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Kerekes, Attila, and András Zöld. "Consideration of Operative Temperature in Design and Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.438.
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In order to provide appropriate thermal conditions current national regulations prescribe operative temperature as the base of design and operation. In simplified calculation procedure prescribed operative temperature can be provided using a corrected air temperature. Interrelation of operative and indoor air temperature has been investigated in function of overall heat loss coefficient and glazed ratio. Based on regression analysis necessary corrections in function of the above parameters are investigated, the consequences of neglected Mean Radiant Temperature are analysed. Operative temperature represents a control problem, too: disregarding the sensor itself its position in the room, the uneven distribution of radiant field in one room and in the rooms of a flat requires compromises. The possible solutions, their pros and cons are presented.
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Dzialowski, Edward M. "Use of operative temperature and standard operative temperature models in thermal biology." Journal of Thermal Biology 30, no. 4 (2005): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.01.005.
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Regojo, Patricia, and Molly Mohan. "602 Managing Hypothermia in the Surgical Burn Patient." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (2020): S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.228.
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Abstract Introduction It is known, hypothermia, core body temperature at or below 36oC/96.8oF, can lead to dangerous complications for burn patients. Due to loss of their protective thermoregulation, burn patients are at an increased risk of hypothermia during surgery. Findings from a Quality Assurance audit revealed burn patients were returning from surgery hypothermic and hemodynamically unstable. There was little evidence of intra-operative temperature management in the electronic medical record (EMR) or reported to the nurse upon the patients’ return from the operating room (OR). Only 73% of patients had temperatures recorded during their surgery and of those, 40% had a drop of temperature >2 degrees from their baseline. The purpose of this collaborative evidence-based quality assurance project was to improve temperature management in the operating room and prevent hypothermia in the intra and post operative periods. Our aim was to develop warming methods pre-operatively that would establish a goal for keeping the patients’s temperature within 2 degrees of their baseline preoperative temperature during surgery. Methods A literature search obtained from CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and MEDLINE from 2010–2018, provided current surgical guidelines and evidence-based practices for managing surgical hypothermia in burn patients (levels of evidence I, III, V, & VI). Recommendations from the burn unit staff for preoperative warming initiatives were listed and shared with the OR staff. Hemodynamic documentation, including core temperature, estimated blood loss, and intra-operative warming methods were monitored for twelve months after the Burn Unit Warming Protocol was implemented. Progress was reported quarterly in our Burn and Trauma Quality Committees. Results After implementing the Burn Unit Warming Protocol, temperature management of the burn patient improved. Intra-operative warming methods were initiated. Patients began returning from surgery warmer with improved hemodynamics. 96% of the patients had their temperatures recorded and managed intra-operatively. Of those patients, only 2.6% had a drop in temperature > 2 degrees from their pre-operative baseline. Conclusions Implementing a nurse-driven warming protocol from the pre-operative stage through surgery can aid in reducing post-operative hypothermia in burn patients. Applicability of Research to Practice Managing hypothermia will help reduce complications that can lead to increase morbidity and mortality in burn patients.
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Demarchi, M. W., and F. L. Bunnell. "Estimating forest canopy effects on summer thermal cover for Cervidae (deer family)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 11 (1993): 2419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-299.
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Operative temperatures of five members of the deer family under different forest canopies during summer were estimated. Sky view factors and effective leaf area indices were obtained from hemispherical photography. These were combined with radiation regime, ambient air temperature, wind speed, and other relevant factors to obtain operative temperature. Upper critical temperatures were significantly related to operative temperature in the open (r2 = 0.65; p < 0.05). To assess the thermal cover value of different canopy closures, simultaneous operative-temperature values as a function of canopy closure were estimated by simulation. Operative temperature decreased sharply with increasing crown closure up to about 30% crown closure, and then more gradually. Crown-closure values providing thermal cover under different ambient temperatures are summarized for the five deer taxa. Crown-closure classes as commonly depicted on forest cover maps correctly rank the effectiveness in providing summer thermal cover (r2 = 0.91; p < 0.05).
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BAKKEN, GEORGE S., WILLIAM R. SANTEE, and DALE J. ERSKINE. "Operative and Standard Operative Temperature: Tools for Thermal Energetics Studies." American Zoologist 25, no. 4 (1985): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/25.4.933.
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MacKeith, S. A. C., S. Frampton, and D. D. Pothier. "Thermal properties of operative endoscopes used in otorhinolaryngology." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 7 (2007): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107000734.
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AbstractObjectives:To measure the thermal properties of operative endoscopes used in otorhinolaryngological practice.Methods:A series of endoscopes of varying diameters and angulations were attached to a light source and temperature measurements taken of their shaft and tip; a measurement was also taken 5 mm in front of the endoscope tip.Results:Temperature changes took place rapidly. The amount of heat produced by the endoscopes was maximal at the tip, with larger diameter endoscopes attaining a higher temperature. Temperatures on the shaft and in front of the tip reached relatively constant temperatures independent of the type of endoscope. The maximum temperature achieved was 104.6°C for the 4 mm, 0° endoscope. Cooling occurred rapidly after the light source was switched off.Conclusion:The heat produced by some endoscopes is sufficiently great to cause thermal injury to tissues. Awareness of the temperatures produced by these endoscopes should prompt clinicians to actively cool their endoscopes during a procedure, before any thermal injury is caused.
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Polsgrove, Nicole, Madeline Zieger, David Roggy, and Brett C. Hartman. "107 Nursing Interventions in the Temperature Management of Acute Burn Patients in the Burn Operating Room." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (2022): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.110.
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Abstract Introduction The development of hypothermia in the operating room is a known risk that has been well documented in the literature. The typical surgical patient undergoing general anesthesia experiences a temperature loss of approximately 4°F without warming interventions. Burn patients are at a higher risk for hypothermia due to the greater body surface area exposure and evaporative losses related to their burn injury and length of their operative interventions. The purpose of this review is to determine the average loss of body temperature of the burn surgical patient as it pertains to total body surface area (TBSA) injury and the use of warming interventions. Methods A two year retrospective review was performed on acute burn surgical cases in our two dedicated burn operating rooms within our burn center. Data obtained included TBSA of each case, pre and post-procedure patient temperatures, maximum OR room temperature, and use of adjunctive warming interventions. The surgical procedures were categorized by percent TBSA burn of &lt; 10%, 10-20%, 21-40%, and &gt;40%. Results We identified 415 cases that were included in this review from 2019 and 2020. As expected, patients with larger TBSA involvement led to a greater temperature decline. As seen in Table 1, forced warm air devices were utilized in 67.2% of cases. In our large Burn OR suite, we utilize a heat panel that is integrated in the ceiling above the OR table. Utilization of these devices is determined by the Burn OR nurse. They are either initiated prior to the start of the case or intra-operatively if the patient’s temperature is declining and intervention is required. Mean operating room temperatures were 80.1°F in all cases with cooler room temperatures in the smallest TBSA group. Our average patient temperature decline was 1.25°F in all cases. However, in the largest TBSA group, the mean temperature loss was 2.68°F which is significantly less than the 4°F loss in general anesthesia procedures without warming interventions. Conclusions The use of elevated ambient operative room temperatures along with other warming interventions aid in the maintenance of core body temperature in the burn surgical patient. Having dedicated burn operative nurses with investment in the outcome of the burn surgical patient contributes to the overall safety and the maintenance of temperature homeostatic state.
