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Sipe, Ann M. "Evaluation of Opercular Bones for Aging Eight Species of Chesapeake Bay Fishes." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617781.
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Baker, Edward A. "A comparative age analysis of yellow perch from Indiana waters of Lake Michigan using scales and opercular bones." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722442.
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Yellow perch, Perc4 flavescens (Mitchill), were sampled by bottom trawling and gillnetting in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan near Michigan City, Indiana during the months of June, July and August, 1988.Length-frequency analysis of trawl-caught fish revealed that fish older than age 1 were represented by a single large aggregate in monthly length frequency distributions. Opercular ages were validated by establishing that opercular bone annulus formation occurred from late spring to early summer and was completed by late July.Percent agreement of age determinations by age class between the methods ranged from 0X to 100X for males and OZ to 89X for 'Females for combined months. There was a tendency for percent agreement to decrease with increasing age in both males and females. The majority of the age discrepancies were a difference of plus or minus one year for both males and females.The body-scale length relationship was determined to be linear with data points close to the regression line for both sexes by month and for months combined. Coefficients of determination values ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 for male body-scale length regression by month with a value of 0.93 for months combined . Coefficients of determination values for females ranged from 0.92 to 0.94 by month with a value of 0.93 for months combined. Combining all data for months and sexes yielded a coefficient of determination value of 0.93 for body-scale length regression.The a-values determined for the body-scale length relationship were variable from June through August for both sexes. Male avalues ranged from 30.58 to * 44.15 monthly with a months combined value of 37.63. Female a-values ranged from 25.55 to 43.30 monthly with a combined months value of 34.83. Combining all data for months and sexes yielded an a-value of 35.78.The body-opercular length relationship was determined to be linear with data points close to the regression line. Coefficients of determination values for males ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 by month with a value of 0.96 for months combined. Coefficients of determination for females ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 by month with a value of 0.97 for months combined. The combined data for sexes and months resulted in a coefficient of determination value of 0.97.The a-values determined for the body-opercular length relationship demonstrated variability from month to month. Male a-values ranged from 9.19 to 14.47 monthly with a combined months value of 11.69. Female a-values ranged from 8.83 to 12.26 monthly with a combined value of 11.57. Combining the data for months and sexes yielded an a-value of 11.59.Growth determinations based on scale and opercular data for all aged fish demonstrated a high degree of agreement between the methods for both sexes and all age classes. No significant differences were found between 95X confidence intervals for mean length at formation of last annulus for any age class. The largest observed difference in length at formation of last annulus was 23 mm in the age 3+ females in June. Growth determined from opercular bones was found to be slightly greater than growth determined from scales in both sexes. Females grew faster than males after age 2 based both on scale and on opercular data. Monthly length increment determined from scale and opercular data was determined to be small or non-existent after age 2 for both sexes.Growth determined from scales and opercular bones for only those fish with agreed age between the methods demonstrated a high degree of agreement between methods by month for both sexes. No significant differences were found between 95X confidence intervals of mean length at last annulus in any age class. Data for months combined and sexes separate revealed that growth determinations were virtually identical between the methods. Females were shown to grow faster than males after age 2 for both methods. Monthly length increment was again found to be small or non-existent after age 2.Based on these results, it is concluded that the opercular bone method is an acceptable procedure for assessing age and growth of the yellow perch in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Since false annuli were more readily recognized in the opercular bone than in the scales and, since there was the decreasing agreement between the methods with increasing age of fish it is concluded the opercular method is probably a more accurate method for age and growth analysis in the yellow perch from Indiana waters of Lake Michigan.Department of Biology
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RICHARD, CREMIEUX ISABELLE. "Diplegies operculaires : a propos de cinq observations." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT102M.
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Feitosa, Cleia Rocha de Sousa. "ContribuiÃÃo ao Conhecimento QuÃmico - FarmacolÃgico de Plantas do Nordeste do Brasil: Luffa operculata Cogn." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8536.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoLuffa operculata (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as âcabacinhaâ. An aqueous solution from the fruit of âcabacinhaâ has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-[2Â-hydroxydocosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy-2-[2Â-hydroxyhenicosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yielded one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)nonadecanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The 1H and 13C NMR, IV and MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds.
Luffa operculata(Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as âcabacinhaâ. An aqueous solution from the fruit of âcabacinhaâ has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22 E , 24S) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22 - dien - 3 β - ol and (22 E ,24R) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22,25 - trien - 3 β - ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2- [2 ́ - hydroxydocosanoylamino] - 19 - tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy - 2 - [2 ́ - hydroxyhenicosanoylamino] - 19 - tetracasadecene) were isolated from the etha nol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22 E , 24S) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22 - dien - 3 β - ol and (22 E ,24R) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22,25 - trien - 3 β - ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yield ed one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N - (2 - isopropoxy - ethyl)nonadecanamide, N - (2 - isopropoxy - ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy - ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The1H and 13C NMR, IV an d MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds.
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Lewis, Rupert Ian. "Population genetics of the queen scallop, Chlamys opercularis (L.)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317135.
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Feitosa, Cleia Rocha de Sousa. "Contribuição ao Conhecimento Químico - Farmacológico de Plantas do Nordeste do Brasil: Luffa operculata Cogn." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11502.
