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1
Vassiliades, S. "Traffic monitoring in an operational service network." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373446.
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The widespread introduction of Local Area Network (LAN) media has had profound implications for communications protocols. It is required that the campus network at Hatfield, which since 1981 has been based on the cambridge Ring, should take advantage of the properties of their LAN, should meet the demand of both new and traditional applications and should allow network interconnections. To show how these requirements might be met a review is given of the communications support provided elsewhere by data transportation protocols. Expansion is also required, but it may not be achieved unless appropriate planning decisions are made. Measurements which provide knowledge of typical traffic characteristics and quantities and of constraints or erroneous behaviour which may affect the decisions made are required. This information will allow modellers and planners to make predictions and estimates so that future demands can be met. A monitor tool has therefore been developed. It allows the traffic of the network to be monitored and measurements to be retrieved, displayed and analysed. A decentralized approach which provides an integrated measurement facility has been adopted. The design, and the decisions and constraints which influenced that design, are desribed. From the measurements gathered a comprehensive traffic characterization is provided. It relates traffic characteristics of different grains to applications, to system characteristics and to constraints. The measurement analysis therefore establishes a firm base from which predictions and estimates may be made. It also provides a base for comparisons, one which allows the effects of hardware and software changes to be observed and which also provides valuable information to both planners and modellers of similar and different environments. Implementation errors and erroneous behaviour are demonstrated and their cause is established. A bottleneck is identified, performance thresholds are determined and protocol modifications are suggested. Specific traffic characteristics are identified for particular applications and user groups, effects of different buffer sizes are considered and relationships between protocol efficiency and traffic patterns are discussed
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Kaboli, Mohammad Hadi. "Operational research on an urban planning tool : application in the urban development of Strasbourg 1982." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057695.
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The impact of spatial characteristics on the dynamics of urban development is a topic of great interest in urban studies. The interaction between the residents and the spatial characteristics is of particular interest in the context of urban models where some of the most famous urban models have been based on the process of individual settlements in some specific parts of cities.This research investigates the dynamism of urban development modeled by Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent System. The urban development, in this study embraces urban renewal and residential mobility. It corresponds to the residential mobility of households, attracted by residential and centrality comfort; these comforts are crystallized in some areas and residences of Strasbourg. The diversity and quality of these comforts become criteria for residential choice in a way that the households seek for proximity to these comforts.The Cellular Automata in this study, models the spatial characteristics of urban spatial units and they are identified by some inherent attributes that are equal to the comfort in residences and urban areas. The Multi- Agent System represent a system in which the population of the city interact between them and between them and the city; the agents delegate the socio-professional classes of households. During the spatiotemporal change, the aspiration of households forms the socio-spatio-temporal development of the city.
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Wang, Dong M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Household operational energy consumption in urban China : a multilevel analysis on Jinan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77644.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-138).
With decades of economic growth and socio-economic transformation, China's residential sector has seen rapid expansion in energy consumption, and is now the second largest energy consuming sector in the country. Faced with challenges of energy resource depletion and natural environment deterioration, China has been intensifying its efforts on energy conservation and emissions reductions in the residential sector. In this thesis, I present an analysis of household operational energy consumption in urban China through empirical evidence from Jinan, the capital city of eastern China's Shandong Province. With data from a survey of approximately 4,000 households and spatial analysis of 23 urban neighborhoods, I summarize key household socio-economic and demographic characteristics, dwelling unit physical attributes, appliance ownership, and usage control, as well as neighborhood characteristics of density, mixed use, solar gain, and wind flow. Based on a multilevel regression model, I examine the household, neighborhood, and cross-level interaction effects on in-home operational energy consumption. The research reveals that operational usage accounts for a predominantly large portion of total residential energy consumption in Jinan, and operational energy consumption patterns vary greatly across households in different neighborhood typologies. The multilevel analysis shows that six household characteristics are identified as having a positive, statistically significant relationship with greater energy usage: higher household income, presence of three or more adults and/or a child, larger dwelling unit area, and ownership of one or more air conditioners. Among neighborhood characteristics, higher floor area ratio is found to associate with lower operational energy consumption. In cross-level interaction effects, higher building function mix may weaken the positive effect of household income on operational energy consumption, and higher neighborhood porosity is correlated with higher energy consumption for households living on top floors and/or with electric heating.
by Dong Wang.
M.C.P.
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Fragoudakis-Romeos, Alexandra. "Proposing a methodology for evaluating the operational performance of smaller national airlines : a case study of Olympic Airways." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304695.
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Zhang, Jiyang M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Operational energy consumption and GHG emissions in residential sector in urban China : an empirical study in Jinan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60818.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-135).
Driven by rapid urbanization and increasing household incomes, residential energy consumption in urban China has been growing steadily in the past decade, posing critical energy and greenhouse gas emission challenges. Operations represent the most energy consuming phase in the lifecycle of a residential neighborhood, accounting for 80%-90% of neighborhood lifecycle energy consumption. Although a number of research efforts have focused on operational energy consumption at the household or building scale, few attempts have been made to understand the variation in energy consumption patterns across the neighborhood scale in the China context. This thesis presents research on the operational energy consumption and GHG emissions in the residential sector in Jinan, a medium-size city in eastern China. Specifically, based upon four different neighborhood typologies identified in Jinan - Superblock, Enclave, Grid, and Traditional - I examine the relationship between neighborhood form and two components of operational energy consumption: in-home and common-area. The research follows two pathways. For in-home energy consumption, I use household data collected from nine Jinan neighborhoods representing the four different typologies and apply multivariate regression techniques to examine effects on fuel choice, appliance ownership, and energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. For common area energy use, I develop a deterministic estimation framework to calculate the consumption level and share by different end uses. The research shows that from the operational energy consumption perspective, China is gradually catching up with the industrialized countries, with per household energy consumption levels in the surveyed neighborhoods reaching approximately 1/3 of the U.S. average. After accounting for electricity generation and transmission/distribution, more than 90% of neighborhood residential energy used in Jinan comes directly or indirectly from coal, resulting in considerable GHG emissions due to coal's carbon-intensity. In-home consumption accounts for 90% of total neighborhood operational energy use; the primary influencing factors include household income and size, presence of children, home ownership, living area, and households' awareness towards saving energy. Neighborhood form, on its own, has a moderate impact, mainly through apparent effects on household energy source choice and appliance ownership. The research suggests that the Enclave - featuring moderate compactness, high presence of mid-rise buildings, a relatively organized building layout, and diverse land uses and neighborhood functions - represents a relatively energy efficient neighborhood form in the context of urban China. The Enclave potentially limits on-site coal use, improves thermal efficiency, reduces the demand for space cooling, lowers the consumption by elevators and water pumps, and facilitates the use of solar energy. Additional options for energy conservation and GHG mitigation in urban China's residential sector include enabling flexible control of space heating and accelerating the transition from coal to cleaner energy sources.
by Jiyang Zhang.
M.C.P.
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Yuce, Elif Can. "An Assessment Of The Planning And Operational Performance Of The Bus Rapid Transit In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615683/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, the only city that currently operates BRT is Istanbul. There are researches that focus on different BRT systems in the world, yet there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the BRT experience in Istanbul. There seems to be an urgent need to study this BRT investment, with a particular focus on planning, operation and ridership characteristics with a comparative approach.
This thesis analyses the BRT corridor in Istanbul and answers the question whether Metrobüs in Istanbul is a success or not. In order to understand the criteria for defining success, planning, operation and ridership characteristics are identified based on the previous literature and particularly the analysis of three best practice cases that currently operate BRT
these are Curitiba, Bogota and Mexico City. The study sets the criteria in planning, operation and ridership of BRT systems drawn by previous studies and answers by people who were involved in these projects. It compares the best practice cases and the Istanbul Metrobü
s
focusing on planning and operation characteristics and using primary indicators of performance and ridership. The study reveals strength and weaknesses of the Istanbul Metrobü
s in comparison to best practice BRT cases in the world. The findings provide lessons both for the future extensions of the BRT in Istanbul and for other cities that may consider implementing this transit technology.
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Gallet, Romain. "Redeveloping Lyon Part-Dieu : Innovative construction sites management in a dense urban area." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169590.
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This study aims at identifying on a concrete example the possible transfer of methods from strategic spatial planning to lower scales of planning like urban programming or operational planning of construction sites. Strategic spatial planning is a participatory and open method establishing the basis for cooperation between public and private stakeholders to achieve what is defined by said stakeholders as the best evolution for the territory it is dealing with, it relies on tools and processes like territorial diagnosis, thematic workshops and roundtables; Objectives are more qualitatively than quantitatively defined to allow flexibility to adapt to internal and external changes. This paper considers the territory of Lyon conurbation, France, as its territory of focus and particularly the redevelopment project of its central business district and multimodal hub, Part-Dieu. The planning of Lyon conurbation was in the 80s at the vanguard of strategic planning in France. Driven by Lyon urban planning agency and Grand Lyon, the local authority in charge of the area, under the pressure of local economic actors, Lyon conurbation acquired and integrated new tools and methods from strategic spatial planning. The hypothesis of this study is that, from then on, strategic planning methods and processes got transferred from the field of pure strategic spatial planning to the lower notches of the decision-making chain leading to the realization of a project: the stage of the programming of a neighborhood – the Part-Dieu district – and the stage of the operational planning of a construction or redevelopment operation. This study puts forward the following reasoning to explain this transfer of methods: an acculturation process to the collaborative and qualitative methods of strategic spatial planning took place in the territory of Lyon conurbation. It happened between the corporate cultures of spatial planning and those of urban program design and construction operation management. However, more than a way to really involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process in a bottom-up approach, this study suggests that the use of these methods at the stage of construction/redevelopment operation management is more of a facade to make stakeholders better accept decisions already taken by experts and/or public authorities. One could talk about a top-down approach disguised as a bottom-up approach.
