Academic literature on the topic 'Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)"

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Sanchotene Silva, Rafael, Luís Henrique Rodovalho, Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques, and Cesar Ramos Rodrigues. "A 59 pA/V and 62 nW Differential OTA with 0.35% THD for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.490.

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This paper presents a novel differential pA/V Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) topology. The circuit is suitable for the implementation of fully integrated operational transconductance amplifier-capacitance (OTA-C) filters with small feature size capacitors, suited for electrophysiological signal acquisition and conditioning. Unlike typical OTA-Cs, the proposed topology consists of transconductance reduction technique based on unbalanced output branches thatallow current subtraction thus enabling transconductances in the order of pA/V. The technique is demonstrated through the design of a 59pA/V transconductor, which is very suited for designing long-time-constant filters. This OTA-C achieved a worst-case 0.35% THD with just 61.7nW average power consumption, which allows its applicability to biomedical implants. Simulations were carried out with STMicroelectronics 0.13µm HCMOS9 node using Cadence’s IC design tools. Weemployed the OTA in a design of a fourth-order bandpass filter with a narrow bandwidth of 12.5–21.8Hz. Similar results to the ideal transfer function, turn the proposed OTA ideal for biosensing-based applications.
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Dubey, Tanmay, Vijaya Bhadauria, and Rishikesh Pandey. "Linearity Enhancement Techniques for Operational Transconductance Amplifier: A Survey." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 650–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666191019130214.

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Background: Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) plays an essential role in many analog and mixed-signal applications that encourages the researchers to contribute their work to design suitable structures of OTA for their applications with acceptable performance parameters. Methods: The linearity of an OTA is one of its key performance parameters, which affects the performance of the overall system whereas the transconductance value of OTA (Gm) contributes to decide its application area. Low transconductance OTA finds its application in biomedical and neural networks while OTA with higher transconductance is suitable for wireless communication. In any system, it is desirable to obtain a linear voltage-to-current conversion, i.e., OTA, hence various linearization techniques have been reported to linearize the OTA. Results: In the last two decades, various OTA structures have been reported with linear voltage-tocurrent conversion. Some researchers used attenuation by means of different circuit approaches to linearize the OTA or some used cancellation of nonlinearity terms by using different circuit implementation techniques. Researchers used some other methods also to linearize the OTA viz source degeneration, square root technique and mobility compensation. Conclusion: The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief survey of various popular linearization techniques reported in the past.
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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Muhammad Haroon Khan. "Grounded Capacitor Oscillators Using A Single Operational Transconductance Amplifier." Active and Passive Electronic Components 19, no. 2 (1996): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/17943.

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New oscillator circuits using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are presented. Each circuit uses a single OTA and grounded capacitors. The feasibility of obtaining oscillators with independent control of frequency and oscillation is considered. Also, the feasibility of exploiting, to advantage, the frequency dependence of the OTA-transconductance is considered. This may result in OTA-based RC oscillators using only one externally-connected capacitor.
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Li, Xiang, Bo Hou, Chunge Ju, Qi Wei, Bin Zhou, and Rong Zhang. "A Complementary Recycling Operational Transconductance Amplifier with Data-Driven Enhancement of Transconductance." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121457.

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An improved operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented in this work. The fully differential OTA adopts the current recycling technique and complementary NMOS and PMOS input branches to enhance the total transconductance. Moreover, in order to achieve higher current efficiency, a data-driven biasing circuit was developed to dynamically adjust the power consumption of the amplifier. Two comparators were added to detect the voltage difference at the input nodes, and when the differential input is large enough to activate either comparator, extra biasing current is activated and poured into the amplifier to enhance its slew rate and gain-bandwidth product (GBW). The threshold voltage of the complementary recycling folded cascode (CRFC)-based comparator is configured to suppress overshoot. Complementary common-mode feedback (CMFB) topology with local CMFB structure is built to acquire high common-mode gain. The OTA was fabricated in SMIC 0.18- μ m CMOS technology. The experimental result based on a capacitive feedback loop shows that the data-driven operation improves the average slew rate of the amplifier from 10.2 V/ μ s to 55.5 V/ μ s while the power only increases by 150%. The OTA has good potential to satisfy the fast settling demands for capacitive sensing circuits.
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GHORI, A., and P. GHOSH. "ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER FOR APPLICATION IN GHz FREQUENCY RANGE." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 14, no. 03 (September 2004): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156404002685.