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FEITOSA, C. R. S. Contribuição ao Conhecimento Químico - Farmacológico de Plantas do Nordeste do Brasil: Luffa operculata Cogn. 2011. 287 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011.Submitted by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-11-04T18:06:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_crsfeitosa.pdf: 14700049 bytes, checksum: d9b543e17db1678a5942e5ae87fd255a (MD5)
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Luffa operculata (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as “cabacinha”. An aqueous solution from the fruit of “cabacinha” has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-[2´-hydroxydocosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy-2-[2´-hydroxyhenicosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yielded one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)nonadecanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The 1H and 13C NMR, IV and MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds.
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Mercier, Martin [Verfasser]. "Traktographische Untersuchungen am frontalen Operculum des menschlichen Gehirns / Martin Mercier." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043698620/34.
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Marchesini, Roberto de Oliveira. "Estudo filogenético de representantes da subclasse Peritrichia Stein, 1859 (Alveolata: Ciliophora) com base em sequências de 18s-rDNA e caracterização multidisciplinar de Rhabdostyla inclinans Kent, 1881 (Peritrichia, Epistylididae)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4236.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
O presente trabalho amplia o conhecimento acerca da filogenia de microeucariotos ciliados (Alveolata, Ciliophora) da subclasse Peritrichia Stein, 1859 baseada em análises de sequências de 18S-rDNA e compara sistemática tradicional do grupo com a filogenia baseada em dados moleculares. A proposta apresenta ainda a caracterização multidisciplinar de uma espécie de ciliado peritríqueo epistilídeo com dados morfológicos, ecológicos e moleculares. A dissertação está dividida em dois capítulos (seções). No capítulo 1 foi realizado um estudo filogenético de representantes da subclasse Peritrichia, com inclusão de 12 novas sequências de 18S-rDNA (11 espécies e quatro gêneros - Epistylis, Opercularia, Orborhabdostyla, Rhabdostyla) obtidas de organismos coletados em ecossistemas na região Sudeste do Brasil, mais precisamente no estado de Minas Gerais. Neste capítulo foi discutida a validade de algumas famílias da subclasse Peritrichia e investigado se as principais características morfológicas usadas para definir a sistemática do grupo refletem genuína divergência evolutiva. As principais contribuições deste estudo foram: a subclasse Peritrichia está dividida em dois grandes clados; a família Operculariidae parece ser um grupo natural; a família Epistylididae é um grado e não um clado natural e, portanto, necessita de importante revisão sistemática, havendo representantes desta família se agrupando em distintos ramos da subclasse Peritrichia, os epistilídeos Rhabdostyla e Orborhabdostyla não se agruparam em mesmo clado tal como estabelecido na sistemática atual, baseado em similaridades morfológicas, 5a família Zoothamniidae é parafilética, e 6os “vorticelídeos” não constituem um agrupamento natural, necessitando de importante revisão das principais características morfológicas usadas atualmente como sinapomorfias morfológicas. No capítulo 2 (seção 2) foi realizada caracterização multidisciplinar de uma população de Rhabdostyla inclinans epibionte de anelídeos Aeolosomatidae coletada em tanques de bromélia. Neste estudo foi discutida pela primeira vez a posição filogenética de um representante do gênero Rhabdostyla dentro da subclasse Peritrichia e apresentado dados detalhados da morfologia desta população, bem como informações ecológicas sobre a relação epibiótica. As duas sequências de 18S-rDNA de R. inclinans obtidas se agruparam entre representantes da família Vorticellidae, o que refuta a classificação tradicional deste gênero como um epistilídeo (Epistylididae) baseada em caracteres morfológicos. Os resultados moleculares ressaltam necessidade de se ampliar número de sequências de espécies do gênero Rhabdostyla nos bancos de dados genéticos para melhor entendimento da filogenia de peritríqueos epistilídeos¸
This work extends the knowledge of the phylogeny of ciliated micro-eukaryote (Alveolata, Ciliophora) of Peritrichia Stein, 1859 subclass based on analysis of 18S-rDNA sequences and compares traditional systematics of the group to the phylogeny based on molecular data. The proposal also presents a multidisciplinary characterization of Rhabdostyla inclinans (Peritrichia, Epistylididae) with morphological, ecological and molecular data. The dissertation is divided into two chapters (sections). In Chapter one (section 1) a phylogenetic study of representatives of Peritrichia subclass was performed with inclusion of 12 new sequences of 18S-rDNA (11 species and four genera - Epistylis, Opercularia, Orborhabdostyla, Rhabdostyla) obtained from organisms collected in ecosystems in the Southeast region Brazil, more precisely in the state of Minas Gerais. In this chapter was discussed the validity of some families of peritrichs and investigated whether the main morphological characteristics used to define the systematics of the group reflect genuine evolutionary divergence. The main contributions of this study were: 1Peritrichia subclass is divided in two major clades; 2Operculariidae family seems to be a natural group; 3There are representatives of the Epistylididae family grouping in different branches of the subclass Peritrichia. This fact suggests that Epistylididae family is a grade and not a natural clade and therefore requires systematic review. ; 4The Rhabdostyla and Orborhabdostyla epistilids did not grouped in the same clade as set out in the current system based on morphological similarities; 5Zoothamniidae family is paraphyletic; 6vorticelids did not formed a natural group requiring major review of the main morphological features currently used as morphological synapomorphies. In chapter two (section 2) was performed a multidisciplinary characterization of epibionts population of Rhabdostyla inclinans on Aeolosomatidae collected in bromeliad tanks in Brazil. This study discusses for the first time phylogenetic placement of the Rhabdostyla genus within peritrich subclass and presents detailed morphology data for this population. Data about information of Epibiotic relationship are presented too. The two 18S-rDNA sequences of Rhabdostyla inclinans obtained clustered with representatives of Vorticellidae family, which refutes the traditional classification of this genus as a epistilid (Epistylididae) based on morphological characters. The molecular results highlight the need to expand the number of sequences of Rhabdostyla genus in genetic databases to better understand the phylogeny of epistilids peritrichs and instigate review and search for new morphological characters to be used as synapomorphy of clades that constitute Peritrichia subclass.
