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1
Atalay, Ahmet. "Determination of Operational Efficiency in Urban Public Transport Lines." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2021.001.004.
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The increasing number of urban centers and the increasing number of vehicles caused by industrialization caused problems such as lack of infrastructure in traffic, environmental pollution and an increase in energy requirements. This situation led the city administrators to search for solutions in order to improve the efficiency of public transportation systems and increase their efficiency. In this study, it is aimed to determine the functional efficiency of the bus lines used in urban public transportation. For this purpose, the lines are classified according to their functional activities by using the functional data of the lines. Both classical cluster analysis and self-organizing mapping (SOM) method were used for classification. Data from Erzurum main public transport lines were used to implement the methods. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the two methods achieved similar results. As a result, it has been determined that classification of public transportation lines used in cities according to their functional efficiency will be beneficial for decision makers to make correct planning. With the right planning in public transport lines, significant economic and environmental benefits will be obtained.
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Streimikis, Justas, Evgeniy Kislitsyn, Nadezhda Surnina, and Viktor Gorodnichev. "An integrated platform for managing information in smart cities." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130105004.
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This article focuses on defining the integrated platform for managing information in smart cities. We look into the smart city platforms that are increasingly used in today’s cities all around the world. Smart city platforms can be deployed on private, public or hybrid clouds, remote servers or onsite. By definition, a smart city platform integrates many different functional areas of the smart city in a single environment. The Smart city platform offers integrated functionality to coordinate intelligent city data, applications, solutions and services at one or more operational levels between multiple stakeholders with integrated functionality. By monitoring and analysing the use of urban assets, the government can distribute them to improve operational efficiency. The platform provides middleware and operational functionality across multiple software and hardware, integrates multiple communication protocols, and provides latent and free solutions for smart cities. Managing the huge amounts of data generated by IoT-based sensors and systems is a main challenge facing end users and providers. We show that smart city platforms serve to standardize data and information across many silo systems. It is demonstrated that they provide a common mechanism for visualizing and managing data to optimize the entire urban operation.
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Calabrò, Francesco, and Lucia Della Spina. "Innovative Tools for the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Administrative Action of the Metropolitan Cities: The Strategic Operational Programme." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.3.
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Metropolitan Cities are considered a subject crucial to the development of the territories, for "... modernize the public administration, and respond with a streamlined structure and efficient response to the growing expectations of businesses and citizens" [.They should, therefore, be able to improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the territories also through innovative forms of governance, able to used most effectively administrative action.This paper aims to deepen the reflection on the most appropriate tools whose metropolitan cities should have in order to respond to its founding purpose.
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Yao, Di, Liqun Xu, and Jinpei Li. "Evaluating the Performance of Public Transit System: A Case Study of Eleven Cities in China." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133555.
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This paper presents a super efficiency network Data Envelopment Analysis (SE-NDEA) model for eleven cities in China. The model focuses on measuring the performance of public transit system by integrating multiple stakeholders involved in public transit system with the exogenous environment in where they operated. Thus, local authority, bus operators, passengers, uncontrollable environmental factors, and the externality of public transit are all taken into account in the measurement framework. They are interrelated inputs and outputs. The measurement framework can simultaneously capture each public transit system’s production efficiency, service effectiveness, and operational effectiveness. Meanwhile, undesirable outputs, uncontrollable factors, and boundary-valued variables are considered. The paper evaluates the performance of public transit system of 11 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2016. The results reveal that the exogenous environment has a marked impact on the performance measurement of public transit system. Super cities tend to perform better than mega cities, and mega cities tend to perform better than large cities. Furthermore, service effectiveness has a significantly positive correlation with production efficiency, and transit rail tends to perform better than the conventional bus. These findings have an important implication for China’s bus priority implement and more general managerial insights for public transit development.
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Mozgovoy, Dmytro. "Operational satellite monitoring vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing, no. 17 (June 27, 2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2018.17.123.
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A technique for the operational monitoring of vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities by satellite images of ultrahigh spatial resolution of the visible and IR ranges is proposed. In the process of processing multispectral images from the satellite DubaiSat-2, vector layers of recognized vegetation and water objects were obtained. The analysis of the results of the automated processing of satellite images showed a sufficiently high accuracy of distinguishing the boundaries of recognized objects and a good separation of classes. The developed methodology allows to significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of updating maps of large cities while reducing financial costs. Due to the high degree of automation, the proposed methodology can be implemented in the form of a geoinformation web service, functioning in the interests of a wide range of users.
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Liu, Hongwei, Henry Tsai, and Jie Wu. "Regional hotel performance and benchmarking in the Pearl River Delta." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 855–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2016-0270.
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Purpose This study models cost-efficiency against revenue for hotels in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) – in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau – by considering regional differences and weight restrictions on revenue output. Design/methodology/approach The authors modified and applied a context-dependent assurance region data envelopment analysis (CAR-DEA) model in assessing the performance of 41 hotels in the PRD. The model considers the relationships among output variables and sets the revenue composition of the hotels as weight restrictions in accounting for the relative importance of different revenue sources. Findings When assessing the 41 hotels all together, those in Guangzhou outperformed the hotels in other two cities by showing better pure technical efficiency (PTE), while those in Macau had the best scale efficiency (SE). When the assurance region (AR) restriction was imposed, the hotels in Macau outperformed those in the other two cities by showing better SE. When considering regional differences, the Macau hotels ranked first in terms of both the average efficiency score and the overall ranking. All the sample hotels in Guangzhou and half of the sample hotels in Hong Kong and Macau exhibited increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale. Research limitations/implications The research results are limited by data quality and the variables included in the models. Practical implications The study helps hotel practitioners in the PRD better assess their cost-efficiency performance by considering regional differences and operational parameters so as to strategically improve their performance. Originality/value This study improves upon previous hotel efficiency studies by considering the influence of different operational parameters across different localities. It can be extended to examine the performance of different calibers of hotels, restaurants or tourism entities located in various localities and possessing different operational characteristics.
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Chen, Yan. "Research on Planning and Management of Large-Scale Sports Venues in Chinese Cities." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0020.
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To improve the operational management benefits of large-scale sports venues, the literature data method, questionnaire survey method, and comparative analysis method were used to study the planning and management of large-scale sports stadiums in China. From the macro external environment, the micro external environment and the internal management of the venue, the opportunities and challenges of China's large stadiums were analyzed. Corresponding countermeasures to improve the efficiency of venue operation management were proposed. The results show that the proportion of business structure of large-scale sports stadiums in China was unreasonable, and the ontology management was in a polarized development trend. The venue utilization rate was generally low. In addition, the operational management benefits of large-scale sports stadiums in China were affected by the micro-external environment and the internal conditions of the venues. Therefore, this research has important reference significance for the operation and management of stadiums.
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Wu, Lina, Yusheng Ci, Yichen Sun, and Wei Qi. "Research on Joint Control of On-Ramp Metering and Mainline Speed Guidance in the Urban Expressway Based on MPC and Connected Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7518087.
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The traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system will affect one of the entire cities. Moreover, the idea that traffic control can improve the traffic operational efficiency of the urban expressway system has been fully confirmed. At present, the main control methods include on-ramp metering and speed guidance control. However, there is a gap in using these two control methods together, such as unclear application conditions and unsystematic methods. In this paper, on-ramp metering and speed guidance control are combined effectively. Based on the research of METANET macroscopic traffic flow model and model predictive control (MPC), a novel joint control method based on MPC and connected vehicles (CVs) for on-ramp metering and speed guidance control of the urban expressway is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control method can effectively improve the traffic efficiency and traffic safety.
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Li, Feng, Yang Su, Jiaping Xie, Weijun Zhu, and Yahua Wang. "The Impact of High-Speed Rail Opening on City Economics along the Silk Road Economic Belt." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083176.
