rather low, despite adding four control variables, reaching only 7.4%.
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Yao, Yujia. "Operating Leverage and Systematic Risk of the U.S. Airline Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2148.

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This study provides empirical evidence of a positive relationship between operating leverage and systematic risk of the U.S. airline industry. This paper contributes to the literature related to operating leverage by developing a method to estimate the degree of operating leverage using publicly available information on aircraft capacity and operating expenses of the publicly listed airlines. The results suggest that, holding other financial characteristics constant, a rise in operating leverage of an airline is associated with an increase in systematic risk as perceived by the investors. In order to achieve desirable levels of operating leverage, the airlines are advised to contemplate decisions on capacity adjustments and operating expenses management in reactions to changes in economic conditions.
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HUANG, YUXIN. "Impact of Labor Protection Laws on the Operating and Financial Risks of Firms: The Case of China." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2546.

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A debate exists regarding the effect of labor protection laws on labor costs. Whether labor protection laws increase or decrease labor costs has implications for risk exposure of affected firms. If the labor costs go up, all else the same, the firm’s breakeven point goes up. Facing increased business risk, the firm must resort to strategies that inhibit the risk exposure, especially if the higher labor costs cannot be transferred, without adverse consequences, to consumers. The strategies include reigning in, if at all possible, operating leverage and financial leverage. Conversely, if the labor costs decrease, a firm’s business risk declines, and the firm has options to increase its operating leverage and/or financial leverage, lower the product price, or do nothing. By examining the Chinese firms’ reactions to the 2007 labor protection laws, we draw conclusions about laws’ directional impact on labor costs. We find that Chinese firms attempt to reduce business risk by lessening labor intensity, and labor-intensive firms are able to reduce the labor intensity at a significantly higher rate than capital-intensive firms. Neither group is able to significantly reduce asset tangibility. We also find that all firms significantly reduce their financial leverages. Consequently, firms’ investments, as measured by sales growth, decline in the post-reform period. These results are consistent with the cost of labor increasing as a result of the stricter labor protection laws.
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Li, Rong-Jen. "Combined Leverage and the Volatility of Stock Prices." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331340/.

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Much has been written during the past decade to explain the relationship between financial and operating leverage and stock-price volatility. However, the relationship between combined leverage and stock-price volatility has yet to be fully explored. Mandelker and Rhee's (MR) recent study uses both operating and financial leverage in a regression (equivalent to the traditional total leverage—DTL) and shows that both types of leverage are positively associated with common stock betas. Huffman recently demonstrated that there are interactions between operating leverage and financial leverage. Therefore, MR's model could be oversimplified. This study examines the relationship between firms' combined leverage and their stock-price volatility. The study also examines industry and industry growth to see if the relationship is influenced by these factors. The question is whether DOCL is a better risk measure than DTL and whether there is an interaction between operating and financial leverage. The inferences that can be drawn from the study's results are as follows: (a) Stock risk is a function of combined leverage; (b) Industry significantly influences the relationship between stock risk and DOCL; (c) High growth increases the relationship between stock risk and DOCL; (d) Combined leverage (DOCL) is a better risk measure than total leverage (DTL). Further, the problem with the traditional total leverage measure is the omission of the interaction between DOL and DFL. This is consistent with Huffman's theory and suggests Mandelker and Rhee's model is oversimplified.
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Troughton, Mark Timothy. "An empirical investigation of the inter-relationships between systematic risk, financial leverage and operating leverage of industrial companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16112.

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Bibliography: pages 234-247.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) postulates that beta is a quantitative measure of a company's undiversifiable risk, the determinants of which are of considerable interest to financial managers and investors alike. Analytical research has shown that beta is a positive function of a company's unlevered or asset beta and its market value debt to equity ratio (i.e. financial leverage). In turn, unlevered beta has been shown to be a positive function of a company's operating leverage, and the trade-off between operating and financial leverage proposed as a means of stabilising beta. The objective of this research was to empirically determine the nature of the relationships · between: beta and financial leverage; beta and operating leverage; and financial and operating leverage. A significant level of positive association was hypothesised between beta and both financial and operating leverage, while a significant negative association was hypothesised between financial leverage and operating leverage.
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Yue, Xiabin, and Bo Xing. "The impact of R&D intensity on the volatility of stock price : A study of the Swedish Market during year 1997-2005." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-202.

