Relevant bibliographies by topics / Operational efficiency in cities

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Operational efficiency in cities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Atalay, Ahmet. "Determination of Operational Efficiency in Urban Public Transport Lines." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2021.001.004.

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The increasing number of urban centers and the increasing number of vehicles caused by industrialization caused problems such as lack of infrastructure in traffic, environmental pollution and an increase in energy requirements. This situation led the city administrators to search for solutions in order to improve the efficiency of public transportation systems and increase their efficiency. In this study, it is aimed to determine the functional efficiency of the bus lines used in urban public transportation. For this purpose, the lines are classified according to their functional activities by using the functional data of the lines. Both classical cluster analysis and self-organizing mapping (SOM) method were used for classification. Data from Erzurum main public transport lines were used to implement the methods. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the two methods achieved similar results. As a result, it has been determined that classification of public transportation lines used in cities according to their functional efficiency will be beneficial for decision makers to make correct planning. With the right planning in public transport lines, significant economic and environmental benefits will be obtained.
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Streimikis, Justas, Evgeniy Kislitsyn, Nadezhda Surnina, and Viktor Gorodnichev. "An integrated platform for managing information in smart cities." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130105004.

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This article focuses on defining the integrated platform for managing information in smart cities. We look into the smart city platforms that are increasingly used in today’s cities all around the world. Smart city platforms can be deployed on private, public or hybrid clouds, remote servers or onsite. By definition, a smart city platform integrates many different functional areas of the smart city in a single environment. The Smart city platform offers integrated functionality to coordinate intelligent city data, applications, solutions and services at one or more operational levels between multiple stakeholders with integrated functionality. By monitoring and analysing the use of urban assets, the government can distribute them to improve operational efficiency. The platform provides middleware and operational functionality across multiple software and hardware, integrates multiple communication protocols, and provides latent and free solutions for smart cities. Managing the huge amounts of data generated by IoT-based sensors and systems is a main challenge facing end users and providers. We show that smart city platforms serve to standardize data and information across many silo systems. It is demonstrated that they provide a common mechanism for visualizing and managing data to optimize the entire urban operation.
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Calabrò, Francesco, and Lucia Della Spina. "Innovative Tools for the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Administrative Action of the Metropolitan Cities: The Strategic Operational Programme." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.3.

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Metropolitan Cities are considered a subject crucial to the development of the territories, for "... modernize the public administration, and respond with a streamlined structure and efficient response to the growing expectations of businesses and citizens" [.They should, therefore, be able to improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the territories also through innovative forms of governance, able to used most effectively administrative action.This paper aims to deepen the reflection on the most appropriate tools whose metropolitan cities should have in order to respond to its founding purpose.
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Yao, Di, Liqun Xu, and Jinpei Li. "Evaluating the Performance of Public Transit System: A Case Study of Eleven Cities in China." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133555.

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This paper presents a super efficiency network Data Envelopment Analysis (SE-NDEA) model for eleven cities in China. The model focuses on measuring the performance of public transit system by integrating multiple stakeholders involved in public transit system with the exogenous environment in where they operated. Thus, local authority, bus operators, passengers, uncontrollable environmental factors, and the externality of public transit are all taken into account in the measurement framework. They are interrelated inputs and outputs. The measurement framework can simultaneously capture each public transit system’s production efficiency, service effectiveness, and operational effectiveness. Meanwhile, undesirable outputs, uncontrollable factors, and boundary-valued variables are considered. The paper evaluates the performance of public transit system of 11 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2016. The results reveal that the exogenous environment has a marked impact on the performance measurement of public transit system. Super cities tend to perform better than mega cities, and mega cities tend to perform better than large cities. Furthermore, service effectiveness has a significantly positive correlation with production efficiency, and transit rail tends to perform better than the conventional bus. These findings have an important implication for China’s bus priority implement and more general managerial insights for public transit development.
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Mozgovoy, Dmytro. "Operational satellite monitoring vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing, no. 17 (June 27, 2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2018.17.123.

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A technique for the operational monitoring of vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities by satellite images of ultrahigh spatial resolution of the visible and IR ranges is proposed. In the process of processing multispectral images from the satellite DubaiSat-2, vector layers of recognized vegetation and water objects were obtained. The analysis of the results of the automated processing of satellite images showed a sufficiently high accuracy of distinguishing the boundaries of recognized objects and a good separation of classes. The developed methodology allows to significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of updating maps of large cities while reducing financial costs. Due to the high degree of automation, the proposed methodology can be implemented in the form of a geoinformation web service, functioning in the interests of a wide range of users.
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Liu, Hongwei, Henry Tsai, and Jie Wu. "Regional hotel performance and benchmarking in the Pearl River Delta." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 855–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2016-0270.