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Dietrich, Moderator: W. Dalton, Participants: Allan Levi, and Barth Green. "ICU and Intra-Operative Temperature Management." Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management 2, no. 1 (2012): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ther.2012.1501.
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Yin, Qing, Yuqi Zhang, and Ying Liu. "Investigation on Thermal Comfort and Thermal Adaptive Behaviors of Rural Residents in Suibin Town, China, in Summer." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086630.
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With global warming, the climate is becoming hotter, even at higher latitudes. In order to clarify the thermal environment and thermal comfort level of rural residents at higher latitudes in summer, a field survey on thermal comfort was conducted in Suibin Town, China. The results show the following: (1) The correlation between the operative temperature and the mean thermal sensation score is stronger than that between the operative temperature and the thermal sensation score. Moreover, the applicability of the thermal comfort evaluation index of the operative temperature in severely cold areas was verified. The linear regression method showed that the neutral temperature is 25.1 °C and the thermal acceptable range is 22.5–27.6 °C. (2) There is a strong correlation between thermal sensation and thermal acceptability. (3) The preferred temperature in summer is 25.3 °C. Moreover, rural residents prefer cooler indoor temperatures in summer. (4) The clothing insulation of rural residents decreases with an increase in the indoor operative temperature. (5) Rural residents’ acceptance of the indoor temperature in summer is influenced by the economy, psychology, adaptive behaviors, etc. Moreover, rural residents expect cooler indoor temperatures in summer and will adapt to the thermal environment via low-cost adaptive behaviors.
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Nageswara Rao, Kudith, and Ganesamoorthy Rajkuma. "PV PANEL COOLING USING STACK EFFECT." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 13, no. 3 (2023): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.3756.
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Unsatisfactory feat of the photo-voltaic cell is solitary in every of the foremost issues among the promotion of PV technology. A vital strand changing cell performance is operative temperature of the cell. The voltage of the cell, declines near directly with a rise in the operative temperature of the photo-voltaic cell. The temperature condition on the in-operative surface of a photo-voltaic panel remains usually 22–30°C beyond the normal temperature conditions. Upon the premise concerning those issues, the potency of the photo-voltaic cell will be refined by sustaining their operative temperatures as low as possible. This paper portrays a technique of PV/solar panel cooling using convection generated by the chimney effect. This paper considers the diminution of warmth from the Photo-voltaic panel for both active and inactive conditions.
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Leo Samuel, D. G., S. M. Shiva Nagendra, and M. P. Maiya. "An analysis of operating parameters in the cooling tower-based thermally activated building system." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 9 (2017): 1175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17704276.
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Thermally activated building system is not only energy efficient but also provides better thermal comfort compared to the conventional cooling systems. In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics, a computational fluid dynamics tool, is used to simulate the performance of a cooling tower coupled with thermally activated building system for the hot and dry summer climatic conditions of New Delhi. The effects of three operating parameters, namely, temperature and inlet velocity of water and the number of cooling surfaces (area), on the performance of the system have been investigated. The results indicate that increasing the water inlet temperature from wet bulb temperature (WBT) to WBT + 6℃ would increase the operative temperature of the indoor space, a thermal comfort index, by 2℃. The increase in water inlet velocity from 0.2 to 1 m/s would decrease the diurnal average of operative temperature by 1.4℃. If only the roof was cooled, the diurnal average of operative temperature was 36.7℃. The diurnal average of operative temperature was reduced by 5.7℃ if all the building fabrics were cooled. In this case, with pipes connected in series from the floor first to walls and then to roof resulted in 2.9℃ lower operative temperature compared to that in the reverse sequence. Hence, the sequence in which the fabrics are cooled would have an appreciable influence on the performance of thermally activated building system.
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Laxton, V. P., R. Allott, S. Veluchamy, C. Boynton, and C. Walker. "Peri-operative temperature measurement. Guideline or fantasy?" Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 33 (September 2019): S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.014.
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Meek, Roger. "Null models and the thermal biology of the anguid lizard Anguis fragilis; evidence for thermoregulation?" Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 4 (2005): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806322.
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AbstractObservations were made on the behaviour and body temperatures of the legless lizard Anguis fragilis when active above ground in outdoor enclosures. The lizards were most frequently observed in partially shaded locations followed by fully shaded areas; full basking and locomotory movement were minor activities irrespective of weather conditions. Weather conditions had no significant influence on behaviour. Tests for thermoregulation using null models indicated that the main reason for movement above ground was thermoregulatory. Body temperatures were significantly higher than shade operative temperatures but lower than operative temperatures in open locations whatever the weather. Standard deviations in body temperature, employed as a measure of thermoregulatory precision, were lower than standard deviations of operative temperatures in sunny weather but not significantly different from operative temperatures during overcast weather or shaded operative temperatures during sunny weather. The limited amount of locomotory movement suggests thermoregulation was achieved through selection of appropriate microenvironments.
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Forrester, N. David, Fred S. Guthery, Steven D. Kopp, and Will E. Cohen. "Operative Temperature Reduces Habitat Space for Northern Bobwhites." Journal of Wildlife Management 62, no. 4 (1998): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802017.
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Walsberg, Glenn E., and Wesley W. Weathers. "A simple technique for estimating operative environmental temperature." Journal of Thermal Biology 11, no. 1 (1986): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(86)90020-3.
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Martín-Pascual, Jaime, Joaquín Jódar, Miguel L. Rodríguez, and Montserrat Zamorano. "Determination of the Optimal Operative Conditions for the Torrefaction of Olive Waste Biomass." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166411.