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This thesis investigates the theoretical and empirical relationships between a firm’s R&D investment intensity and the systematic risk of its common stock in Sweden. This is done by examining 38 Swedish firms between 1997 and 2005. An overlapping set of 5-year window is chosen to apply to calculate the variables of the samples.

In this thesis, three factors are introduced as a proxy of main constituents of systematic risk: intrinsic business risk, degree of financial leverage and degree of operating leverage. And we use these three constituents to analysis the relationship between R&D investment and systematic risk.

The results from Monte Carlos simulations and correlation analysis of our sample show that, in Sweden, firms with higher R&D intensity do face higher stock price volatility in the stock market. At the same time, we attempt to test the relationship among R&D and systematic risk’s three constituents, but find that R&D intensive firms have more financial leverage which is opposite to our expect, which might due to the shortage of data and limitation of our sample selection, and R&D intensive firms do not have obvious relations directly with intrinsic business risk, degree of financial leverage or degree of operating leverage.

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Bonito, Miguel Filipe Rocha. "Estudo comparativo de efeitos de alavancagem no risco sistemático baseado no CAPM entre empresas do PSI 20 e IBEX 35." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18258.

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Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar os efeitos de alavancagem no risco sistemático nas empresas não financeiras do PSI 20 e do IBEX 35. A metodologia utilizada é descritiva e analítica, utilizando-se a análise de correlação de Pearson e a análise de modelos de dados de painel para efetuar uma comparação entre as empresas não financeiras do PSI 20 e IBEX 35, tendo como ponto de partida o referencial teórico do Capital Asset Pricing Model. Foi possível verificar para o conjunto de empresas não financeiras do PSI 20 e IBEX 35 que ambas as alavancagens são significativas, estando a alavancagem financeira positivamente relacionada com o risco sistemático e a alavancagem operacional negativamente relacionada com o risco sistemático. Analisando individualmente por mercado, no PSI 20 as conclusões são idênticas às do parágrafo anterior, enquanto no IBEX 35 apenas a alavancagem operacional é significativa, estando negativamente relacionada com o risco sistemático; ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to study the effects of leverage on the systematic risk of the non-financial companies in the IBEX 35 and PSI 20. The methodology used is descriptive and analytical, using the Pearson correlation analysis and panel data models analysis to make a comparison between the non-financial companies in the IBEX 35 and PSI 20 having as a starting point the theoretical framework of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The results show that, in the set of non-financial companies in the IBEX 35 and PSI 20, both leverages are significant, with the financial leverage being positively related with systematic risk and the operating leverage being negatively related with systematic risk. Moreover, the individual analysis of each market reveals that in the PSI 20 the conclusions are identical to the previous paragraph, while in the IBEX 35 only the operating leverage is significant, being negatively related with systematic risk.
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Lourenço, Wesley da Silva, and 0000-0002-0760-7644. "The Moderating Role Of Market Structure On The Relationship Between Firm Operational Performance And Degree Of Operating Leverage." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8869.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10960_DISSERTACAO - WESLEY LOURENCO.pdf: 1180702 bytes, checksum: 92a5bf3209b7bd23e332624e387fdd69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03
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Esta dissertação investiga o papel de moderação da estrutura de mercado na relação entre desempenho operacional e composição dos custos das empresas. Como proxy para a estrutura de mercado, adotou-se o Índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI); para o desempenho operacional, foi utilizado como proxy o retorno sobre o capital investido (ROIC); e para composição dos custos das empresas, o Grau de Alavancagem Operacional (DOL). A base de dados abrange empresas não financeiras no mercado brasileiro de 1996 a 2016, terceiro trimestre. Resultados apontam que a estrutura de mercado modera a relação entre ROIC e DOL, tendo maior efeito há medida que os mercados se aproximam de uma estrutura monopolística. Resultados em geral, sugerem a existência de relação entre o desempenho operacional das empresas e comportamento dos custos, indicado por uma relação negativa entre ROIC e DOL. Observa-se, também, um papel moderador significativo do Tamanho na função de moderação da estrutura de mercado (HHI) na relação entre ROIC e DOL, na medida em que a estrutura do mercado avança para configurações próximas do monopólio, o efeito moderador HHI torna-se mais latente.
This thesis investigates the moderation role of market structure on the relationship between operational performance and firms’ costs composition. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) were adopted as proxy for market structure; for operational performance, Return on Invested Capital (ROIC); and for firms’ cost choices, the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL). The database covers non-financial firms at Brazilian market from 1996 to 2016, third quarter. The output points toward to market structure moderation of the relationship between ROIC and DOL with an increase of the effect when markets comes near to a monopolistic structure. Overall results suggests the existence of a relation between firms’ operational performance and cost behavior, indicated by a negative relationship between ROIC and DOL. Furthermore, we notice a moderating role of Size on market structure (HHI) moderation role on the relationship between ROIC and DOL, in the extent that market structure moves towards a higher concentration level configuration, the moderating effect of HHI becomes more latent.
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LOURENCO, W. S. "The Moderating Role Of Market Structure On The Relationship Between Firm Operational Performance And Degree Of Operating Leverage." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8869.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10960_DISSERTACAO - WESLEY LOURENCO.pdf: 1180702 bytes, checksum: 92a5bf3209b7bd23e332624e387fdd69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03
Esta dissertação investiga o papel de moderação da estrutura de mercado na relação entre desempenho operacional e composição dos custos das empresas. Como proxy para a estrutura de mercado, adotou-se o Índice Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI); para o desempenho operacional, foi utilizado como proxy o retorno sobre o capital investido (ROIC); e para composição dos custos das empresas, o Grau de Alavancagem Operacional (DOL). A base de dados abrange empresas não financeiras no mercado brasileiro de 1996 a 2016, terceiro trimestre. Resultados apontam que a estrutura de mercado modera a relação entre ROIC e DOL, tendo maior efeito há medida que os mercados se aproximam de uma estrutura monopolística. Resultados em geral, sugerem a existência de relação entre o desempenho operacional das empresas e comportamento dos custos, indicado por uma relação negativa entre ROIC e DOL. Observa-se, também, um papel moderador significativo do Tamanho na função de moderação da estrutura de mercado (HHI) na relação entre ROIC e DOL, na medida em que a estrutura do mercado avança para configurações próximas do monopólio, o efeito moderador HHI torna-se mais latente.
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Elshqirat, Mohammad Kamel. "Multifactor Capital Asset Pricing Model in the Jordanian Stock Market." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5186.

