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Journal articles on the topic 'Operating mode distributions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Li, Jia, Hanhui He, and Bo Peng. "Development of Operating Mode Distribution Models for Light-Duty Vehicles on Unrestricted Access Roadways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (2020): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120937965.

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The key correlating traffic variable for modeling vehicle emissions has evolved from average speed to vehicle-specific power (VSP), and recently to operating mode as defined in Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). The analysis of operating mode and its distribution, however, requires a large amount of data and is time consuming and challenging. This paper attempts to build models between the operating mode distributions and the common traffic variable—average speed—to facilitate the emission estimation. Focusing on light-duty vehicles and unrestricted access roadways, a floating car surve

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2

Li, Zufen, Guohua Song, Xuejian Yu, Lei Yu, and Weinan He. "Developing Operating Mode Distributions from Sparse Trajectories for Emission Estimation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118821926.

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To estimate local emissions accurately, it is necessary to develop site-specific operating mode (OpMode) distributions from local vehicle activity data at the 1-second interval (field continuous data/field data). Nowadays, large amounts of vehicle activity data are collected for navigation or traffic state monitoring. However, these data are not at the 1-second interval, they are at 2-second interval and above, and named the sparse vehicle activity data/sparse data in the paper. These data cannot be used to develop local OpMode distributions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate h

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3

Et. al., R. K. Bhardwaj,. "PerformanceAnalysisof a StandbySystemusing Exponential-Rayleigh-Weibull Distributions." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 2881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2322.

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Abstract: All through the life-cycle of a standby system, it is verychallenging to keep a standby unit workable.It may be fatalif the standby found non-workablewhen needed.This paper evaluates the performance of a standby systemworking under two primary constraintsby underlining the condition of the spare unit in standby mode. The first constraint is the maximum redundancy time for the standby and the second is maximum operation time for the operating unit.The standby unit failson exceeding the maximum time threshold andthereafterthe decision about its repair/replacement is subjected tothe ins

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4

Żurek, Józef, and Justyna Tomaszewska. "Analysis of the equipment operation system in terms of availability." Journal of KONBiN 40, no. 1 (2016): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2016-0038.

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Abstract In the article the process of operating a set of aircraft put into service at one time is examined. In order to maintain a balanced ratio ready to use and avoid the accumulation of hangar's maintenance, analysed transient process operation determining the probability of objects reside in different operating states. An interesting issue is change of a readiness as dependence of the model of adopted qualification. The main result of this article is the value of the probability of being ready to use. The probability of reaching the limit value is assuming different depends on initial con

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Jung, Ju-Yeong, Seung-Gu Kang, Hyuk-Jin Yoon, Kwang-Bok Shin, and Jong-Kwang Lee. "Analysis of Heat and Smoke Flow according to Platform Screen Door and Fan Conditions on Fire in Underground Platform." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (May 30, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4803058.

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In this study, a three-dimensional flow analysis of underground subway station was conducted by applying ventilation mode in operation and platform screen door (PSD) opening and closing conditions on fire in underground platform. In order to analyze optimal smoke control and heat removal conditions, the whole underground subway station was set as a model, and a total of eight cases were analyzed by changing the operating conditions of fans for each area under the opening and closing conditions of the PSDs. The analysis results confirmed that the operation mode of supply fan in platform E and I

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Zhang, Xiao. "A Two-Step Based Approach to Evaluate Driving Cycles for Carbon Dioxide Emission Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2293.

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The paper proposes a two-step evaluation process to assess the developed driving cycles for carbon dioxide emissions. The first step is to compare the driving operating mode distributions from developed driving cycles with real world ones. The second step is to predict the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by using the developed driving cycles under the latest version of MOVES, MOVES2010 framework, which are then compared with and evaluated by the real-world CO2 emissions. Evaluation results show that the driving cycles developed by the driving operating mode distribution measure result in more a

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Klimko, Marek, Pavel Žitek, and Richard Lenhard. "Measurement on Axial Reaction Turbine Stage." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032803013.