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The need for new energy sources and the problems associated with waste in the agroforestry industry are an opportunity for the recovery of this waste. For the use of this agricultural waste as energy, different pretreatments, such as torrefaction, can be carried out. Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment involving energetic densification of biomass at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 °C under an inert and anaerobic environment. This study developed a numerical model to evaluate the effect of temperature and residence time of torrefaction on biomass from olive tree waste to determine optimum operative conditions for the process. Four temperatures and four residence times, in the operation range of the process, were tested to determine the weight loss and the higher heating values (HHVs) of the torrefied sample. From these data, a numerical model was developed to infer the complete behavior of the process in the temperature range between 200 and 300 °C and in the residence time range of a few minutes to 2 h. The HHV of the torrefied sample increased at a temperature between 200 and 275 °C. However, from 275 to 300 °C, there was an HHV decrease. The effect of the residence time depended on the torrefaction temperature. At low temperatures, there were no statistically significant differences, although an increase of HHV was detected under 120 min. However, at 250 °C this effect was reversed, and statistically significant differences were not observed between 30 and 120 min. Overall, the increase of temperature in the torrefaction process reduces the residence time needed to achieve the maximum HHV. As a result, the optimum conditions of torrefaction for this biomass were, approximately, 275 °C and 30 min of residence time. This reaction yielded an optimum 5830 cal/g HHV.
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Lara-Resendiz, Rafael Alejandro, Tereza Jezkova, Philip C. Rosen, and Fausto Roberto Méndez-de La Cruz. "Thermoregulation during the summer season in the Goode’s horned lizard Phrynosoma goodei (Iguania: Phrynosomatidae) in Sonoran Desert." Amphibia-Reptilia 35, no. 2 (2014): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002938.
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Reptiles in desert environments depend on habitat thermal quality to regulate their body temperature and perform biological activities. Understanding thermoregulation with respect to habitat thermal quality is critical for accurate predictions of species responses to climate change. We evaluated thermoregulation in Goode’s horned lizard, Phrynosoma goodei, and measured habitat thermal quality at the Reserva de la Biosfera El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar, Sonora, Mexico, during the hottest season of the year. We found that field-active body temperature averaged 38.1 ± 0.38°C, preferred body temperature in laboratory averaged 34.9 ± 0.18°C and preferred body temperature range was 32.5-37.3°C. Operative temperature (i.e. environmental temperature available to the lizards) averaged 43.0 ± 0.07°C, with maximum temperature being near 70°C, and 62.9% of operative temperatures were above preferred body temperature range of P. goodei. Microhabitat thermal quality occupied by the lizards was high in the morning (7:00-10:30) and afternoon (5:50-dusk). We found that despite strong thermal constraints P. goodei was highly accurate and efficient in regulating its body temperature and that it presented a bimodal thermoregulatory pattern, being active in the mornings and in the evenings in order to avoid high mid-day environmental temperatures. Despite its thermoregulatory ability, P. goodei may be vulnerable to climate warming.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Dariusz Alterman, Adrian Page, and Behdad Moghtaderi. "The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Limits on the Air-Conditioning Loads in a Temperate Climate." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020328.
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The building industry is regarded a major contributor to climate change as energy consumption from buildings accounts for 40% of the total energy. The types of thermal comfort models used to predict the heating and cooling loads are critical to save energy in operative buildings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In this research, the internal air temperatures were recorded for over one year under the free floating mode with no heating or cooling, then the number of hours required for heating or cooling were calculated based on fixed sets of operative temperatures (18 °C–24 °C) and the adaptive thermal comfort model to estimate the number of hours per year required for cooling and heating to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort for four full-scale housing test modules at the campus of the University of Newcastle, Australia. The adaptive thermal comfort model significantly reduced the time necessary for mechanical cooling and heating by more than half when compared with the constant thermostat setting used by the air-conditioning systems installed on the site. It was found that the air-conditioning system with operational temperature setups using the adaptive thermal comfort model at 80% acceptability limits required almost half the operating energy when compared with fixed sets of operating temperatures. This can be achieved by applying a broader range of acceptable temperature limits and using techniques that require minimal energy to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort.
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Verhulst, Johanna. "Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion with high dose oxaliplatin: Influence of perfusion temperature on postoperative outcome and survival." F1000Research 2 (September 3, 2013): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-179.v1.
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Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is becoming a standard therapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Compared to systemic chemotherapy, HIPEC improves survival in patients with PC. This therapy has high morbidity rates (up to 41%). In vitro it has been demonstrated that hyperthermia has a toxic effect on malign cells. However, hyperthermia also affects normal tissue. To my knowledge, any additional effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy has never been demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this study, the effects of hyperthermia on outcome and survival were analyzed.Methods: Patients with PC from any origin who were treated with HIPEC were included in this retrospective, non-randomized study. Data on patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, features of the surgery and postoperative complications were extracted from patient files. Models predicting time to removal of nasogastric tube (TRNT), post-operative major complications, the occurrence of anastomotic leaks and post-operative survival were built, using negative binomial regression, logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression as appropriate.Results: 138 patients treated with HIPEC were included. Maximal temperature during the operation was not statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leaks or post-operative major complications. Maximal temperature during the operation was negatively associated with post-operative survival (P=0.01).Conclusion: The results suggest that hyperthermia may negatively affect survival in patients who are treated with HIPEC for PC of various origins. This study has the classical limitations of a retrospective study. Therefore, randomized trials are required to confirm the results.
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Verhulst, Johanna. "Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion with high dose oxaliplatin: Influence of perfusion temperature on postoperative outcome and survival." F1000Research 2 (October 16, 2015): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-179.v2.
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Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is becoming a standard therapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Compared to systemic chemotherapy, HIPEC improves survival in patients with PC. This therapy has high morbidity rates (up to 41%). In vitro it has been demonstrated that hyperthermia has a toxic effect on malign cells. However, hyperthermia also affects normal tissue. To my knowledge, any additional effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy has never been demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this study, the effects of hyperthermia on outcome and survival were analyzed. Methods: Patients with PC from any origin who were treated with HIPEC were included in this retrospective, non-randomized study. Data on patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, features of the surgery and postoperative complications were extracted from patient files. Models predicting time to removal of nasogastric tube (TRNT), post-operative major complications, the occurrence of anastomotic leaks and post-operative survival were built, using negative binomial regression, logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression as appropriate. Results: 138 patients treated with HIPEC were included. Maximal temperature during the operation was not statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leaks or post-operative major complications. Maximal temperature during the operation was negatively associated with post-operative survival (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that hyperthermia may negatively affect survival in patients who are treated with HIPEC for PC of various origins. This study has the classical limitations of a retrospective study. Therefore, randomized trials are required to confirm the results.