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Achieving transport connectivity is a priority in China’s “Belt and Road Initiative”. In order to further understand the impact of railway infrastructure on city-level economic expansion, we set cities with high-speed rail as the treatment group and those without high-speed rail as the control group, and a difference-in-differences (DID) technique was used to estimate the growth impact and heterogeneity of high-speed rail opening on the economic growth of cities along the New Silk Road Economic Belt. The main results are as follows: First, economic growth in cities with operational high-speed rail lines was significantly higher than those without high-speed rail. Second, the impact of high-speed rail on economic growth exhibited distinct heterogeneity. Large cities tend to have a stronger siphoning effect, resulting in more pronounced impact of high-speed rail opening on urban economic growth. Third, cities with higher marketization levels and higher government efficiency were shown to have stronger economic growth effect.
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Rai, Sunil, Mukta Deshpande, and Geeta Thakur. "People Centric Smart Cities." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017005003.
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Smart Cities Project is been undertaken in mission mode by the Government of India. The endeavor is to plan and build / rebuild pollution free, eco friendly living spaces with the efficient means of Transportation, Communication, Governance, Health Services and other civic requirements. There is also an emphasis on giving identity to these cities based on its main economic activity. The aspects of peaceful and happy living with regard to values and universal common good of mankind does not come out clearly in the definition and other mission statements. This paper endeavors to highlight the importance of the Culture and Spirituality in creating the cities that will promote Peace, Harmony, Happiness and the Virtue of co-existence amongst the dwellers in keeping with the rich traditions and value systems inherited from the glorious past. It is emphasized that the Smart City be given the identity which is representative of its character, culture and the unique value that it offers. The quest to build smart cities from the standpoint of enhanced economic activity and operational efficiency with the use of High-end integrated technologies for automation, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things the importance of “Culture” as bedrock of “Smartness” has been subdued. It is proposed that the richness of Culture, strength of Spirituality and importance of Identity based on values and character be emphasized in planning and building smart cities. A framework to assess the contribution of a People Centered Smart City in its role as “Culture Transmitter” in influencing the growth, sustainability and wellbeing of inhabitants is also presented.
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Chen, Ying, Michael Hyland, Michael Patrick Wilbur, and Hani S. Mahmassani. "Characterization of Taxi Fleet Operational Networks and Vehicle Efficiency: Chicago Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 48 (October 26, 2018): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118799165.
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Taxi fleets serve a significant and important subset of travel demand in major cities around the world. This paper characterizes the Chicago taxi fleet operational network using complex network metrics and analyzes the operational efficiency of individual taxis over the past four years using an extensive taxi-trip dataset. The dataset, recently released by the city of Chicago, includes the pickup and drop-off census tracts and time stamps for over 100 million taxi trips. The paper explores year-over-year changes in the spatial distribution of Chicago taxi travel demand. The taxi pickup and drop-off census tract locations are modeled as nodes, and links are generated between unique pickup and drop-off node pairs. The analysis shows that high-demand pickup and drop-off location pairs in 2013 generated similar trip volumes in 2016; however, the low-demand pairs in 2013 generated significantly fewer trips in 2016. Additionally, this paper presents temporal efficiency and spatial efficiency metrics. The temporal efficiency metric determines the percentage of in-service time taxis are productive (i.e., transporting travelers), rather than empty. The spatial efficiency metric measures the percentage of taxi miles that are productive (i.e., loaded), rather than empty. The efficiency analysis of the Chicago taxi fleet shows that, for most taxis, around 50% of their in-service time and travel distance are unproductive. This inefficiency negatively affects the profitability of individual drivers and the fleet, traffic congestion, vehicle emissions, the service quality provided to customers, and the ability of taxi services to compete with emerging mobility services.
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St-Arnaud, Emmanuelle. "Low-Cost High-Efficiency Joint Training Program." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003273.
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Introduction:As the second largest metropolitan area in Canada, Montréal has its share of risks for disasters and major incidents. In such events, the interoperability of emergency services is critical to effective interventions. As the emergency medical service (EMS) for the cities of Montréal and Laval, the Urgences-santé Corporation (USC) has close ties with several emergency partners on the territory, including police and fire departments. These different organizations have joined forces to develop a tabletop exercise program (TEP) to train operational managers to initiate a better-coordinated response on joint interventions.Aim:The TEP was designed to enhance interoperability in the field by improving communication and the understanding of the roles, responsibilities, methods of coordination and decision-making in each of the organizations involved. The aim is for all of USC’s operational managers to participate in at least one exercise of the TEP within the first year of the program.Methods:Selection criteria were established to gather, for each exercise, managers that are likely to work with one another on a real intervention. The TEP was also designed in such a way that its implementation would require few resources and yield minimal impact on regular operations.Results:After four pilot exercises to fine-tune the approach, the program was launched on October 5, 2018. We have now run eight exercises, each involving one or more USC supervisor. The response has been very favorable from the participants as well as their directors.Discussion:In the short term, the TEP helps managers understand their counterparts’ key issues, and has already yielded improvements in our joint interventions. In the longer term, the program will help identify specific training needs to better equip responders.
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Li, Qiong, Peng rui Bai, Yang Chen, Xiao Wei, and Jinjun Tang. "Efficiency Evaluation of Bus Transport Operations Given Exogenous Environmental Factors." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899782.
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As a mode of green transport that can effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion and improve air quality, bus transport is highly subsidized by governments at all levels in China. Thus, measuring efficiency in the bus transport sector is particularly important. However, few reports in the literature have taken exogenous environmental factors into consideration to evaluate public transport operation efficiency. This may lead to inaccurate evaluation results. This study employs the three-stage DEA model, which can eliminate the impacts of exogenous environmental factors on public bus transport operation to gain real efficiency results. Meanwhile, to further explore how exogenous environmental factors affect bus transport operations, a tobit model is used to analyse the results. The main results of this paper reveal the following: first, exogenous environmental factors have a significant impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. It is reasonable and necessary to select the three-stage method to eliminate environmental factors for real bus operation efficiency. Second, the fluctuations of the bus transport efficiency of 30 cities decreased during 2010–2016. The western region has the highest operation efficiency, followed by the eastern and the middle regions. Third, the economic, taxi transport, and urban rail transport have a marked impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. This paper confirms the important influence of exogenous environmental factors on the efficiency of public transport operations. In addition, this article could help improve the efficiency of urban public transport operations and promote the attractiveness of urban public transport and the amount of green travel.
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Georgiadis, Georgios, Ioannis Politis, and Panagiotis Papaioannou. "How Does Operational Environment Influence Public Transport Effectiveness? Evidence from European Urban Bus Operators." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124919.
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Public transport systems’ effectiveness is a well-recognized pillar of their sustainability. In this study, we employed order-m efficiency estimators to investigate the effectiveness of 57 bus public transport operators that provide services in both large and medium sized European cities. Their effectiveness was simulated through a tailored production model and was evaluated against critical exogenous variables, which were mostly extracted from Eurostat database. Results showed that the effectiveness of the examined operators is generally satisfactory. Our research suggests that certain exogenous factors significantly affect operators’ effectiveness and thus create either advantageous or disadvantageous operational environments for maintaining public transport sustainability. Among these factors, household size, unemployment and car ownership rates were found to be unfavorable to bus public transport operations. Contrary to them, the presence of university students and metro systems in cities create a favorable operational environment for bus public transport effectiveness. These findings assist in the identification of sustainable development policies that would both contribute to public transport sustainability and to the fulfillment of wider community goals. Our findings also rationalize benchmarking exercises in the public transport industry, since they enable fair performance comparisons between systems that seek to incorporate successful management practices to improve their sustainability.
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Dudkyn, Yevgeniy, Viktoriya Chernyayeva, Svetlana Doronycheva, and Kirill Smyrnov. "Tram’s efficiency and competitiveness increase on passenger market." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-230-237.