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Hickey, April M. "Utilizing ATCS Data to Inform a Dynamic Reassignment System for Muni Metro Light Rail Vehicles Departing Embarcadero Station." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1081.
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This is a report of a professional project intended to act as an informational tool for the evaluation of a dynamic dispatch system at Embarcadero Station for the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). Systems that operate dispatch algorithms do so in response to on-time performance and reliability. The optimization problem is documented in many transportation contexts including airline networks, bus dispatch, and freight routing. According to the research, optimizing available options and re-routing based on available options can create a more efficient system that would minimize operating costs and improving service reliability for customers.
The methodology presented here uses current headway information to dynamically change dispatch assignment between J, L, and M lines. The reassignment program was applied to randomly selected weekdays in March of 2012. After analysis it was determined that the application has the potential to decrease mean operating headways by up to 3% (or approximately 15 seconds).
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Lu, Linjun. "Operational Performance Evaluation of Four Types of Exit Ramps on Florida's Freeways." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3218.
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This research focuses primarily on the analysis of exit ramp performance related to safety and operations. The safety analysis focuses on the impacts of different exit ramp types for freeway diverge areas and different factors contributing to the crashes that occur on the exit ramp sections. The operational analysis is based mainly on simulations by TSIS-CORSIM. Different ramp effects and guidance for selecting optimal exit ramp type are concluded. Issues related to ramp sections and crossroad sections are also demonstrated. Minimum ramp length and minimum distance between ramp terminal and downstream or upstream intersections are calculated. The operational analysis was conducted to determine different ramp effects and to provide guidance for selecting optimal exit ramp type.
Comparisons of the operational performance of different types of exit ramps are made to present a method for choosing the optimal one. Some methods of evaluation (MOEs) are used to approach this objective, such as number of lane changes, average speed, delay time, etc. Data collection at 24 sites in Florida was conducted, and traffic simulations by TSIS-CORSIM were applied for analysis. Mathematical models were built to evaluate different impacts of these ramps based on simulations. All impact analysis is concluded to summarize a model for optimal exit ramp selection. In addition to ramp type evaluation and selection, issues related to ramp section and crossroad section are demonstrated. Minimum ramp length and minimum distance between ramp terminal and downstream or upstream intersections are calculated.
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Fabregas, Aldo D. "Location and Capacity Modeling of Network Interchanges." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4318.
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Network design decisions, especially those pertaining to urban infrastructure, are made by a central authority or network leader, and taking into consideration the network users or followers. These network decision problems are formulated as non-linear bi-level programming problems. In this work, a continuous network design problem (CNDP) and discrete network design problem (DNDP) bi-level optimization programs are proposed and solved in the context of transportation planning. The solution strategy involved reformulation and linearization as a single-level program by introducing the optimality conditions of the lower level problem into the upper level problem. For the CNDP, an alternative linearization algorithm (modified least squares partitioning, MLSPA) is proposed. MLSPA takes into consideration the current arc capacity and potential expansion to find a reduced set of planes to generalize the flow-capacity surface behavior. The concepts of flow capacity surface was introduced as a way to model of congested network and capture the effect of capacity on travel time/cost. It was found that the quality of the linear approximation depends on the goodness of fit the bottleneck arcs. The proposed approach was tested with well-known benchmark problems in transportation which yielded promising results in terms of efficiency, without sacrificing solution quality.
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Colombert, Morgane. "Contribution à l'analyse de la prise en compte du climat urbain dans les différents moyens d'intervention sur la ville." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470536.
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Le milieu urbain est à l'origine de processus radiatifs, thermiques, dynamiques et hydriques qui modifient le climat de la ville. La couche superficielle du sol, avec la présence plus ou moins importante de surfaces végétales ou d'eau, les activités humaines qui induisent des rejets de chaleur et de polluants, et la structure urbaine, avec des matériaux de construction et une certaine morphologie du cadre bâti, sont les principaux facteurs de cette modification. Le bilan d'énergie thermique permet d'appréhender la majorité des perturbations générées par la ville. A l'aide du schéma Town Energy Balance, développé par Météo-France pour paramétrer les échanges en énergie et en eau entre les surfaces bâties et l'atmosphère, nous avons effectué des tests de sensibilité du bilan d'énergie à différents facteurs. Ces facteurs appartiennent à cinq domaines d'actions : le bâtiment, l'espace public, l'organisation urbaine, les activités industrielles et les transports. Nos différentes simulations ont permis de confirmer le rôle prédominant des paramètres radiatifs dans le bilan d'énergie de la ville en été. Durant l'hiver, ce sont d'autres paramètres thermiques (isolation) qui ont la plus grande influence. Les collectivités territoriales françaises ont à leur disposition plusieurs outils et moyens pour agir en faveur de leur environnement climatique et intégrer des facteurs influant sur le climat urbain : leurs domaines de compétence directe (voirie, bâtiments communaux, espaces verts, etc.), les documents stratégiques d'orientation (SCOT et PLU), les procédures d'aménagement (ZAC et lotissement), l'incitation et l'information de leurs citoyens et de leurs services (Agenda 21 local, Plan Climat Territorial, Approche Environnementale de l'Urbanisme). Elles ne peuvent cependant pas agir avec une liberté suffisante, compte tenu des limites contraignantes entre droit de l'urbanisme et droit de la construction et de l'habitat
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Parsafard, Mohsen. "Space-Time Transportation System Modelling: from Traveler’s Characteristics to the Network Design Problem." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6924.
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Traditional network design problems only consider the long-term stationary travel patterns (e.g., fixed OD demand) and short-term variations of human mobility are ignored. This study aims to integrate human mobility characteristics and travel patterns into network design problems using a space-time network structure. Emerging technologies such as location-based social network platforms provide a unique opportunity for understanding human mobility patterns that can lead to advanced modeling techniques. To reach our goal, at first multimodal network design problems are investigated by considering safety and flow interactions between different modes of transport. We develop a network reconstruction method to expand a single-modal transportation network to a multi-modal network where flow interactions between different modes can be quantified. Then, in our second task, we investigate the trajectory of moving objects to see how they can reveal detailed information about human travel characteristics and presence probability with high-resolution detail. A time geography-based methodology is proposed to not only estimate an individual’s space-time trajectory based on his/her limited space-time sample points but also to quantify the accuracy of this estimation in a robust manner. A series of measures including activity bandwidth and normalized activity bandwidth are proposed to quantify the accuracy of trajectory estimation, and cutoff points are suggested for screening data records for mobility analysis.
Finally, a space-time network-based modeling framework is proposed to integrate human mobility into network design problems. We construct a probabilistic network structure to quantify human’s presence probability at different locations and time. Then, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model is proposed to maximize the spatial and temporal coverage of individual targets. To achieve near optimal solutions for large-scale problems, greedy heuristic, Lagrangian relaxation and simulated annealing algorithms are implemented to solve the problem. The proposed algorithms are implemented on hypothetical and real world numerical examples to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the methodology on different network sizes and promising results have been obtained.
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Pal, Aritra. "Improving Service Level of Free-Floating Bike Sharing Systems." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7433.
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Bike Sharing is a sustainable mode of urban mobility, not only for regular commuters but also for casual users and tourists. Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model, which saves on start-up cost, prevents bike theft, and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. Efficient management of a FFBS requires: 1) analyzing its mobility patterns and spatio-temporal imbalance of supply and demand of bikes, 2) developing strategies to mitigate such imbalances, and 3) understanding the causes of a bike getting damaged and developing strategies to minimize them. All of these operational management problems are successfully addressed in this dissertation, using tools from Operations Research, Statistical and Machine Learning and using Share-A-Bull Bike FFBS and Divvy station-based bike sharing system as case studies.
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Su, Liu. "Routing and Designing Networks for Two Transportation Problems." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7958.
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Routing and designing are essential for transportation networks. With effective routing and designing policies, transportation networks can work safely and efficiently. There are two transportation problems: hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation and warehouse logistics. This dissertation addresses the routing of networks for both problems. For hazmat transportation, the routing can be regulated via network design. Due to catastrophic consequences of potential accidents in hazmat transportation, a risk-averse approach for routing is necessary. In this dissertation, we consider spectral risk measures, for risk-averse hazmat routing. In addition, we introduce a network design problem to select a set of closed road segments for hazmat traffic with conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) to regulate hazmat routing. In warehouses, the routing of electric forklifts with sufficient battery levels is for material handling. The optimization model of dynamic wireless charging lane location is proposed under the workflow congestion in parallel-aisle warehouses. Considering the uncertainty of demands, the wireless charging lane location problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming model. We confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in solving these problems and the key advantages of use the proposed routing and designing policies via case studies.
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Castro, Luiz Guilherme Rivera de. "Operações urbanas em São Paulo: interesse público ou construção especulativa do lugar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-20092007-104947/.