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CARIBÉ, Rebeka Alves. "Abordagem da abordagem da atividade biológica do extrato deLuffa operculata Cogn, (Cucurbitaceae)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3202.
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Previous issue date: 2008O uso de plantas no tratamento e na cura de enfermidades é tão antigo quanto à espécie humana. Luffa operculata Cogn. é nativa da América do Sul especialmente do Brasil, podendo ser encontrada amplamente distribuída em Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro e Ceará. Trata-se de uma planta angiosperma e dicotiledônea da família Cucurbitaceae, popularmente conhecida como buchinina, cabaçinha, purga-de-jalapa e purga-dos-paulistas. Sendo empregada na medicina popular tradicional principalmente para o tratamento de sinusite, rinite e com descongestionante nasal. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda, atividade farmacológica (anti-tumoral em roedores) e microbiologia do extrato bruto de Luffa operculata Cogn. Foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda por via intraperitoneal com observações comportamentais para cada dose administrada. Inicialmente foram observados efeitos estimulantes seguido de efeitos depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central. A DL50 determinada por via intraperitoneal foi de 3,3 mg/kg considerada muito tóxica. Na avaliação anti-tumoral de Luffa operculata Cogn. frente ao Sarcoma 180, células tumorais foram implantadas em camundongos Swiss (Mus musculus) fêmeas sadias. Os animais divididos em grupos de seis, foram tratados com solução fisiológica 0,9%, metotrexato (10 mg/kg) e do extrato bruto de Luffa operculata Cogn. nas doses de 0,3; 0,6 e 1,0 mg/kg. Os animais tratados coma maior dose do extrato obtiveram índice de inibição significativa de 61,7% quando comparado com o grupo controle. Para os animais tratados com metotrexato (10 mg/kg) a inibição foi de 95,4%. Na análise microbiológica foram realizadas avaliações das atividades antimicrobiana da Luffa operculata Cogn. contra espécimes bacterianas e fúngicas da origem clínica e de coleção. Os ensaios foram realizados, através do método de difusão em meio sólido, incubados em uma temperatura de 35±2º C durante 24-48 horas para espécimes bacterianas, e 28±30 durante 4-14 dias para espécies fônicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato de Lufa operculata Cogn. apresenta a atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis. Embora seja considerada muito tóxica a Luffa operculata apresentou inibição tumoral em neoplasias maligna em tumor de tecido conjuntivo com perspectivas para novas investigações em outros processos neoplásicos
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Skipnes, Bruna Iannone. "Prevalence of fin erosion, shortened operculum and lesions in farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26985.
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The aim of the study was to study the ocurrence of fin erosion, opercular deformities and body lesions in a smolt Production cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in relation to environmental parameters and features.
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Mazzola, Laure. "ROLE DU CORTEX OPERCULO-INSULAIRE DANS LA SOMESTHESIE ET LA DOULEUR CHEZ L'HOMME." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793586.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de préciser le rôle du cortex operculo-insulaire dans la somesthésie et la douleur chez l'Homme à l'aide d'études réalisées par stimulations électriques intracérébrales et en IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf). Deux secteurs fonctionnels distincts ont été mis en évidence; d'une part l'insula dont 60% des stimulations induisent des réponses somato-sensitives dont 10% sont douloureuses, où il existe une localisation préférentiellement postérieure des sites de stimulation donnant lieu à une réponse douloureuse et un décrément antéro-postérieur du seuil de déclenchement d'une réponse douloureuse, dont les champs récepteurs couvrent de larges surfaces cutanées, et où les réponses douloureuses ont une organisation somatotopique grossière ; d'autre part l'aire SII dont la stimulation induit quasi exclusivement des réponses somato-sensitives dont 10% sont douloureuses, sur des surfaces cutanées plus restreintes. SII et l'insula postérieure sont les deux seules régions corticales dont la stimulation est capable d'induire une sensation douloureuse. Une ségrégation fonctionnelle au sein de SII et de l'insula a été montrée en IRMf, par l'existence de patterns spécifiques d'activation pour chaque modalité sensitive, comprenant des sous- régions dont l'activation semble spécifique de la sensation douloureuse. Ceci confère à ces régions une originalité toute particulière au sein de la matrice douleur, puisqu'il semble qu'elles seules puissent activer le réseau fonctionnel des aires impliquées dans la sensation douloureuse et ainsi permettre 'l'expérience' de la douleur.