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Sun, Ninghan, Xin Ding, Jialin Bi, and Yanqiu Cui. "Field Study on Winter Thermal Comfort of Occupants of Nursing Homes in Shandong Province, China." Buildings 14, no. 9 (2024): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092881.
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The increasing population aging in China has led to a growing demand for nursing homes. The indoor thermal comfort of nursing homes affects the occupants’ quality of life, building energy consumption, and carbon emissions. This study used thermal comfort questionnaires, environment tests, and physiological parameter tests to conduct a field survey of 954 occupants (including the elderly and the adult staff) in nursing homes in Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the thermal comfort of occupants. Results showed that in Shandong Province, there was a significant difference in thermal sensation between the elderly and adults under the same conditions. The neutral temperatures for the elderly and adults were 21.7 and 20.5 °C, the comfort temperature ranges were 19.4–24.0 °C and 18.6–22.5 °C, and the preferred temperatures were 23.8 and 23.1 °C, respectively. The elderly prefer higher temperatures than adults. Personal clothing insulation was significantly negatively correlated with operative temperature. Occupants’ average skin temperature was significantly positively correlated with operative temperature and mean thermal sensation votes. Based on the simulation results of building energy consumption and carbon emissions, this paper proposes design strategies for nursing homes that balance thermal comfort and energy savings.
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Mulyadi, R., B. Hamzah, N. J. Bangsawan, et al. "Analysis of Thermal Condition of Classrooms in Suburban Area During Corona Virus Desease using Adaptive Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1272, no. 1 (2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1272/1/012007.
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Abstract This article addresses the influence of a classroom’s thermal environment on the thermal comfort of the student when windows and vents are wide open during a pandemic, following Corona Virus Desease regulations. This research was conducted quantitatively by measuring the classrooms’ thermal environments from 08:00 to 13:00 at a suburban high school. The findings indicate that the classroom’s average air temperature (Ta) was 29.80°C, with an average relative humidity (RH) of 67.71%, an average airflow velocity (V) of 0.05m/s, an average Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) of 29.67°C, and an average operating temperature (Top) of 29.72°C. An analysis was conducted using the web-based CBE Thermal Comfort Tool with the Adaptive Method, which can analyze the acceptance of thermal conditions based on operative temperature (Top). According to the analysis, it can be concluded that the thermal environment conditions in the morning in a “Comfortable” condition based on the ASHRAE-55 scale with the operative temperature (Top) are 27.37°C, the airflow speed (V) is 0.3m/s, and the prevailing mean outdoor temperature is 29.73°C. However, during the day, the ambient environmental conditions change, and the thermal comfort turns to “Too Warm” due to the operative temperature condition (Top), which is at the highest point of 31.46°C, with a prevailing mean outdoor temperature of 29.73°C, and an airflow speed (V) of 0.3m/s. It can be seen that the condition has not been able to meet the ASHRAE-55 standard, both in the 80% acceptability limit and the 90% acceptability limit range.
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Liu, Yanfeng, Lijuan Wang, Yuhui Di, Jiaping Liu, and Hao Zhou. "The effects of clothing thermal resistance and operative temperature on human skin temperature." Journal of Thermal Biology 38, no. 5 (2013): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.03.001.
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Matsumoto, Yuna, Manami Kanamaru, Phan Xuan Tan, and Eiji Kamioka. "Clarifying Optimum Setting Temperatures and Airflow Positions for Personal Air Conditioning System on Flight." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1431.
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In recent years, the demand for air travel has increased and many people have traveled by plane. Most passengers, however, feel stressed due to the limited cabin space. In order to make these passengers more comfortable, a personal air-conditioning system for the entire chair is needed. This is because the human body experiences discomfort from localized heating or cooling, and thus, it is necessary to provide appropriate airflow to each part of the body. In this paper, a personal air-conditioning system, which consists of six vertically installed air-conditioning vents, will be proposed. To clarify the setting temperature of each vent, the airflow around the passenger and the operative temperature of each part of the body is investigated using fluid simulation. In the simulation, the ideal temperature for each part of the body is defined and compared with the operative temperature to verify how close both temperatures are, resulting in determining the ideal setting temperature. The simulation result shows, that most parts of the body reach their ideal temperatures. In addition, the optimum setting temperature and position of each air-conditioning vent, which contribute to maintaining the thermal comfort of the human body on the plane, is clarified.
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Kerekes, Attila. "Effect of Glazed Ratio on Indoor Comfort and Energy Need for Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.183.
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According to the current national regulations appropriate operative temperature must be provided in premises. Nevertheless simplified calculation methods of heating built-in capacity and energy need for heating are based on indoor air temperature: to have the same output in function of operative temperature requires a series of iteration or dynamic simulation. Experience in existing buildings shows that higher glazed ratio is accompanied by decreasing Mean Radiant Temperature to be counterbalanced with higher indoor air temperature in order to keep the prescribed operative temperature. Nevertheless, in well insulated buildings this effect is weaker. Moreover, it turns into opposite: high Mean Radiant Temperature should be compensated with lower indoor air temperature which considerably decreases the heat loss – especially the ventilation heat loss. Energy need for heating of a sample building is analysed in the function of thermal insulation, glazed ratio and thermal mass.
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Kaitlin M. Flannery, Jean C. Uwimana, Cesarie Nikuze, Jean B. Uwineza, and Ana M. Crawford. "Assessment of intraoperative temperature management at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali: A quality improvement project." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (2021): 097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.1.0502.
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Background: Due to the inhibition of thermoregulation by anesthetics, hypothermia occurs in 50% of patients undergoing general and neuraxial anesthesia without active warming. High-quality research has shown the negative effects of intraoperative hypothermia including increased rates of surgical site infections, increased hospital length of stay, increased cardiac morbidity and increased rate of transfusion. The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali commonly known as CHUK is the largest public referral hospital in Rwanda. The International Standards for Safe Anesthesia were not being met regarding intraoperative temperature management at CHUK. However, due to high ambient temperature in the operating room, it was unknown if this was a significant problem and worth investment, in a health system, with limited resources. Methods: After institutional review board approval, a two-stage descriptive cross-sectional quality improvement project was performed. The first stage was to assess current management of intra-operative temperature, determine if there was a significant rate of hypothermia and establish risk factors for developing intra-operative hypothermia in this clinical setting. The second stage was to determine if locally available warming techniques, an underbody warming blanket, significantly reduced the incidence of intra-operative hypothermia. Results: The primary result of the study was a 58% incidence of hypothermia with current standard practice. This was reduced to 6% with the use of an underbody water blanket. Temperature was measure intraoperatively in only 6% of cases and never documented. Adult patients and patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia were more likely to experience hypothermia. Conclusions: Intraoperative hypothermia is common at CHUK despite high ambient operating room temperature. Monitoring and documentation of temperature is not occurring on a regular basis. The use of underbody water body, though not the gold standard for intraoperative warming, was effective in this study and a realistic solution in an environment with limited resources.