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O instrumento das operações urbanas foi definido pela lei federal brasileira do Estatuto da Cidade como instrumento de política urbana que permite à administração pública municipal, através de parcerias com o setor privado, realizar transformações estruturais em setores territoriais definidos, com recursos provenientes do setor privado. Em São Paulo, as operações urbanas foram propostas como instrumento de planejamento urbano em projeto de plano diretor elaborado em 1985, iniciando-se a partir daí uma trajetória que incluiu diferentes interpretações e formas de aplicação. O trabalho aqui apresentado reconstitui essa trajetória desde as primeiras concepções do instrumento até o ano de 2000, ou seja, o período que compreende suas primeiras formulações e que antecede a promulgação do Estatuto da Cidade. Foram comparadas e analisadas as cinco operações urbanas formuladas nesse período, colocando-as em relação a três processos articulados: urbanização, imobiliário e institucional. Com fundamento nas análises realizadas, argumenta-se que as operações urbanas tal como foram desenvolvidas em São Paulo nesse período, subordinaram-se à lógica do empreendedorismo imobiliário, contribuindo para processos de construção especulativa do lugar. Para que as operações urbanas desempenhem papel ativo como instrumento de políticas públicas voltado para uma cidade mais justa e menos desigual será preciso alterar as próprias bases constitutivas e os processos operativos das parcerias público-privado, em sua concepção e em sua origem.The urban operations legal instrument was defined by the Brazilian federal urban development law (Statute of the City ? Estatuto da Cidade) as an instrument of urban policy that allows the local public administration, through partnerships with the private sector to accomplish structural changes on specific urban areas. The urban operations were proposed in São Paulo as an instrument of urban planning in a master plan project of 1985, starting then a course that includes different interpretations and ways of application. This work reconstitutes this trajectory from the first formulations of the instrument till the year 2000, the period that comprises its early designs and that was before the Statute of the City promulgation. Five urban operations proposed in this period were analyzed and compared in connection with three articulated processes: urbanization, property and institutional. Based on the accomplished analyses, it is argued that the urban operations as they were developed in São Paulo during this period followed the rules of the real state entrepreneurship logic and in doing so contributed to the speculative construction of place process. In order that the urban operations have an active role as a public policy instrument to a more just city it will be necessary to change its own constitutive basis and the operative processes of public-private partnership in its conception and origin.
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Arms, Anda R. "Indicators of success: measuring outcomes of evacuating pets in state and local emergency preparedness operational plans in area of economic and public health value." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6394.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Richard L. Hoag
Abstract On October 6, 2006 President Bush signed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, Pub. Law No. 109-308). The Act ensures that state and local emergency preparedness operational plans address the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals following a major disaster or emergency (The Library of Congress, 109:H.R. 3858, 2006). This thesis identifies nineteen indicators to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PETS program in the areas of economics and public health. This report gives specific examples of how each indicator can be used to measure, assess, guide, and monitor the outcomes of evacuating pets in state or local emergency preparedness operational plans.
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Ottoni, Cláudio Knapp Benedicto. "A operação urbana Água Branca e a transformação da Barra Funda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-16022017-120537/.
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A pesquisa faz um histórico da Operação Urbana Água Branca, como instrumento de transformação urbana da região da Barra Funda em São Paulo. Após debates ao longo da década de 1980, a Operação Urbana é adotada como instrumento urbanístico no Brasil, e especificamente em São Paulo, no Plano Diretor de 1985. Sua adoção definia como objetivo a transformação de lugares estratégicos da cidade por meio da captação de recursos advindos da iniciativa privada em momento de diminuição do investimento público. Nesse sentido, as formas de relação entre poder público e capital privado são abordadas pela pesquisa, procurando-se definir os resultados derivados de políticas, posturas, estratégias e mecanismos urbanísticos diversos, adotados no período 1995-2015, ao longo do qual a Operação Urbana Água Branca adota progressivamente as características de projeto urbano, voltado para o redesenho do bairro. O trabalho constrói inicialmente um panorama da evolução do bairro anterior à criação da Operação Urbana, após o que analisa a fundamentação teórica do instrumento e finalmente sua adoção pelo Executivo municipal paulistano. Discute-se também o processo de formulação, adoção e posterior abandono, em 2006, do projeto vencedor do Concurso Bairro Novo pelo poder público, e como as características dos cenários político, urbanístico e econômico-financeiro naquele momento contribuíram para o desfecho do processo. A dinâmica de desenvolvimento imobiliário da Barra Funda, posterior ao descarte do projeto do Bairro Novo, é examinada, com foco especial para o projeto e construção do empreendimento Jardim das Perdizes, mini-bairro construído pelas incorporadoras Tecnisa e PDG em espaço central ao bairro. O trabalho procurou igualmente avaliar quais modificações no uso e ocupação do solo no mesmo período são de fato induzidas pelos instrumentos previstos na lei e quais destes resultados independem ou dependem em grau menor da existência da Operação Urbana. Por fim, a pesquisa concentrou-se no detalhado processo de revisão da Operação Urbana Água Branca e sua transformação em Operação Urbana Consorciada, com maior participação de representantes da sociedade civil por meio da formação de um Grupo de Gestão e foco mais acentuado em construção de Habitação de Interesse Social. O processo mais recente é também caracterizado por estratégias múltiplas de interação entre poder público e capital privado consubstanciadas na criação de instrumentos urbanísticos diversos na nova Lei, que oscilam entre atuação direta do Executivo municipal na urbanização, parcerias público-privadas, e mecanismos de indução de adoção pelos incorporadores de características urbanísticas pretendidas pelo poder público. A transformação da Operação Urbana Água Branca é vista também como associada à adoção de princípios derivados do Estatuto da Cidade. O trabalho permitiu avaliar as possibilidades do instrumento da Operação Urbana Água Branca e de sua versão Consorciada para transformar positiva e criativamente o bairro da Barra Funda por meio de necessária e complexa interação entre poder público e capital privado, ainda que este instrumento deva ser continuamente aprimorado pela participação intensa da sociedade civil em seu processo.The research is a history of the Urban Operation Água Branca, as an urban transformation tool in the Barra Funda district in São Paulo. After debates throughout the 1980s, the Urban Operation is adopted as an urban instrument in Brazil, specifically in São Paulo, in the Master Plan of 1985. Its adoption defined the objective of transforming strategic places of the city through fundraising coming from the private sector at a time of decreasing government investment. In this sense, forms of relationship between government and private equity are covered by the dissertation, seeking to define the results derived from policies, attitudes, strategies and different urban mechanisms adopted in the period 1995-2015, over which the Urban Operation Água Branca gradually adopted urban design features, aimed to redesign the neighborhood of Barra Funda. The work initially builds an overview of developments in the previous years of the creation of the Urban Operation, after which analyzes the theoretical basis of the instrument and finally its adoption by the São Paulo Municipal Administration. We also discuss the formulation, adoption and subsequent abandonment in 2006 of the winner project of the competition Bairro Novo, and how the characteristics of political, urban, economic and financial scenarios in that time contributed to the outcome of the process. The dynamics of the real estate development of Barra Funda, after the competition, is examined with a special focus on the design and construction of the project Jardim das Perdizes, a mini-neighborhood built by developers Tecnisa and PDG in a central space to the neighborhood. The work also sought to assess which changes in land use and occupation in the same period are indeed induced by the instruments provided for by law and also which results do not depend or rely to a lesser extent on the Urban Operation existence. Finally, the research focused on the detailed process of revision of the Urban Operation Água Branca by the municipality and its transformation into an Urban Operation Consortium, with greater participation of representatives of civil society through a Management Group and a sharper focus on social housing. The most recent case is also characterized by multiple strategies of interaction between government and private capital embodied in the creation of many urban instruments in the new law, ranging from direct action of the municipal executive in urbanization and public-private partnerships to mechanisms for the induction of adoption by developers of urban characteristics required by the government. The transformation of the Urban Operation Água Branca is also seen as a reflection of the adoption of principles derived from the the Brazilian federal urban development law known as Estatuto da Cidade. The research allowed to evaluate the possibilities of the Urban Operation Água Branca and its Consortiated version to transform positively and creatively the Barra Funda district through necessary and complex interaction between government and private capital, although this instrument should be continuously enhanced by the participation of civil society.
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Brennan, Mark Emmanuel. "Social policy and operations management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129047.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Policy, Operations, and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation strengthens planning and policy analysis by using concepts from operations management to examine production and distribution of goods and services for disadvantaged groups. Building on the introduction, chapter two tells a cautionary tale, investigating how scholars and decision makers used operations management methods to consider operations in planning and policy analysis in the 1970s in ways that further marginalized already vulnerable residents. The tools and concepts of operations management, however, if sufficiently framed by concerns about equity and advocacy, are powerful instruments in solving production and distribution problems with social consequences. Chapter three explores how these concepts can be used to descriptively identify disparities in access to goods and services by socio-economic status, examining the distribution of irrigation equipment in Senegal. The core question is about the allocation of risk and inventory across levels of a supply chain that extends far into Senegal's farming regions. Chapter four identifies how these concepts can be used to causally explain disparities, tracing policies and plans that aggregative or ameliorate them. It focuses on the main program that subsidizes affordable housing construction in the United States, a durable necessity that is unevenly available and exposed to environment risks across space. The core question is about patterns over space and time in building affordable housing stocks, relative to where and when disasters occur. Chapter five shows how these concepts can be used to prescriptively remedy disparities. It investigates quality risks in the US international food assistance supply chain in Eastern Africa. The core question is about what levers can be pulled in supply chain design to improve food aid quality. Chapter six concludes.
by Mark Emmanuel Brennan.
Ph. D. in Policy, Operations, and Management
Ph.D.inPolicy,Operations,andManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Maleronka, Camila. "Projeto e gestão na metrópole contemporânea: um estudo sobre as potencialidades do instrumento \'operação urbana consorciada\' à luz da experiência paulistana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-25092010-175936/.