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A valid and accurate capital asset pricing model (CAPM) may help investors and mutual funds managers in determining expected returns and thus, may increase profits which can be reflected on the community resources. The problem is that the traditional CAPM does not accurately predict the expected rate of return. A more accurate model is needed to help investors in determining the intrinsic price of the financial asset they want to sell or buy. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the single-factor CAPM and then develop and test the validity of a multifactor CAPM in the Jordanian stock market. The study was informed by the modern portfolio theory and specifically by the single-factor CAPM developed by Sharpe, Lintner, and Mossin. The research questions for the study examined the factors that may explain the variation in the expected rate of return on stocks in the Jordanian stock market and the relationship between the expected rate of return and factors of market return, company size, financial leverage, and operating leverage. A causal-comparative quantitative research design was employed to achieve the purpose of the study by testing the listed companies on the Amman stock exchange (ASE) for the period from 2000 to 2015. Data were collected from the ASE database and analyzed using the multiple regression model and t test. The results revealed that market return, company size, and financial leverage are not predictors of the expected rate of return while operating leverage is a predictor. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by changing the way the individual investors and mutual funds managers select their investing portfolios which can lead to better resource distribution in the economy.
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Books on the topic "Operating leverage"

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Danthine, Jean-Pierre. Labour contracts, operating leverage and asset pricing. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Meyer, Arnoud de. Operations capabilities and strategic competencies: Transform and leverage. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1996.

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Picone, Luca G. Orientamenti giurisprudenziali e profili operativi del leveraged buy out. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 2001.

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Glazer, Hillel. High performance operations: Leverage compliance to lower costs, increase profits, and gain competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press, 2012.

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Lenz, Richard K. Post-LBO Development: Analysis of Changes in Strategy, Operations, and Performance after the Exit from Leveraged Buyouts in Germany. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2010.