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Mazzola, Laure. "Rôle du cortex operculo-insulaire dans la somesthésie et la douleur chez l'homme." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10208/document.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de préciser le rôle du cortex operculo-insulaire dans la somesthésie et la douleur chez l'Homme à l'aide d'études réalisées par stimulations électriques intracérébrales et en IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf). Deux secteurs fonctionnels distincts ont été mis en évidence; d'une part l'insula dont 60% des stimulations induisent des réponses somato-sensitives dont 10% sont douloureuses, où il existe une localisation préférentiellement postérieure des sites de stimulation donnant lieu à une réponse douloureuse et un décrément antéro-postérieur du seuil de déclenchement d'une réponse douloureuse, dont les champs récepteurs couvrent de larges surfaces cutanées, et où les réponses douloureuses ont une organisation somatotopique grossière ; d'autre part l'aire SII dont la stimulation induit quasi exclusivement des réponses somato-sensitives dont 10% sont douloureuses, sur des surfaces cutanées plus restreintes. SII et l'insula postérieure sont les deux seules régions corticales dont la stimulation est capable d'induire une sensation douloureuse. Une ségrégation fonctionnelle au sein de SII et de l'insula a été montrée en IRMf, par l'existence de patterns spécifiques d'activation pour chaque modalité sensitive, comprenant des sous- régions dont l'activation semble spécifique de la sensation douloureuse. Ceci confère à ces régions une originalité toute particulière au sein de la matrice douleur, puisqu'il semble qu'elles seules puissent activer le réseau fonctionnel des aires impliquées dans la sensation douloureuse et ainsi permettre 'l'expérience' de la douleurThis work aims at assessing the role of operculo-insular cortex in somesthesia and pain in Humans, using intracerebral electrical stimulations and fMRI. Two distinct functional zones were highlighted; the insular cortex on one hand, in which 60% of stimulations induced somato-sensory responses (10% painful), with a clear antero-posterior gradient in terms of localization and pain stimulation threshold, and where receptive fields were large and pain evoked sensations showed a rough somatotopic organization. The inner part of the parietal operculum (second somatosensory area SII) on the other hand, where electrical stimulation induced almost exclusively somato-sensory sensations, of which 10% were painful, in more restricted cutaneous territories. SII and posterior insula are the only cortical regions where electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensation. Functional segregation in SII and insula was found using fMRI, showing that specific patterns of activation do exist, depending on the type of somato-sensory stimulations, including sub-regions specifically activated during pain stimulation. These characteristics confer to these regions a crucial and special role, which consists in triggering the building of pain 'experience' by the pain matrix
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Bouarab, Kamal. "Bases biochimiques et cellulaires des interactions plante-pathogene dans le systeme chondrus-crispus-acrohaete operculata." Paris 6, 2000. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01114924.
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Chondrus crispus (gigartinales, rhodophycees) est une algue rouge qui se caracterise par un cycle de vie isomorphe, dans lequel le sporophyte (diploide) et les gametophytes (haploides) sont virtuellement identiques sur le plan morphologique. L'algue est exploitee pour la production industrielle des polysaccharides de sa paroi cellulaire, nommes carraghenanes, comme agents de texture. Le sporophyte contient des carraghenanes de type lambda, tandis que le gametophyte contient exclusivement des carraghenanes de type kappa, dans l'epiderme et une partie du cortex et iota dans la deuxieme partie du cortex ainsi que la medulla. L'endophyte algue verte acrochaete operculata est capable d'envahir completement la phase sporophytique de l'algue rouge, tandis qu'il ne penetre pas dans la phase gametophytique, au dela des premieres couches de cellules. Nos resultats montrent que les signaux oligosaccharidiques sont impliques dans l'interaction chondrus crispus-acrochaete operculata. Nous avons montre que la virulence de l'algue verte pathogene est mediee par la reconnaissance des oligosaccharides liberes par son hote : l'oligokappa-carraghenane inhibe la virulence d'a. Operculata alors que l'oligolambda-carraghenane augmente sa pathogenicite. La reconnaissance d'a. Operculata par c. Crispus implique aussi des signaux oligosaccharidiques. Les evenements de transduction du signal, incluant l'activation des phospholipases c et a2, des flux ioniques, des phosphorylations et dephosphorylations des proteines, de la nadph oxydase, des map kinases et de la lipoxygenase, sont induits par cet oligosaccharide d'a. Operculata. Ce signal apparait etre present dans la forme non virulente du pathogene tandis qu'il est absent dans la forme virulente.
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Szabó, Réka. "Regeneration and calcification in the Spirobranchus lamarcki operculum : development and comparative genetics of a novel appendage." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7697.
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Regeneration, the replacement of lost or damaged body parts, and biomineralisation, the biologically controlled formation of minerals, are important and widespread abilities in the animal kingdom. Both phenomena have a complex evolutionary history; thus their study benefits from investigations in diverse animals. Spirobranchus (formerly Pomatoceros) lamarcki is a small tube-dwelling polychaete worm of the serpulid family. Serpulids have evolved a novel head appendage, the operculum, which functions as a defensive tube plug and regenerates readily when lost. In S. lamarcki, the end of the operculum is reinforced by a calcareous plate; thus, the operculum is a good system in which to study both regeneration and biomineralisation. This thesis explores several aspects of these important processes in the adult operculum. First, a time course of normal regeneration is established. Next, cell proliferation patterns are described, suggesting a combination of proliferation-dependent and proliferation-independent elements in opercular regeneration. The formation of the calcareous opercular plate is examined using both microscopic observations of whole opercular plates and X-ray diffraction analysis of isolated plate mineral, revealing a large shift in mineralogy over the course of regeneration. Histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity indicates the importance of these enzymes in the operculum, although their precise functions are as yet unclear. Finally, a preliminary survey of three opercular transcriptomic datasets is presented, with a broad sampling of gene families with regeneration- or biomineralisation-related roles in other animals. The opercular transcriptome constitutes the first biomineralisation transcriptome from any annelid, and one of the first transcriptomic datasets related to annelid regeneration. Many of the candidate genes examined here display interesting behaviour and suggest targets for further investigation. The work presented here establishes the S. lamarcki operculum as a promising model system in the field of evolutionary developmental biology.