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Esta tese discute a operação urbana consorciada como instrumento de parceria entre o poder público e o setor privado para a promoção de projetos urbanos. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que a viabilização de intervenções urbanísticas por meio do instrumento estaria limitada à aplicação parcial da legislação e não à consecução de parcerias efetivas. Em 2001, a regulamentação nacional da operação urbana consorciada pelo Estatuto da Cidade trouxe inovações importantes no sentido de recuperar a essência do instrumento que aparentemente não foram assimiladas de forma equivalente. Esta tese avança na elucidação do instrumento, recuperando e enfatizando sua dupla dimensão projeto e gestão e apontando para um modelo que não negligencie o aspecto físico-urbanístico ao valorizar o apelo econômico-financeiro do instrumento.This thesis discusses the consortiated urban operation as an urban planning tool of partnership between the public and the private sectors to promote urban projects. The work is based on the hypothesis that the viability of urban interventions through this planning tool would be limited to partial implementation of legislation and would not achieve effective partnerships. In 2001, the national regulation of the consortiated urban operation by the City Statute has brought major innovations in order to recover the essence of the instrument that seems not to have been understood equivalently. This thesis advances in the elucidation of the tool, recovering and valuing its dual dimension - project and management - and pointing to a model that does not neglect the physical urban aspect by overestimating the economic-financial appeal of the tool.
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Montandon, Daniel Todtmann. "Operações urbanas em São Paulo: da negociação financeira ao compartilhamento equitativo de custos e benefícios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-19032010-111532/.
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O presente trabalho trata da evolução do conceito de Operação Urbana e de Solo Criado no contexto institucional do planejamento urbano do Município de São Paulo, numa perspectiva propositiva de aprimoramento desses instrumentos. Foram identificadas três fases de desenvolvimento das Operações Urbanas e do Solo Criado: introdução das idéias (décadas de 1970 e 1980), prática e experimentação (décadas de 1980 e 1990) e prática e revisão (década de 2000). A pesquisa contempla a genealogia dos conceitos de Operação Urbana e de Solo Criado, sendo caracterizadas as matrizes conceituais que originaram esses instrumentos. Quando se avança na análise da experiência do Solo Criado e das Operações Urbanas no Município de São Paulo, verifica-se que os resultados e estratégias de aplicação dos instrumentos se distanciam dos propósitos iniciais aos quais as Operações Urbanas e o Solo Criado estavam submetidos. O que se identifica é a construção de um modelo de Operação Urbana ao longo dessa experiência. Esse modelo se caracteriza pela negociação financeira do potencial adicional de construção que proporcionou considerável monta de recursos ao Poder Público, que por sua vez alocou esses investimentos em obras de natureza essencialmente viária e na mesma região onde os incentivos na legislação urbana foram concedidos. O estudo também engloba análise dos trabalhos recentes desenvolvidos no âmbito institucional da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo voltados à revisão desse modelo de Operação Urbana, o que ainda não ocorreu na prática. Por fim, lança-se mão do estudo dos conceitos e dos instrumentos de compartilhamento equitativo de custos e benefícios a partir do sistema colombiano de planejamento urbano, como uma possível referência para subsidiar o aprimoramento das Operações Urbanas em São Paulo, na tentativa de superação do modelo até agora adotado.The present work deals with the evolution of the concepts of Urban Operations and Solo Criado (or Created Land) in the urban planning context of the Sao Paulo Municipality, in a perspective to improve these instruments. It was identified three phases: introduction of the ideas (1970 and 1980 decades), practice and experimentation (1980 and 1990 decades) and practice and revision (2000 decade). The research explores the genealogy of the concepts of Urban Operations and Created Land characterizing the conceptual matrixes that contributed to the origin of these instruments. When it goes ahead in the analysis of the experience of Urban Operations and Created Land in Sao Paulo city, it finds out that the results and the strategies of application of these instruments is far from the initial purposes which Urban Operations and Created Land were submitted. Along the analysis it is identified the construction of a model of Urban Operation. This model is characterized by the financial negotiation of the building additional potential which provided a consider amount of resources to the Municipality, that in its turn applied these resources in road works and in the same region where the incentives in the zoning law were granted. The study also encloses the analysis of the recent works developed by the Secretariat of Urban Planning of Sao Paulo Municipality related to the revision of this model of Urban Operation that still didnt happen in practice. At last, it makes use of the concepts and the instruments of equitable sharing of costs and benefits from the Colombian urban planning system, like a possible reference to support the improvement of Urban Operations in Sao Paulo in a trial to surpass the model adopted until now.
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Higginson, M. P. "The efficiency of British urban bus operation and financing." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380241.
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Hammond, Cynthia Lynn. "Urban collage : the surgical operations of Le Corbusier's plan voisin and Ben Nicholson's urban poises." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24142.
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Lalenis, Konstantinos S. "Public participation strategies in urban planning in Greece after the 'Urban reconstruction operation (EPA) 1982-1984' comparison of theory and practice." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334411.
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Eisenberg, Elaine. "Estimated regional impacts from hub-and-spoke operations at U.S. airports." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73297.
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Yousif, Saad Yaqub. "Effect of lane changing on traffic operation for dual carriageway roads with roadworks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370070.
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Mumayiz, S. A. "A methodology for planning and operations management of airport passenger terminals : a capacity/level of service approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7403.
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A methodology is presented herewith to assist in the systematic evaluation of operational conditions of the vital and dynamic processing facilities of airport terminals, which could enhance planning and management practices adopted for airports. The methodology focusses on the relation between capacity of individual facilities and levels of service that passengers experience in them, whereby important operational aspects of those facilities are examined and analysed. The developed methodology consists of two main parts: Capacity procedure, and Level of Service procedure. The first establishes the relations (Performance models) between demand levels (flows) that may possibly be accommodated by individual facilities, and some service measures of particular relevance to passengers that could be used to assess the performance of facilities when subjected to various demand levels. To accomplish this, simulation techniques are utilized to synthesize required information. In the second, the way by which a framework of service standards could be established is presented. Levels of service are derived by asking passengers (through appropriate surveys) to assess service standards based upon their perception to service conditions at a particular time, and their response to different variations of service resulting at different demand levels. Through this method, Perception-Response models are derived, where they are used in the case studies conducted, to delineate the levels of service for processing facilities of the airport terminal considered.
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McGill, Daniel D. D. (Daniel Dulany deButts). "The impact of climate change on ski resort operations and development : opportunities and threats." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42018.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"September 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-58).
This thesis serves as a pedagogical guide to the ski resort industry, and presents a broad overview of the unique issues that accompany climate change. The paper also provides recommendations to resort developers as to which regions of North America will likely become desirable destination for skiers in light of such changes. The ski resort industry is on the cutting edge with respect to sustainable building techniques and adoption of innovative "green" principles in day-to-day operations. But while these efforts are admirable and set an important precedent, in the global context they do little to stem the tide of global warming which penalizes indiscriminately. It is therefore necessary for stakeholders within the ski industry to not only embrace adoption strategies, but also to consider what preemptive actions can be taken to capitalize on global warming. Using historical annual total snowfall records and "skier visit" data, this study intends to quantify the extent to which climate change has impacted resort operations in different regions of the United States over the last several decades. In addition, the paper provides an overview of current and future effects of climate change on North America's ski resort industry and provides recommendations as to how these operators can adapt to ever changing conditions over the next 30 - 50 years. This is followed by a review of climate adaptation practices currently employed by resort operators and stakeholders. With few exceptions, existing literature on this topic has neglected to consider what opportunities might emerge as a result of climate change. While the field of climatology is an ever evolving science, the ski industry would be wise to take note as global warming is likely to prove one of those tectonic forces that gradually - but powerfully - changes the economic landscape in which they operate.
by Daniel D.D. McGill.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Davis, Allison H. (Allison Heather) 1974. "Innovative strategies for managing the increasing costs of paratransit operations under the Americans with Disabilities Act." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65471.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, February 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-158).
When the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990, transit agencies saw a fundamental shift in the requirements of service for the disabled. Among other obligations, they were required to provide door-to-door service (paratransit) for those unable to use fixed route services. The disabled community viewed this as a basic entitlement. Public transit saw this as another responsibility. A decade later, transit agencies are struggling to provide the service to a growing number of users under greater financial pressures and the disabled community is still awaiting a basic level of mobility. This thesis reviews how mobility and accessibility came to be viewed as a right by summarizing US legislation since 1964 with regards to transportation and disabilities; examines the current state of paratransit and its funding levels; identifies and evaluates paratransit's costs throughout the US and their implications; and proposes a three pronged approach of institutional, financial and internal strategies that transit agencies can invoke to manage the delivery and finances of paratransit. There is no single strategy that can completely alleviate the financial pressures of paratransit services and provide improved services. First and foremost, with the reauthorization of TEA-21 approaching, transit agencies and disabled advocates should mobilize a coalition of paratransit stakeholders to approach the federal government and make a case for federal funding of paratransit services. By acknowledging that paratransit is a fundamental part of the surface transportation system and funding it as such, this would effectively spread its responsibilities over the entire transportation system, instead of only public transit. This could be funded, in part, by modifying the federal gasoline tax or other inputs to the Highway Trust Fund. Additionally, from a regional or state perspective, gas and parking taxes can be modified to help fund paratransit services. Thus, in order to provide the level of mobility that was promised to the millions of disabled citizens in the ADA, the federal government must step in and assist transit agencies in operating the service. Without this support, transit agencies will continue to provide low quality paratransit services under immense financial stress and the disabled community's mobility needs will constantly be placed on a second tier when compared to that of nondisabled citizens.
by Allison H. Davis.
M.C.P.and S.M.
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Kirschbaum, Julie B. "Paying for transit operations : challenges and solutions for the Chicago Transit Authority." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17714.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-144).