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This article describes a measuring methods and evaluating measured data on a single-stage axial turbine with reaction (~ 50 %). One turbine operating mode was selected, in which the traversing behind the nozzle and bucket with two 5-hole pneumatic probes took place. The results are distributions of flow angles, reactions, or losses distribution/efficiencies along the blades.

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Zhang, Zeyu, Guohua Song, Zhiqiang Zhai, Chenxu Li, and Yizheng Wu. "How Many Trajectories Are Needed to Develop Facility- and Speed-Specific Vehicle-Specific Power Distributions for Emission Estimation? Case Study in Beijing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119853550.

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Vehicle-specific power (VSP) distributions, or operating mode (OpMode) distributions, are one of the most important parameters in VSP-based emission models, such as the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model. The collection of second-by-second vehicle activity data is required to develop facility- and speed-specific (FaSS) VSP distributions. This then raises the problem of how many trajectories are needed to develop FaSS VSP distributions for emission estimation. This study attempts to investigate the adaptive sample size for developing robust VSP distributions for emission estimations

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Forouzmand, Ali, Mohammad Mahdi Salary, Ghazaleh Kafaie Shirmanesh, Ruzan Sokhoyan, Harry A. Atwater, and Hossein Mosallaei. "Tunable all-dielectric metasurface for phase modulation of the reflected and transmitted light via permittivity tuning of indium tin oxide." Nanophotonics 8, no. 3 (2019): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0176.

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AbstractWe propose an electrically tunable metasurface, which can achieve relatively large phase modulation in both reflection and transmission modes (dual-mode operation). By integration of an ultrathin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electro-optically tunable material into a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) unit cell, we report an approach for active tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces. The proposed controllable dual-mode metasurface includes an array of silicon (Si) nanodisks connected together via Si nanobars. These are placed on top of alumina and ITO layers, followed b

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10

Teng, Wang. "Response of Conductor Pipe Induced by Motions of Jackup in Cantilever Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1447.

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With gap elements modeling the gap contact condition between jacket platforms guided supports and the conductor pipe, the deflections of the conductor pipe induced by the motions of Jackup in cantilever mode, and offsets of the jacket platforms under operating conditions are investigated. The limiting relative excursions between the jacket out of phase or in phase with the jackup and the distributions of the moment are quantified by the strength and stability analysis of the conductor systems. The results show to avoid an overload for given conductor strength and dimensions, the maximum relati

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Yarahmadi, Mehran, J. Robert Mahan, Kevin McFall, and Anum Barki Ashraf. "Numerical Focusing of a Wide-Field-Angle Earth Radiation Budget Imager Using an Artificial Neural Network." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010176.

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Narrow field-of-view scanning thermistor bolometer radiometers have traditionally been used to monitor the earth’s radiant energy budget from low earth orbit (LEO). Such instruments use a combination of cross-path scanning and along-path spacecraft motion to obtain a patchwork of punctual observations which are ultimately assembled into a mosaic. Monitoring has also been achieved using non-scanning instruments operating in a push-broom mode in LOE and imagers operating in geostationary orbit. The current contribution considers a fourth possibility, that of an imager operating in LEO. The syste

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12

Bermúdez, Vicente, Santiago Ruiz, Ricardo Novella, and Lian Soto. "Assessment of air management strategies on particulate number and size distributions from a 2-stroke compression-ignition engine operating with gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion concept." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 3 (2018): 448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418802706.

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The newly designed partially premixed combustion concept has demonstrated its potential to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions combined with highly indicated efficiencies. However, it is highly dependent of the ignition characteristics of the fuel and the air/fuel mixture preparation. Therefore, the proper selection of an injection strategy, of the combustion chamber design and of the air management strategy are critical to ensuring successful partially premixed combustion operation in the full engine map. The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the use of

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13

Liu, Zixia, Martin Osborne, Karen Anderson, et al. "Characterizing the performance of a POPS miniaturized optical particle counter when operated on a quadcopter drone." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 9 (2021): 6101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6101-2021.