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Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is an excellent current mode device suited very well for VLSI implementation. In this contribution we report realization of OTA using Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) structure based MOSFETs and compared them to OTA designed with bulk MOSFET. SOI based OTA outperformed bulk MOSFET OTA giving close to 10 GHz improvement in high frequency f T . A band-pass filter was implemented with SOI based OTA with a center frequency of 7 GHz and a bandwidth of 480 kHz.
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Bouzerara, Lyes, and Mohand Belaroussi. "Low-voltage 0.35-/mi cmos wideband operational transconductance amplifier." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 3 (2002): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0203361b.

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A low voltage CMOS wideband operational Tran conductance amplifier (OTA) using regulated cascade structure with an active positive feedback frequency-dependent current mirrors and feed forward techniques, is presented and analyzed. Such techniques stand as a powerful method of gain bandwidth, output impedance and phase margin enhancements. In this paper, an efficient implementation of a high output impedance current mirror is used in the design of an OTA by means of the regulated cascade circuits. This amplifier operates at ?1.25 V power supply voltage, exhibits a voltage gain of 68 dB, and provides a gain bandwidth product of 166 MHz. It drives a capacitive load of 1.6 pF and gives a power dissipation of 8.5 mW. The predicted performance is verified by simulations using HSPICE tool with 0.35 /itm CMOS TSMC parameters.
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Akbari, Meysam, and Omid Hashemipour. "Multi-Path Class AB Operational Amplifier with High Performance for SC Circuits." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 11 (August 14, 2016): 1650144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501449.

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In this paper, a single-stage multi-path operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with fast-settling response for high performance applications is designed. The produced amplifier uses current-shunt technique, double recycling structure, cross-coupled positive feedback configuration and all idle devices in the signal path to enhance transconductance of the conventional folded cascode (FC) amplifier. These transconductance boosting techniques lead to higher DC gain, gain bandwidth (GBW), slew rate and lower settling time compared to the previous FC structures while phase margin is degraded. Simulation results are presented using 90 nm CMOS technology which show 1,800% increment in GBW and a 33.2 dB DC gain improvement in the approximately same power consumption compared to the conventional FC amplifier.
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Su, C., B. J. Blalock, S. K. Islam, L. Zuo, and L. M. Tolbert. "A High-Temperature Folded-Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier in 0.8-μm BCD-on-SOI." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (January 1, 2010): 000083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-csu-ta26.

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The rapid growth of the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has been driving the demand of high temperature automotive electronics target for the engine compartment, power train, and brakes where the ambient temperature normally exceeds 150°C. An operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an essential building block of various analog circuits such as data converters, instrumentation systems, linear regulators, etc. This work presents a high temperature folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier designed and fabricated in a commercially available 0.8-μm BCD-on-SOI process. SOI processes offer several orders of magnitude smaller junction leakage current than bulk-CMOS processes at temperatures beyond 150°C. This amplifier is designed for a high temperature linear voltage regulator; the higher open-loop gain of this amplifier will enhance the overall performance of a linear regulator. In addition, the lower current consumption of the OTA is critical for improving the current efficiency of the linear regulator and reducing the power dissipation at elevated temperature. A PMOS input pair folded cascode OTA topology had been selected in this work, PMOS input pair offers wider ICMR (input common-mode range) and empirically lower flicker noise compared to its NMOS counterpart. By cascoding current mirror load at the output node, the folded cascode OTA obtains higher voltage gain than the symmetrical OTA topology. The PSRR (power supply rejection ratio) is also improved. A on-chip temperature stable current reference is employed to bias the amplifier. The amplifier consumes less than 65μA bias current at 175°C. The core layout area of the amplifier is 0.16mm2 (400 μm × 400 μm).
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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Sa'ad Muhammad Al-Shahrani. "Synthesis of a Novel Low-Component Programmable Sinusoidal Oscillator." Active and Passive Electronic Components 26, no. 1 (2003): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.26.31.