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Purpose This study models cost-efficiency against revenue for hotels in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) – in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau – by considering regional differences and weight restrictions on revenue output. Design/methodology/approach The authors modified and applied a context-dependent assurance region data envelopment analysis (CAR-DEA) model in assessing the performance of 41 hotels in the PRD. The model considers the relationships among output variables and sets the revenue composition of the hotels as weight restrictions in accounting for the relative importance of different revenue sources. Findings When assessing the 41 hotels all together, those in Guangzhou outperformed the hotels in other two cities by showing better pure technical efficiency (PTE), while those in Macau had the best scale efficiency (SE). When the assurance region (AR) restriction was imposed, the hotels in Macau outperformed those in the other two cities by showing better SE. When considering regional differences, the Macau hotels ranked first in terms of both the average efficiency score and the overall ranking. All the sample hotels in Guangzhou and half of the sample hotels in Hong Kong and Macau exhibited increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale. Research limitations/implications The research results are limited by data quality and the variables included in the models. Practical implications The study helps hotel practitioners in the PRD better assess their cost-efficiency performance by considering regional differences and operational parameters so as to strategically improve their performance. Originality/value This study improves upon previous hotel efficiency studies by considering the influence of different operational parameters across different localities. It can be extended to examine the performance of different calibers of hotels, restaurants or tourism entities located in various localities and possessing different operational characteristics.
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Chen, Yan. "Research on Planning and Management of Large-Scale Sports Venues in Chinese Cities." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0020.

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To improve the operational management benefits of large-scale sports venues, the literature data method, questionnaire survey method, and comparative analysis method were used to study the planning and management of large-scale sports stadiums in China. From the macro external environment, the micro external environment and the internal management of the venue, the opportunities and challenges of China's large stadiums were analyzed. Corresponding countermeasures to improve the efficiency of venue operation management were proposed. The results show that the proportion of business structure of large-scale sports stadiums in China was unreasonable, and the ontology management was in a polarized development trend. The venue utilization rate was generally low. In addition, the operational management benefits of large-scale sports stadiums in China were affected by the micro-external environment and the internal conditions of the venues. Therefore, this research has important reference significance for the operation and management of stadiums.
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Wu, Lina, Yusheng Ci, Yichen Sun, and Wei Qi. "Research on Joint Control of On-Ramp Metering and Mainline Speed Guidance in the Urban Expressway Based on MPC and Connected Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7518087.

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The traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system will affect one of the entire cities. Moreover, the idea that traffic control can improve the traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system has been fully confirmed. At present, the main control methods include on-ramp metering and speed guidance control. However, there is a gap in using these two control methods together, such as unclear application conditions and unsystematic methods. In this paper, on-ramp metering and speed guidance control are combined effectively. Based on the research of METANET macroscopic traffic flow model and model predictive control (MPC), a novel joint control method based on MPC and connected vehicles (CVs) for on-ramp metering and speed guidance control of the urban expressway is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control method can effectively improve the traffic efficiency and traffic safety.
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Li, Feng, Yang Su, Jiaping Xie, Weijun Zhu, and Yahua Wang. "The Impact of High-Speed Rail Opening on City Economics along the Silk Road Economic Belt." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083176.

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Achieving transport connectivity is a priority in China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”. In order to further understand the impact of railway infrastructure on city-level economic expansion, we set cities with high-speed rail as the treatment group and those without high-speed rail as the control group, and a difference-in-differences (DID) technique was used to estimate the growth impact and heterogeneity of high-speed rail opening on the economic growth of cities along the New Silk Road Economic Belt. The main results are as follows: First, economic growth in cities with operational high-speed rail lines was significantly higher than those without high-speed rail. Second, the impact of high-speed rail on economic growth exhibited distinct heterogeneity. Large cities tend to have a stronger siphoning effect, resulting in more pronounced impact of high-speed rail opening on urban economic growth. Third, cities with higher marketization levels and higher government efficiency were shown to have stronger economic growth effect.
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Rai, Sunil, Mukta Deshpande, and Geeta Thakur. "People Centric Smart Cities." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017005003.

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Smart Cities Project is been undertaken in mission mode by the Government of India. The endeavor is to plan and build / rebuild pollution free, eco friendly living spaces with the efficient means of Transportation, Communication, Governance, Health Services and other civic requirements. There is also an emphasis on giving identity to these cities based on its main economic activity. The aspects of peaceful and happy living with regard to values and universal common good of mankind does not come out clearly in the definition and other mission statements. This paper endeavors to highlight the importance of the Culture and Spirituality in creating the cities that will promote Peace, Harmony, Happiness and the Virtue of co-existence amongst the dwellers in keeping with the rich traditions and value systems inherited from the glorious past. It is emphasized that the Smart City be given the identity which is representative of its character, culture and the unique value that it offers. The quest to build smart cities from the standpoint of enhanced economic activity and operational efficiency with the use of High-end integrated technologies for automation, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things the importance of “Culture” as bedrock of “Smartness” has been subdued. It is proposed that the richness of Culture, strength of Spirituality and importance of Identity based on values and character be emphasized in planning and building smart cities. A framework to assess the contribution of a People Centered Smart City in its role as “Culture Transmitter” in influencing the growth, sustainability and wellbeing of inhabitants is also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Pavlas, Miroslav. "Ekonomické ukazatele udržitelného urbanistického rozvoje středně velkých měst." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233268.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyse how to measure an economic pillar of sustainable urban development when it is understood in terms of qualitative city development. This principly means achieving economic prosperity which does not lead to damage of the city areas and decrease the quality of life for its residents. This approach requires the creation of an appropriate set of indicators that will cover qualitative aspects of sustainable economic development. The first section summarizes existing approaches to the definition of sustainable development and ways of measuring both on the Czech and the international level. There are also defined basic characteristics of the urban development which are appropriate to express a qualitative development of the city. The second part is focused on existing ways in which sustainable development is measured, i.e. especially in the context of indicator sets. These are under detailed assessment which aim is to show how useful is to measure the economic sustainability from the qualitative point of view. In this part, the limits of using economic macro aggregates (especially Gross Domestic Product) is emphasized because there are still regarded as one of the key economic indicators of sustainable development. In the next part the thesis deals with the definition of economic prosperity and focuses on the characteristics typical for short, medium and long term perspective. Measurement of sustainable urban development in the short term is based on assessment of financial situation. From the medium-term point of view, it is crucial to assess how the city handles its property, i.e. mainly buildings and land. These property components are substantial for a further direction of city development. In the next section are designed indicators aimed at measuring the ability of the city to maintain a skilled workforce which is one of the most important conditions of long-term economic prosperity. The final theoretical part of the thesis is focused on how the long-term sustainable urban development is to be expressed in an economic way through the assessment of investments in urban infrastructure and its operational efficiency. The designed set of indicators is verified on case studies of three medium-sized Czech cities.
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Bakewell, Adam. "An operational theory of relative space efficiency." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247758.