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Abstract. We first validate the performance of the Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS), a small light-weight and high sensitivity optical particle counter, against a reference scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) for a month-long deployment in an environment dominated by biomass burning aerosols. Subsequently, we examine any biases introduced by operating the POPS on a quadcopter drone, a DJI Matrice 200 V2. We report the root mean square difference (RMSD) and mean absolute difference (MAD) in particle number concentrations (PNCs) when mounted on the UAV and operating on the groun

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Boriboonsomsin, Kanok, Guoyuan Wu, Peng Hao, and Matthew Barth. "Fusion of Vehicle Weight and Activity Data for Improved Vehicle Emission Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2503, no. 1 (2015): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2503-17.

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Vehicle weight is one of several factors that affect vehicle emissions. Vehicle weight is especially important when modeling emissions from heavy-duty trucks (HDTs). The motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model provides a way to account for vehicle weight during the construction of vehicle emissions inventories. To date, vehicle weight has not received much attention, although reliable vehicle weight data have become increasingly available in the past several years with the deployment of weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology. This study developed a method for fusing vehicle weight data from W

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15

Кюрегян, А. С. "Мощные оптоэлектронные коммутаторы нано- и пикосекундного диапазона на основе высоковольтных кремниевых структур с p-n-переходами III. Эффекты саморазогрева". Журнал технической физики 53, № 4 (2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.04.47453.8921.

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AbstractThe self-heating effects of optoelectronic switches based on vertical high-voltage structures with p – n junctions (Vertical Photoactivated Semiconductor Switches, VPSS) operating in the high-frequency mode are theoretically studied for the first time. It is shown that the strong temperature dependence of the control-radiation absorbance κ( T ) is a major factor controlling the maximum switching frequency f _max and the corresponding maximum crystal temperature T _max, as well as the temperature T and current density j distributions over the device area. Two-dimensional analysis of the

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16

Meng, Jian Bing, Xiao Juan Dong, and Wen Ji Xu. "Temperature Evaluation of Combined Plasma Arc for High Temperature Materials Processing by Computational Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.53.

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A mathematical model was established to describe the electromagnetic, heat flow and fluid flow phenomena within a combined plasma arc. In the development of the model allowance is made for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and the Maxwell equations. With the ANSYS finite analysis software, specific calculations were presented for a pure argon system, operating in a laminar mode. The distributions of the current density, temperature and velocity of combined plasma arc were gotten. In addition, the influences of process parameters, including arc current, argon gas flow rate and the dist

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17

Qi, Yi, Ameena Padiath, Qun Zhao, and Lei Yu. "Development of operating mode distributions for different types of roadways under different congestion levels for vehicle emission assessment using MOVES." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 66, no. 10 (2016): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1194338.

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18

Dong, Xiao Juan, Jian Bing Meng, Zhan Min Yin, and Chang Ning Ma. "Velocity and Current Density Evaluation of Combined Plasma Arc for High Temperature Materials Processing by Computational Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.728.

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A mathematical model was established to describe the electromagnetic, heat flow and fluid flow phenomena within a combined plasma arc. In the development of the model allowance was made for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and the Maxwell equations. With the ANSYS finite analysis software, specific calculations were presented for a pure argon system, operating in a laminar mode. The distributions of the current density and velocity of combined plasma arc were gotten. In addition, the influences of process parameters, including arc current, argon gas flow rate and the distance from th

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19

Budhi, Yogi. "TOWARDS KINETIC REGIME OF REVERSE FLOW OPERATION." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2018): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.3.8.