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A novel circuit is presented for realizing a sinusoidal oscillator. The proposed circuit, developed through a true synthesis approach, uses one current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA), one operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), three grounded capacitors and one floating resistor. The proposed circuit enjoys several attractive features. Practical results, in excellent agreement with the presented theory, are included.
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Huang, Xiao Zong, Lun Cai Liu, Jian Gang Shi, Wen Gang Huang, Fan Liu, Jun Luo, and Zhou Liang. "Low Power Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with Enhanced DC Gain and Slew-Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1645.

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This paper presents a low-voltage differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with enhanced DC gain and slew-rate. Based on the current mirror OTA topology, the optimization techniques are discussed in this work. The proposed structure achieves enhanced DC gain, unit gain frequency (UGF) and slew-rate (SR) with adding four devices. The design of the OTA is described with theory analysis. The OTA operates at the power supply of 1.8V. Simulation results for 0.18μm standard CMOS technology show that the DC gain increases from 60.6dB to 65dB, the UGF is optimized from 2.5MHz to 4.3MHz, the SR is enhanced from 0.88 V/μs to 4.8 V/μs with close power consumption dramatically.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)"

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Vora, Ashish. "A 90 dB, 85 MHz operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) using gain boosting technique /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1319.

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Ramachandran, Arun. "Nonlinearity and noise modeling of operational transconductance amplifiers for continuous time analog filters." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3925.

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A general framework for performance optimization of continuous-time OTA-C (Operational Transconductance Amplifier-Capacitor) filters is proposed. Efficient procedures for evaluating nonlinear distortion and noise valid for any filter of arbitrary order are developed based on the matrix description of a general OTA-C filter model . Since these procedures use OTA macromodels, they can be used to obtain the results significantly faster than transistor-level simulation. In the case of transient analysis, the speed-up may be as much as three orders of magnitude without almost no loss of accuracy. This makes it possible to carry out direct numerical optimization of OTA-C filters with respect to important characteristics such as noise performance, THD, IM3, DR or SNR. On the other hand, the general OTA-C filter model allows us to apply matrix transforms that manipulate (rescale) filter element values and/or change topology without changing its transfer function. The above features are a basis to build automated optimization procedures for OTA-C filters. In particular, a systematic optimization procedure using equivalence transformations is proposed. The research also proposes suitable software implementations of the optimization process. The first part of the research proposes a general performance optimization procedure and to verify the process two application type examples are mentioned. An application example of the proposed approach to optimal block sequencing and gain distribution of 8th order cascade Butterworth filter (for two variants of OTA topologies) is given. Secondly the modeling tool is used to select the best suitable topology for a 5th order Bessel Low Pass Filter. Theoretical results are verified by comparing to transistor-level simulation withCADENCE. For the purpose of verification, the filters have also been fabricated in standard 0.5mm CMOS process. The second part of the research proposes a new linearization technique to improve the linearity of an OTA using an Active Error Feedforward technique. Most present day applications require very high linear circuits combined with low noise and low power consumption. An OTA based biquad filter has also been fabricated in 0.35mm CMOS process. The measurement results for the filter and the stand alone OTA have been discussed. The research focuses on these issues.
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Sun, Shao-Chi. "Design and evaluation of a g m-RC bandpass filter using a 42 GHz linear OTA incorporating heterojunction bipolar transistors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1179864547.

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Michalička, Filip. "Syntéza elektronicky rekonfigurovatelných kmitočtových filtrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413078.

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This diploma thesis deals with design of reconection-less electronically reconfigurable filter structures which have single input and single output using unconventional active elements, which have ability to adjust one of their parameter e.g. gain or transconductance. The first part describes basic parameters of frequency filters, the division of filters by frequency transfer response and used circuit elements, their operational modes, the principle of reconnection-less electronically reconfiguration and the circuit design method MUNV. Second part describes all active elements used in the proposal of filters, their properties and the implementation using existing transistor-level models. The third part contains the design of three reconnection-less electronically reconfigurable filters and the simulations results obtained from simulation programs OrCAD Capture and PSpice. The obtained results were compared with theoretical behaviour. This part also contains results of these analyses: sensitivity, parasitic, Monte Carlo and temperature to determine the behaviour in varied cases.
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Anderson, Matthew Wilamowski Bogdan M. "Wide range tunable transconductance filters." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering/Thesis/Anderson_William_22.pdf.