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Uys, R. L. "Environmental requirements for optimal naval operational efficiency." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19149.

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In this thesis the applicability of ocean environment modelling as a part of optimal naval operational efficiency, and thus military oceanography, is evaluated. To be able to do this, the principles of knowledge-based warfare and the ability to make rapid environmental assessments, are introduced. These then form part of optimal efficiency. Modelling of the environment implies knowledge-based warfare and accommodates the ability to make a rapid environmental assessment. After an overview of past and current ocean modelling (specifically wave modelling), the third generation SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) model is selected to model a small component of the military oceanographic spectrum viz. waves. The selected area, includes an area where the US Navy conducted an amphibious landing exercise (Operation Laurel) during October 2001. Three case studies are considered for modelling. These included an extreme wave condition, a mode wave condition and the conditions during Operation Laurel. Data were obtained from the wave rider buoy at Slangkop near Cape Town and analysed for a specific period during 2001. In all three cases the wave dissipation and maximum energy transfer areas were determined from the model. From these, certain deductions could be made regarding the influence the environment under these three different conditions could have on naval operations in the littorals. It is concluded that ocean modelling should form an integral part of naval operational efficiency and its contribution as force multiplier should be taken into consideration.
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Banks, Charlotte. "Operational practices to improve ship energy efficiency." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24931.

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The aim of this research was to contribute towards energy efficiency in the shipping industry through improved operational practices that reduce fuel consumption, hence exhaust emissions and the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This is in line with meeting global emission reduction targets and the mitigation of Climate Change. A critical review is presented that was undertaken to understand Climate Change as a driver towards energy efficiency within the maritime industry. The regulations are reviewed along with existing operational practices and the enablers and barriers towards improvements. Several field studies that were undertaken to further examine current practices and barriers are described, including a questionnaire identifying the opinions and perceptions of seafarers. Based on conclusions from the review and field studies, a Framework for improving the energy efficiency of ship operations is presented. The proposed Framework identifies that for practical solutions in the industry, human factors must be addressed in parallel with technical advances. The following features of the Framework to enable improvements are identified to be: a) Ship Operational Performance Monitoring for performance feedback distribution and supporting operational strategic decisions and b) updates to existing Operating Procedures. However, it is proposed that these features cannot be achieved on a wide scale without first the development of the following elements: a) Maritime Education and Training on energy efficiency; b) Analysis of ship Operational Profiles; c) A Ship Operational Performance Prediction (SOPP) Model. These three elements were developed and are described in this thesis. The developments described in this thesis were enabled by the collection of operational datasets (namely Ship Reports, also commonly known as Noon Reports) and information for 21 case study ships; including tanker, container and bulk carrier ships. The collection of this data was enabled by field study visits. Regarding the development of Maritime Education and Training on energy efficiency, three course curriculums are proposed. The training material developed for the Energy Resource Management course is then described. The results from the analysis of Operating Profiles for the 21 case study ships are presented. Typical operating practices are identified along with the opportunities for energy efficiency improvements. The Ship Operational Performance Prediction Model was developed using the Ship Report dataset for a case study tanker ship. The model predicts the ship's main engine brake power and fuel consumption with adequate accuracy and allows for assessment of the impacts due to different operating conditions. Specifically, a function to account for time dependent performance changes is developed so that the hull and propeller surface degradation and fouling are taken into consideration. Finally, the utilisation of the developed elements within the proposed Framework to improve energy efficiency is discussed, so that the importance of methods utilising Ship Report operational datasets becomes evident.
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McLafferty, Kevin. "Operational efficiency of industrialised information processing systems." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/8253.