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An analysis of reverse flow operation and its experimental study for ammonia oxidation to produce either N2, N2O, and NO have been carried out. An experimental set-up of reverse flow reactor was constructed for a laboratory scale. The experiment under steady state operation was performed as a base case in order to judge the potential during the reverse flow operation. Aim was to investigate the behavior of reverse flow operation and to observe the reactor performance. Focus was on the comparison of the steady state and reverse flow operations. The experiments show that the behavior of reverse

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20

Strokan, Oksana, and Yulia Lytvyn. "Modern solutions of aerial ion field distributions." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2017.03.02.

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The paper considers the simulation of distribution of dispersed aerial ions in space from artificial sources of aerial ionization using the Android Studio software environment. The algorithm for determining and providing optimal aerial ion distribution from artificial aerial ionization sources in space from one or more aerial ionizers is proposed. Ensuring of optimal aerial ion distribution is based on the geometric model of distribution of dispersed aerial ions and is supported by optimal placement of aerial ion radiation sources in a given working area. The peculiarity of the proposed algori

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21

Di Iorio, Silvana, Agnese Magno, Ezio Mancaruso, and Bianca Maria Vaglieco. "Characterization of particle number and mass size distributions from a small compression ignition engine operating in diesel/methane dual fuel mode." Fuel 180 (September 2016): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.108.

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22

Tien, Nguen, and K. H. Gilfanov. "Thermal modelling of oil-filled power transformer TM - 160/10." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 5 (2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-5-141-151.

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The results of modeling the thermal characteristics of the dry and oil-filled power transformer TM-160/10 in idle and short circuit modes are presented. The electrical, geometric and thermal characteristics of the TM-160/10 transformer are determined. Computer modeling is performed in the software package ANSYS 17.1. The 2D distributions of temperature and density of heat flows in the transformer in the longitudinal and transverse sections are determined. It is shown that the use of transformer oil for cooling the transformer significantly reduces the temperatures in the active part. The tempe

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23

Song, Wanli, Siyuan Wang, Seung-Bok Choi, Na Wang, and Shichao Xiu. "Thermal and tribological characteristics of a disc-type magnetorheological brake operated by the shear mode." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 5 (2018): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18770740.

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In this article, thermal characteristics and tribological properties of a disk-type magnetorheological fluid–based brake are investigated under various brake operating conditions such as different working gaps. In order to achieve this goal, a theoretical analysis of the heating and heat dissipation of the magnetorheological brake is first performed and then the transient temperature behaviors of the magnetorheological brake are investigated through simulation works associated with the finite element method. Subsequently, an experimental apparatus is established to measure temperature distribu

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Pirjola, L., A. Pajunoja, J. Walden, et al. "Mobile measurements of ship emissions in two harbour areas in Finland." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 4 (2013): 7149–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7149-2013.

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Abstract. Four measurement campaigns by a mobile laboratory van were performed in two different environments; inside the harbour areas in the city center of Helsinki and along the narrow shipping channel near the city of Turku, Finland, during the winter and summer conditions in 2010–2011. The characteristics of gaseous (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, NOx) and particulate (number and volume size distributions as well as PM2.5) emissions for 11 ships regularly operating on the Baltic Sea were studied to determine the emission parameters. The highest particle concentrations were 1.5 × 106 and 1.6 × 105

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25

Ehrich, F. F. "Pseudo-High-Speed Balancing." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 4 (1990): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930123.

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In industries like the aircraft gas turbine, trans-critical or super-critical operating speeds are quite common, and rotating machinery must be mass produced with very demanding precision in balance effectiveness, generally without recourse to high-speed balance procedures. A procedure has been developed which permits high-speed multi-plane (i.e., three or more plane) balance correction to be made on rotors in simple conventional low-speed balance machines (Patent Applied For). The procedure accomplishes most of the benefits of actual high-speed or modal or true multi-plane balancing by utiliz

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26

Nikolayev, D. I., T. I. Savyolova, and K. Feldmann. "Approximation of the Orientation Distribution of Grains in Polycrystalline Samples by Means of Gaussians." Textures and Microstructures 19, no. 1-2 (1992): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.19.9.