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Czajkowski, Ondřej. "Operační transkonduktanční zesilovač (OTA) pro využití v programovatelných analogových polích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219036.

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Operational amplifier will be designed and optimized with respect to set of required parameters. Real CMOS technology (available at Department of Microelectronics) will be used for designed OTA circuit and its simulations. Designed OTA will be used as universal operation amplifier configurable block in FPAA (field-programmable analog array) structures.
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Nousek, Petr. "Porovnávací studie nízkonapěťových operačních zesilovačů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218696.

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This work deals with methods used in design of low voltage operational amplifiers. It describes some of the most commonly used methods. Properties of these methods are verified by computer simulation of operational transconductance amplifiers that are utilizing them.
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Mora, Sánchez Alexander [Verfasser]. "Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Modulators with a Single Operational Transconductance Amplifier for Low-Power SoC Design in Biomedical Applications / Alexander Mora Sánchez." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1164340336/34.

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Johansson, Anders. "Evaluation of different CMOS processes using a circuit optimization tool." Thesis, Linköping University, Electronics System, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52338.

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The geometry of CMOS processes has decreased in a steady pace over the years at the same time as the complexity has increased. Even if there are more requirements on the designer today, the main goal is still the same: to minimize the occupied area and power dissipation. This thesis investigates if a prediction of the costs in future CMOS processes can be made. By implementing several processes on a test circuit we can see a pattern in area and power dissipation when we change to smaller processes.

This is done by optimizing a two-stage operational transconductance amplifier on basis of a given specification. A circuit optimization tool evaluates the performance measures and costs. The optimization results from the area and power dissipation is used to present a diagram that shows the decreasing costs with smaller processes and also a prediction of how small the costs will be for future processes. This thesis also presents different optimization tools and a design hexagon that can be used when we struggle with optimization trade-offs.

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Kosztyu, Tomáš. "Moderní aktivní prvky a jejich chování v lineárních blocích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218124.

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The topic of this master’s thesis was a frequency filters and their realization using modern active elements like UVC, UCC, VFA, CFA and OTA. The base point of this thesis was designed frequency filters with these active elements, when the shape of the transfer function will be identical for all structures and compare the characteristics of active elements. The proposed frequency filters are second order with one or two active elements. In the first part of thesis are discussed basic properties of frequency filters, their properties and distribution. Next are described the general characteristics of active filters and their basic elements such as operational amplifier OTA, VFA and CFA, and recently more frequently used voltage and current conveyor. The second part is the frequency filters designed with these elements is the same transfer function. Subsequently, simulations are done all the filters and obtained the frequency response. Finally, these filters are experimentally made and made practical measurements.
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Book chapters on the topic "Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)"

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Su, Kendall. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) Filters." In Analog Filters, 345–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47953-2_14.

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Guptha, Maram Anantha, V. M. Senthil Kumar, T. Hari Prasad, and Ravindrakumar Selvaraj. "Low Power, Less Leakage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) Circuit Using FinFET." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 191–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5400-1_19.

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Atarodi, M., and J. Choma. "A 7.2 GHz Bipolar Operational Transconductance Amplifier for Fully Integrated OTA-C Filters." In Analog Signal Processing, 67–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4503-0_6.

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Uhrmann, Heimo, Robert Kolm, and Horst Zimmermann. "Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs)." In Analog Filters in Nanometer CMOS, 27–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38013-6_4.

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Chatterjee, Shouri, Kong Pang Pun, Nebojša Stanić, Yannis Tsividis, and Peter Kinget. "Fully Differential Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs)." In Analog Circuit Design Techniques at 0.5 V, 17–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69954-7_2.

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Mohan, P. V. Ananda. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier-C Filters." In Current-Mode VLSI Analog Filters, 15–66. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0033-8_2.