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Objective: To justify a list of measures, allowing for the increase of tram’s competitiveness and efficiency on a transportation services’ market. Transport is one of the key elements of city’s social and economic development, consuming a considerable amount of resources. At present, the issue of municipal passenger complex development is topical, both in Russia and abroad. For a majority of cities the main types of urban transport are: a subway, a tram, a trolleybus and a bus. In recent years, a tram does not only restore, but also wins one’s way in urban transport systems. Vast experience of tram’s application has justified its profitability, high carrying capacity and the ability and possibility to achieve higher speeds; moreover, modern track design application with adoption of most recent technologies of noise and jittering reduction increases residents’ attraction from an aesthetic point of view and also decreases a detrimental impact on ecosystems. Methods: Having taken the present methods of capital efficiency as a basis for the research, a methodology has been suggested, taking into account different factors when justifying capital efficiency in the construction of new and the development of the existing municipal facilities of railroad transport, particularly, a tram. The key concept, built into the methodology in question, is the assessment of capital efficiency in the process of development of the existing and construction of the new lines of municipal transport, on the basis of their in-depth technical and economic assessment, carried from the viewpoint of capital and operational costs, significant social and economic, ecological effects and losses, occurring in the process of construction and maintenance of transportation facilities. Results: New methods of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of modernization of the existing and constructing of the new tram lines in cities were justified. Practical importance: The determination of real spheres of trams’ usage increases economic efficiency and social attraction of urban transport определение реальных сфер использования трамвая повышает экономическую эффективность и социальную привлекательность городского транспорта
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Skirkouski, Siarhei, Uladzimir Sedziukevich, Volodymyr Karpenko, and Stanislav Svichynskyi. "RESEARCH OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT." Automobile transport, no. 48 (May 29, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2021.48.0.45.
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Problem. Currently, there is no universal approach to improve the efficiency of the urban public transport operation. Different methods are used during the estimation of public transport operation cost and the quality of services for the passengers. It makes actual the development of the target function which will allow assessing the carrier cost and passenger expenditures, and therefore find the balance between the interests of these parties of the transportation process. Thus, the alternative to the existing approaches can be created and then used to organize passenger transportation and improve transport enterprise management. Development of this alternative is the actual task as the new target function will open the horizon to improve the methods of organization of public transport operation. Goal. The new approach to optimize the costs of public transport operation needs to be tested for the appropriateness for the planning of passenger service in cities. Methodology. The developed target function was derived as the result of the analysis of the economic and social factors influencing the efficiency of the urban public transport operation. Results. The use of the developed target function allows finding the optimal values of cost components for the passenger and the carrier. Originality. The obtained function to optimize the performance of public transport allows reducing the costs of suboptimal use of vehicles capacity, suboptimal allocation of the vehicles to the routes and the irrational organization of vehicles operating on the routes. Practical value. The results of the research clarify the controlled and uncontrolled parameters of the public transport system operation.
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Zaballos, Agustín, Alan Briones, Alba Massa, Pol Centelles, and Víctor Caballero. "A Smart Campus’ Digital Twin for Sustainable Comfort Monitoring." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 9196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219196.
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Interdisciplinary cross-cultural and cross-organizational research offers great opportunities for innovative breakthroughs in the field of smart cities, yet it also presents organizational and knowledge development hurdles. Smart cities must be large towns able to sustain the needs of their citizens while promoting environmental sustainability. Smart cities foment the widespread use of novel information and communication technologies (ICTs); however, experimenting with these technologies in such a large geographical area is unfeasible. Consequently, smart campuses (SCs), which are universities where technological devices and applications create new experiences or services and facilitate operational efficiency, allow experimentation on a smaller scale, the concept of SCs as a testbed for a smart city is gaining momentum in the research community. Nevertheless, while universities acknowledge the academic role of a smart and sustainable approach to higher education, campus life and other student activities remain a mystery, which have never been universally solved. This paper proposes a SC concept to investigate the integration of building information modeling tools with Internet of Things- (IoT)-based wireless sensor networks in the fields of environmental monitoring and emotion detection to provide insights into the level of comfort. Additionally, it explores the ability of universities to contribute to local sustainability projects by sharing knowledge and experience across a multi-disciplinary team. Preliminary results highlight the significance of monitoring workspaces because productivity has been proven to be directly influenced by environment parameters. The comfort-monitoring infrastructure could also be reused to monitor physical parameters from educational premises to increase energy efficiency.
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Lu, Xinhai, Yifeng Tang, and Shangan Ke. "Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China." Land 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030303.
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The construction and operation of high-speed rail (HSR) has become an important policy for China to achieve efficiency and fairness and promote high-quality economic growth. HSR promotes the flow of production factors such as labor and capital and affects economic growth, and may further affect urban land use efficiency (ULUE). To explore the impact of HSR on ULUE, this paper uses panel data of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2018, and constructs Propensity Score Matching-Differences in Differences model to evaluate the effect of HSR on ULUE. The result of entire China demonstrates that the HSR could significantly improves the ULUE. Meanwhile, this paper also considers the heterogeneity of results caused by geographic location, urban levels and scales. It demonstrates that the HSR has a significantly positive effect on ULUE of Eastern, Central China, and large-sized cities. However, in Western China, in medium-sized, and small-sized cities, the impact of HSR on ULUE is not significant. This paper concludes that construction and operation of HSR should be linked to urban development planning and land use planning. Meanwhile, the cities with different geographical locations and scales should take advantage of HSR to improve ULUE and promote urban coordinated development.
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Rakha, H., A. Medina, H. Sin, F. Dion, M. Van Aerde, and J. Jenq. "Traffic Signal Coordination Across Jurisdictional Boundaries: Field Evaluation of Efficiency, Energy, Environmental, and Safety Impacts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1727, no. 1 (January 2000): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1727-06.
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Some insight into the potential benefits of coordinating traffic signals across jurisdictional boundaries by using as a case study the Scottsdale Road–Rural Road corridor in the Arizona cities of Tempe and Scottsdale is provided. In particular, the feasibility of using second-by-second speed measurements from Global Positioning System-equipped vehicles for evaluation of the environmental and safety impacts of operational-level traffic improvement projects is demonstrated. The use of statistical models for the evaluation of efficiency, energy, emissions, and safety benefits of operational-level traffic improvement projects without the need to invest in expensive equipment such as emissions analyzers is also demonstrated. Furthermore, it is also shown that the use of statistical models allows evaluation of measures of effectiveness that would not otherwise be evaluated, such as accident risk. On the basis of a field evaluation of the main travel corridor of the study area, it was determined that the signal coordination project would increase the average speed on the main line by 6 percent over the a.m. peak, midday, and p.m. peak analysis periods. It was also found that the number of vehicle stops would be reduced by 3.6 percent, on average, whereas the fuel consumption would be reduced by 1.6 percent. The emissions of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen remained constant, whereas the carbon monoxide emissions increased by 1.2 percent. Finally, the crash risk was reduced by 6.7 percent. The results for the three analysis periods indicated statistically significant benefits to the approaches of the retimed traffic signals. However, these benefits were found to be statistically insignificant when the 21 traffic signals of the entire main line were considered.
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Pacheco-García, Eduardo Alfonso, and Alba Yajaira Sánchez-Delgado. "Quality of the bicycle transportation service in small and intermediate cities in Colombia." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 49 (August 7, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n49.2018.8686.