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The orientation distribution function (ODF) obtained by classical spherical harmonics analysis may be falsified by ghost influences as well as series truncation effects. The ghosts are a consequence of the inversion symmetry of experimental pole figures which leads to the loss of information on the “odd” part of ODF.In the present paper a new method for ODF reproduction is proposed. It is based on the superposition of Gaussian distributions satisfying the central limit theorem in the SO(3)-space as well as the ODF positivity condition. The kind of ODF determination offered here is restricted t

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27

Fossa, M. "Gas-Liquid Distribution in the Developing Region of Horizontal Intermittent Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 123, no. 1 (2000): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1343108.

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Experiments have been carried out to analyze the evolution of the air/water flow structure along a horizontal 60 mm i.d. straight pipe. Plug and slug flow regimes were observed. In order to investigate the local structure of the flow, dynamic void fraction measurements have been performed by means of ring impedance probes. From dynamic void fraction measurements the mean void fraction values, the probability distributions of void, the liquid film height in the gas cavities and the slug frequencies have been evaluated. The analysis of the results showed that the flow structure deeply modifies a

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Pirjola, L., A. Pajunoja, J. Walden, et al. "Mobile measurements of ship emissions in two harbour areas in Finland." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 1 (2014): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-149-2014.

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Abstract. Four measurement campaigns were performed in two different environments – inside the harbour areas in the city centre of Helsinki, and along the narrow shipping channel near the city of Turku, Finland – using a mobile laboratory van during winter and summer conditions in 2010–2011. The characteristics of gaseous (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, NOx) and particulate (number and volume size distributions as well as PM2.5) emissions for 11 ships regularly operating on the Baltic Sea were studied to determine the emission parameters. The highest particle concentrations were 1.5 × 106 and 1.6 × 10

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29

Williamson, Christina, Agnieszka Kupc, James Wilson, et al. "Fast time response measurements of particle size distributions in the 3–60 nm size range with the nucleation mode aerosol size spectrometer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 6 (2018): 3491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3491-2018.

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Abstract. Earth's radiation budget is affected by new particle formation (NPF) and the growth of these nanometre-scale particles to larger sizes where they can directly scatter light or act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Large uncertainties remain in the magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of nucleation (less than 10 nm diameter) and Aitken (10–60 nm diameter) mode particles. Acquiring size-distribution measurements of these particles over large regions of the free troposphere is most easily accomplished with research aircraft. We report on the design and performance of an airborne

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Zenevich, Sergei, Iskander Gazizov, Dmitry Churbanov, et al. "A Concept of 2U Spaceborne Multichannel Heterodyne Spectroradiometer for Greenhouse Gases Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122235.

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We present the project of a 2U CubeSat format spaceborne multichannel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer (MLHS) for studies of the Earth’s atmosphere upper layers in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (1258, 1528, and 1640 nm). A spaceborne MLHS operating in the solar occultation mode onboard CubeSat platform, is capable of simultaneous vertical profiling of CO2, H2O, CH4, and O2, as well as Doppler wind measurements, in the tangent heights range of 5–50 km. We considered the low Earth orbit for the MLHS deployment and analyzed the expected surface coverage and spatial resolution during on

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Boon, John D. "Reducing Wave-Induced Microwave Water-Level Measurement Error with a Least Squares–Designed Digital Filter*." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 2 (2014): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00160.1.

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Abstract A microwave water-level sensor, the Design Analysis model H-3611i, will soon enter service at tide stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) as part of the National Water Level Observation Network. CO-OPS tests include a multisensor deployment at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility at Duck, North Carolina, to evaluate microwave water-level measurement error over a wide range of Atlantic Ocean sea states. In situ precision and accuracy of processed (6-min average) w

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Cheplagin, N. A., G. A. Zaretskaya, and B. A. Kalinikos. "Analytical Dispersion Theory for Optical Waves in Regular Microwaveguides." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-3-71-78.