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Seferlis, Christopher, Christopher Nellis, and Timothy Andy Roberts. Practical Guide to Azure Cognitive Services: Leverage the Power of Azure OpenAI to Optimize Operations, Reduce Costs, and Deliver Cutting-Edge AI Solutions. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, Limited, 2023.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Impact on workers of takeovers, leveraged buyouts, corporate restructuring, and greenmail: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session, March 31 and June 15, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Impact on workers of takeovers, leveraged buyouts, corporate restructuring, and greenmail: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session, March 31 and June 15, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Impact on workers of takeovers, leveraged buyouts, corporate restructuring, and greenmail: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session, March 31 and June 15, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Leverages: Operating Leverage, Financial Leverage, Measures of Financial Leverage, Combined Leverage, Problems and Solutions. Independently Published, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Operating leverage"

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Mielcarz, Paweł, Oussama Ben Hmiden, and Dmytro Osiichuk. "Presaging a Déjà Vu… The Impact of Leverage and Investment on Operating Performance Under Negative Demand-Driven Shocks." In Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, 101–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15581-0_10.

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Oldenburg, Ian Antón, Hayley Anne Bounds, and Nicolas C. Pégard. "High-Speed All-Optical Neural Interfaces with 3D Temporally Focused Holography." In Neuromethods, 101–35. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2764-8_4.

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AbstractUnderstanding brain function requires technologies that can monitor and manipulate neural activity with cellular resolution and millisecond precision in three dimensions across large volumes. These technologies are best designed using interdisciplinary approaches combining optical techniques with reporters and modulators of neural activity. While advances can be made by separately improving optical resolution or opsin effectiveness, optimizing both systems together matches the strengths and constraints of different approaches to create a solution optimized for the needs of neuroscientists. To achieve this goal, we first developed a new multiphoton photoexcitation method, termed 3D-Scanless Holographic Optogenetics with Temporal focusing (3D-SHOT), that enables simultaneous photoactivation of arbitrary sets of neurons in 3D. Our technique uses point-cloud holography to place multiple copies of a temporally focused disc, matched to the dimensions of a neuron’s cell body, anywhere within the operating volume of the microscope. However, since improved placement of light, on its own, is not sufficient to allow precise control of neural firing patterns, we also developed and tested optogenetic actuators ST-ChroME and ST-eGtACR1 that fully leverage the new experimental capabilities of 3D-SHOT. The synergy of fast opsins matched with our technology allows reliable, precisely timed control of evoked action potentials and enables on-demand read-write operations with unprecedented precision. In this chapter, we review the steps necessary to implement 3D-SHOT and provide a guide to selecting ideal opsins that will work with it. Such collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches will be essential to develop the experimental capabilities needed to gain causal insight into the fundamental principles of the neural code underlying perception and behavior.
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Kwasniok, Thomas, and Walter Pfeiffer. "From maintenance to quality control: effective support functions leverage manufacturing performance." In Operations Excellence, 174–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594241_15.

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Kulp, Susan Cohen, Elie Ofek, and Jonathan Whitaker. "Supply-Chain Coordination: How Companies Leverage Information Flows to Generate Value." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 91–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27275-5_6.

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Ovacik, Irfan M. "Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems: The Quest to Leverage ERP for Better Planning." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 33–43. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6485-4_3.

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Chakrabarty, Arindam, Uday Sankar Das, and Saket Kushwaha. "QOL Barometer for the Well-being of Citizens: Leverages during Critical Emergencies and Pandemic Disasters." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 457–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87019-5_25.

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Krishna, Siddharth, Michael Emmi, Constantin Enea, and Dejan Jovanović. "Verifying Visibility-Based Weak Consistency." In Programming Languages and Systems, 280–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_11.

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AbstractMultithreaded programs generally leverage efficient and thread-safe concurrent objects like sets, key-value maps, and queues. While some concurrent-object operations are designed to behave atomically, each witnessing the atomic effects of predecessors in a linearization order, others forego such strong consistency to avoid complex control and synchronization bottlenecks. For example, contains (value) methods of key-value maps may iterate through key-value entries without blocking concurrent updates, to avoid unwanted performance bottlenecks, and consequently overlook the effects of some linearization-order predecessors. While such weakly-consistent operations may not be atomic, they still offer guarantees, e.g., only observing values that have been present.In this work we develop a methodology for proving that concurrent object implementations adhere to weak-consistency specifications. In particular, we consider (forward) simulation-based proofs of implementations against relaxed-visibility specifications, which allow designated operations to overlook some of their linearization-order predecessors, i.e., behaving as if they never occurred. Besides annotating implementation code to identify linearization points, i.e., points at which operations’ logical effects occur, we also annotate code to identify visible operations, i.e., operations whose effects are observed; in practice this annotation can be done automatically by tracking the writers to each accessed memory location. We formalize our methodology over a general notion of transition systems, agnostic to any particular programming language or memory model, and demonstrate its application, using automated theorem provers, by verifying models of Java concurrent object implementations.
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Tokmakov, Kamil, and Indika Kumara. "SODALITE in Context." In Deployment and Operation of Complex Software in Heterogeneous Execution Environments, 93–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04961-3_6.