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Pompili, Mirko. "Bioactivity of extracts from extremophile microalgae Coccomyxa sp. on chloride cells in operculum tissue of Fundulus heteroclitus." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9793/.
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Microalgae have been studied because of their great potential as a source of new compounds with important value for biotechnology and to understand their strategies of survival in extreme environments. The microalgae Coccomyxa sp., studied in this thesis, is a poly-extremophile witch was isolated from the acid mine drainage of S. Domingos mine. This environment is characterized by low pH (<3) and high concentration of metals, such as copper and iron. The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the potential bioactivity in an ex-vivo animal model (Fundulus heteroclitus), and expression on selected genes, of cellular extracts obtained from cultures of Coccomyxa sp. at pH 7 without or with exposure to copper (0.6mM Cu²+). The extracts of Coccomyxa sp. cultured at pH 7 exposed to copper show a great potential to be used as epithelial NKCC inhibitors, revealing their potential use as diuretics, but did not show significant effects on gene expression. Coccomyxa sp. could be a good source of cellular extracts with a great potential to be used in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
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Miyake, Mônica Aidar Menon. ""Efeitos da infusão de Luffa operculata sobre o epitélio e a atividade mucociliar do palato isolado de rã"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-20102005-113139/.
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Luffa operculata é uma planta medicinal popularmente usada para tratamento de rinites e rinossinusites. A infusão de seu fruto seco é usada no nariz, liberando secreção mucosa profusa, mas pode causar irritação, epistaxe ou anosmia. Avaliamos os efeitos de diferentes concentrações da infusão do fruto seco da Luffa operculata na velocidade de transporte mucociliar (VTM), freqüência de batimento ciliar (FBC), diferença de potencial transepitelial (DPT) e morfologia do epitélio (microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão), no modelo do palato isolado de rã. Os resultados apontam para dano epitelial dose-dependente no epitélio mucociliar, sugerindo que ela seja potencialmente nociva à mucosa nasal humanaLuffa operculata is a medicinal plant popularly used for treatment of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Its dry fruit infusion is used into the nose, delivering profuse mucous secretion, but may cause nasal mucosa irritation, epistaxis or anosmia. We evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Luffa operculata dry fruit infusion on mucociliary transport velocity (MTV), ciliary beat frequency (CBF), transepithelial potential difference (TPD) and epithelial morphology (light and electron transmission microscopy) of the isolated frog palate preparation. Results pointed to dose-dependent epithelial damage on mucociliary epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to the human nasal mucosa
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Wilson, Ulric Anders Whitnell. "The potential for cultivation and restocking of Pecten maximus (L.) and Aequipecten opercularis (L.) on Manx inshore fishing grounds." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260340.
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Frot, Maud Gaëlle. "Réponses nociceptives et somesthésiques des cortex operculaire supra-sylvien et insulaire chez l'homme : étude électrophysiologique par enregistrements intra-cérébraux." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T028.
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Lawrence, Sara Joanne. "The feeding ecology and physiology of the scallops Pecten maximus (L.) and Aequipecten opercularis (L.) in the north Irish Sea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385130.
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Allison, E. H. "The dynamics of exploited populations of scallops (Pecten maximus L.) and queens (Chlamys opercularis L.) in the North Irish Sea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333677.
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Campbell, Allan. "The fisheries biology of two scallop species, Pecten maximus (L.) and Aequipecten opercularis (L.), in the waters around Shetland, Scotland." Thesis, Open University, 2010. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-fisheries-biology-of-two-scallop-species-pecten-maximus-l-and-aequipecten-opercularis-l-in-the-waters-around-shetland-scotland(05aefd3d-c197-4288-abe6-f3e77b9fb609).html.
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Commercial fishing for Pecten maximus and Aequipecten opercularis has taken place in Shetland since the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, respectively, with fluctuations in landings of both species during this time. Recognition of the importance that shellfish fishing contributes towards maintaining a diverse economy in a rural area, coupled with concerns in the 1990’s about the potential for overfishing, prompted by reductions in the abundance of some shellfish species, the Shetland Shellfish Management Organisation Ltd. was formed, with a remit to implement local management of shellfish stocks, where necessary. The collection of biological data was started and the completion of log books begun in 1999 and 2000, respectively, to provide data to assess the species, with a view to their sustainable management. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were determined for contemporary samples on both species and on historical samples of P. maximus. The asymptotic shell length, as a measure of growth, was examined in relation to the environmental variables of sediment composition and depth. Growth studies were carried out on juveniles to measure sub-annual growth. The gonadal condition through time in the adult stocks was assessed, changes in gonad condition were related to spawning activity by collection of spat on artificial collectors. Seasonal and spatial differences in yield of adductor muscle and gonad from experimentally derived, and commercial yield data, was analysed. The assessment of the fishery utilised fisher knowledge on the distribution of stocks. Catch Per Unit Effort and mortality rates data were calculated. The overall Spawning Stock Biomass was estimated for P. maximus using the swept area method. Long-term data from processing factories were incorporated into the fisheries assessment. The assessment indicates poor catches of A. opercularis for many years, and a recovery in abundance of P. maximus on some fishing grounds since the low catches experienced in 2000.