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A method for analysis of dispersion characteristics of guided optical modes propagating in the optical waveguides with small cross-sections is proposed. The method is based on introduction of a correction factor for a longitudinal wavenumber of propagating modes. The correction factor arises when a cross-section of the basic rectangular waveguide is subjected to perturbation. The electromagnetic field distributions along with the mode longitudinal wavenumber are found by means of variable separation method. The longitudinal wavenumber correction factor is analytically calculated in terms of co

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Rieker, G. B., F. R. Poehlmann, and M. A. Cappelli. "A Thomson-type mass and energy spectrometer for characterizing ion energy distributions in a coaxial plasma gun operating in a gas-puff mode." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 7 (2013): 073115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4816028.

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Zhao, Xueli, Zinan Zhao, Bin Wang, Zhenghua Qian, and Tingfeng Ma. "The Design of a Frame-Like ZnO FBAR Sensor for Achieving Uniform Mass Sensitivity Distributions." Sensors 20, no. 8 (2020): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082408.

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In this paper, an infinite circular ZnO thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) with a frame-like electrode operating at the thickness-extensional (TE) mode is studied. Two-dimensional scalar differential equations established for the problem in the Cartesian coordinate system are successfully solved by transforming them into normal Bessel equations and modified Bessel equations in the cylindrical coordinate system. Resonant frequencies and vibration distributions are obtained for this frame-like FBAR sensor. A nearly uniform mass sensitivity distribution in the active area is achieved by des

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Heard, D. E., R. A. Brownsword, D. G. Weston, and G. Hancock. "Time-Resolved Pulsed FT-IR Emission Studies of Photochemical Reactions." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (1993): 1438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067540.

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A time-resolved Fourier transform emission spectrometer, operating in the stop-scan mode, is demonstrated as an inexpensive and versatile instrument for observation of infrared vibrational chemiluminescence. The entire evolution of an emission spectrum is obtained from a single scan of the interferometer, with a spectral and temporal resolution of 2 cm−1 and 10 ns, respectively. Results are presented for a number of radical-radical reactions studied by this technique, where emission from highly excited CO, HF, CO2, and N2O is observed. Measurements include nascent vibrational distributions, qu

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Yang, Liao Qiao, Jian Zheng Hu, Zun Miao Chen, Jian Hua Zhang, and Alan G. Li. "Novel Design of MOCVD Reactor with Three Radial Inward Flows for Epitaxial Growth of GaN Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1037.

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In this paper, a novel super large metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor with three inlets located on the periphery of reactor was proposed and numerical evaluation of growth conditions for GaN thin film was characterized. In this design, the converging effects of gas flow in the radial direction could counterbalance the dissipation of metal organics source. CFD was used for the mathematical solution of the fluid flow, temperature and concentration fields. A 2-D model utilizing axisymmetric mode to simulate the gas flow in a MOCVD has been developed. The growth of GaN films u

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Melrose, Don. "Maser Emission in Astrophysical Plasmas: 2003 Robert Ellery Lecture." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 22, no. 2 (2005): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as04061.

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AbstractThere are three distinct types of ‘coherent emission’ in astrophysical plasmas: plasma emission (e.g. in solar radio bursts), electron cyclotron maser emission (e.g. in Jupiter's radio bursts), and pulsar radio emission. The development and current status of our understanding of coherent emission is reviewed, concentrating on plasma emission and electron cyclotron maser emission for which there is direct information on the distributions of electrons that produce the radiation. A generic model for a coherent emission process involves a maser generating radiation in a natural mode of the

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Tornatore, C., S. S. Merola, and B. M. Vaglieco. "Particle and nanoparticle characterization at the exhaust of internal combustion engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 11 (2008): 2195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto817.