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Kaitlin, M. Flannery, C. Uwimana Jean, Nikuze Cesarie, B. Uwineza Jean, and M. Crawford Ana. "Assessment of intraoperative temperature management at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali: A quality improvement project." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (2021): 097–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4533788.
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Background: Due to the inhibition of thermoregulation by anesthetics, hypothermia occurs in 50% of patients undergoing general and neuraxial anesthesia without active warming. High-quality research has shown the negative effects of intraoperative hypothermia including increased rates of surgical site infections, increased hospital length of stay, increased cardiac morbidity and increased rate of transfusion. The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali commonly known as CHUK is the largest public referral hospital in Rwanda. The International Standards for Safe Anesthesia were not being met regarding intraoperative temperature management at CHUK. However, due to high ambient temperature in the operating room, it was unknown if this was a significant problem and worth investment, in a health system, with limited resources. Methods: After institutional review board approval, a two-stage descriptive cross-sectional quality improvement project was performed. The first stage was to assess current management of intra-operative temperature, determine if there was a significant rate of hypothermia and establish risk factors for developing intra-operative hypothermia in this clinical setting. The second stage was to determine if locally available warming techniques, an underbody warming blanket, significantly reduced the incidence of intra-operative hypothermia. Results: The primary result of the study was a 58% incidence of hypothermia with current standard practice. This was reduced to 6% with the use of an underbody water blanket. Temperature was measure intraoperatively in only 6% of cases and never documented. Adult patients and patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia were more likely to experience hypothermia. Conclusions: Intraoperative hypothermia is common at CHUK despite high ambient operating room temperature. Monitoring and documentation of temperature is not occurring on a regular basis. The use of underbody water body, though not the gold standard for intraoperative warming, was effective in this study and a realistic solution in an environment with limited resources.
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Kalmár, F. "Interrelation between glazing and summer operative temperature in buildings." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 1 (2016): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2016.7.1.7.
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Nowadays large transparent surfaces are widely used in office and public buildings. The positive effect of great views and natural light on people’s comfort is well known, but the high glazed ratio of building facades can lead to excessively high cooling energy demands. The heat load can be reduced by using glazing with high reflexion coating outwards and low emission coating inwards, triple panes and inert gas between the panes. Choosing proper thermal mass can further help in reducing the amplitude of the indoor operative temperature. In this paper the effects of solar factor of glazing, heat transfer coefficient of windows, windows area and thermal mass were analysed in an imaginary room with 3.0×4.0×2.8 m dimensions. As the results show the effect of the overall heat transfer coefficient is negligible. The effect of solar factor depends on the orientation. The expected differences between the amplitudes of the operative temperature are between 0.5 to 6 K for the analyzed room, depending on the thermal mass, orientation, solar factor and window area.
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Oliveti, Giuseppe, Natale Arcuri, Marilena De Simone, and Roberto Bruno. "Solar heat gains and operative temperature in attached sunspaces." Renewable Energy 39, no. 1 (2012): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.010.
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Kyaw Tha Paw U. "Mathematical analysis of the operative temperature and energy budget." Journal of Thermal Biology 12, no. 3 (1987): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(87)90009-x.
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Kurosawa, H. "Stabilized zirconia-based NOx sensor operative at high temperature." Solid State Ionics 79 (July 1995): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(95)00084-j.
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Lyson, Tomasz, Andrzej Sieskiewicz, Andrzej Sobolewski, et al. "Operative field temperature during transnasal endoscopic cranial base procedures." Acta Neurochirurgica 155, no. 5 (2013): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1674-4.
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Chandler, Charles F., John S. Lane, Peggy Ferguson, Jesse E. Thompson, and Stanley W. Ashley. "Prospective Evaluation of Early versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis." American Surgeon 66, no. 9 (2000): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480006600921.
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Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is known to be safe in the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC), the optimal timing of laparoscopic intervention remains controversial. The objective of this study is to prospectively compare the safety and cost effectiveness of early versus delayed LC in AC. Our study population consisted of 43 patients presenting with AC (localized tenderness, white blood cell count >10.0 or temperature >38.0° C, and ultrasound confirmation) who were prospectively randomized to early versus delayed LC during their first admission. Exclusion criteria included a history of peptic ulcer disease or evidence of gallbladder perforation. All patients were treated with bowel rest and antibiotics (piperacillin 2 g intravenous piggyback every 6 hours). Early treatment patients underwent LC as soon as the operating schedule allowed. Delayed treatment patients received anti-inflammatory medication (indomethacin 50 mg per rectum every 12 hours) in addition to bowel rest and antibiotics and underwent operation after resolution of symptoms or within 5 days if symptoms failed to resolve. Early LC was performed in 21 patients, whereas 22 patients underwent delayed LC. There was no difference in age, temperature, or white blood cell count on admission between groups. Early LC slightly reduced operative time and conversion rate. There was no difference in complications. Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in those receiving early LC. There was also a significant reduction in total hospital stay and hospital charges with early LC. We conclude that delay in operation combined with anti-inflammatory medication showed no advantage with regard to operative time, conversion, or complication rate. Furthermore, early laparoscopic intervention significantly reduced operative blood loss, hospital days, and hospital charges.
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KACZMARCZYK, Jan, Joanna FERDYN-GRYGIEREK, and Andrzej BARANOWSKI. "THE IMPACT OF BUILDING PARAMETERS AND WAY OF OPERATION ON THE OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE IN ROOMS." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 11, no. 2 (2018): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-028.
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Csáky, I., and M. Lakatos. "Heat storage effect of the operative temperature in PASSOL laboratory." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, no. 3 (2019): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2019.0030.
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In different Comfort Standards, for different building functions the requirements for summer and also for winter period differ. The operative temperature is one of these parameters, which in different Comfort Standards for summer-winter period specifies the building's comfort category. This paper presents the results of measurement of the operative temperature in PASSOL laboratory with different heat storage and using night ventilation.
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KESİMAL, Gül, Leyla KAZANCIOĞLU, Hizir KAZDAL, Şule BATÇIK, and Tolga KOYUNCU. "THE EFFECTS OF MINIMAL, LOW AND HIGH FLOW ANESTHESIA ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND TISSUE OXYGENATION IN NASAL SURGERIES." Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 24, no. 1 (2023): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1072254.