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Nowadays, the bicycle, as a means of mobility, is the most eco-friendly vehicle; however, and despite its many benefits, its use at a global scale is quite low. This study aimed to discover the reasons for the low use of bicycles as means of transportation in Colombian, by formulating a method to analyze the service quality of the Bicycle Transportation System (BTS) in small and intermediate cities of the country. Measurement techniques used in the Social Sciences allowed us to study the perception that the user has of the BTS, to identify the most representative attributes of the system and their respective variables, as well as to qualify and quantify them. Applying the method to a case city allowed elucidating the deficiencies perceived by the BTS users, as well as evaluating variables quantitative and qualitatively to obtain a level of service that measures the user acceptance rate of the BTS. The results derived from this method make possible to manage operational actions that improve efficiency in bicycle mobility, with its corresponding economic, environmental and social benefits, to ultimately improve the quality of life of its users. The method and the recommended techniques can be applied to small and intermediate cities, allowing the necessary adjustments for any other type of city.
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Nieto, Maria Rosa, and Rafael Bernardo Carmona-Benítez. "An Approach to Measure the Performance and the Efficiency of Future Airport Infrastructure." Mathematics 9, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9161873.
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The aim of this paper is to design an approach to evaluate the expected efficiency and performance of future airport infrastructure. First, an airport sampling method to select similar airports is developed based on socioeconomic and operational airport variables that are summarized in a proxy variable; second, the ARIMA-GARCH-Bootstrap method is applied to forecast the selected outputs (PAX and ATMS) whilst the selected inputs (Cities, Gates, Runaways, Airport Size, Pax carriers, and Num. of employees) remain constant; and third, the VRS-OO and the CRS-OO DEA models are implemented to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the airports in the current and future years. The proposed approach is used to evaluate the future airport infrastructure of the new Mexico City Airport against 19 representative worldwide airport hubs. The proposed approach is applied to analyze the Mexico City Airport multi-airport system infrastructure as a case study. The results show that this multi-airport system requires more airside infrastructure that must be added by the new Mexico City Airport, airlines should operate aircrafts with more capacity to serve more PAX per ATM, and airlines must open new connections at the new Mexico City Airport to increase the expected efficiency and performance of this multi-airport system.
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Kuhn, Beverly, and Debbie Jasek. "State Legislative Issues for Managed Lanes in Texas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, no. 1 (January 2003): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-18.
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The managed lane concept is currently being considered on major free way projects in Texas cities. The term managed lanes encompasses a variety of facility types, including high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, single-occupancy vehicle express lanes, special-use lanes, and truck lanes. The premise of the managed lanes concept is to increase freeway efficiency and provide free-flow operations for certain freeway users by packaging various operational and design strategies. The strategies deployed offer the flexibility to be adjusted to match changing corridor and regional goals. Research undertaken in Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) research project Operating Freeways with Managed Lanes, which assessed state legislative needs necessary for Texas to legally and successfully implement the various types of managed lane facilities across the state, is discussed. Texas statutes may require changes in various areas to allow the implementation of managed lanes, including defining managed lanes as an operational concept in Texas, authorizing entities to develop managed lane facilities for congestion mitigation purposes, allowing entities operational flexibility with managed lane facilities, authorizing entities to develop exclusive lane facilities for congestion mitigation purposes, authorizing TxDOT to establish lane restrictions for congestion mitigation purposes, removing the time-of-day limitation on current municipal authorization for lane restrictions, and making the unlawful violation of any managed lane facility in Texas punishable by fine.
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Nikšić, Dragana, Ediba Saračević, Aida Ćemerlić- Kulić, Amira Kurspahić-Mujčić, Selena Bajraktarević, and Haris Nikšić. "Evaluation of efficiency: practical issues in the management of childhood asthma." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2005): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2005.3229.
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Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children and adolescents. The pediatric "Asthma School" has been established to improve the health and quality of life of children with asthma through education and support. The purpose of work is evaluation of efficiency education adolescents, children and parents in prevention, adequate use medications and control of asthma. It was operational investigation. The study was enrolled 70 participants from 7 cities in FBiH, which were attended "Asthma School". Evaluations of efficiency of education program have been done through questionnaires using 5-point scale. Observing variables were: attitude about quality of education and level of knowledge about asthma at the end of the educational round. "Asthma School" attended 62 parents and 8 adolescents. The age of children was 6-14 years. The most of participants were with middle school education (64.3%). Successfulness of seminar was score with highest point of scale by 79%. Access to health information was important for patients in adequate treating illness (80.6%) and in prevention of asthma (15%). There was a significant improvement for 38,4% in the basic knowledge of asthma among participants, from 2.7 before to 3.8 after education. Among 20 children that have learned proper technique breathing there was not register worsening symptoms of asthma by 83.4%. There was a significant improvement in the condition of patient, following by greater value PEF (72.3% participants). The results implicate necessity of continuity such action in order to make life of young asthma patient.
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Marin-Plaza, Pablo, David Yagüe, Francisco Royo, Miguel Ángel de Miguel, Francisco Miguel Moreno, Alejandro Ruiz-de-la-Cuadra, Fernando Viadero-Monasterio, Javier Garcia, José Luis San Roman, and José María Armingol. "Project ARES: Driverless Transportation System. Challenges and Approaches in an Unstructured Road." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151753.
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The expansion of electric vehicles in urban areas has paved the way toward the era of autonomous vehicles, improving the performance in smart cities and upgrading related driving problems. This field of research opens immediate applications in the tourism areas, airports or business centres by greatly improving transport efficiency and reducing repetitive human tasks. This project shows the problems derived from autonomous driving such as vehicle localization, low coverage of 4G/5G and GPS, detection of the road and navigable zones including intersections, detection of static and dynamic obstacles, longitudinal and lateral control and cybersecurity aspects. The approaches proposed in this article are sufficient to solve the operational design of the problems related to autonomous vehicle application in the special locations such as rough environment, high slopes and unstructured terrain without traffic rules.
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Sojkova, Katerina, Martin Volf, Antonin Lupisek, Roman Bolliger, and Tomas Vachal. "Selection of Favourable Concept of Energy Retrofitting Solution for Social Housing in the Czech Republic Based on Economic Parameters, Greenhouse Gases, and Primary Energy Consumption." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 6482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226482.
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Energy retrofitting of existing building stock has significant potential for the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Roughly half of the CO2 emissions from Czech building stock are estimated to be allocated to residential buildings. Approximately one-third of the Czech residential building stock have already been retrofitted, but retrofitting mostly takes place in large cities due to greater income. A favourable concept for the mass retrofitting of residential building stock, affordable even in low-income regions, was of interest. For a reference building, multi-criteria assessment of numerous retrofitting measures was performed. The calculation involved different building elements, materials, solutions, and energy-efficiency levels in combination with various heating systems. The assessment comprised environmental impact, represented by operational and embodied primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and investment and operational costs using the annuity method. Analysis resulted in the identification of favourable retrofitting measures and showed that complex building retrofitting is advantageous from both a cost and an environmental point of view. The environmental burden could be decreased by approximately 10–30% even without photovoltaic installation, and costs per year could be decreased by around 40%.
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Wen, Xuedong, Hong Xie, Hua Liu, and Li Yan. "Accurate Reconstruction of the LoD3 Building Model by Integrating Multi-Source Point Clouds and Oblique Remote Sensing Imagery." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030135.
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3D urban building models, which provide 3D information services for urban planning, management and operational decision-making, are essential for constructing digital cities. Unfortunately, the existing reconstruction approaches for LoD3 building models are insufficient in model details and are associated with a heavy workload, and accordingly they could not satisfy urgent requirements of realistic applications. In this paper, we propose an accurate LoD3 building reconstruction method by integrating multi-source laser point clouds and oblique remote sensing imagery. By combing high-precision plane features extracted from point clouds and accurate boundary constraint features from oblique images, the building mainframe model, which provides an accurate reference for further editing, is quickly and automatically constructed. Experimental results show that the proposed reconstruction method outperforms existing manual and automatic reconstruction methods using both point clouds and oblique images in terms of reconstruction efficiency and spatial accuracy.