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The aim of this work is the characterization of the emissions of exhaust particles in terms of number size distribution and chemical—physical properties. Laser-induced incandescence and broadband ultraviolet—visible extinction and scattering spectroscopy were used at the exhaust of a common-rail diesel engine and of a port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. The optical results were compared with size distributions obtained with an electrical low-pressure impactor and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Moreover, the fundamental engine parameters and the particulate mass and gas c

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Glavatskih, Sergei B. "Evaluating Thermal Performance of a PTFE-Faced Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 2 (2003): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1506329.

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This paper compares and analyses operating characteristics of equalizing tilting pad thrust bearings with babbitt and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite facings. Each bearing arrangement included six pads with an outer diameter of 228.6 mm and 60 percent offset. The babbitted bearing was typical of design in general use. A PTFE composite was applied instead of the babbitt to a similar bearing. Bearings were tested at different load-speed combinations in the fully flooded mode. Pad temperature distributions, collar temperatures and bearing friction torque were continuously measured. Test

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Mudford, Brett S. "A quantitative analysis of lithospheric subsidence due to thinning by simple shear." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 1 (1988): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-002.

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Kinematic simple-shear models have recently been used to provide qualitative explanations for tectonic features in the Basin and Range Province of the southwestern United States and on passive margins. In this paper, a general kinematic simple-shear model is presented. Explicit expressions for the subsidence and stretching factors across a simple-shear zone are derived for two important cases. The first case is one in which simple-shear rifting occurs along a major fault that cuts through the whole lithosphere. In the second case, simple-shear thinning takes place in a brittle zone overlying a

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Zhai, Zhiqiang, Guohua Song, Ying Liu, Ying Cheng, Weinan He, and Lei Yu. "Characteristics of operating mode distributions of light duty vehicles by road type, average speed, and driver type for estimating on-road emissions: Case study of Beijing." Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 23, no. 2 (2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1528447.

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Zhang, Yizhou, Jaal Ghandhi, and David Rothamer. "Comparisons of particle size distribution from conventional and advanced compression ignition combustion strategies." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 7 (2017): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417721089.

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Particulate size distribution measurements are of importance in engine research as stricter regulations on particulate matter emissions (both mass and number based) are being implemented. Particulate size distribution measurements can be very sensitive to the laboratory environment or experimental setup, making it difficult to compare results for different combustion strategies acquired in different labs. In this study, a comparison of particulate size distribution measurements over a wide variety of conventional and advanced combustion strategies was conducted using a four-stroke single-cylin

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Jiang, Xiaodong, Haitao Zhao, and Bo Jin. "Multimode Process Monitoring Based on Sparse Principal Component Selection and Bayesian Inference-Based Probability." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/465372.

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According to the demand for diversified products, modern industrial processes typically have multiple operating modes. At the same time, variables within the same mode often follow a mixture of Gaussian distributions. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on sparse principal component selection (SPCS) and Bayesian inference-based probability (BIP) is proposed for multimode process monitoring. SPCS can be formulated as a just-in-time regression between all PCs and each sample. SPCS selects PCs according to the nonzero regression coefficients which indicate the compact expression of the sample.

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Liu, Xuan, Kevin Kolpatzeck, Lars Häring, Jan C. Balzer, and Andreas Czylwik. "Wideband Beam Steering Concept for Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy: Theoretical Considerations." Sensors 20, no. 19 (2020): 5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195568.

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Photonic true time delay beam steering on the transmitter side of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) systems requires many wideband variable optical delay elements and an array of coherently driven emitters operating over a huge bandwidth. We propose driving the THz TDS system with a monolithic mode-locked laser diode (MLLD). This allows us to use integrated optical ring resonators (ORRs) whose periodic group delay spectra are aligned with the spectrum of the MLLD as variable optical delay elements. We show by simulation that a tuning range equal to one round-trip time of the MLLD is

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Liou, Tong-Miin, and Guang-Yuan Dai. "Pressure and Flow Characteristics in a Rotating Two-Pass Square Duct With 45-Deg Angled Ribs." Journal of Turbomachinery 126, no. 1 (2004): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1649744.