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AbstractThis chapter will look at the application and integration of the SODALITE toolkit across various platforms in the Cloud, Edge, and HPC domains, with a specific focus on OpenStack, AWS EC2, Kubernetes, and PBS Torque/Slurm. While Chap. 7 provides a deep dive into the operational environment of the individual use cases, this chapter will focus more on general application and deployment patterns of SODALITE alongside existing deployments, demonstrating ways in which SODALITE can be leveraged more generally by SODALITE users in these respective environments.
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Isychev, Anastasia, and Eva Darulova. "Scaling up Roundoff Analysis of Functional Data Structure Programs." In Static Analysis, 371–402. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44245-2_17.

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AbstractFloating-point arithmetic is counter-intuitive due to inherent rounding errors that potentially occur at every arithmetic operation. A selection of automated tools now exists to ensure correctness of floating-point programs by computing guaranteed bounds on rounding errors at the end of a computation, but these tools effectively consider only straight-line programs over scalar variables. Much of numerical codes, however, use data structures such as lists, arrays or matrices and loops over these. To analyze such programs today, all data structure operations need to be unrolled, manually or by the analyzer, reducing the analysis to straight-line code, ultimately limiting the analyzers’ scalability.We present the first rounding error analysis for numerical programs written over vectors and matrices that leverages the data structure information to speed up the analysis. We facilitate this with our functional domain-specific input language that we design based on a new set of numerical benchmarks that we collect from a variety of domains. Our DSL explicitly carries semantic information that is useful for avoiding duplicate and thus unnecessary analysis steps, as well as enabling abstractions for further speed-ups. Compared to unrolling-based approaches in state-of-the-art tools, our analysis retains adequate accuracy and is able to analyze more benchmarks or is significantly faster, and particularly scales better for larger programs.
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Orth, Barbara. "Riders United Will Never Be Divided?" In Platformization of Urban Life, 185–204. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839459645-012.

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In this paper Barbara Orth offers an analysis of the ongoing labor organizing effort at the grocery delivery platform Gorillas in the German capital Berlin. She argues that a particular combination of external circumstances and successful organizing strategies enabled a relatively small group of workers to temporarily disrupt a growing billion-dollar business. While the collective actions at Gorillas thus illustrate how local conditions can be successfully leveraged to disrupt a platform's operations from below, the paper cautions against generalizing from the Gorillas experience. Given the unpredictability of venture capital-driven markets¡ it remains a cautionary tale.
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Conference papers on the topic "Operating leverage"

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"OPERATING LEVERAGE FOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE." In 15th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2008. ERES, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2008_201.

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Chen, Haomin. "The Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm Performance – Based on the Moderating Role of Operating Leverage." In Fifth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.079.

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Guan, Bayi, Jing Zhang, and Zhanli Shang. "The analysis of operating leverage effects based on EBIT changes." In 3d International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassr-15.2016.284.

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Reyes, Tomás. "Understanding the effect of operating and financial leverage to absorb macroeconomic shocks." In 3rd International Conference on Management, Economics and Finance. ACAVENT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.icmef.2021.02.126.

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Megawati, Lokita Rizky. "The Analysis of Effects of Operating Leverage, Financial Leverage, and Liquidity on Profitability in the Telecommunications Industry Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange." In First ASEAN Business, Environment, and Technology Symposium (ABEATS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200514.025.

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Robinson, G. "Implications of Commodity Price Risk And Operating Leverage On Petroleum Project Economic Evaluations." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96-46.

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Azizah, Siti, Akhris Sholikha, Bagus Panuntun, Nurhadi Kamaluddin, and Ivon Silviana. "Effect Of Operating Leverage, Growth Asset, And The Size Of The Company To Systematic Risk." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Business, Accounting and Economics, ICBAE 2020, 5 - 6 August 2020, Purwokerto, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-8-2020.2301087.