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OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative high fresh gas flow may cause Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH). For this reason, low and minimal flow anesthesia methods that improve the anesthesia climate are applied. We aimed to investigate the effects of minimal, low and high flow anesthesia on body temperature and tissue oxygenation in patients undergoing elective nasal surgery.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study included 92 patients aged 18-60 years, ASA1-2 operation time 1-4 hours, scheduled for elective nasal surgery under hypotensive anesthesia. The patients were divided into Group 1 (0.5Lmin-1), Group 2 (1Lmin-1) and Group 3 (2 Lmin-1). Demographic and operative data of the patients, preoperative waiting room temperature, intraoperative operating room temperature, intraoperative body temperature, anesthesia breathing circuit humidity and temperature, tissue oxygen saturation, 0th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150thmin and postoperative shivering, Aldrete score, room temperature and body temperatures in the recovery unit were recorded.RESULTS: Perioperative hypothermia developed in all patients (p=0.001). Tympanic temperatures were similar in all three groups (p&gt;0.05). In the subgroup comparison, it was found that the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) 60 th min value of Group1 was higher than Group 2 (p=0.046). It was found statistically significant that the StO2 90 th min value of Group1 was higher than that of Group 2 and 3 (p=0.013, p=0.013). It was statistically significant that the StO2 120th min value of Group1 was higher than Group 3 (p=0.008).In Group1, postoperativeAldrete score was found to be significantly higher than the other two groups(p=0.002, p=0.002). A correlation was found between operating room temperature, postoperative recovery room temperature, and body temperature(r=.446, p&lt;0.05;r=.531, p&lt;0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia developed in all patients who underwent elective nasal surgery with hypotensive anesthesia in minimal, low and high flow anesthesia applications. It was observed that body temperatures, humidity and the temperature of the anesthesia period were similar in all groups. Tissue oxygen saturation was higher in the minimal flow anesthesia group and Aldrete score was higher in the postoperative recovery unit. Minimal flow anesthesia applications can be a good alternative to prevent IPH. However, we think that more studies are needed for the effects of low-flow anesthesia techniques at the tissue level.
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Shrestha, Mishan, and Hom Bahadur Rijal. "Investigation on Summer Thermal Comfort and Passive Thermal Improvements in Naturally Ventilated Nepalese School Buildings." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031251.
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Students require a comfortable thermal environment for better academic learning and health in general. In Nepal, the majority of school buildings are constructed using local materials, but little consideration is provided to the thermal environment required for comfort. Therefore, this study demonstrates the advantages of using passive design measures through a simulation that can be used either in the early stages or as a retrofit to determine how the building performs in terms of comfort and the thermal environment. First, the thermal environment of school buildings and thermal comfort of students were evaluated through field surveys. Subsequently, a simulation was performed to investigate the operative temperatures in the classroom of a school building in Kathmandu. DesignBuilder software was used to create the base model and the simulated operative temperature was validated using the measured globe temperature. Subsequently, passive strategies, such as natural ventilation, insulation, and thermal mass, were applied and analysed. The field survey showed that the indoor globe and outdoor air temperatures were correlated, and the students perceived a hotter environment and preferred a cooler environment. Within this context, the average comfort temperature was 26.9 °C. The simulation results showed that the operative temperature was reduced to below 27 °C with a maximum reduction of 3.3 °C due to the integrated design impact, which is within the comfortable limit required during school hours. This study helps to design Nepalese school buildings in a better way by considering passive design strategies during architectural design to make classrooms more thermally comfortable.
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Tomkinson, A., D. G. Roblin, S. M. Quine, and P. Flanagan. "Tympanic thermometry and minor ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 5 (1996): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510013395x.
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AbstractInfra-red tympanic thermometry is a relatively new technique for measuring body temperature which requires the minimum of co-operation and is quick and easy to use. It is therefore ideal for use in children. Its use is becoming more widespread and as it is theoretically possible that minor ear surgery may interfere with function its reliability in these patients may be in question.Twenty-two children (mean age 5.3 years) who underwent myringotomy ± grommet insertion had the tympanic temperature of each ear measured immediately before, and 15 minutes after, surgery on the recovery ward. No difference was found between the pre- and post-operative temperatures (mean difference – 0.1°C, p>0.1, paired t-test, hypothesized difference of 0).This thermometer appears to be a reliable way of monitoring body temperature on a paediatric ENT recovery ward in patients who have undergone minor ear surgery.
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Won, Sangho, Daniel J. Phillips, Marc Walker, and Matthew I. Gibson. "Co-operative transitions of responsive-polymer coated gold nanoparticles; precision tuning and direct evidence for co-operative aggregation." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 34 (2016): 5673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb01336h.
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Faria, Luciano Caruggi de, Marcelo de Andrade Romero, César Porras-Amores, Lucia Fernanda de Souza Pirró, and Paola Villoria Saez. "Prediction of the Impact of Air Speed Produced by a Mechanical Fan and Operative Temperature on the Thermal Sensation." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020101.
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Natural ventilation associated with a mechanical fan is a feasible strategy to enhance thermal acceptability in warm weather. The ASHRAE-55 provides the increase for operative temperature proportional to the increase in air speed while maintaining thermal comfort. Conversely, the range of informed values is limited and little guidance for mechanical fans is provided. This work explores the relationship between operative temperature and air speed produced by ceiling fans, and the effectiveness to deliver thermal comfort for a wider range of values. The research method comprises transient computer fluid dynamics simulations coupled with a thermal sensation model and is divided into two stages: a calibration exercise and a parametrical investigation. Three matrices are presented for a range of operative temperatures (21.0–36.0 °C) and air speeds (0–2.5 m/s) for: Dynamic Thermal Sensation (DTS) (a computer-based seven-point index), Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, and potential Cooling Effect. When compared to the Predicted Mean Vote, the DTS overestimates thermal comfort for temperatures under 28.0 °C with increased air speed and overestimates discomfort for temperatures above 31.0 °C, even with increased air speed. Agreement is found between both scales for 28.0–31.0 °C, defining a range for the effective use of ceiling fans to provide thermal comfort under warm weather conditions.
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Gokarakonda, Sriraj, Christoph van Treeck, and Rajan Rawal. "Investigating Optimum Cooling Set Point Temperature and Air Velocity for Thermal Comfort and Energy Conservation in Mixed-Mode Buildings in India." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062259.