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The British economy has always been a trading nation in terms of goods and more recently services. At the heart of the nation and international trading is London, the hub of a global financial empire that unites the globe on a 24-hour basis. Vast revenues are generated by commercial and investment banking institutions, yet research in this sector has been comparatively low. Management researchers have instead gravitated towards the ‘back office’ operations of high street banks or general insurance company call centres (Seddon, 2008). Research has focused on repetitive clerical activities for customers, and how these businesses suffer from ‘failure demand’ and/or ‘demand amplification’ (Forrester 1961) created when a customer is forced to re-establish contact with a call centre to have their issue/concerns reworked (when it should have been ‘right first time’). Modern commercial and investment banks do not share the repetitive and relatively predictable transactions of call centres and instead, represent extreme operations management cases. The workload placed upon commercial and investment banking systems is incredibly high volume, high value and high variety in terms of what clients’ demand and how ‘the product’ (trades) is executed. At this period in time, the financial collapse of 2008 is still shaping working practices due punitive regulatory environment. Many UK banks are now part-owned by the government, there is social and political pressure to stimulate improvement in banking operations which – it is thought – will herald the return of the banks back to private ownership. This thesis addresses the flow of global “trades” through the operations office and explores how the design and fit of the sociotechnical environment provides effective and efficient trade flow performance. The key research questions emerging from the literature review establishing the gap in knowledge are 1) How efficient are commercial and investment banking trading processing systems? And 2) What are the enablers and inhibitors of efficient and high performance of industrialised processing systems? xviii To answer these questions, the researcher undertook an in-depth and longitudinal case study whilst at a British bank that was ‘benchmarked’ as underperforming against its peers (MGT Report1, 2011). The case study strategy was executed using an action research and reflective learning approach (cycles of research) to explore the performance and improvement of banking operations management performance. The findings show that, using systems feedback, the management at the bank were able to develop into a “learning organisation” (Senge 1990) and improve and enhances the flow of work through the system. The study has resulted in significant gains for the case study and a new model of Rolled Throughput Yield is presented that rests on the key concept of “Information Fidelity”. This work marks a contribution to the operations management body of knowledge by exploring “flow” under conditions of high volume and high variety and from within the under-researched context of commercial and investment banking. 1 “MGT” is an anonymised commercial and investment banking industry report into operational efficiency and cost performance. The report was commissioned by the participant banks and conducted by “MGT Consultants” and is considered highly confidential. The researcher was given a copy of the report while working with the case, forming as the catalyst for the research into operational performance. The researcher was unable to receive “MGT Consultants” agreement to ‘directly’ cite the report as part of this study.
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Beyglou, Ali. "On the Operational Efficiency in Open Pit Mines." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59524.

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Open pit mines constitute more than half of global minerals production. Yet most of the large, high-grade, and close to the surface deposits have been depleted or are currently in production. Besides, volatility in commodity prices and stringent environmental regulations limit the up-scaling expansions in large open pits. Consequently, the mines are determined to increase their operational efficiency in order to thrive. This has recently led to major metallurgical improvements in the processing of ores; whereas the improvements in mining of the said ores are relatively overdue in terms of efficiency and technological advancement. This thesis concentrates on the mining activities and their efficiency in open pits with a focus on drilling, blasting, loading, and crushing. As all of these tasks revolve around the fragmentation of run-of-mine ore, their relationships and efficiencies are explored within the context of fragmentation. Fragmentation is a result of complex interactions between rockmass, blasting geometry, explosive, and timing sequence of blast holes. The influence of rockmass and timing sequence on fragmentation and efficiency are explored, as well as the target fragmentation for efficient loading and crushing. Moreover, the techniques for measuring fragmentation are evaluated as to whether they can benefit mines in terms of efficiency. As the circumstances in open pits are essentially site-specific, these issues are addressed as a case study of the Aitik mine in Sweden. The research comprised four elements. First, the influence of rockmass fractures on blast results and downstream efficiency was evaluated via full-scale field trials. The fractures in and around the case study mine were mapped using a photogrammetric technique and six production blasts were adapted to the major fracture sets to evaluate the effect of initiation direction on downstream efficiency. Second, the influence of the timing sequence of blast holes was explored within the theories of stress waves interaction and their consequent effect on fragmentation. Theoretical and numerical solutions were accompanied by six field trials in full-scale to evaluate the influence of short delay times on fragmentation and efficiency. Third, an empirical study was conducted to correlate fragmentation to the efficiency of loading and crushing; this was done to define a target fragmentation for the studied case. Finally, the techniques to assess fragmentation were discussed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings indicated that rockmass fractures have a significant influence on the quality of blasts and efficiency of downstream tasks. In the case study mine, adjustments to orientation of drill pattern and initiation direction of blasts suggested that careful experimentation in this regard can yield a favourable initiation direction with respect to existing discontinuities. Finer fragmentation and higher loading efficiencies can be achieved by adapting the blast designs to the existing fractures, which can lead to significant savings in the long run. On the contrary, the influence of stress waves interaction on blast results turned out to be marginal. Neither the theoretical and numerical solutions nor the field trials showed any significant improvements in blast results from short delays. In fact, it was found rather implausible to expect any noticeable improvements by using short delays. The empirical method to evaluate target fragmentation proved useful as well. It was shown that by incorporating different data from various sources in a mine, one can follow the ore from muckpile to loaders and then to crushers. Having a qualitative understanding of the fragmentation, and by developing tools to measure efficiency, one can estimate what fragmentation is most favourable for an efficient operation. Finally, two image-based methods to assess fragmentation were discussed in terms of repeatability and statistical significance. It was found that the scatter in both methods is rather large, introducing a certain ambiguity in representativeness of their results. Admittedly, it was found that in matters of long-term efficiency, the number, size and representativeness of assessed samples are of more importance compared to the accuracy of individual measurements.
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Ntinda, Henock Mankavu. "Operational upgrades to improve traffic flow in Small Middleweight Cities: Windhoek, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16964.