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Khade, Amitkumar S., and Vibha Vyas. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier Structured Highly Linear Analog Multiplier." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 245–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7091-5_23.

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Avireni, Srinivasulu, G. Sowjanya, S. H. Gautham, Pitchaiah Telagathoti, and V. S. V. Krishna V. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier-based Sinusoidal Oscillator with Grounded Capacitors." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 343–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2999-8_28.

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Bhoyar, Dinesh B., and Bharati Y. Masram. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based Two-Stage Differential Charge Amplifiers." In Information and Communication Technologies, 267–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15766-0_38.

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Loan, Sajad A., M. Nizamuddin, Humyra Shabir, Faisal Bashir, Asim M. Murshid, Abdul Rahman Alamoud, and Shuja A. Abbasi. "Carbon Nanotube Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier: A Simulation Study." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 231–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9588-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)"

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Kapur, G., C. M. Markan, S. Mittal, and V. P. Pyara. "Analog field programmable CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)." In 2013 1st International Conference on Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science (ICETACS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetacs.2013.6691417.

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Kumar, Parvesh, Tarun Chaudhary, and Vijay Kumar Ram. "Design of Constant Transconductance Operational Amplifier By CMOS With High Gain And Low Operational Power." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.64.

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In the following paper, there is a presentation of a small potential, small capacity CMOS which programs numerically working trans conductance circuit of an amplifier (OTA). A constant transconductance up to (7% of max variation) secures the whole usual-mode of the input range. The circuit process and it can also be operated on a voltage supply of 3.3V with a common-mode range of input from 0.3 to 1.6V. A constant-current is maintained by the designed OTA and also provide a continuous transmission capacity for varying burden capacitors with no increase in consumption of capacity. Simulation of the circuit works upon T-SPICE .5 µm level 49 sub-micron technology.
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Sharath Gowda, T. D. G., and Dattaguru V. Kamat. "Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) based Schmitt Trigger without passive elements." In 2020 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspcon49795.2020.9276671.

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Dwivedi, Kriti, Aparna Gupta, Ritika Oberoi, and Ribu Mathew. "Design of Low Power Neuro-amplifier Circuit with Miller Compensation Technique for Biomedical Neuro-implantable Devices." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.14.

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Neuro-amplifiers form an integral part of biomedical implantable devices. In this paper, we design a neuro-amplifier circuit with Miller compensation capacitor. The neuro-amplifier design is based on operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with an active load. In this work, performance of the neuro-amplifier is enhanced by incorporating the Miller compensation technique. Design and simulation of the neuro-amplifier circuit is performed using SPICE simulation software. Body biasing and feedback techniques are imparted to optimize the circuit performance. Simulation results show that the neuro-amplifier circuit has a mid-frequency gain and 3-dB bandwidth of 48dB, and 16kHzrespectively.
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Kranti, Abhinav, and G. Alastair Armstrong. "Improving Operational transconductance Amplifier (OTA) gain-bandwidth tradeoff using gate-underlap MOSFETs." In 2009 IEEE International SOC Conference (SOCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soccon.2009.5398084.

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Manzoor, Wajid, Faisal Bashir, and Farooq A. Khanday. "Programmable Threshold Comparator Using High Frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) Based Memristor." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesys.2018.8723919.

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Rezaei, Farzan, and Seyed Javad Azhari. "A Highly Linear Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with High Common Mode Rejection Ratio." In 2010 International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing (ICSAP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsap.2010.39.

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Diab, Maha S., and Soliman A. Mahmoud. "A Simple Macromodel Circuit for Operational Transconductance Amplifier with Low Frequency OTA-C Filter Application." In 2019 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecta48151.2019.8959781.

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Alam, M. S., A. Kranti, G. A. Armstrong, and Sio-Iong Ao. "Investigation of Non-classical Under lap Design on Linearity of a Folded Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)." In IAENG TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 6 - SPECIAL EDITION OF THE WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3627195.

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Rezaei, Farzan, and Seyed Javad Azhari. "Ultra low-voltage, rail-to-rail input/output stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with high linearity and its application in a Gm-C filter." In 2010 11th International Symposium on Quality of Electronic Design (ISQED). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2010.5450424.

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