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Zhang, Jun, Jianpeng Chang, Ping Lin, Minzi Song, and Yanqiu Gong. "Operation Efficiency Evaluation of the China-Europe Freight Train Based on Grey Cross-Efficiency DEA." Scientific Programming 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843733.
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The China-Europe Freight Train (CEFT) serves as an important carrier and platform for international economic cooperation and international trade circulation between China and Europe. Since it worked, its actual operation and development have been affected by many factors, but the level of its actual operating efficiency and the main affecting factors of CEFT have been difficult to find, which has severely limited its sustainable development. Therefore, this paper scientifically selected the operation efficiency evaluation indicator system of CEFT and combined grey system theory, cross-efficiency method, and DEA to construct a new DEA evaluation model based on grey cross-efficiency, which can not only overcome the problem of ignoring the relative importance ratings of the evaluation indicator in the general DEA evaluation model and the traditional cross-efficiency DEA evaluation model but also more accurately evaluate the actual operation efficiency of CEFT. At the same time, based on the actual operating data of CEFT from 2011 to 2018 and the above new evaluation models, the CEFT’s operation efficiency was evaluated and tested by examples, showing that on the one hand, the grey cross-efficiency DEA evaluation model can more accurately evaluate the actual operation efficiency of CEFT than other traditional evaluation models; on the other hand, it is found that the “overseas cities,” “operating lines,” and “entry-exit nodes” are currently the main factors that limit the actual operation efficiency of CEFT and indicating improvement direction for the future efficient and sustainable development of CEFT.
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Drábek, Michal. "ON EFFICIENT OPERATIONAL CONCEPT OF FUTURE HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 5 (September 15, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2016.5.0004.
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The aim of this paper is to elaborate a layout of the first operational concept of Rapid Services with 1 hour system travel time between Praha and Brno. Two basic methods are used – Integrated Periodic Timetable (periodic rendezvous of all services in IPT-nodes) and Operational Concept Economy Approach, as defined below by the author. In this paper, three recent high-speed railway concepts for the future so-called Rapid Services network of the Czech Republic are followed-up. The first one is an operational traffic planning study by Kalcík, Janoš et al. on behalf of Czech Ministry of Transport from 2010. The second one is the high-speed railway promoting book High Speed Rail Even in the Czech Republic by Šlegr et al. from 2012, with likely the most detailed concept of Rapid Services network. The third one is a paper on progress of the official spatial-technical studies for some future Czech high-speed lines by Šulc from 2014. The importance of achievement of 1 hour travel time between the largest agglomerations is briefly presented. The presented methodological approach, although soft and manager-oriented, comprises some firm principles: segmentation of high-speed train offer, so that more expensive rolling stock is not wasted by operation on long conventional line sections, consideration of system travel times for efficient rolling stock circuit, restriction of need for links from high-speed to conventional lines, and utilization of high-speed lines as a "rail highway". This approach is intended to be particularized iteratively, with every application. So, in this paper, first version of Operational Concept Economy Approach is introduced. The key idea is that passengers should be offered such travel times and service intervals (headways) and such number of direct services, which are adequate to their potential demand, but as much synergistic effect as possible should be strived to be achieved for every proposed construction (new or modernized one). Such approach goes towards economic efficiency, which is crucial indicator for political decision necessary for building, let alone EU co-funding of the construction. Experience shows that in many Czech feasibility studies, achievement of sufficient economic efficiency was the most complicated part of the study. Results show that an efficient operational concept can be designed not at the expense of runtimes between the largest cities.
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FARIDI, Adnan, and Akhtar BALOCH. "THE MODERATING ROLE OF MODERN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT METHODS IN PRIVATE BANKS AND WORK PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CONTRACTUAL EMPLOYEES WORKING IN PAKISTAN BANKING SECTOR." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 6, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i3.378.
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The article attempts to investigate the moderating role and effect of the modern methods of training and development programs in private banks on the individual work performances of the employees. Through area cluster sampling technique survey questionnaire, the data was gathered from 280 employees working at the operational level in 8 major cities of Pakistan. The results confirmed that the private banks have significant contribution in improving the overall performances of the banking sector whereas modern methods of training and development has statistically significant effect on enhancing the working performance of contractual employees. The frequently evident practices; professionalism and employee engagement developed through training are considered and both have significant relationship with the enhanced work performance of employees. Hence, modern training and development methods are pivotal moderator in improving the working efficiency of the private banks and enhancing the knowledge, skills and abilities of the contractual workforce.
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Ngandam Mfondoum, A. H., P. G. Gbetkom, R. Cooper, S. Hakdaoui, and M. B. Mansour Badamassi. "EXTRACTING BUILT-UP FEATURES IN COMPLEX BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS BY USING A LANDSAT BANDS RATIO." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-2-2020 (November 17, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-2-2020-79-2020.
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Abstract. This paper addresses the remote sensing challenging field of urban mixed pixels on a medium spatial resolution satellite data. The tentatively named Normalized Difference Built-up and Surroundings Unmixing Index (NDBSUI) is proposed by using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands. It uses the Shortwave Infrared 2 (SWIR2) as the main wavelength, the SWIR1 with the red wavelengths, for the built-up extraction. A ratio is computed based on the normalization process and the application is made on six cities with different urban and environmental characteristics. The built-up of the experimental site of Yaoundé is extracted with an overall accuracy of 95.51% and a kappa coefficient of 0.90. The NDBSUI is validated over five other sites, chosen according to Cameroon’s bioclimatic zoning. The results are satisfactory for the cities of Yokadouma and Kumba in the bimodal and monomodal rainfall zones, where overall accuracies are up to 98.9% and 97.5%, with kappa coefficients of 0.88 and 0.94 respectively, although these values are close to those of three other indices. However, in the cities of Foumban, Ngaoundéré and Garoua, representing the western highlands, the high Guinea savannah and the Sudano-sahelian zones where built-up is more confused with soil features, overall accuracies of 97.06%, 95.29% and 74.86%, corresponding to 0.918, 0.89 and 0.42 kappa coefficients were recorded. Difference of accuracy with EBBI, NDBI and UI are up to 31.66%, confirming the NDBSUI efficiency to automate built-up extraction and unmixing from surrounding noises with less biases.
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Meng, Zhe, Baohua Guo, Huihui Wang, Qingwen Guo, and YeLan Zhu. "Operation status and line optimization of Wanda Plaza Parking lot." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303072.
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Vehicle parking is not only an important problem in urban traffic, but also an important factor affecting the relationship between cities and within cities. In this paper, by investigating the parking conditions of Jiaozuo Wanda Plaza in 2018, important parameters such as average parking time on weekdays and holidays, berth turnover rate, parking utilization rate and centralized parking index were obtained. Based on the obtained parameters, multi-angle optimization analysis was conducted on the parking lot. In order to reduce the congestion of the entrance and exit of parking lots and improve parking efficiency, this paper adopts the method of increasing the entrance and exit of parking lots and optimizing the route. It has great reference value in practical application.
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Bolshakov, N. A., O. N. Didmanidze, and E. P. Parlyuk. "Modernization of the cooling system in tractors with gas engines." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 04048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022404048.
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With an increase in the power/weight ratio of vehicles in cities and towns, the thermal loads of many functional units increase significantly. This requires the organization of the removal of excess heat into the environment, since the violation of the proper thermal regime in individual functional units prevents the realization of the potential operational properties of the entire vehicle up to failure. At the same time, the variety of operating conditions for vehicles, causing a change in a wide range of factors of the working environment, especially road and climatic ones, creates a difficult, both in practical and theoretical terms, problem of ensuring the required thermal regime for functional units. In this regard, the paper presents a consistent development of the theory of hydrothermodynamic properties of functional units based on the principles of constructing the operational properties of vehicles. The problems determining the further search and scientific substantiation of meters and indicators for assessing the efficiency of cooling systems, as well as the development of methods, tools and equipment for calculating and studying these systems are considered. At the same time, the work presents the improvement of the working process and designs of gas engines of tractors aimed at increasing reliability through the use of new production technologies. In conclusion, the definition of scientifically grounded methods and practical solutions for improving the performance of cooling systems is given, which has an important scientific and economic significance for increasing the operational properties of agricultural tractors, substantiating the current importance.