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The study of the improvements to transport controlling facilities, defined in this dissertation as operational transport upgrades, aims to ascertain its influence on a growing urban traffic demand. This dissertation assesses the influence that the conversion of Werner List Street into a one-way street has on the performance of traffic accommodation. Werner List Street links traffic commuting from the south to the north of Windhoek's Central Business District (CBD). The CBD traffic demand is estimated to breach network capacity by 2015, a scenario prevalent in many small middleweight cities. The research conducted a literature review on aspects related to the development and implementation of operational upgrades; thereby gaining an understanding on the relevance that such improvements have on small middleweight cities. Studied literature suggests that with the reduction in the allocation of funds to develop transport systems, transport authorities resort to innovative methods of improving transport network utilising minimal capital expenditure. The limited funding is prevalent in small middleweight cities due to the current lack of major traffic impediment. The research studied aspects of Windhoek's activity system, as presented in the city's Household Survey of 2004 that primarily focused on the income status, transport mode use and transport mode preference. The origin of trips would assist in determining the direction, in relation to Windhoek's CBD, peak traffic commutes.
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Malhotra, Suvarcha. "Information capacity and power efficiency in operational transconductance amplifiers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/104.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Qiu, Shuo. "Insurance Market Equilibrium: Contract Formation, Heterogeneity, and Operational Efficiency." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/9768.

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Business Administration
Ph.D.
The three essays of this dissertation investigate the insurance equilibrium from various perspectives. The first essay uses Cournot game-theoretic model to study the insurance contract formation and provides theoretical justification for policy limit. The second essay introduces buyers' heterogeneous risk aversion into Wilson's equilibrium, derives new equilbria, and provides the conditions under which those new equilibria will hold. The third essay studies the operational efficiency of life insurers in China. Through comparing the efficiency of domestic and foreign life insurers, decomposing their efficiency scores, figuring out the directions and potential they could improve, and analyzing the change and driver of productivity, the essay gives insights of the fast-developing life insurance industry in China.
Temple University--Theses
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Li, Qian. "Energy efficiency design of residential buildings in North China cities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54484/.

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With the rapid growth of housing development in China, energy inefficiency in domestic architectures is becoming a crucial problem for the nation's sustainable development. At present, the average energy consumption of housings in North China cities is three times that in developed countries. The energy conservation regulation introduced by the government requires 65% heating energy saving in dwellings compared with the 1980's standard. However most of the current buildings cannot meet that regulation the problem is mainly due to the lack of detailed technology and construction requirements, and difficulties in relation to enforcement. The main aim of this research is to investigate the potential of using environmental design strategies to increase the energy efficiency of residential architectures in North China cities while provide reasonable comfort conditions. Literature review, on-site observations, field experiments and computer simulation were used. The field experiments were conducted in five flats in Tianjin and Xi'an cities to assess their thermal performance. Thermal simulations by using the building energy model HTB2 were employed to analysis these designs, and what improvements can be reasonably achieved, in line with China's targets for reducing housing energy demand by adapting certain environmental design strategies. The findings of this work showed that with the adaptation of environmental design strategies, significant improvements of energy efficiency of residential buildings in North China cities can be achieved and considerable portion of energy can be saved. The most effective parameter in heating reduction is improve thermal insulation, having 50mm and 100mm polystyrene insulation achieved reductions of 26.5% and 38.8‰ respectively. Reduce the infiltration rate is the second most effective method, limit the air change rate to 0.5 ach reduced 21.6% of the heating demand from the existing condition. The parameters that reduce most cooling demand are having a reasonable window area and night time controlled ventilation the reduction rate is around 23% and 13% respectively. Moreover, combining appropriate design parameters will maximise their effectiveness in energy reduction. Having parameters including appropriate glazing ratio, improve insulation of the building envelope, reduce infiltration etc. will enable case studies to match the 65% saving regulations straightforward and the cooling load was also substantially reduced. Moreover, by following further modification suggestions, the energy reduction rate reached 90%. Considerable reduction in energy use and carbon emission can be achieved in North China cities and other places experiencing similar climates, by adapting the suggested design strategies. The findings of this research could help the decision-makers and architects to improve thermal performance and energy efficiency of both existing housings and future designs.
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Books on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Sundberg, U., and C. R. Silversides, eds. Operational Efficiency in Forestry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2.

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Silversides, C. R., and U. Sundberg. Operational Efficiency in Forestry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6.

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Marino, Annunciata E. Operational and efficiency statistics of five major Pennsylvania water utilities. Harrisburg, Pa: Bureau of Conservation, Economics and Energy Planning, Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, 1994.

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LTE self-organising networks (SON): Network management automation for operational efficiency. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2012.

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Corporation, Rand, ed. Analysis of the Cities Readiness Initiative. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2012.

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Authority, National Rivers. Improving efficiency and effectiveness in flood defence operational management: Review of R&D (1990-1993). Bristol: NRA, 1993.

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Dwivedi, Amit Kumar. An empirical study on gur (jaggery) industry: With special reference to operational efficiency & profitability measurement. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2010.

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Huiskonen, Janne. Supply chain integration: Studies on linking customer responsiveness and operational efficiency in logistics policy planning. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2004.

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Healthcare organizations: Management strategies, operational techniques, tools, templates, and case studies. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, 2012.