This research identifies the challenges Chicagoland must confront to maintain a quality transit system. It analyzes the organizational and funding structure of the Regional Transportation Authority and its three service providers, including the Chicago Transit Authority. This investigation revealed that the greatest regional challenges are declining ridership (especially on bus) and increasing congestion from limited subsidies and a cost recovery statute. To address these challenges a series of alternatives were evaluated using a framework that considers revenue potential, incidence, side effects, and political feasibility. Based on this analysis, a four part strategy is recommended: 1. Change the current distribution formula. Unless a new allocation formula is established, CTA may not benefit from increased resources. The new formula should reduce reliance on discretionary funds by stabilizing current funding levels to the three service providers. 2. Increase RTA revenues. Currently the two wealthiest counties in the region (DuPage and Lake) pay significantly less than Cook County while enjoying comparable service. The RTA should increase their sales tax contributions to improve regional equity and increase resources. These resources should be used to address growing paratransit needs.
(cont.) 3. Develop a set of performance measures that respond to distinct transit markets. Rather than focusing exclusively on the cost recovery ratio, which risks the long-term vitality of the system, the RTA should develop a set of performance measures that maximize efficiencies within markets. This will allow the region to control costs, while still protecting weaker markets like bus and paratransit. 4. Include a transit pass as part of the personal vehicle registration tax. Having people prepay for transit services will provide an incentive for replacing some automobile trips, while generating regional subsidies. In the short run, this funding mechanism will serve as an incentive for RTA to promote fare integration. If expanded over time, it offers RTA the opportunity to increase transit service. The above recommendations will help reverse the current negative trends and stabilize ridership; however to increase ridership and mode share, more subsidy will be needed. Other promising revenue generators should be considered in the future to meet these goals.
by Julie B. Kirschbaum.
S.M.
M.C.P.
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Angeli, Paula Abranches Lopes de. "As opera??es urbanas consorciadas como instrumento de planejamento urbano: estudo de caso da cidade de S?o Paulo -SP." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/95.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-15This work had the objective of analyzing the Consortial Urban Operations as an instrument of urban planning. The urban operations were regulated by the City Statute in 2001 and intend to requalify certain city areas which require structural intervention. In order to achieve this objective, four Urban Operations currently existing at S?o Paulo city were studied: ?gua Branca Urban Operation, Centro Urban Operation, ?gua Espraiada Consortial Urban Operation and Faria Lima Consortial Urban Operation. In addition, other experiences implemented in Paris/France; Baltimore/United States of America; London/England; and Barcelone/Spain were also studied. During this analysis, the historical context was taken into account, considering the reasons that led to the use of this instrument in Brazil as well as in the other countries chosen for this research. The beginning of each one of the Urban Operations mentioned were registered, as well as their objectives and construction already implemented; after that, the ?gua Branca Urban Operation was evaluated separately in more detail, regarding the imparcts generated, both positives and negatives, and also as a municipal urban instrument.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as Opera??es Urbanas Consorciadas como instrumento de planejamento urbano. As opera??es urbanas foram regulamentadas pelo Estatuto da Cidade em 2001 e t?m como objetivo requalificar determidas ?reas da cidade, que exijam interven??o estrutural. Para tanto, foram pesquisadas as quatro Opera??es Urbanas em vigor atualmente no Munic?pio de S?o Paulo, quais sejam: Opera??o Urbana ?gua Branca, Opera??o Urbana Centro, Opera??o Urbana Consorciada ?gua Espraiada e Opera??o Urbana Consorciada Faria Lima. Foram pesquisadas tamb?m as experi?ncias realizadas em Paris/Fran?a; Baltimore/Estados Unidos da Am?rica; Londres/Inglaterra; e Barcelona/Espanha. Durante a an?lise buscou-se inser?-las no contexto hist?rico, considerando os fatores que levaram ? utiliza?ao do instrumento tanto no Brasil como nos outros pa?ses escolhidos na pesquisa. Foi registrado o in?cio de cada uma das opera??es urbanas citadas, seus objetivos e obras j? realizadas, para posteriormente realizar uma avalia??o mais aprofundada da Opera??o Urbana ?gua Branca, separadamente, no que diz respeito aos impactos gerados, tanto positivos quanto negativos, e enquanto instrumento urbano municipal.
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Menegon, Natasha Mincoff. "Planejamento, território e indústria: as operações urbanas em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16137/tde-25032010-105850/.
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Esta dissertação discute as transformações na economia e no território de áreas industriais, procurando apontar de que forma o poder público se utiliza dessas recentes transformações, como justificativa para intervenções urbanísticas nessas áreas, por meio da proposição do instrumento operação urbana consorciada. Circunscrevendo a pesquisa ao período de 1996 e 2001, analisamos os processos de transformação da indústria, bem como de sua territorialidade no Município de São Paulo, elegendo como estudo de caso a região delimitada como Operação Urbana Diagonal Sul. Essa região, abrange sete distritos, é caracterizada por períodos históricos e ocupações diversas, apresentando um extenso território, que se estende do centro de São Paulo, ao longo da ferrovia Santos-Jundiaí, até o limite do município. Sua escolha deve-se ao fato da área apresentar um número significativo de indústrias, que podem ser representativas das mudanças que ocorrem na cidade. A partir da análise de dados extraídos da Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP), que é complementada pela aplicação de questionário e observações de campo, procuramos evidenciar as diferenças na intensidade de transformação da indústria, no Município de São Paulo e na área de estudo. Com uma melhor compreensão das dinâmicas do território analisado, discutimos que as tendências de saída e permanência das indústrias ocorrem com intensidades diferenciadas e, portanto, com necessidades também diferenciadas de intervenção. Dessa forma, problematizamos a pertinência do instrumento operação urbana consorciada, como a principal estratégia do poder público para realizar transformações estruturais na região.This dissertation discusses the transformations in the economy and in the territory of industrial areas, aiming at showing the ways the government makes use of these transformations as a justification of urban interventions in these areas, through the proposal of joint urban operations. By limiting the period between 1996 and 2001, we have analyzed the processes of the industry transformation, as well the territory covered by it in São Paulo city, selecting as our case study the region known as Urban Operation South Diagonal (Operação Urbana Diagonal Su)l . This region consists of seven districts and is characterized by historical periods and different occupations. The area of this vast territory starts in the center of São Paulo, along with Santos-Jundiaí railway, and extends to the borders of the city. This choice is due to the fact that the area holds a great number of industries, which can be representative of the changes that take place in the city. Based on the analysis of data taken from Economic Activity Research of São Paulo state (Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista - PAEP), which is complemented by a questionnaire and field observation, we have sought to make evident the difference in the intensity of industry transformation, in São Paulo city and in the study field. With a better understanding of the dynamics and territory analyzed, we have discussed that the tendencies of exit and permanence of industries take place at different intensities, and therefore, with different needs of intervention. Thus, we have discussed the applicability of the joint urban operations instrument as the main strategy of the government to make the structural transformations in the region.
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Cooper, Erin Marie. "PLANNING FOR STOP SPACING UNDER THE SAN FRANCISCO MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCY BUS STOP CONSOLIDATION PROPOSAL." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/308.
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The purpose of this report was to analyze the elements of a bus stop consolidation program for the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). This research shows that increasing stop spacing distances increases walking distances, but in places with high transit and stop density, most access distances will not be beyond a five to ten minute walk. In general, European cities with high transit mode shares recommend stops every 1300 feet. American guidelines recommend stops between approximately 800 to 1300 feet. According to the literature review, fewer stops can lead to a more reliable service. Time savings on the route also translate into significant cost savings for the agency. This paper presents a methodology for creating stop elimination proposals based on factors such as ridership, transfer points, and existing bus shelters or infrastructure. Public input can help to determine which bus stops are key locations. This methodology was used to propose stop consolidation for one bus route in San Francisco: Route 1 California Inbound. The route was then evaluated based on information from the literature review. The yearly savings can be as much as $340,000 to $930,000 per route.
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Pavlas, Miroslav. "Ekonomické ukazatele udržitelného urbanistického rozvoje středně velkých měst." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233268.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyse how to measure an economic pillar of sustainable urban development when it is understood in terms of qualitative city development. This principly means achieving economic prosperity which does not lead to damage of the city areas and decrease the quality of life for its residents. This approach requires the creation of an appropriate set of indicators that will cover qualitative aspects of sustainable economic development. The first section summarizes existing approaches to the definition of sustainable development and ways of measuring both on the Czech and the international level. There are also defined basic characteristics of the urban development which are appropriate to express a qualitative development of the city. The second part is focused on existing ways in which sustainable development is measured, i.e. especially in the context of indicator sets. These are under detailed assessment which aim is to show how useful is to measure the economic sustainability from the qualitative point of view. In this part, the limits of using economic macro aggregates (especially Gross Domestic Product) is emphasized because there are still regarded as one of the key economic indicators of sustainable development. In the next part the thesis deals with the definition of economic prosperity and focuses on the characteristics typical for short, medium and long term perspective. Measurement of sustainable urban development in the short term is based on assessment of financial situation. From the medium-term point of view, it is crucial to assess how the city handles its property, i.e. mainly buildings and land. These property components are substantial for a further direction of city development. In the next section are designed indicators aimed at measuring the ability of the city to maintain a skilled workforce which is one of the most important conditions of long-term economic prosperity. The final theoretical part of the thesis is focused on how the long-term sustainable urban development is to be expressed in an economic way through the assessment of investments in urban infrastructure and its operational efficiency. The designed set of indicators is verified on case studies of three medium-sized Czech cities.
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Moreira, Ligia Martelli. "As operações urbanas Faria Lima em São Paulo e a mobilidade do pedestre nas calçadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-21022017-100045/.