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Mohanty, Malaya. "Operational effects of speed breakers: a case study in India." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 81 (March 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.81.1.
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Traffic condition in India is highly heterogeneous consisting of vehicles of different static and dynamic characteristics. The speeds of all vehicles are non-uniform. Therefore, to regulate the speeds of different category of vehicles while travelling on a sharp turn or while approaching towards an intersection or buildings like schools and hospitals, traffic calming devices are provided on the roads. Speed breakers are one of the most commonly used traffic calming devices in developing countries like India. Geometry of the speed breakers are based on IRC 99 which says that the width of speed breakers should be 3.7 m and the height should be 0.1 m for urban roads. The codal provisions also suggest that the vehicles should be able to cross the speed breaker at an advisory speed of 20 kmph. However, it is observed that most of the speed breakers have faulty geometrical dimensions owing to various problems to the road users. The width of the speed breakers are usually observed to be narrowed down which increases the chance of road crashes due to sudden braking of vehicles encountering it. Further, it also leads to sudden slowing down of the whole traffic stream leading to traffic congestion. It also reduces fuel efficiency of the vehicles leading to overall increase in vehicle operating and maintenance costs. The present study reviews in detail the provisions provided in the IRC code for construction of speed breakers. Thereafter, a practical on field study is conducted to examine the dimensions of various speed breakers across various cities in India, and compare their dimensions with the provisions provided in the IRC code. Further, the operating speed of the vehicles while crossing the speed breaker is also noted down and compared with the suggested speed as provided in the code. Finally, a detailed comparison between speed reduction at the speed breaker and their dimensions has been analyzed. Speed reduction of different category of vehicles has also been examined in detail.
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Ale, Laha, Ning Zhang, Scott A. King, and Jose Guardiola. "Spatio-temporal Bayesian Learning for Mobile Edge Computing Resource Planning in Smart Cities." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 21, no. 3 (June 9, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448613.
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A smart city improves operational efficiency and comfort of living by harnessing techniques such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect and process data for decision-making. To better support smart cities, data collected by IoT should be stored and processed appropriately. However, IoT devices are often task-specialized and resource-constrained, and thus, they heavily rely on online resources in terms of computing and storage to accomplish various tasks. Moreover, these cloud-based solutions often centralize the resources and are far away from the end IoTs and cannot respond to users in time due to network congestion when massive numbers of tasks offload through the core network. Therefore, by decentralizing resources spatially close to IoT devices, mobile edge computing (MEC) can reduce latency and improve service quality for a smart city, where service requests can be fulfilled in proximity. As the service demands exhibit spatial-temporal features, deploying MEC servers at optimal locations and allocating MEC resources play an essential role in efficiently meeting service requirements in a smart city. In this regard, it is essential to learn the distribution of resource demands in time and space. In this work, we first propose a spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical learning approach to learn and predict the distribution of MEC resource demand over space and time to facilitate MEC deployment and resource management. Second, the proposed model is trained and tested on real-world data, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve very high accuracy. Third, we demonstrate an application of the proposed method by simulating task offloading. Finally, the simulated results show that resources allocated based upon our models’ predictions are exploited more efficiently than the resources are equally divided into all servers in unobserved areas.
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Tannady, Hendy, and Andrew Verrayo Limas. "Perancangan Aplikasi Penjadwalan Traveling Salesman Problem dengan Algoritma Genetika." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i2.2332.
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Supply chain management plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing industry business process. In this research, the problem is taken from a sales division in a company in determining the optimal sequence when delivering goods into nine cities. This problem is oftenreferred as travelling salesman problem. This problem is considered important since the optimal sequence can cut off operational cost. Creating an artificial intelligence for the company in determining the location and the optimal sequence of delivering goods is the main objective of this research. A genetic algorithm is utilized to determine the location and the optimal sequence. While for processing the data and concluding the result, researcher designed a Java-based application that provides the capability of automatic computing. The result of this computation is a sequence of locations with a fitness number for each. The best fitness number for the sequence location will be used for the final result and the conclusion to answer the company’s problem.
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Novaes, Antonio G. N. "RAPID-TRANSIT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS WITH THE ASSURANCE-REGION DEA METHOD." Pesquisa Operacional 21, no. 2 (July 2001): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-74382001000200004.
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Rapid-transit services are a relevant part of the transportation network in most cities of the world. An important aspect of transport policy is the supply of public urban transportation. In particular, it is of interest to determine whether rapid-transit operators are working in a technically and scale-efficient way. Production analysis of transit services has been characterized by the econometric study of average practice technologies. A more recent method to study such production frontiers is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It is a non-parametric method, but its application to rapid-transit, where the relations among technological variables are more strict, requires a previous structural analysis of the intervening inputs and outputs. DEA is employed in this paper to investigate the efficiency and returns to scale of 21 rapid-transit properties of the world. DEA was also used for the benchmarking of non-efficient rapid-transit properties, with special emphasis to the São Paulo’s subway system
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Solanke, Muse Olayiwola, Bashiru Adisa Raji, and Taiwo Kareem Alli. "Vehicles leasing operations in Lagos state, Nigeria." Logistics & Sustainable Transport 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlst-2019-0006.
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Abstract Vehicle is an important element of transport; and its financing especially in road transport comes in 3 ways; outright purchase, hire purchase and lease. Of all these three methods of road transport financing, leasing has attracted little attention in Nigeria transport research. This study was carried out to examine the development, types and form, operating characteristics and problems of vehicle lease in Lagos State, Nigeria. Aggregate number of vehicle leasing companies in Nigeria from inception to 2018 was obtained from corporate affairs commission (CAC). Four prominent vehicle leasing companies: Cashlink Leasing Plc (CLP), NIKKY Taurus Ltd (NTL), C & I Leasing (CIL) and SAMTL Leasing Ltd (SLL) were purposively selected for the operating characteristics and challenges of the leasing companies. 298 structured questionnaires were administered to the staffs of the selected companies seeking the types and forms of lease and challenges encountered in the course of operation using stratified and simple random samplings techniques. Vehicle leasing started in Nigeria from 1986 with the likes of pine hill leasing, Cashlink leasing, VT leasing in Lagos. Within 1986 and 2018, it has spread to 23 different urban cities and the number has increased to 297 companies in 2018. Operating and finance leases exist in the industry with majority of 91.6% of the companies practice operating lease. The staff strength and fleet size level of the leasing companies varies overtime but positively significant to their operations. However, poor pricing of lease service, inadequate finance of vehicle, default in payment of rental charges and high cost of maintenance minimize leasing service efficiency and effectiveness. It is recommended that government should provide subvention for vehicles acquisition, face-off of racketing vehicles from cites and legislate policy to regulate operational activities (entry and exit) of the companies.