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Measurements are presented of the local velocity and wall static-pressure distributions by using laser-Doppler velocimeter and pressure transducers, respectively, in a rotating two-pass square duct with ribs placed on the leading and trailing walls at an angle of 45 deg to the main stream. The ribs were square in cross section and in a parallel mode of arrangement. The rib-height/duct-height ratio and the pitch/rib-height ratio were 0.136 and 10, respectively. The duct Reynolds number was 1×104 and rotation number Ro ranged from 0 to 0.2. Results are addressed in terms of the evolutions of bot

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Zheng, Q. P., A. K. Jasuja, and A. H. Lefebvre. "Structure of Airblast Sprays Under High Ambient Pressure Conditions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 3 (1997): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817014.

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A single-velocity-component phase Doppler particle analyzer is used to survey and measure local variations in drop-size distributions and drop velocities in the nearnozzle region of a practical, contraswirling, prefilming airblast atomizer. The technique of laser sheet imaging is used to obtain global patterns of the spray. All measurements are taken with a constant pressure drop across the atomizer of 5 percent, at ambient air pressures of 1, 6, and 12 bar. The liquid employed is aviation kerosine at flow rates up to 75 g/s. The results show that increasing the air pressure from 1 to 12 bar a

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Mylapore, Anand Radhakrishnan, and Fredric H. Schmitz. "An Experimental Investigation of Ground Effect on a Quad Tilt Rotor in Hover." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 60, no. 1 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.60.012002.

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The performance of a 0.031 geometrically scaled fuselage/wing model of a Quad Tilt Rotor (QTR) operating in helicopter mode while hovering in-ground effect (IGE) and out-of-ground effect (OGE) was experimentally studied. The effect of ground proximity was tested by varying the height of the model above the ground. Measurements included download on the airframe; thrust, torque, and rpm of the rotors; and static pressures along the centerline of the bottom of the fuselage. Fixedpitch propellers were used to model the rotors. The downwash distributions of the rotors were measured and compared wel

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Stiegler, J., Y. von Kaenel, M. Cans, and E. Blank. "Space filling by nucleation and growth in chemical vapor deposition of diamond." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 3 (1996): 716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0086.

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Phase transformations, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond, taking place by nucleation and growth are commonly described by Avrami or Johnson-Mehl type models. In order to avoid the restrictions of such models with respect to assumptions concerning nucleation rates and growth velocities, the variation with time of nucleation and growth of diamond particles during the deposition of microwave plasma-assisted CVD was studied. The size distributions obtained from image analysis enabled us to trace back details of the nucleation and growth history. Three sources of particle formati

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Yu, Zhengyong, Baozhu Li, Shenggao Ding, and Wanchun Tang. "Compact Dual-Passband Three-Dimensional FSS with Good Angular Stability and Both-Side Fast Roll-Off Characteristics." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (2021): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360607.

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A compact dual-passband three-dimensional (3D) frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed based on multiple square coaxial waveguides (SCWs), which exhibits good angular stability and both-side fast roll-off characteristics. The unit cell of the proposed 3D FSS is composed of one parallel plate waveguide (PPW) propagation path and two SCW propagation paths. By etching a centered annular slot, each SCW path forms two identical short SCWs. Each short SCW inherently generates one square slot resonance. In each SCW path, on the account of electromagnetic coupling between two square slot resonat

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Dai, Pham Duc. "Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems Using an Accurate Pressure Reducing Valve Model Based Complementarity Constraints." Water 13, no. 6 (2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060825.

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Water loss according to water leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) is a challenging problem worldwide. An inappropriate operation of the WDS leads to unnecessarily high pressure distribution in the WDS and thus a large amount of water leakage exists. For this reason, optimal pressure management in WDSs through regulating operations of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) is priority for water utilities. The pressure management can be accomplished in a hierarchical control scheme with high level and low level controllers. While the high level controller is responsible for calculating pressu

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