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Esta tese se propõe a investigar qual o real potencial que o instrumento de planejamento urbano, denominado \'Operações Urbanas\', pode ter na produção e qualificação dos espaços públicos como as calçadas, para o maior conforto e segurança dos pedestres, cuja mobilidade constitui um terço de todas as viagens realizadas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, diariamente (cerca de 13 milhões de viagens sobre um total de 40 milhões). Focalizando o caso específico das calçadas da Avenida Faria Lima e seus arredores mais próximos, a pesquisa que sustenta essa tese, confirma ter havido melhorias neste local, por meio da alocação dos recursos financeiros e técnicos gerados pelas OUFLs - Operações Urbanas Faria Lima, além de boa receptividade pelos seus usuários pedestres, mas não ao ponto de tornar o ambiente completamente seguro para o transeunte e gerando diferenças qualitativas entre a avenida, principal eixo urbano da mesma, e as ruas vizinhas, dentro do perímetro dessa operação urbana. Neste sentido, a tese sugere mais pesquisa na sua direção investigativa, para que este instrumento urbanístico seja redesenhado para fazer jus às suas prerrogativas normativas, em real benefício da população municipal de São Paulo, como um todo.This thesis aims at investigating the true potential that the urban planning instrument, the so-called \'Urban Operations\', may have in the production and qualification of public spaces such as sidewalks, for the greater comfort and safety of pedestrians, whose mobility constitutes one third of all travels carried out in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (approximately 13 million out of a total of 40 million). Focusing the specific case study of the Faria Lima avenue and its immediate surroundings, the research supporting this thesis confirms that improvements were obtained in this location, by the allocation of the financial and technical resources generated by the OUFLs - Faria Lima Urban Operations, besides the fine receptivity by its pedestrian users, yet not to the point of turning the environment completely safe for the streetwalker and generating qualitative differences between the avenue, its main urban axis, and the avenue\'s neighbouring streets, within its urban operation perimeter. In this sense, the thesis suggests additional research in its main investigative direction, so that this urban planning instrument be redesigned to do justice to its normative prerrogatives, in the real benefit of the municipal population of Sao Paulo, as a whole.
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Murthy, Gummadavelly Narasimha. "Development and Application of ITS Operations Evaluation Models (ITSOEMs)." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4375.
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Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) play an important role in supporting motorists and first responders to handle major incidents, hazmat spills, security measures and other emergency operations. Increasingly, technology advancements and applications are providing invaluable integration opportunities to interconnect safety, maintenance, ITS, traffic operations, facilities, and transportation equipment programs to maximize available resources and achieve efficiency in transportation operations.
This research focuses on one of the prominent ITS devices: Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) operations. Using real time incident management operations data and ITS operations data, an attempt is made to develop ITS Operations Evaluations Models (ITSOEMs) that are capable of quantifying the operations value of DMS and their complementing ITS surveillance and detection systems, such as CCTV, Safety Service Patrol (SSP) and Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) systems.
The I-95 corridor in the state of Virginia is selected as the Study Corridor. Operations data from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) on DMS and ITS detection systems and incident management is analyzed to accomplish four key research objectives: a) To collect, extract and evaluate real time operations data from VDOT ITS and incident management operations programs and identify the factors contributing to the successful operation of DMS for the duration of incidents and events occurring on the I-95 Study Corridor; b) To develop analytical models to determine measurable influence of incident detections in successfully disseminating messages on DMS; c) To develop ITS Operations evaluation models to determine the effectiveness of DMS messages during incidents by quantifying the influence of DMS messages in the deterrence of secondary incidents on the I-95 Study Corridor; and d) To develop guidelines on the application of these quantitative ITS evaluation models so that transportation engineers can effectively use these models to perform ITS evaluations at other ITS locations. The ITS evaluation framework developed in this research work is expected to assist transportation engineers in the prioritization, selection and implementation of operations and technology integration strategies.
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Duff-Riddell, W. R. (Wayne Russell). "A computerised decision support system for the implementation of strategic logistics management optimisation principles in the planning and operation of integrated urban public transport." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52067.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Public and private transport system planning and operation have tended to be fragmented functions. In particular, public transport is often planned and operated independently of the "private" transport system. South African government policy now requires that comprehensive, strategic transport plans be prepared by metropolitan transport authorities. These plans are expected to conform to national strategic objectives as well as including local current and longterm objectives. This planning is required in the environment of a multi-modal, multi-operator, public-private partnership scenario that is new for most of the role players. The lack of experience is accompanied by a lack of any existing model for dealing with this scenario. This dissertation describes such a model. The model is based on the principles of strategic logistics management commonly employed in commerce and industry, including service-oriented industries. The modelling process is thus based on achieving a combination of customer service and long-term objectives. The model comprises a number of separate components and steps: • A transport network model (Emme/2). ~ A multi-class, generalised-cost assignment of private and public transport demand onto a network, modified to be modeless to the public transport users, is performed. This assignment allows for the imposition of generalised-cost reflecting urban-planning objectives in addition to more conventional costs such as travel cost. In this assignment, the interaction of public and private transport is accounted for and results in an associated modal choice. ~ A series of single-class generalised-cost assignments is then used to "focus" public transport demand to create corridors of demand adequate to justify public transport routes. This process can be enhanced to develop a design promoting switching from private to public transport. It also allows for multi-period route design. ~ The results of this modelling process are output to a text file and then subject to the processes described below. The results of these processes are then input into the network model where a standard transit assignment is performed and used to modify the proposed lines and update the network design data with respect to boardings and alightings at nodes. This information is used to design fixed infrastructure. • A Microsoft Access database and route extraction program. );> The network model data is drawn into the database where it is subject to a route extraction program that converts the assignment results from the network model into a set of mode specific potential public transport route definitions. These route definitions are based on paths of maximum demand. The extraction process is controlled by parameters specified by the planner, such as minimum route lengths and the demand level for various categories of service. );> After route extraction, vehicle allocation, and transit assignment, the database provides details of the boardings and alightings and number and details of transit lines using each node and link in the network. This data is used to design fixed infrastructure. • A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet vehicle operating cost model. );> For each vehicle type, the operating cost given the anticipated vehicle mileage and operating speed is determined. This is used to guide the choice of vehicles for different routes. • A Lingo goal-programming model. );> The potential routes and the available or potential fleet are subjected to a goalprogramme in which the optimum choice of vehicle allocation is determined. The allocation parameters can be controlled by the planner. These parameters may include costs, energy, fuel consumption, and vehicle and route limitations amongst others. Multiperiod design is included in the modelling process so that the optimum design may be for the operating period, daily, or weekly cycle. The modelling process provides two main outputs: • A set of fully described and costed transit lines ill terms of both routing and vehicle allocation. These transit line definitions can be output to the level of driver instructions if necessary. • Details of the type and location of infrastructure to be provided on the network.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Openbare en private vervoerstelsel-beplanning en -bedryf IS geneig om gefragmenteerde funksies te wees. Dit is veral waarneembaar in die openbare vervoerstelsels waarvan die beplanning en bedryf onafhanklik van die "private" vervoerstelsels plaasvind. Die beleid van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering vereis dat omvattende strategiese vervoerplanne deur die metropolitaanse vervoer owerhede voorberei word. Daar word van hierdie planne verwag om aan die nasionale strategiese doelwitte, asook die plaaslike bestaande en langtermyn doelwitte te voldoen. Hierdie beplanning word vereis deur 'n omgewing wat nuut is vir die meeste rolspelers en bestaan uit multi-modale, multi-operateur en openbare-private vennootskap scenario's. Die tekort aan ondervinding gaan gepaard met 'n tekort aan 'n bestaande model wat gebruik kan word om hierdie scenario's te hanteer. So 'n model word deur hierdie verhandeling beskryf. Die model is gebasseer op die beginsels van strategiese logistieke bestuur wat algemeen gebruik word in die handel en industrie, insluitende die diens-georïenteerde industrieë. Die modelleringsproses wil dus 'n kombinasie van diens aan kliënte en langtermyn doelwitte bereik. Die model bestaan uit onderskeie komponente en stappe: • 'n Vervoernetwerkmodel (Emmel2) }i;> 'n Multi-klas, veralgemeende-koste toedeling van private en openbare vervoeraanvraag op 'n netwerk, aangepas om modusloos te wees vir die openbare vervoergebruiker, word uitgevoer. Hierdie toedeling laat nie net die heffing van meer konvensionele kostes, soos reiskoste toe nie, maar ook veralgemeende kostes wat staatsbeplarmingsdoelwitte reflekteer. In hierdie opdrag word die interaksie van openbare- en private vervoer ondersoek waarvan die uiteinde 'n geassosieerde modale keuse is. }i;> 'n Reeks enkelklas veralgemeende koste toedelings word dan gebruik om op openbare vervoeraanvraag te fokus en daardeur korridors van aanvraag, wat gepas is om openbare vervoerroetes te regverdig, te skep. Hierdie proses kan verfyn word om 'n plan te ontwikkel wat die verskuiwing van private vervoer na openbare vervoer sal bevorder. Dit laat ook die ontwerp van multi-periode roetes toe. }i;> Die resultate van hierdie modelleringsproses word uitgevoer na 'n tekslêer en dan aan die prosesse, wat hier onder beskryf word, onderwerp. Die resultate van hierdie prosesse word dan ingevoer in die netwerkmodel waar 'n standaard publieke vervoertoedeling uitgevoer word. Dit word dan gebruik om die voorgestelde roetes te wysig en die netwerk data, met betrekking tot die aantal persone wat op en af klim by nodes, op te dateer. Hierdie inligting word gebruik vir die ontwerp van infrastrukture. • 'n Microsoft Access databasis en roete-ontrekkingsprogram );> Die netwerkmodel data word in die databasis ingetrek waar dit aan 'n roeteontrekkingsprogram onderwerp word. Hierdie program skakel die toedelingsresultate van die netwerkmodel om na 'n stel potensiële modus spesifieke openbare vervoerroete definisies. Hierdie roete definisies word gebasseer op paaie van maksimum aanvraag. Die ontrekkingsproses word deur parameters, soos minimum lengte van roetes en die vlak van aanvraag van verskeie kategorieë van diens, wat deur die beplanner gespesifiseer word, gekontroleer. );> Na die ontrekking van roetes, voertuigtoekenning en vervoertoedeling, voorsien die databasis besonderhede van die aantal persone wat op en af klim asook die aantal en details van vervoerroete wat elke node en skakel in die netwerk gebruik. Hierdie data word gebruik om infrastrukture te ontwerp. • 'n Microsoft Excel sigblad voertuig bedryfskoste model )i> Vir elke tipe voertuig word die bedryfskoste, volgens die verwagte afstand en spoed van die spesifieke voertuig, bepaal. Die resultate word gebruik om die keuse van voertuie vir verskillende roetes te bepaal. • 'n Lingo doelprogrameringsmodel );> Die potensiële roetes en die beskikbare of potensiële vloot word onderwerp aan 'n doelprogram waarin die optimum keuse van voertuigtoekenning bepaal word. Die toekenningsparameters kan deur die beplanner gekontroleer word. Die parameters kan onder andere kostes, energie, brandstofverbruik en voertuig- en roete beperkings, insluit. Multi-periode ontwerp is ingesluit in die modelleringsproses sodat die optimum ontwerp vir die bedryfsperiode, daaglikse of weeklikse siklusse, kan wees. Die modelleringsproses lewer twee hoofuitkomste: • 'n Stel volledig beskrywende en koste berekende vervoerroete wat, indien nodig, na die vlak van bestuurder instruksies, uitgevoer kan word. • Details van die tipe en plek van infrastruktuur wat benodig word deur die netwerk.