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In warm and hot climates, ceiling fans and/or air conditioners (ACs) are used to maintain thermal comfort. Ceiling fans provide air movement near the skin, which enhances the evaporation of sweat, reduces heat stress, and enhances thermal comfort. This is also called the cooling effect. However, AC usage behaviour and the effects of elevated air speed through the use of ceiling fans on indoor operative temperature during AC usage are not widely studied. This study investigated the optimum AC (cooling) set point temperature and air velocity necessary for maintaining thermal comfort while achieving energy conservation, in mixed-mode buildings in India, through field studies by using used custom-built Internet of Things (IOT) devices. In the current study, the results indicate a 79% probability that comfort conditions can be maintained by achieving a temperature drop of 3K. If this drop can be achieved, as much as possible, through passive measures, the duration of AC operation and its energy consumption are reduced, at least by 67.5 and 58.4%, respectively. During the air-conditioned period, there is a possibility that the cooing effect is reduced because of increase in operative temperature due to ceiling fan operation. Therefore, the optimum solution is to maintain the highest AC set point and minimum fan speed setting that are acceptable.
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Rahaman, M., Tapan Kumar Chaki, and D. Khastgir. "Temperature Dependent Electrical Properties of Conductive Composites (Behavior at Cryogenic Temperature and High Temperatures)." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.447.
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Extrinsically conductive polymer composites can be developed by incorporation of conductive filler in suitable polymer matrix. The formation of conductive network in insulating matrix due to filler aggregation at and above percolation is responsible for electrical conductivity of such composites. The present investigation deals with effect of temperature on conductive composites made from different blends of Ethylene-Vinyl copolymer (EVA) and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene copolymer (NBR) filled with particulate carbon filler. The electrical properties of these composites depend on blend composition and filler loading. High temperature (303-393K) DC-resistivity against temperature for EVA and EVA blends composites show positive coefficient of temperature (PCT effect) followed by negative coefficient of temperature (NCT effect) thus passing through a maxima which corresponds to crystalline melting temperature(~348K) of EVA phase. Further the variation of conductivity during heating cooling cycle does not coincides and leads to some kind of thermal hysteresis due to change in conductive network structure. However in low temperature region (10-300K), the resistivity is found to increase with decrease in temperature (NCT effect) and hysteresis effect is also marginal compared to that observed in high temperature region. This difference resistivity/conductivity vs temperature behavior in two different temperature zones suggests that different two mechanisms are operative in the system.
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Soudian, Shahrzad, and Umberto Berardi. "Assessing the effect of night ventilation on PCM performance in high-rise residential buildings." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 3 (2019): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119848128.
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This article investigates the possibility to enhance the use of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) as an energy retrofit measure by night ventilation strategies. For this scope, phase change materials (PCMs) are integrated into wall and ceiling surfaces of high-rise residential buildings with highly glazed facades that experience high indoor diurnal temperatures. In particular, this article investigates the effect of night ventilation on the performance of the PCMs, namely, the daily discharge of the thermal energy stored by PCMs. Following previous experimental tests that have shown the efficacy of LHTES in temperate climates, a system comprising two PCM layers with melting temperatures selected for a year-around LHTES was considered. To quantify the effectiveness of different night ventilation strategies to enhance the potential of this composite PCM system, simulations in EnergyPlusTM were performed. The ventilation flow rate, set point temperature, and operation period were the main tested parameters. The performance of the PCMs in relation to the variables was evaluated based on indoor operative temperature and cooling energy use variations in Toronto and New York in the summer. The solidification of the PCMs was analyzed based on the amount of night ventilation needed in each climate condition. The results quantify the positive impact of combining PCMs with night ventilation on cooling energy reductions and operative temperature regulation of the following days. In particular, the results indicate higher benefits obtainable with PCMs coupled with night ventilation in the context of Toronto, since this city experiences higher daily temperature fluctuations. The impact of night ventilation design variables on the solidification rate of the PCMs varied based on each parameter leading to different compromises based on the PCM and climate characteristics.
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Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, Marco Del Prete, and Giovanni Belingardi. "Battery High Temperature Sensitive Optimization-Based Calibration of Energy and Thermal Management for a Parallel-through-the-Road Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188593.
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Preserving high-voltage battery pack lifetime represents a key issue in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Temperature has remarkably major impacts on battery lifetime and implementing HEV thermal and energy management approaches to enhance fuel economy while preserving battery lifetime at various temperatures still represents an open challenge. This paper introduces an optimization driven methodology to tune the parameters of thermal and energy on-board rule-based control approaches of a parallel through-the-road plug-in HEV. Particle swarm optimization is implemented to this end and the calibration objective involves minimizing HEV operative costs concerning energy consumption and battery degradation over the entire vehicle lifetime for various ambient temperatures, driving conditions, payload conditions, and cabin conditioning system states. Numerical models are implemented that can estimate the evolution over time of the state of charge, state of health, and temperature of HEV high-voltage battery packs. Obtained results suggest that the calibrated thermal and energy management strategy tends to reduce pure electric operation as the ambient temperature progressively increases beyond 30 °C. The consequent longer internal combustion engine operation entails a gradual increase in the overall vehicle energy demand. At a 36 °C ambient temperature, the HEV consumes 2.3 times more energy compared with the 15 °C reference value. Moreover, activating the cabin conditioning system seems beneficial for overall plug-in HEV energy consumption at high ambient temperatures. The presented methodology can contribute to easing and accelerating the development process for energy and thermal management systems of HEVs.
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Das, A., S. Mitra, P. Agarwal, and A. Sengupta. "Prolonged intra-operative thermal exposure in endoscopic ear surgery: is it really safe?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 8 (2020): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120001449.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess change in temperature, audiometric outcomes and post-operative complications following exposure to different light sources during endoscopic ear surgery.MethodA total of 64 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media with central perforation and pure conductive hearing loss underwent endoscopic type 1 tympanoplasty. The patients were randomised into two groups based on the light source used: xenon or light-emitting diode. Temperature was measured using a K type thermocouple at the promontory and round window niche. Mean temperature change with respect to operating time, mean audiometric change, incidence of vomiting in the first 24 hours, vertigo and tinnitus at the end of the first week were observed.ResultsMean temperature change showed a statistically significant difference with increasing length of operating time with the xenon light source and when the two light sources were compared for a particular time interval. Mean audiometric change showed statistically significant deterioration at higher frequencies (4, 6 and 8 kHz) with the xenon light source but only at 8 kHz for the light emitting diode source. When the mean audiometric change was compared between light sources for a particular frequency, statistical significance was found at 4, 6 and 8 kHz. Post-operative complications were vomiting, vertigo and tinnitus (p-values of 0.042, 0.099 and 0.147, respectively, between two groups).ConclusionLight emitting diodes are associated with less significant middle-ear temperature rises and audiometric changes at higher frequencies when compared to xenon light sources. Hence, xenon should be replaced with cooler light sources.