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Honggowati, Setianingtyas, and Anastasia Riani Suprapti. "THE INFLUENCES OF EARNINGS, LEVERAGE, OPERATING CYCLE, CAPITAL INTENSITY AND OPERATING CASH FLOW TOWARD FUTURE OPERATING CASH FLOW OF THE COMPANIES REGISTERED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE." In Annual International Conference on Accounting and Finance. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-8957-9_af-062.

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Hushko, Serhii, Ganna Purij, Kateryna Slyusarenko, José Manuel M. Botelho, Abdukhakim Mamanazarov, and Volodymyr Kulishov. "Designing an ERP Module for Assessing the Economic Status of Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises Based on Operating Leverage." In III International Scientific Congress Society of Ambient Intelligence 2020 (ISC-SAI 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200318.002.

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Susanto, Tedy. "Leverage Telemetry Scada and Machine Learning on Pumpjack Wellhead Production Facilities." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211194-ms.

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Abstract The purpose of the installed Rod Pump Controller system was to demonstrate production optimization and OPEX reduction, with the aid of Machine Learning and AI based application that helped Operators and Petroleum Engineers better manage the wells. Another one was to help customer evaluate the "as-a-Service" payment model to operate the wells. Such payment models are becoming more relevant across the industry, where International or National Oil Companies allows technology vendors to manage the entire Electrical and Automation scope for wellhead monitoring and optimization. Several issues can develop with this application that can create costly repair situations. Traditionally these have been monitored by personnel visiting each unit on a prescribed basis to ensure they are still operating and then making adjustments during the visit. This makes it ideal for monitored control to ensure maximum liquid production and reduced operational costs. Production optimization for rod pumps is best accomplished by regulating the speed of the pumpjack as reservoir levels rise and fall, in order to gain maximum production without over pumping the well and damaging the equipment. Better management of motor speed can also provide power savings for the end user. Edge computing is the concept of pushing applications, data, and computing power away from centralized points to the logical extremes of a network. In the oil and gas field, this would be the rod pump well sites. Edge analytics is enabled through a combination of Machine Learning and Control Room/Cloud learning for model development. This approach takes advantage of the unlimited processing power and abundance of historical data available in the control/server room. The model is executed in real-time in the Edge minimizing lag and providing real-time feedback and insights to the operations and productions teams. As part of the project, it was able to demonstrate an end-to-end cyber secure architecture for the rod pump analytics application. The software platform, inclusive of the Edge gateway and the cloud solution, collected all generated dynacards from the RTU and predicted dynacard shape for every stroke. By doing so, the software provided real-time analytics of rod pump performance along with production and energy consumption parameters. Finally, the benefit of the solution are make better production optimization, cost reduction and improve production revenue/uptime, reduce well service down time. Hence all these things will reduce CO2 emission and drive sustainability strategy for customer.
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Reports on the topic "Operating leverage"

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patmin, Su. PENGARUH FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, OPERATING LEVERAGE, DAN CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP RENTABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. INDAH KIAT PULP AND PAPER TBK DI TANGERANG). Jurnal Madani: Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Humaniora, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33753/madani.v1i2.15.

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Christie, Benjamin, Osama Ennasr, and Garry Glaspell. Autonomous navigation and mapping in a simulated environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42006.

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Unknown Environment Exploration (UEE) with an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is extremely challenging. This report investigates a frontier exploration approach, in simulation, that leverages Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) to efficiently explore unknown areas by finding navigable routes. The solution utilizes a diverse sensor payload that includes wheel encoders, three-dimensional (3-D) LIDAR, and Red, Green, Blue and Depth (RGBD) cameras. The main goal of this effort is to leverage frontier-based exploration with a UGV to produce a 3-D map (up to 10 cm resolution). The solution provided leverages the Robot Operating System (ROS).
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Ennasr, Osama, Brandon Dodd, Michael Paquette, Charles Ellison, and Garry Glaspell. Low size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) payload for autonomous navigation and mapping on an unmanned ground vehicle. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47683.