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Casper-Futterman, Evan. "The Operation was Successful but the Patient Died: The Politics of Crisis and Homelessness in Post-Katrina New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1368.
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On July 4th, 2007, a small group of housing activists set up a tent city encampment in a plaza adjacent to New Orleans City Hall. The action resulted in the creation of Homeless Pride, a small group of politicized Plaza residents. Six months later, hundreds of homeless people were moved from the park, and it was fenced off. Using archival videos, interviews, and news media, this thesis analyzes the opportunities and constraints that activists, service providers, and local officials faced in light of two intersecting and overlapping contexts. The first context is the immediate crisis of the levee failures after Hurricane Katrina, and the second is the longer-term national political-economic context of “neoliberal urbanism”. Because of dire short-term circumstances, Homeless Pride articulated a message of homelessness as a “crisis” even though they had larger structural goals and vision. In light of recent “Occupy” movements, this case study addresses crucial questions for organizers and policymakers attempting to combat poverty and wealth inequality.
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Silverii, Louis Scott. "A darker shade of blue: From public servant to professional deviant; Law enforcement's special operations culture." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1357.
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Abstract
The culture of law enforcement is an all or nothing proposition with no gray area where membership into this society is concerned. You are either “on the job” or you are not. Even references among officers to “the job” indicate there is only one job. Likened to a secret handshake, that initial phrase if answered correctly opens the door to instant fraternal acceptance, get out of violation passes, and the many other assumed privileges of brotherhood. Manning (1980) describes the powerful mystification of policing as the “sacred canopy”. He further asserts that “the police role conveys a sense of sacredness or awesome power that lies at the root of political order, and authority, the claims a state makes upon its people for deference to rules, laws and norms” (Manning, 1980, p. 21).
These elements make policing unique to all other American occupations. The sacredness of the profession creates social autonomy protected by the officers’ code of silence. Operating in this vacuum apart from public accountability fosters an environment for behavior outside of laws the institution is charged with enforcing. My research shows the process of occupational socialization ushers officers into a state of becoming blue, or the enculturation of expectant behavior and actions. I confirm that assignments into the Special Operations Group (SOG) facilitate a subculture separate and apart from the institutional ideals (Librett, 2006) and encourage a darkening of the shade of blue identifying officers with a labeling of deviance.
While previous research identifies the code of silence as a by-product of the policing culture, my research identifies it as fundamental for maintaining the covenant of the dark blue fraternity.
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Chiapella, Geoffrey M. "City of San Luis Obispo: Community and Municipal Operations 2005 Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/252.
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The passage of AB 32 in 2006 initiated the need for city planners in California to consider the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions at the community level in order to develop policies and programs to reduce emissions in the future. Although local jurisdictions are not required to quantify and report emissions at this time, the AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan recommended a reduction goal for local governments of 15 percent below today’s levels by 2020 to ensure consistent reduction goals at the state and local levels.
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability initiated the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign in 1993, which provides a framework for local governments to develop a baseline emissions inventory and identify reduction measures as part of a climate action plan. This inventory is developed under the framework of the CCP campaign.
A review of the current practice of local greenhouse gas emissions inventories in California identified significant consistencies across jurisdictions in the overall framework of community and municipal emissions inventories– due largely to the framework provided by the CCP campaign. However, data sources used and methods of measurement vary greatly among local inventories, which limit the ability to compare results. This highlights the need for a standard reporting protocol for community inventories.
This baseline emissions inventory document provides the technical information necessary for the city to set reduction goals and facilitates the development of the climate action plan outlining policies and programs that when implemented would reach those goals.
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Park, Yongha. "Studies in Airline and Aviation Efficiency." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149261466159752.
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KOLIMI, PRAGATHI REDDY. "IMPROVEMENTS OF DILEMMA ZONE OPERATION AT HIGH-SPEED INTERSECTIONS IN MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1493849047813236.
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Brocaneli, Pérola Felipette. "O ressurgimento das águas na paisagem paulistana: fator fundamental para a cidade sustentável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-25052010-153625/.
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Este trabalho apresenta a percepção da água na paisagem, recuperando alguns momentos históricos em que a água assumiu papel importante na organização e estruturação do espaço. A percepção da água na paisagem conduz ao desenvolvimento da percepção ambiental, auxiliando na construção da consciência ecológica. No contexto desta pesquisa, a percepção da água na paisagem contemporânea é abordada, com foco na cidade de São Paulo, revendo a história do abastecimento da cidade e sua importância na transformação da paisagem natural, como também, na construção dos valores ambientais. A percepção da água na paisagem é apontada como um fator importante na identificação da paisagem natural de um território, algo essencial na formação da consciência ecológica de uma população. A percepção da água na paisagem urbana da cidade de São Paulo atualmente encontra-se muito prejudicada, posto que as principais vias de deslocamento da cidade estão localizadas sobre os principais fundos de vale do território. A fim de desenvolver as diretrizes de deslocamento, a cidade transformou radicalmente seu território com a retificação e canalização dos principais rios e córregos da cidade, além da drenagem e aterro de extensas áreas úmidas. A modernização da cidade transformou a paisagem natural e as conseqüências ambientais estão sendo sentidas, de forma que a possibilidade do ressurgimento das águas na paisagem paulistana é considerada como um dos fatores a contribuir no desenvolvimento de uma cidade sustentável. Neste cenário, as áreas das operações urbanas serão analisadas através de uma perspectiva ecológica e ecossistêmica, com o objetivo de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes ambientais para o município de São Paulo. Através do planejamento ambiental, as áreas das operações urbanas do município de São Paulo, apresentam grande potencial na transformação da paisagem urbana, pois se localizam sobre muitos dos fundos de vale da cidade e reúnem condições físicas para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes ambientais, no sentido de formar o principal eixo de uma estrutura ecológica das áreas verdes do município, configurando um sistema de refrigeração e umidificação para a cidade. Resgatando, em grande medida, características da paisagem natural, da qualidade ambiental e melhorando a qualidade de vida do paulistano.This work presents the water perception in the landscape, recuperating some historical moments in which water have assumed an important role in space organization and structuring. The water perception in the landscape leads to the environmental perception development, collaborating in the ecological conscience construction. In the research context, the water perception in the contemporary landscape is approached with a focus in São Paulo (SP), reviewing the city water supply history and its importance in the natural landscape transformation, as well as in the environmental values construction. The water perception is pointed as an important factor of the territory natural landscape identification, something essential to a population ecological conscience formation. In São Paulo, nowadays, the water perception is quite damaged, once the main avenues are located in the bottom of the valleys. As a consequence of the ways the road system was established, the city have radically transformed its territory, with the main rivers rectification and canalization, besides the land drainage and the embankment of huge humid areas. The city modernization have transformed the natural landscape and the environmental consequences are being felt. As a result, the possibility of the water reappearing in São Paulo landscape is considered as one of the contributing factors in the development of a sustainable city. In this scenario, the urban operation areas will be analyzed through an ecological and ecosystemic perspective, with the aim of contributing to the development of São Paulo environmental guidelines. Through environmental planning, the urban operation areas present great potential of urban landscape transformation once they are located on many valleys bottoms, gathering physical conditions to the development of environmental guidelines which, by their turn, head to the formation of the main axe of an ecological structure of the city green areas, configuring a refrigeration and humidification system. Besides, the natural characteristics of the landscape and the environmental quality would be in a great measure recuperated, improving the life standards of São Paulo in habitants.