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Agyapong, Daniel. "Analyzing financial risks in small and medium enterprises: evidence from the food processing firms in selected cities in Ghana." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, no. 1 (October 23, 2020): 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-05-2020-0269.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper was to analyze the financial risk perception of owners/managers and to link such perception to the performance of their ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed PLS-SEM to analyze financial risks and its impact on SMEs in the food processing sector. Financial risks data on the operational, market, technological, credit and liquidity risks and financial performance including compliance, social and resource efficiency performance were collected from 214 food processors in selected cities in Ghana. Higher-order constructs were employed in assessing the relationship between financial risks and SME performance.FindingsFinancial risk spurs a firm's financial performance. Increased financial risks cause firms to be resource-efficient and compliant. Furthermore, an assessment of how the various performance indicators interplay showed increased compliant improved social performance and vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper looked at food processing firms in three major cities, analyzing the financial risks of the businesses and their effect on their performance. Although, these cities have the largest number of these firms, generalizing the findings from the study should be done taking into consideration the scope of the study.Practical implicationsThe study exposes owners/managers to the critical issues of financial risk, its components and how this could impact on their operations. It expected that owner/managers in the food processing sector would craft the necessary risk mitigating strategies to deal with the different financial risks they face. For theoretical implication, the paper suggests the need to highlight the risk exposure of firms due to the business–stakeholder interactions as contained in the stakeholder theory.Originality/valueThe paper employed the higher-order construct of PLS-SEM to analyze the financial risks of food processors. The originality of the paper lies with the methods used.
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Syafrial, Syafrial, and Fauzi Fauzi. "Penerapan system pakar pada aplikasi bengkel online berbasis android untuk meningkatkan pelayanan bengkel." Teknois : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi dan Sains 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36350/jbs.v9i2.61.
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Motorized vehicles are the transportation media needed today because moving motorized vehicles make time and energy efficiency. Motorbikes are an ideal transportation medium for traversing increasingly crowded cities. Along with the increasing number of vehicles caused by the community's need for transportation, this means that it is directly proportional to the community's need for vehicle maintenance services such as garage services. At present, the workshop is required to have a different mindset and operational concepts. Excellent service quality for the survival of the company. Good service quality, will satisfy and then make customers become loyal to continue to use these services. Therefore, to get better services, interactive media are needed to increase the level of customer satisfaction. The composer uses the certainty factor system method in the android-based online workshop application so that it can help damage anything discussed on the vehicle and provides solutions obtained from the android-based online workshop application service with the optimal level of customer satisfaction so that it will be able to create loyalty for customers of transportation vehicle users.
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Chaisanguan, Chayanee, Suthum Patumsawad, and Phavanee Narataruksa. "Simulation of MSW Pyrolysis/Gasification Processes for Power Production." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1270.
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With the rapid expansion of industry, urbanization and increasing population in Thailand, many cities face the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. The great majority of a plant for MSW, which are in operation around the world, are based on mass burn incineration systems. There are, however, a number of novel, thermal processing technologies for MSW, based on pyrolysis and/or gasification of the waste, which may provide significant technical and environmental advantages over conventional incineration. The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of operational parameters to electricity produced efficiency. The processes consist of drying unit, thermal waste treatment unit which is comprised of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion units, heat recovery steam generation unit, power generation unit and gas cleaning unit. The article are applied to the performance analysis of a MSW power plant in case of after passing through drying unit pyrolysis unit was operated at constant MSW feed rate of 28 tonnes/hr with varied moisture content. At lower moisture content which led higher energy content and more excess air required, the efficiencies of system were increased.
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Zabihi, Niloufar, and Mohamed Saafi. "Recent Developments in the Energy Harvesting Systems from Road Infrastructures." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176738.
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The rapid increase in energy demand has resulted in more dependence on fossil fuels, which leads to higher CO2 emissions every year. To overcome this problem, shifting from fossil fuel-based energy resources to renewable and sustainable ones is essential. One of the new research areas developed in this context is the harvesting of energy from urban infrastructures and, in particular, roads. A large amount of energy in the form of heat or kinetic energy is wasted annually on roads. Recovering these local forms of energy as electricity would improve the energy efficiency of cities. In this review paper, recent developments in the field of energy recovery from roads using solar panels, piezoelectric, thermoelectric and electromagnetic harvesters are discussed along with their efficiency, cost and field implementation. Moreover, new advancements in developing compatible energy storage systems are also discussed and summarised. Based on the review, although all of these systems have the potential of recovering at least a part of the wasted energy, only one of them (the electromagnetic converters) is capable of generating a considerable energy level. In addition, based on the evaluation of the maturity of the technologies, and their cost analyses, more studies are required in order to fill the gap between the current state of the technologies and their full operational form.
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Zhang, Xiaonan, Zhonghua Wei, Wenjuan Wang, Sheng Liu, and Shi Qiu. "Paced Inspection Process Design of Security Check System in Beijing Subway." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2604, no. 1 (January 2017): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2604-12.
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With the increased occurrence of terrorist attacks at public venues, security check systems (SCSs) for subways have attracted more attention worldwide. In China, a two-stage SCS was successfully adopted for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing and has been promoted in other cities. Because SCSs would generate additional operational costs and delays for passengers, improving their efficiency is a concern for subway managers. In this research, an attempt was made to optimize the current two-stage SCS in Beijing. The speed and accuracy operating characteristic curves, which described the relationship between inspection rate and rejection rate of the preliminary inspection, were investigated. Two types (Type A and Type B) of paced inspection processes were designed to improve the overall performance of subway SCSs. With field data collected from eight subway stations in Beijing, the proposed paced inspection SCS was verified to improve the overall performance of the current two-stage SCS. In the Type A paced scenario, there was an increase of 23.8% in capacity and 15.7% in accuracy improvement. Although no capacity increase was achieved by the Type B paced scenario, the accuracy improved by 3.8%. The paced inspection design proposed in this study would incur no additional costs while improving the efficiency for SCS and would provide a universal application form to use when conducting inspections for subway operation and management.
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Wang, Yang, Jing Liu, Jian Zuo, and Raufdeen Rameezdeen. "Ways to improve the project management efficiency in a centralized public procurement system." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2018-0560.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate driving factors that improve the project management efficiency (PME) in centralized public procurement systems. Design/methodology/approach Employees in four public-sector organizations in China were surveyed. The structural equation modeling was employed to examine the relationship amongst those variables. Findings Organizational culture (OC) is an effective method to improve PME, and employee quality is the most critical factor of OC in this system. Job satisfaction (JS) is another significant contributor to PME and satisfaction with fairness of salary in this system being the key factor of JS. Job analysis (JA) has indirect influence on PME through JS and OC, whereas the job structure in this system is the most critical factor for JA. Practical implications An operational way to improve PME is to implement it from the perspectives of employee, organization and technique. At the organizational level, it is imperative to strengthen the OC by a well-structured recruitment system and to improve PME via well-design training. At the person level, both financial (i.e. income and welfare) and career incentives (i.e. promotion opportunities and a sense of belonging) are proposed to achieve employees’ JS to improve PME. At the technique level, JA approach (i.e. job rotation) is recommended to enlarge the positive influence of OC and JS on PME. These can not only ensure the management professionalism in a centralized public procurement system but can also motivate employees and maximize PME. Originality/value PME in a centralized public procurement system will be improved by addressing these key factors and their interrelationships. This provides detailed pathways for the centralized public procurement system to achieve better PME via optimal OC and JS and reasonable JA in China. In addition, the institutional and administrative traditions may vary significantly across cities, regions and countries. Therefore, such contextual differences should be taken into consideration for the improvement of PME in a centralized public procurement system.
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Li, Hui-min, Xiao-gang Li, Xiao-ying Yang, and Hao Zhang. "Analyzing the Relationship between Developed Land Area and Nighttime Light Emissions of 36 Chinese Cities." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010010.