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Amin, Nayana, and Roshni Ravichandran. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Peri-operative Hypothermia in Adults Undergoing Cancer Surgery – A Quality Improvement Audit." Journal of Onco-Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine 2, no. 2 (2025): 80–86. https://doi.org/10.4103/joapm.joapm_13_25.
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Background and Aims: Inadvertent hypothermia is a silent and often missed factor having many adverse peri-operative consequences affecting the cardiovascular, haematological, coagulation and immunological systems. The aim of this study was to see the incidence of peri-operative hypothermia and its associated risk factors. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in adults undergoing elective oncosurgical procedures in a tertiary cancer centre. Data on demographics, temperature monitoring, measures to prevent hypothermia, procedure details and adverse events were collected and analysed to identify independent factors associated with hypothermia. A core temperature of <35°C and a skin temperature of <34°C were considered hypothermia. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Data were collected from 450 eligible patients over a 6-month period. The incidence of intra-operative hypothermia was 22% and post-operative hypothermia was 8.7%. Hypothermia was associated with general anaesthesia and cavity surgeries for a longer duration of time. Patients with post-operative surgical complications were 91% more likely to have peri-operative hypothermia as compared to patients without complications. Patients undergoing cavity surgery were 2.3 times more likely to have intra-operative hypothermia as compared to those undergoing surface surgery cases. Conclusion: We found that complications related to peri-operative hypothermia were due to a lack of pre-operative warming and post-induction delays related to positioning and scrubbing. In addition, we could use extra active warming measures, such as under-body warmers, intra-operatively.
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Fortin, Daniel, and Gilles Gauthier. "The effect of postural adjustment on the thermal environment of greater snow goose goslings." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (2000): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-002.
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This study examines how changing from a standing to a sitting posture influences the thermal environment of greater snow goose goslings (Chen caerulescens atlantica). This was investigated by estimating the standard operative temperature of four heated taxidermic mounts (3, 10, 20, and 30 d old) exposed to various wind velocities (0-5 m/s) and ground (16-23°C) and air (0-15°C) temperatures, in three orientations (head, flank, or tail toward the wind) and two postures (sitting and standing). Changes in posture influenced both conductive and convective heat exchanges. At low wind speeds, sitting on the sand reduced the standard operative temperature of goslings, while at high wind speeds sitting enhanced this temperature index. We calculated that a net thermal gain would be obtained by sitting on cold sand at air temperatures of 5, 10, and 15°C when the wind speed exceeded 3 m/s for most orientations toward the incoming wind. However, this critical wind speed would be 23% lower following a 7°C increase in ground temperature. Our study suggests that postural changes can have important consequences on goslings' thermal environment. It also stresses the importance of considering the synergistic impact of conductive and convective heat transfer processes, when studying the impact of postural changes on thermal environments.
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Brown, Gregory P., Ronald J. Brooks, and James A. Layfield. "Radiotelemetry of body temperatures of free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during summer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 8 (1990): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-246.
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We wished to determine whether free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) would use aquatic and atmospheric basking to maintain body temperature at the mean temperature (28–30 °C) selected by snapping turtles placed in a controlled aquatic thermal gradient. Body temperatures from eight adult snapping turtles in three different lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park were monitored by radiotelemetry during July and August 1987. Mean body temperature of all eight turtles over the study period was 22.7 °C, and mean temperature of every individual was well below the reported mean selected temperature for this species. The turtles did not maintain body temperatures near the available maximum environmental temperature. The mean body temperatures of the turtles were not significantly different among the three study lakes although these lakes had different physical characteristics. Similarly, there were no significant differences, among individual turtles, between air temperatures or operative environmental temperatures recorded concurrently with their body temperatures Nevertheless, mean body temperatures differed significantly among individuals; foraging tactics, metabolic rates, and home range structure may account for these differences.
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Al Shakarchi, J., N. Inston, D. Dabare, et al. "Pilot study on the use of infrared thermal imaging to predict infrainguinal bypass outcome in the immediate post-operative period." Vascular 27, no. 6 (2019): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538119847391.
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Objectives Early bedside post-operative monitoring of infrainguinal bypass surgery is currently based on subjective clinical findings and handheld Doppler signals. Infrared thermal imaging is an objective and reproducible technique that has been proven to be a reliable and accurate method to measure skin temperature. The aim of this prospective study was to assess infrared thermal imaging as a predicting tool of bypass graft outcome in the immediate post-operative period and assess the angiosome concept. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 25 patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected and included gender, age, co-morbidities, pre- and post-operative ankle brachial pressure indices, surgery undertaken and patency of run-off vessels. Infrared thermal imaging was undertaken pre- and post-operatively to assess thermal changes to the feet following revascularisation. Results We found that an increase in temperature from pre- to post-operative was significantly associated with bypass patency. An increase in temperature was found to have a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 100%, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89% for predicting graft patency. Conclusions Infrared thermal imaging can be used to measure temperature related changes of the microcirculation post-operatively and predict bypass outcomes in the immediate post-operative period.
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Schooneveldt, Gerben, Hana Dobšíček Trefná, Mikael Persson, et al. "Hyperthermia Treatment Planning Including Convective Flow in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Brain Tumour Hyperthermia Treatment Using a Novel Dedicated Paediatric Brain Applicator." Cancers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081183.
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Hyperthermia therapy (40–44 °C) is a promising option to increase efficacy of radiotherapy/chemotherapy for brain tumours, in particular paediatric brain tumours. The Chalmers Hyperthermia Helmet is developed for this purpose. Hyperthermia treatment planning is required for treatment optimisation, but current planning systems do not involve a physically correct model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study investigates the necessity of fluid modelling for treatment planning. We made treatments plans using the Helmet for both pre-operative and post-operative cases, comparing temperature distributions predicted with three CSF models: a convective “fluid” model, a non-convective “solid” CSF model, and CSF models with increased effective thermal conductivity (“high-k”). Treatment plans were evaluated by T90, T50 and T10 target temperatures and treatment-limiting hot spots. Adequate heating is possible with the helmet. In the pre-operative case, treatment plan quality was comparable for all three models. In the post-operative case, the high-k models were more accurate than the solid model. Predictions to within ±1 °C were obtained by a 10–20-fold increased effective thermal conductivity. Accurate modelling of the temperature in CSF requires fluid dynamics, but modelling CSF as a solid with enhanced effective thermal conductivity might be a practical alternative for a convective fluid model for many applications.