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Fulkerson, Anthony L. "The Differences Between Industrial and Municipal Executives' Practices and Perceptions of an NPDES Water Pollution Control System in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2680.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between industrial and municipal executives' practices and perceptions toward the administrative requirements of a water pollution control system as set forth in a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit. This was a descriptive study that utilized a two-part attitudinal survey designed to obtain the perceptions of the executives (N = 171) of all major industries and all major municipalities in the State of Tennessee who had direct responsibility for the administrative requirements of an NPDES permitted water pollution control system. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of data with the chi-square formula used for the analysis of the study's three hypotheses. The descriptive analysis of the three hypotheses resulted in the following findings and conclusions: (1) There was no significant difference in what principal executives perceived was the most important administrative requirement of the NPDES permitted water pollution control system ($\chi\sp2$ = 1.44, df = 2). Both categories defined operational problems as the most important administrative requirement. (2) There was a significant difference in what principal executives perceived were the important water quality designated uses achieved by the facility water pollution control system ($\chi\sp2$ = 12.80, df = 6). Industrial respondents perceived "protection of fish and aquatic life" as most important, while municipal executives perceived "domestic and industrial water supply" as most important. (3) There was no significant difference in what principal executives perceived was the direct motivation for the water pollution control system installation, operation, and maintenance ($\chi\sp2$ = 1.65, df = 2). Both categories perceived environmental motivation as the most important reason for the NPDES permit administrative requirements. These findings supported the Clean Water Act regulatory program national objective to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters" (Arbuckle, Frick, Hall, Miller, Sullivan, & Vanderver, 1983, p. 83). The major municipal and industrial facility executives in Tennessee were in agreement that their systems were effective in achieving compliance with the administrative requirements of the permit. The researcher recommended future research to identify specific problems resulting from the administrative requirements of the NPDES permit and replications of the study nationally.
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Chin, Nora. "Investigating the Correlation between Freeway Service Levels and Freeway Service Patrol Assists." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1453.
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The Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s (MTC) Freeway Service Patrol’s highway motorist response service is reporting a reduction in their service levels. We analyze the relationship between the reduction in the Bay Area Freeway Service Patrol’s (FSP) motorist assists and changes in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), California Highway Patrol (CHP) reported incidents, and cover research on the impact of new and old vehicle fleet turnover. VMT and CHP incidents have differential effects on FSP assists. Although incidents occurring on freeways with high traffic flows tend to cause more congestion, the trend in local VMT along Bay Area freeway corridors does not share a strong correlation with FSP assists. Through a chi-square test, bivariate correlation and cross tabulation, we can see a relationship and pattern between FSP assists, incidents and VMT. Further analysis into the dispersion of assists, incidents and VMT show that the distribution of the FSP assists over CHP reported incidents is not perfectly equal. By analyzing VMT, CHP reported incidents and research around new vehicle fleet turnover affecting FSP assisted-incidents, Metropolitan Transportation Commission staff can systematically improve the FSP operational model; strategize ways to improve service on needier freeway corridors, while reducing unnecessary service in other regions.
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Kanchev, Hristiyan. "Gestion des flux énergétiques dans un système hybride de sources d’énergie renouvelable : Optimisation de la planification opérationnelle et ajustement d’un micro réseau électrique urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0001/document.
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L’objectif est de développer un algorithme de gestion énergétique d’un parc de production comprenant de la production distribuée sous forme de micro turbines à gaz et de générateurs PV pilotables dits «actifs » en vue de minimiser le coût économique et environnemental. Les principes généraux de la production d’électricité à base d’énergie renouvelable et non renouvelable sont d’abord présentés et le fonctionnement actuel des réseaux électriques est rappelé pour situer les innovations attendues dans les futurs réseaux dits intelligents. Ensuite, un algorithme de suivi du point de puissance maximale et de puissance limitée dans un générateur actif PV est présenté. La modélisation des micro-turbines à gaz est aussi présentée. La contribution principale concerne la conception d’une planification opérationnelle des moyens de production la veille pour le lendemain à partir de prédictions de la charge et de la production PV en utilisant une programmation dynamique adaptée. La méthode proposée prédétermine le profil de production des générateurs de manière à réaliser une optimisation globale d’une fonction objective pour un réseau électrique urbain. Pour l’exploitation, un algorithme d’ajustement est proposé et intervient toutes les ½ heures de manière à prendre en compte les déviations par rapport aux prédictions en utilisant un réseau de communication. Un micro réseau urbain est utilisé pour tester les algorithmes de gestion implantés dans un superviseur interfacé à un simulateur temps réel. Des comparaisons dans des situations identiques avec différentes fonctions objectives sont réalisées ainsi que des évaluations économiques et environnementales à l’aide d’indicateursThe presented research works aim to develop an energy management system for a cluster of distributed micro gas turbines and controllable PV generators called «active generators». The general principles of electricity generation from renewable and non-renewable energy sources are first presented. The operation of actual electric grids is also recalled in order to highlight the challenges and expected innovations in future Smart Grids. Then, the integration of a novel method for maximum and limited power point tracking in a PV-based active generator is presented. The modeling of micro-gas turbines in a microgrid energy management system is also presented. The main contribution of this thesis concerns the design of an operational planning of generators one day ahead by the means of a dynamic programming-based algorithm, taking into account the PV power production and the consumption forecasts. The proposed method calculates the production planning of generators by performing a global optimization of an objective function. An adjustment algorithm is proposed and executed every ½ hours through a communication network in order to take into account the uncertainty in forecasted values. An urban microgrid is used for testing the developed algorithms through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) with hardware-in-the-loop and real-time simulations. Comparisons of the microgrid operation in identical situations with different objective functions are performed, as well as evaluations of economic and environmental indicators
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Heeren, Larissa Requa. "Recommendations for Economic Development in Guadalupe, CA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/571.
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It is recommended that the City of Guadalupe prepare and implement a small-scale business expansion and retention program using existing service providers in the area. This type of program model seems to hold the most potential for Guadalupe. A mixed-methods approach including in-depth cases studies of existing economic development programs and an analysis of opportunities and constraints in Guadalupe informs a set recommendations for future economic development in the City. Data was collected in three phases: short interviews with a variety of economic development program staff, short interviews with Guadalupe business owners and City officials and in-depth interviews with staff from five selected case-study programs.
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Boudreau, Danielle L. "Fifty Years of Weathering the Storm: Are the Louisiana Gulf Coastal Parishes Prepared for Another Major Hurricane?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1902.
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This study examines ten major storms that have affected Louisiana in the last fifty years, beginning with Hurricane Betsy in 1965. The goal is to determine if the nine coastal parishes are prepared adequately for another major hurricane impact. It examines storms that have affected the state physically, in terms of property and ecological damages. It also considers storms that provided non-physical influences, by way of mitigation policy changes and social, economical, ecological, and political policy alterations. The main focus is on the transformations, if any, of social vulnerability in light of emergency preparedness in the areas impacted, particularly along the Louisiana coast. I argue that, while the State has come a long way, Louisiana is not currently prepared adequately to handle another major storm by 2015. Furthermore, I offer recommendations for improvement in preparedness measures for the future.
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Brulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
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Pour accompagner le développement des fermes urbaines professionnelles et des circuits courts et de proximité dans les grandes métropoles, nous proposons des outils à base de programmes mathématiques d'aide à la conception de fermes maraîchères diversifiées ciblant les demandes de différents types de clients en fruits et légumes frais locaux. Les solutions techniques de culture en ville se développent rapidement, mais compte-tenu des contraintes fortes de la production agricole urbaine (foncier limité, coûts opérationnels élevés), la définition de modèles économiques viables pour des fermes pérennes est un vrai défi pour les maraîchers urbains. Trois modèles en programmation linéaire mixte sont présentés et confrontés aux résultats du terrain : un modèle de dimensionnement stratégique annuel, un modèle de sélection de la meilleure combinaison de clients et un modèle de dimensionnement stratégique pluri-annuel des fermes maraîchères. Des résultats numériques et les performances des modèles sont présentés à partir de cas concrets multi-produits, multi-techniques et multi-périodes. Nos contributions résident dans la prise en compte de la périssabilité des produits frais dans le dimensionnement stratégique des systèmes de production, incluant le dimensionnement de la main d’œuvre agricoleTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing
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Miller, Ryan J. "Implementing Green Roofs on Movie Theaters and Shopping Centers: Business Cases in Profitable Sustainability." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/99.
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This thesis presents the business case for installing green roofs on movie theaters and shopping centers. These businesses can then derive increased profits from the environmental benefits of reduced energy use and increased stormwater retention. After presenting the basic design and benefits of a green roof, the thesis develops stand-alone business plans for a movie theater and shopping center. The author finds that green roofs are a profitable sustainability solution for the commercial enterprise.
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Chichì, Marco. "Sustainable urban planning: parameters to the operational process." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15573.
Full textAbstract:
In modern society, energy consumption and respect for the environment have become essential aspects of urban planning. The rising demand for alternative sources of energy, coupled with the decline in the construction sector and material usage, gives the idea that the thinking on modern cities, where attention is given to reduced energy consumption, savings, waste recycling and respect for the surrounding environment, is being put into practice. If we examine development of the city over recent centuries, by means of the theories of the most famous and influential urban planners, it is possible to identify the major problems caused by this type of planning. For this reason, in recent urban planning the use of systems of indicators that evaluate and certify land environmentally and energetically guides the master plan toward a more efficient city model. In addition the indicators are targeted on key factors determined by the commissioner or the opportunities the territory itself provides. Due the complexity of the environmental mechanics, the process of design and urban planning has become a challenging issue. The introduction of the indicators system has made it possible to register the life of the process, with a spiral route that allows the design itself to be refined. The aim of this study, built around the creation of a system of urban sustainability indicators that will evaluate highly eco-friendly cities, is to develop a certification system for cities or portions of them. The system will be upgradeable and objective, will employ real data and will be concerned with energy production and consumption.