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The satellite-observed nighttime light emission (NTLE) data provide a new method for scrutinizing the footprint of human settlements. Changing NTLEs can be attributed to the direct/indirect influences of highly complex factors that are beyond the ability of simple statistical models to distinguish. Besides, the relatively coarse resolution of the NTLE products combined with light from human settlements may produce misleading results, as the relationship between spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the growth of developed land (e.g., urban and rural residences, shopping centers, industrial parks, mining plants, and transportation facilities) and the associated NTLEs has not been adequately analyzed. In this study, we developed a total nighttime brightness index (TotalNTBI) to measure the NTLEs with the defense meteorological satellite program/operational linescan system (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data enhanced by sharpening the edges of the pixels. Thirty-six key cities in China were selected to investigate the relationship between the total developed land area and the associated TotalNTBI from 2000 to 2013 using panel regression and a simplified structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the overall trend in TotalNTBI agreed well with that of the total developed land area (mean adjusted R2 = 0.799). The panel regression models explained approximately 71.8% of the variance of total developed land area and 92.4% of the variance in TotalNTBI. The SEM revealed both the direct and indirect influences of independent variables on the total developed land area and the associated TotalNTBI. This study may provide useful information for decision-makers and researchers engaged in sustainable land development, urban management, and regional developmental inequality, focusing on recent issues, such as retrospective analysis of human footprint with sharpened nighttime NTLE products, the loss of natural and semi-natural land due to the sprawling developed land area indicated by intensively lit area, and the low efficiency of land development indicated by the anomalies of developed land area and associated NTBIs.
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Zhang, Huangchuang, Chengqi Cheng, and Shuangxi Miao. "A Precise Urban Component Management Method Based on the GeoSOT Grid Code and BIM." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030159.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the rapid development of cities and the rapid increase in urban populations have led to a sharp increase in urban components, making precise urban component management, query efficiency, and operational visualization urgent problems to be solved. In this paper, an in-depth study is carried out, pointing out that the current two-dimensional map or component management method based on a real-life three-dimensional city has defects, including query difficulty, fuzzy management, and inefficiency, and it is impossible to accurately and efficiently manage urban components. Then, this paper uses a combination of GIS technology and BIM technology as the starting point. On one hand, this combined technology is based on the high efficiency of the underlying data organization of the GeoSOT grid code and the accuracy of real geographic location expression; on the other hand, based on the integrity of the building information representation and the accuracy of the relative position of internal components of BIM, a precise urban component management method based on GeoSOT grid code and BIM is proposed. Finally, based on this method, a real-time 3D Earth visualization platform is established by using the Cesium platform. Taking the fire hydrant component management of the commercial Guanlan Street in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China as an example, the precise management of the components in this area is realized, which proves that the method can achieve precise urban component management.
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Li, Shu-Bin, Bai-Bai Fu, and Wen-Xiu Dang. "Dynamic Analyses of Urban Expressway Network with Mesoscopic Traffic Flow Model Integrated Variable Speed Limits." Journal of Nonlinear Dynamics 2014 (March 18, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/867236.
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Urban congestion is a major and costly problem in many cities both in China and other countries. The purpose of building urban expressway is to alleviate the growing traffic pressure. In this paper, the mesoscopic traffic flow models are improved by variable speed limits strategy for the dynamic of vehicles on urban expressway network. The models include static queuing model, the velocity model, and the movement model of the vehicle. Moreover the method of the simulation is also proposed. So that we can get the corresponding variable speed limits values and aid traffic managers in making decisions to develop a network traffic flow control strategy. In the end, the elevated expressway of Jinan city is used as a simulation example. We investigated the performance of the transport system with averaged density, speed, and flow on link. We also analysed the dynamic of the traffic system on expressway network at different demand levels. The simulation results show that the models are feasible and effective and the variable speed limits strategy can successfully alleviate the traffic congestion in some extent. The operational efficiency of the transportation system is greatly improved.
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Chen, Ting-Zhao, Yan-Yan Chen, and Jian-Hui Lai. "Estimating Bus Cross-Sectional Flow Based on Machine Learning Algorithm Combined with Wi-Fi Probe Technology." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030844.
Full textAbstract:
With expansion of city scale, the issue of public transport systems will become prominent. For single-swipe buses, the traditional method of obtaining section passenger flow is to rely on surveillance video identification or manual investigation. This paper adopts a new method: collecting wireless signals from mobile terminals inside and outside the bus by installing six Wi-Fi probes in the bus, and use machine learning algorithms to estimate passenger flow of the bus. Five features of signals were selected, and then the three machine learning algorithms of Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machines were used to learn the data laws of signal features. Because the signal strength was affected by the complexity of the environment, a strain function was proposed, which varied with the degree of congestion in the bus. Finally, the error between the average of estimation result and the manual survey was 0.1338. Therefore, the method proposed is suitable for the passenger flow identification of single-swiping buses in small and medium-sized cities, which improves the operational efficiency of buses and reduces the waiting pressure of passengers during the morning and evening rush hours in the future.
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An, Qing, Ruoli Tang, Hongfeng Su, Jun Zhang, and Xin Li. "Robust configuration and intelligent MPPT control for building integrated photovoltaic system based on extreme learning machine." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 12283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210424.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the promising performance on energy-saving, the building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) has found an increasingly wide utilization in modern cities. For a large-scale PV array installed on the facades of a super high-rise building, the environmental conditions (e.g., the irradiance, temperature, sunlight angle etc.) are always complex and dynamic. As a result, the PV configuration and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methodology are of great importance for both the operational safety and efficiency. In this study, some famous PV configurations are comprehensively tested under complex shading conditions in BIPV application, and a robust configuration for large-scale BIPV system based on the total-cross-tied (TCT) circuit connection is developed. Then, by analyzing and extracting the feature variables of environment parameters, a novel fast MPPT methodology based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. Finally, the proposed configuration and its MPPT methodology are verified by simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed configuration performs efficient on most of the complex shading conditions, and the ELM-based intelligent MPPT methodology can also obtain promising performance on response speed and tracking accuracy.
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Arias, Alba, Iñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, and Cristina Marieta. "Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 8588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158588.
Full textAbstract:
Current European environmental sustainability standards call for achieving a reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions for a horizon set in the year 2050. It has been verified that buildings and cities have a higher incidence in this regard. It is necessary to have tools for initial assessment that can quickly analyse whether the improvement scenarios put forward by different organisations and governments will be able to meet the goals set at European level. Universities are an important factor for the intended change and therefore offer an excellent environment for testing such tools. A case study focusing on a university in northern Spain is presented, through an evaluation tool using 3D models including life-cycle assessment. Different reform scenarios are evaluated for two key years, 2030 and 2050. The novelty lies in considering, not only the impact of the operational phase but also the impact of the different stages of the life cycle and processes, obtaining an impact value closer to reality. The results indicate that, even with major retrofitting and adaptation efforts, the European targets are difficult to achieve by 2050. Moreover, solutions such as biomass help to achieve greenhouse gas reductions but not to improve energy efficiency.
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Cruz, Carlos Oliveira, and Joaquim Miranda Sarmento. "Reforming traditional PPP models to cope with the challenges of smart cities." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 18, no. 1-2 (March 2017): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591717734794.
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Growing urbanization trends, together with a greater environmental awareness, are transforming cities into game changers in the sustainability game. Cities are under pressure in both developed as well as developing economies. In developed countries, the challenge is to be able to tackle a lack of infrastructure, such as clean water and sanitation and mass transit transport systems. In developed countries, the challenges are distinct, but not less. There are growing needs for a renewal of infrastructures, such as water, transportation and energy systems, which deteriorate over time, and the related increasing challenges regarding the sustainability of the systems. Drivers of change include lower costs, greater levels of efficiency, better response to natural disasters (resilience), an ability to provide a good service, among others. Cities, regulators and operators are focused on improving innovation and develop truly smart cities and smart infrastructure. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been at the forefront of infrastructure development and management, however, questions exist regarding existing models which are usable for smart infrastructure. Our thesis is that existing models of PPP need to be significantly restructured, to be able to provide an adequate response to the smart infrastructure challenges and to be a driving force to make cities smarter. Greater flexibility is necessary, as is a profound change of the existing regulatory and procurement models, in order to ensure that the private sector will continue to have a pivotal role with regards to infrastructure, financing and management.