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The very hungry city: Urban energy efficiency and the economic fate of cities. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Kuzmanović, Marija, Gordana Savić, and Kristina Pajić. "Residential Attractiveness of Cities from the Perspective of the Efficiency, Residents’ Perception and Preferences: The Case of Serbia." In Advances in Operational Research in the Balkans, 139–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21990-1_9.

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Silversides, C. R., and U. Sundberg. "Operational Efficiency." In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 3–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_2.

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Larsson, Mats. "Strategy and Operational Efficiency." In The Limits of Business Development and Economic Growth, 57–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230511439_6.

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Fernandes, António, Clara Bento Vaz, and Ana Paula Monte. "Efficiency and Capital Structure in Portuguese SMEs." In Operational Research, 101–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71583-4_8.

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Vaz, Clara Bento, and Ângela Paula Ferreira. "Efficiency and Productivity Assessment of Wind Farms." In Operational Research, 407–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20328-7_22.

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Moilanen, Teemu, and Seppo Rainisto. "Operational Plan." In How to Brand Nations, Cities and Destinations, 147–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584594_5.

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Sundberg, U., and C. R. Silversides. "Problem Identification." In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 1–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_1.

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Sundberg, U., and C. R. Silversides. "Problem Analysis." In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 43–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_2.

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Sundberg, U., and C. R. Silversides. "Applications and Quantifications." In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 93–117. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_3.

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Sundberg, U., and C. R. Silversides. "Energy Analysis." In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 118–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Benson, Jeannie. "Energy Efficiency Opportunities for Citrus Processing." In ASME 1994 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1994-4006.

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Improving efficiency and saving money are primary concerns of any citrus processing operation. Conducting a full scale energy audit will reveal the energy use characteristics of your entire operation and help you to discover opportunities to improve energy efficiency. Projects are evaluated on the basis of economic feasibility and operational practicality, and accepted or rejected by the appropriate plant personnel. Utility rebates are often available for the accepted projects based upon energy savings. Energy efficiency programs can be, and have been, used to improve operational efficiency and save money — money that could be better used to expand your operation or increase your profit margin. Paper published with permission.
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Srivastava, Abhinav, Paras Tehria, and Basant K. Pandey. "Energy Disaggregation for Small and Medium Businesses and their Operational Characteristics." In BuildSys '20: The 7th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3427771.3427854.

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Abd Alla, Sara, Vincenzo Bianco, Federico Scarpa, and Luca A. Tagliafico. "Energy Demand, Efficiency Measures and Embodied Energy in the Italian Residential Sector." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86400.

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This paper investigates a strategy for energy saving in the Italian residential sector that includes in the assessment the embodied energy related to the efficiency measures. Simulations are run in three main cities (Milan, Rome and Naples) covering different climate zones. The purpose is, firstly, to estimate the baseline of the buildings energy consumption, secondly, to simulate the implementation of realistic retrofit solutions and, finally, to assess the retrofitting’ embodied energy and its energy payback time. The energy payback is based on the comparison between the net saved operational site energy and the embodied energy of the selected measures. By running the simulations, it is possible to estimate the maximum potential for energy savings and realistic estimation of achievable results in short-medium period. Results show the energy efficiency measures more convenient in terms of energy payback depending on the climate zone. For Naples, a focus on façade insulation has been held and the results defined the optimal material thickness in terms of embodied energy and net saved operational site energy in a life cycle of 15 years.
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Valencia, Adriana S., Hugo Jativa Cervantes, Eduardo Castillo, Oguier A. Garavitto, Guillermo E. Soriano, and Livingston D. Castro. "Analysis of a Vertical-Axis Spherical Turbine for Energy Harvesting in Urban Water Supply Systems." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10643.

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Abstract Fast-growing cities are a challenge for its current energy demand, especially in developing countries. Replacement of micro-turbines instead of dropping pressure valves in urban-water pipelines may assist in supplying energy to the electrical grid. The understanding of turbine design and its operational characteristics can help for efficient energy harvesting in these cities. The aim of this work is to design a cheap and versatile hydrokinetic vertical axis spherical turbine for extracting energy from water pipelines of 800 mm in diameter. The turbine runner is based on a NACA0018 airfoil. Performance prediction is obtained by implementing a double multiple stream tube (DMST) based model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis are used for performance and design improvements. Based on the analysis, the turbine can generate an output power of approximately 1.71 kW with a dropping pressure head of 0.4 m and an internal flow velocity of 2.07 m/s with an efficiency of approximately 42.7%. The proposed method allows determining the available energy of 390 kW in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Rodgers, David A. T. "Performance and Operational Issues at the Boardman Coal Plant." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81079.

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The keys to reliable and efficient coal fired power plant operations are combustion and performance monitoring. For this to occur it is necessary for the plant staff to have adequate tools that will enable them to make intelligent decisions. Success in this endeavor is insured with proper instrumentation, vigilant operations and a real time performance monitor. This paper will cite efforts made toward combustion improvements through the use of pulverizer coal flow enhancements, coal flow monitoring instrumentation and simple coal analysis trending. This paper will also provide examples of the value of a real time performance monitor as a tool for monitoring, identifying and addressing plant efficiency. Examples of the unique capability of tube leak identification using the plant’s performance monitor will be presented.
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Alexander, Pamela E. "Rail Transportation Energy Efficiency-Oriented Technologies." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74130.