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Peters, Rodrigo Rebelo. "Avaliação de possíveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos na atividade antiinflamatória de produtos derivados de Wilbrandia ebracteata Cogn. e Luffa operculata (L.)." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85693.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T21:45:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 204945.pdf: 262144 bytes, checksum: db663bf54acf11b487a1120421fd357d (MD5)
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Saal, Martin [Verfasser], Katrin [Gutachter] Amunts, and Simon B. [Gutachter] Eickhoff. "Two new areas in the human frontal operculum: cytoarchitecture, stereotaxic maps and brain function / Martin Saal ; Gutachter: Katrin Amunts, Simon B. Eickhoff." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193727049/34.
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Bradley, Claire. "The first steps of cortical somatosensory and nociceptive processing in humans : anatomical generators, functional plasticity, contribution to sensory memory and modulation by cortical stimulation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10213.
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Les sensations en provenance de notre corps se combinent pour donner lieu à des perceptions extrêmement variées, pouvant aller de la brûlure douloureuse au toucher agréable. Ces deux types d'informations dites nociceptives et non nociceptive sont traitées au sein du système nerveux somatosensoriel. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons modélisé et caractérisé l'activité électrique du cortex operculo-insulaire au sein des réseaux somatosensoriels non-douloureux et nociceptif, grâce à des enregistrements non-invasifs chez l'Homme. La validité du modèle en réponse à un stimulus nociceptif a été évaluée par comparaison avec des enregistrements intra-corticaux réalisés chez des patients épileptiques. Nous avons ensuite utilisé ce modèle pour déterminer si la stimulation corticale non invasive classiquement utilisée pour soulager les douleurs neuropathiques (stimulation magnétique du cortex moteur) permettait de modifier les réponses nociceptives chez des participants sains. Nous avons montré que cette intervention n'est pas plus efficace qu'une stimulation factice (placebo) sur le plan du blocage nociceptif. Finalement, nous avons tenté de stimuler directement le cortex operculo-insulaire, par trois méthodes différentes : par stimulation électrique locale, intracrânienne et par stimulations non-invasives magnétique (rTMS) et électrique (tDCS). Dans l'ensemble, les travaux présentés ici montrent comment une approche non-invasive chez l'Homme permet de caractériser et de moduler l'activité du cortex operculo-insulaire, qui pourrait être une cible intéressante pour le traitement des douleurs réfractairesThe somatosensory system participates in both non-nociceptive and nociceptive information Processing. In this thesis work, we model and characterize the electrical activity of the operculo-insular cortex within non-painful and nociceptive networks, using non-invasive electrophysiological recordings in humans. Validity of the modeled response to a nociceptive stimulus was evaluated by comparing it to intra-cranial recordings in epileptic patients, revealing excellent concordance. We went on to use this model to determine whether a technique of non-invasive cortical stimulation currently used to relieve neuropathic pain (motor cortex magnetic stimulation) was able to modulate acute nociceptive processing in healthy participants. We show that this intervention is not more efficacious than placebo stimulation in blocking nociception. This raises questions regarding the mechanisms of action of this technique in patients, which might implicate a modulation of pain perception at a higher level of processing. Finally, we attempted to stimulate the operculo-insular cortex directly, using three different methods. Low-frequency intra-cortical stimulation in epileptic, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the same region in healthy participants and multipolar transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS).Altogether, the studies presented here show how a non-invasive approach in humans allows characterising and modulating the activity of the operculo-insular cortex. While this region might be an interesting target for future treatment of drug-resistant pain, its stimulation in patients would require further investigation of parameters and procedures
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Lee, J. B. "The development and application of a stereological gonad index used to study the reproductive cycles of Chlamys islandica (O.F. Muller) and Chlamys opercularis (L.) (Bivalvia: Pectinacea)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1650.