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Autonomous navigation and unknown environment exploration with an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is extremely challenging. This report investigates a mapping and exploration solution utilizing low size, weight, power, and cost payloads. The platform presented here leverages simultaneous localization and mapping to efficiently explore unknown areas by finding navigable routes. The solution utilizes a diverse sensor payload that includes wheel encoders, 3D lidar, and red-green-blue and depth cameras. The main goal of this effort is to leverage path planning and navigation for mapping and exploration with a UGV to produce an accurate 3D map. The solution provided also leverages the Robot Operating System.
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Messina, Francesca, Ioannis Georgiou, Melissa Baustian, Travis Dahl, Jodi Ryder, Michael Miner, and Ronald Heath. Real-time forecasting model development work plan. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47599.

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The objective of the Lowermost Mississippi River Management Program is to move the nation toward more holistic management of the lower reaches of the Mississippi River through the development and use of a science-based decision-making framework. There has been substantial investment in the last decade to develop multidimensional numerical models to evaluate the Lowermost Mississippi River (LMMR) hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and salinity dynamics. The focus of this work plan is to leverage the existing scientific knowledge and models to improve holistic management of the LMMR. Specifically, this work plan proposes the development of a real-time forecasting (RTF) system for water, sediment, and selected nutrients in the LMMR. The RTF system will help inform and guide the decision-making process for operating flood-control and sediment-diversion structures. This work plan describes the primary components of the RTF system and their interactions. The work plan includes descriptions of the existing tools and numerical models that could be leveraged to develop this system together with a brief inventory of existing real-time data that could be used to validate the RTF system. A description of the tasks that would be required to develop and set up the RTF system is included together with an associated timeline.
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McMahan, Jesse, Peter R. Worch, Matthew W. Ganz, Ronald P. Fuchs, and George B. Harrison. Technology Options to Leverage Aerospace Power in Operations Other Than Conventional War. Volume 1: Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412621.

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BACCELLI, François, Sébastien CANDEL, Guy PERRIN, and Jean-Loup PUGET. Large Satellite Constellations: Challenges and Impact. Académie des sciences, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/3.

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The New Space Age (NewSpace) marks the advent of a new era in the use of space, characterized by the opening of space to new players, the use of new space technologies, new functionalities for satellites in orbit, and the development of satellite constellations, mainly in the fields of communications and Earth observation. These developments are underpinned by first-rate scientific and technological advances, as well as considerable public and private investment, in particular in the USA, China and, to a lesser extent, Europe. Fleets of small low- and medium-orbit satellites are replacing or complementing the large geostationary satellites that predominated in the previous period. Whereas space used to be reserved to a small number of states and major industrial groups, one is now witnessing the emergence of new space states, new industrial groups such as SpaceX or Amazon, and many start-ups. One also observes the emergence of companies with launching and satellite manufacturing capacities, which are also taking on the role of telecommunication operators and content producers. The most visible result of the deployment of these new space networks is the ability to provide high-speed, low-latency Internet connections to any point on the globe. Combined with Earth observation capabilities, these new communications resources also enable real-time action to be taken in any region, including those with no equipment other than terminals. In addition, these space networks are remarkably resilient compared with terrestrial networks. Geostrategic and military considerations combine with rapidly evolving business models to explain the massive investments currently being made in this domain. However, the lack of international regulation in the field is leading to a race to occupy orbits and frequencies, which has already had serious consequences for a whole range of scientific activities. These constellations have a potentially negative impact on astronomy in the visible and infrared optical domains, as well as on radio astronomy. They also raise a major problem in terms of space congestion, with an increase in the amounts of satellite debris resulting from launches or collisions between satellites, and the possibility of reaching a phase of chain reaction collisions. In addition, from an environmental point of view, the consequences of the proliferation of launches and uncontrolled re-entries into the atmosphere are equally worrying. What’s more, the lack of regulation in the field also leads to a loss of sovereignty, since these new satellite communication networks do not comply with any of the rules that states impose on terrestrial communication networks operating on their territories. A sustainable, global solution must be found to these problems, before major and potentially irreversible damage is inflicted on the planet’s environment, geostrategic balances, democracy, and science. While the Acad´emie des Sciences considers that France and Europe need to step up their scientific and industrial actions in this field in order to benefit from the remarkable advances of these new networks, and ultimately leverage the benefits of a resilient and secure communications network, the Acad´emie also recommends working in parallel to strengthen regulation of the field with the aim of assuring sustainable access to orbital and frequency resources, as well as protection for negatively impacted fields, foremost among which are astronomy and the environment.
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Lilly, Damian, and Barbara Morais Figueiredo. Enhancing the Protection of Civilians through Conventional Arms Control – Challenges and Opportunities for United Nations Peace Operations. UNIDIR, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/22/pacav/01.