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Rail transportation is playing a very important role in the effort to keep the world’s expanding major cities safe and mobile. Travel by rail can move people and cargo with higher levels of energy efficiency, greater safety, lower cost and greater reliability than any other mode of transportation. On average, trips by train can generate between one third and one fifth of the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the equivalent automobile or airplane travel. Environmental awareness plus reduced operating costs are primary considerations in decision making for new transit programs around the globe. Energy consumption is a major part of rail operation costs and has been at the focus of rail systems sustainability initiatives. The majority of energy consumed by metropolitan and urban rail systems is used to move the trains. In recent years, energy saving technologies for rail vehicle power systems have been implemented on many rail systems worldwide. Improving railway energy efficiency results in not only a reduction in energy consumption and cost, but also a reduction in pollution due to power generation. In an effort to promote environmental quality and energy efficiency, energy usage in rail systems is analyzed to identify new technologies, developments, and procedures for increased efficiency. This paper provides an overview of the various strategies and solutions used to increase energy efficiency in rail systems and highlights the key technologies needed for their implementation.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "High Speed Intercity and Urban Passenger Transport Maglev Train Technology Review: A Technical and Operational Assessment." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1227.

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Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a highly advanced technology which provides, through magnetic forces, contactless movement with no wear and friction and, hence, improved efficiency, followed by reduced operational costs. It can be used in many fields, from wind turbines to nuclear energy and elevators, among others. Maglev trains, which use magnetic levitation, guidance and propulsion systems, with no wheels, axles and transmission, are one of the most important application of the maglev concept, and represents the first fundamental innovation of rail technology since the launch of the railroad era. Due to its functional features, which replaces mechanical components by a wear free concept, maglev is able to overcome some of the technical restrictions of steel-wheel on rail (SWR) technology, running smoother and somewhat quieter than wheeled systems, with the potential for higher speeds, acceleration & braking rates and unaffected by weather, which ultimately makes it attractive for both high speed intercity and low speed urban transport applications. From a technical perspective, maglev transport might rely on basically 3 technological concepts: i) electromanetic suspension (EMS), based on the attraction effect of electromagnets on the vehicle body, that are attracted to the iron reactive rails (with small gaps and an unstable process that requires a refined control system); ii) Electrodynamic Levitation (EDL), which levitates the train with repulsive forces generated from the induced currents, resulted from the temporal variation of a magnetic field in the conductive guide ways and iii) Superconducting Levitation (SML), based on the so called Meissner Effect of superconductor materials. Each of these technologies present distinct maturity and specific technical features, in terms of complexity, performance and costs, and the one that best fits will depend on the required operational features of a maglev system (mainly speed). A short distance maglev shuttle first operated commercially for 11 years (1984 to 1995) connecting Birmingham (UK) airport to the the city train station. Then, high-speed full size prototype maglev systems have been demonstrated in Japan (EDL) (552 kph - 343 mph), and Germany (EMS) (450 kph - 280 mph). In 2004, China has launched a commercial high speed service (based on the German EMS technology), connecting the Pudong International Airport to the outskirts of the city of Shanghai. Japan has launched a low speed (up to 100 kph - 62.5 mph) commercial urban EMS maglev service (LIMINO, in 2005), followed by Korea (Incheon, in 2016) and China (Changsha, in 2016). Moreover, Japan is working on the high speed Maglev concept, with the so called Chuo Shinkansen Project, to connect Tokio to Nagoya, in 2027, with top speeds of 500 kph (310 mph). China is also working on a high speed maglev concept (600 kph - 375 mph), supported on EMS Maglev technology. Urban Maglev concept seeks to link large cities, with their satellite towns and suburbs, to downtown areas, as a substitute for subways, due to its low cost potential, compared to metros and light rail (basically due to their lower turning radius, grade ability and energy efficiency). High Speed Maglev is also seen as a promising technology, with the potential do provide high quality passenger transport service between cities in the 240–1,000 km (150–625 mi) distance range into a sustainable and reliable way. This work is supposed to present, based on a compilation of a multitude of accredited and acknowledged technical sources, a review of the maglev transport technology, emphasizing its potential and risks of the low and high speed (urban and intercity) market, followed by a brief summary of some case studies.
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DAPKIENĖ, Midona, Laima ČESONIENĖ, and Tomas PILIPAUSKAS,. "COMPARISON OF OPERATION OF KAUNAS AND KLAIPĖDA WWTPS DIGESTERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.042.

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The article provides comparison of operation of digesters for 2014, installed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of two Lithuanian cities Kaunas and Klaipėda. It was established that the temperature and decomposition degree of organic materials had impact on biogas discharge in digesters of both wastewater treatment plants. Increase of these technological parameters resulted in increase of biogas output. Actual output of biogas of Kaunas wastewater treatment plant digester was by 5.8 % less than theoretical output, in Klaipėda WWTP anaerobic reactor – by 4.2 %. After comparison of biogas discharge generated from 1 m3 of sludge in Kaunas and Klaipėda WWTPs it was established that the efficiency of Klaipėda WWTP digester exceeded the efficiency of Kaunas WWTP reactor by 7 %.
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Krebs, Alastair E. "Pipeline Maintenance Management: A Crucial Tool to Improve Safety and Efficiency." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27344.

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For any pipeline company to be successful and be seen as a respected global citizen, the impact of its operation on health, safety and the environment must be minimal and its productivity must be optimized at the lowest possible costs. In order to accomplish this an integrated maintenance management process must align to the business needs without impact on safety and the environment. This process must create an environment where by maintenance events are measured to determine their impact on the safety, environmental, and business goals. As a result the maintenance strategy is adapted to maximize the safety, environmental and business performance. An integrated maintenance management process will enhance the revenue earning capability of the business and not be a burden on it. To make the difference, a step change in thinking is required. For example: • Reducing maintenance activity whilst improving performance. • Establishing a benchmark performance model for the pipeline asset. • Maintenance must be seen as a dynamic process continually striving to improve performance. • Maintenance as a tool to identify and reduce health, safety, environmental and business risks to a level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). • Maintenance as a contributing factor to an increase in revenue earning capability through an increase in efficiency, as opposed to maintenance seen purely as a cost burden. • Maintenance management as a structured tool to reduce inventory and lifecycle costs, instead of subjective judgement. • Maintenance management as a tool to capture and protect corporate maintenance and operational knowledge, versus the costly process of reinventing the wheel over and over again by repetitive unwanted events. This way of thinking requires vision and commitment of the upper (corporate) management level as the maintenance and operational departments can never reach this goal individually. Subsequently, it requires total commitment of all departments and a proactive approach towards integrated asset management. Maintaining multi-million dollar pipeline assets is not an easy task and the costs involved are enormous. This paper describes an adaptive approach for an Integrated Maintenance Management System where the maintenance strategies are directed to where they will most benefit the safety, environmental and business goals of the asset.
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López-López, Álvaro J., Lars Abrahamsson, Ramón R. Pecharromán, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, Paloma Cucala, Stefan Östlund, and Lennart Söder. "A Variable No-Load Voltage Scheme for Improving Energy Efficiency in DC-Electrified Mass Transit Systems." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3818.

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Railway mass transit systems like subways play a fundamental role in the concept of sustainable cities. In these systems, the amount of passengers strongly fluctuates along the day. Hence, in order to provide a proper service without incurring disproportionate energy consumption, operation at different traffic densities is required. The majority of underground systems are DC-electrified. Standard DC voltages in railway systems are low for historical and safety reasons. In the rush hours, the large number of trains demanding power of the system may lead to overloaded substations and voltage dips. This problem is partially mitigated by means of substation-transformer tap regulation, which allows operators to increase the no-load voltage. High no-load voltage has a beneficial effect at all traffic-density scenarios in terms of transmission losses. However, at the same time it effectively reduces the system’s capacity to absorb regenerated energy, which may lead to inefficient energy consumption figures during off-peak hours. In this paper, the sensitivity of system energy consumption to no-load voltage has been analyzed. Several traffic-density scenarios in a case-study system are explored. As a result, a scheduled no-load voltage scheme is proposed for the operation of the system. This operation strategy improves energy efficiency without incurring a high investment cost. The only costs related to this proposed method are the costs of wear-and-tear in tap-changers. In case there are devices such as energy storage systems installed in the system, there would be additional operation costs related to a simultaneous update of the voltage limits for their operation.
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Reports on the topic "Operational efficiency in cities"

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Lindsay, Nathan J. Operational Assessment of Space: Toward Efficiency and Effectiveness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477045.

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Chand Sandhu, Sonia, and Ramola Naik Singru. Enabling GrEEEn Cities: An Operational Framework for Integrated Urban Development in Southeast Asia. Asian Development Bank, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps146999-2.

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Sullivan, Gregory P., Ray Pugh, and Aldo P. Melendez. Operations and Maintenance Best Practices--A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010224.

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Roper, Daniel S. A Dual-Edged Sword: Operational Risk and Efficiency"-Based Operations (EBO)". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429356.

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Wei, Ran, Aaron Golub, Liming Wang, and Thomas Cova. Evaluating and Enhancing Public Transit Systems for Operational Efficiency and Access Equity. Transportation Research and Education Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.203.

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Trautmann, Jr, and William D. Designing Bare Base Systems for Logistics Efficiency in the Joint Operational Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada476277.

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Sullivan, Greg, Ray Pugh, Aldo P. Melendez, and W. D. Hunt. Operations & Maintenance Best Practices - A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency (Release 3). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034595.

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Sullivan, Gregory P., Ray Pugh, Aldo P. Melendez, and W. D. Hunt. O&M Best Practices - A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency (Release 2.0). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947512.

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DeRobertis, Michelle, Christopher E. Ferrell, Richard W. Lee, and David Moore. City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1951.

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Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affect public transport providers’ ability to deliver transit services. They were found from a comprehensive literature review, interviews and discussions with five local transit agencies in the U.S., five public transportation experts and staff from five California cities. The city policies and practices identified fall into the following five categories: Infrastructure for buses, including bus lanes, signal treatments, curbside access; Infrastructure for pedestrians walking and bicycling to, and waiting at, transit stops and stations; Internal transportation planning policies and practices; Land development review policies; Regional and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) issues. The understanding, acknowledgment, and implementation of policies and practices identified in this report can help municipalities proactively work with local transit providers to more efficiently and effectively operate transit service and improve passenger comfort and safety on city streets.
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Xiong, Qian, Kazuki Inaba, Hideyuki Ogawa, and Gen Shibata. Influence of Fuel Properties on Operational Range and Thermal Efficiency of Premixed Diesel Combustion. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9054.

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