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Conventional arms control and disarmament efforts have historically been framed as a humanitarian cause to limit human suffering. However, activities with an arms control component have only featured to a limited extent within the protection of civilians (POC) mandates of United Nations peace operations. Both issues feature on the agenda of the United Nations Security Council which mandates missions, but the linkages between the two have not been well explored at policy, strategic and operational levels. Produced in conjunction with the International Peace Institute, this brief provides an analysis of the actual, and potential, contribution of conventional arms control and related activities to POC within the context of United Nations peace operations – both peacekeeping operations and special political missions (SPM). There has been limited research conducted on this topic and it has been addressed in only a cursory manner in relevant policies, guidelines, and strategies. This work therefore attempts to demonstrate the existing linkages between these two mandated tasks, as well as to pinpoint some of the barriers and challenges to why conventional arms control has not featured more fully within the POC efforts of missions. It then identifies the relevant entry points based on concrete examples of how arms control-related activities can be better leveraged by United Nations peace operations to ensure a more effective protection of civilians.
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Hrozencik, R. Aaron, Grant Gardner, Nicholas Potter, and Steven Wallander. Irrigation organizations. Washington, D.C.: USDA, Economic Research Service, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.7975545.ers.

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Groundwater resources are vital for U.S. and global irrigated agricultural production. In the United States, groundwater supplies water to approximately 65 percent of all irrigated acreage. The connectivity among irrigators pumping from the same aquifer—paired with growing concerns about groundwater depletion—led to the creation of many of the groundwater organizations currently active in the United States. Groundwater organizations perform a variety of functions to promote groundwater resource stewardship and address groundwater overdraft and quality concerns that impact groundwater irrigators and other nonagricultural users (i.e., residential and municipal groundwater users). The operations of groundwater organizations are shaped by State-level groundwater law, organization governance, and the other irrigation-related activities performed by the organization (such as delivering water directly to farms and ranches). This report leverages data from the USDA’s 2019 Survey of Irrigation Organizations to characterize the unique institutions that steward much of the Nation’s groundwater resources.
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Collett, Clementine, Gina Neff, and Livia Gouvea. The Effects of AI on the Working Lives of Women. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004055.

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Globally, studies show that women in the labor force are paid less, hold fewer senior positions and participate less in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. A 2019 UNESCO report found that women represent only 29% of science R&D positions globally and are already 25% less likely than men to know how to leverage digital technology for basic uses. As the use and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to mature, its time to ask: What will tomorrows labor market look like for women? Are we effectively harnessing the power of AI to narrow gender equality gaps, or are we letting these gaps perpetuate, or even worse, widen? This collaboration between UNESCO, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) examines the effects of the use of AI on the working lives of women. By closely following the major stages of the workforce lifecycle from job requirements, to hiring to career progression and upskilling within the workplace - this joint report is a thorough introduction to issues related gender and AI and hopes to foster important conversations about womens equality in the future of work.
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Ruvinsky, Alicia, Timothy Garton, Daniel Chausse, Rajeev Agrawal, Harland Yu, and Ernest Miller. Accelerating the tactical decision process with High-Performance Computing (HPC) on the edge : motivation, framework, and use cases. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42169.

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Managing the ever-growing volume and velocity of data across the battlefield is a critical problem for warfighters. Solving this problem will require a fundamental change in how battlefield analyses are performed. A new approach to making decisions on the battlefield will eliminate data transport delays by moving the analytical capabilities closer to data sources. Decision cycles depend on the speed at which data can be captured and converted to actionable information for decision making. Real-time situational awareness is achieved by locating computational assets at the tactical edge. Accelerating the tactical decision process leverages capabilities in three technology areas: (1) High-Performance Computing (HPC), (2) Machine Learning (ML), and (3) Internet of Things (IoT). Exploiting these areas can reduce network traffic and shorten the time required to transform data into actionable information. Faster decision cycles may revolutionize battlefield operations. Presented is an overview of an artificial intelligence (AI) system design for near-real-time analytics in a tactical operational environment executing on co-located, mobile HPC hardware. The report contains the following sections, (1) an introduction describing motivation, background, and state of technology, (2) descriptions of tactical decision process leveraging HPC problem definition and use case, and (3) HPC tactical data analytics framework design enabling data to decisions.
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