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Krepsky, Patrícia Baier. "Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de método para análise quantitativa de cucurbitacinas em Wilbrandia ebracteata Cogn. e Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., empregando CLAE e espectrofotometria no UV." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84918.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T13:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 194615.pdf: 1449117 bytes, checksum: 7b32c0896905368d3067998b79d0315c (MD5)
W. ebracteata Cogn. (taiuiá) e L. operculata (L.) Cogn. (buchinha-do-norte) são espécies vegetais da família Cucurbitaceae, utilizadas como medicinais, sendo que as raízes de W. ebracteata apresentam di-hidrocucurbitacina B (DHCB) como constituinte majoritário, e os frutos de L. operculata, cucurbitacina B (CB). O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver métodos para doseamento de DHCB e de CB nestas espécies, empregando CLAE e espectrofotometria de absorção no UV. DHCB e CB foram isoladas, e tiveram sua pureza determinada por CLAE. Na otimização dos parâmetros da análise por CLAE (coluna ODS, 5 mm, 150 X 4,6 mm) foram testados diferentes eluentes, fluxos e comprimentos de onda, além de eluição por gradiente e isocrática. Em relação ao modo de preparo da amostra foram testadas extrações a partir de raízes de W. ebracteata, por maceração com etanol e posterior partição com éter de petróleo (EP) e diclorometano (DC), e extrações diretas por maceração com EP e DC. Foi selecionada a extração por maceração com EP, seguida de extração com DC em refluxo, sendo o extrato diclorometânico seco ressuspenso em acetonitrila e filtrado por membrana (0,45 mm). Para a análise por espectrofotometria no UV foi necessária uma diluição 1:10 a partir do extrato utilizado na análise por CLAE. Os parâmetros selecionados para o método por CLAE foram: eluente CH3CN:H2O 40:60; fluxo de 1,2 mL/min. Tanto por CLAE quanto por espectrofotometria de absorção no UV a detecção foi realizada em 210 e 230 nm. Foi realizada uma curva de calibração, obtendo-se fórmulas para o cálculo da concentração de DHCB e CB. Foram realizados estudos preliminares de validação determinando-se a linearidade, a exatidão, a precisão intra-ensaio e intermediária, além dos limites de detecção e quantificação. A análise por CLAE se mostrou reprodutível, a precisão intermediária encontrada (em média 8%) foi considerada satisfatória por tratar-se de análise de plantas. A recuperação (em média de 77%), demonstrou o grau de exatidão do método. A detecção em 230 nm foi mais apropriada por apresentar menor interferência de outras substâncias presentes no extrato. Por outro lado tanto a precisão quanto a exatidão obtida na análise por espectrofotometria no UV foram insatisfatórias, portanto, este método precisa ser reformulado. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado na análise de amostras comerciais de taiuiá e de buchinha-do-norte. Os resultados deste ensaio mostraram uma grande variabilidade quali e quantitativa nas amostras de taiuiá, enquanto que as amostras de buchinha diferiram apenas quanto ao teor de cucurbitacinas. Frações diclorometânicas de W. ebracteata e L. operculata empregadas em ensaios farmacológicos foram caracterizadas quali e quantitativamente.
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Sawamoto, Nobukatsu. "Expectation of pain enhances responses to nonpainful somatosensory stimulation in the anterior cingulate cortex and parietal operculum/posterior insula : an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150507.
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Nance, David. "Settlement of the scallops Pecten maximus (L.) and Aequipecten opercularis (L.) and their predators : the starfish Asterias rubens L. and the crabs Necora puber (L.) and the Cancer pagurus L. on the west coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=124328.
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Ramos, Ana Sofia Abreu. "Neurosurgical anatomy of the opercular-insular region." Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134458.
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OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia da região operculo-insular, nomeadamente do sulco lateral (fissura de Silvius) e dos opérculos e a relação com os ramos da artéria cerebral média (ACM).
PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: O comprimento dos três ramos do sulco lateral e a espessura dos opérculos foram medidos em vinte hemisférios cerebrais de adultos, fixados numa solução de formaldeído. O padrão de ramificação e a origem dos ramos corticais da ACM foram caracterizados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente.
RESULTADOS: O ramo posterior foi o mais longo dos ramos do sulco lateral (p <0,001). Houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo da espessura dos opérculos no sentido ântero-posterior (p <0,001). O padrão de bifurcação da ACM foi encontrado em 85% e o padrão de trifurcação foi observado em 15% dos hemisférios. A dominância do tronco foi significativamente mais frequente na ACM direita do que na ACM esquerda (88,9% vs. 37,5%, p = 0,05). As artérias orbitofrontal, pré-frontal, pré-central, central e parietal anterior originaram-se mais vulgarmente do tronco superior. As artérias temporal anterior, temporal média, temporal posterior, temporo-occipital, angular e parietal posterior originaram-se mais vulgarmente do tronco inferior. Quando presente, o tronco médio deu origem às artérias pré-central, central, parietal anterior e parietal posterior. Encontramos ramificação precoce (early branches) em 80% dos hemisférios.
CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo contribuiu para melhorar a compreensão anatómica do sulco lateral e das estruturas localizadas na sua profundidade utilizando métodos morfométricos quantitativos. Esses novos dados podem permitir que os neurocirurgiões otimizem a abordagem cirúrgica desta região.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study the anatomy of the opercular-insular region, namely of the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) and the opercula and the relation to the branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The length of the three rami of the lateral sulcus and the thickness of the opercula were measured in twenty formalin-fixed adult brain hemispheres. The branching pattern and origin of the cortical branches of the MCA were characterized. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The posterior ramus was the longest of the rami of the lateral sulcus (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the thickness of the opercula in an anterior-posterior direction (p<0.001). MCA bifurcation was found in 85% and trifurcation in 15% of the hemispheres. Trunk dominance was significantly more frequent on the right MCA when compared to the left MCA (88.9% vs. 37.5%, p=0.05). The orbitofrontal, prefrontal, precentral, central, and anterior parietal arteries arose more commonly from the superior trunk. The anterior temporal, middle temporal, posterior temporal, temporo-occipital, angular, and posterior parietal arteries arose more commonly from the inferior trunk. When present, the middle trunk gave rise to the precentral, central, anterior parietal, and posterior parietal arteries. We found early branches in 80% of the hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributed to improving the anatomical understanding of the lateral sulcus and of the structures located in its depth by using quantitative morphometric methods. These new data may allow neurosurgeons to optimize the surgical approach to this region.
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Ramos, Ana Sofia Abreu. "Neurosurgical anatomy of the opercular-insular region." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134458.
Full textAbstract:
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia da região operculo-insular, nomeadamente do sulco lateral (fissura de Silvius) e dos opérculos e a relação com os ramos da artéria cerebral média (ACM).
PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: O comprimento dos três ramos do sulco lateral e a espessura dos opérculos foram medidos em vinte hemisférios cerebrais de adultos, fixados numa solução de formaldeído. O padrão de ramificação e a origem dos ramos corticais da ACM foram caracterizados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente.
RESULTADOS: O ramo posterior foi o mais longo dos ramos do sulco lateral (p <0,001). Houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo da espessura dos opérculos no sentido ântero-posterior (p <0,001). O padrão de bifurcação da ACM foi encontrado em 85% e o padrão de trifurcação foi observado em 15% dos hemisférios. A dominância do tronco foi significativamente mais frequente na ACM direita do que na ACM esquerda (88,9% vs. 37,5%, p = 0,05). As artérias orbitofrontal, pré-frontal, pré-central, central e parietal anterior originaram-se mais vulgarmente do tronco superior. As artérias temporal anterior, temporal média, temporal posterior, temporo-occipital, angular e parietal posterior originaram-se mais vulgarmente do tronco inferior. Quando presente, o tronco médio deu origem às artérias pré-central, central, parietal anterior e parietal posterior. Encontramos ramificação precoce (early branches) em 80% dos hemisférios.
CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo contribuiu para melhorar a compreensão anatómica do sulco lateral e das estruturas localizadas na sua profundidade utilizando métodos morfométricos quantitativos. Esses novos dados podem permitir que os neurocirurgiões otimizem a abordagem cirúrgica desta região.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study the anatomy of the opercular-insular region, namely of the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) and the opercula and the relation to the branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The length of the three rami of the lateral sulcus and the thickness of the opercula were measured in twenty formalin-fixed adult brain hemispheres. The branching pattern and origin of the cortical branches of the MCA were characterized. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The posterior ramus was the longest of the rami of the lateral sulcus (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the thickness of the opercula in an anterior-posterior direction (p<0.001). MCA bifurcation was found in 85% and trifurcation in 15% of the hemispheres. Trunk dominance was significantly more frequent on the right MCA when compared to the left MCA (88.9% vs. 37.5%, p=0.05). The orbitofrontal, prefrontal, precentral, central, and anterior parietal arteries arose more commonly from the superior trunk. The anterior temporal, middle temporal, posterior temporal, temporo-occipital, angular, and posterior parietal arteries arose more commonly from the inferior trunk. When present, the middle trunk gave rise to the precentral, central, anterior parietal, and posterior parietal arteries. We found early branches in 80% of the hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributed to improving the anatomical understanding of the lateral sulcus and of the structures located in its depth by using quantitative morphometric methods. These new data may allow neurosurgeons to optimize the surgical approach to this region.
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Santos, André Soares Nunes dos. "Opercular beat rate sensor for remote fish monitoring." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/15268.
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O consumo de bens alimentares, nomeadamente de peixes e de outros organismos aquáticos, tem crescido ao longo dos anos devido à crescente densidade populacional, que por consequência, a produção em cativeiro e/ou em ambiente controlado tem sofrido um aumento exponencial especialmente nos últimos anos, não só devido à elevada procura derivada do crescimento populacional como também para proteção das espécies selvagens.
Em ambientes de aquacultura, como todos os tipos de produção que afunilam para a otimização da produção, leia-se, produzir mais, mais rápido e em menos espaço, têm como objetivo aumentar a eficiência e consequentemente diminuir o custo de produção. Contudo, os peixes são muito sensíveis ao stress, que por sua vez está fortemente relacionado com a saúde dos mesmos. Conseguir obter informações sobre o estado de stress dos peixes é uma boa prática que permite prever ou até impedir a propagação de doenças na população. Este tipo de informações pode ser expressa pelo peixe por um conjunto de alterações fisiológicas, tais como batimento cardíaco que está relacionado com o ritmo de respiração, libertação de hormonas que podem ser medidas com uma amostra da água onde a cultura se encontra, mudanças de cor do próprio peixe, ou até mesmo mudanças comportamentais tais como alimentação e atitude (ativa ou passiva). Estas mudanças na biologia do peixe resumem-se num crescimento demorado e/ou com doenças.
O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver um dispositivo eletrónico com um sensor capacitivo para ser colocado no opérculo de um peixe de tamanho médio das conhecidas espécies Robalo e/ou Dourada, de modo a conseguir obter o ritmo de batimento do opérculo, que está diretamente relacionado com o ritmo de respiração. O dispositivo é constituído pelo sensor dois elétrodos) e por toda a eletrónica, software e firmware necessários ao funcionamento, medição e transmissão do sinal adquirido pelo sensor.
O sensor deverá enviar os dados para o sistema de receção “eZ430-TMS37157” da Texas InstrumentsTM. Este sistema (eZ430-TMS37157) é composto por um recetor, uma antena e uma tag (transponder) que comunica com o sistema recetor por Rádio-Frequência (RF).
O sistema recetor utilizado neste projeto já foi anteriormente estudado e modificado (de modo a permitir a utilização de antenas maiores e também mais potência de emissão) por Tiago João Barbosa de Almeida, no desenvolvimento da Tese de mestrado “Radio frequency system for remote fish monitoring in aquaculture”.
O consórcio responsável pelo projeto (AquaExcell 2020) definiu que o sistema teria de comunicar com o sistema recetor por rádio frequência (RFID) à frequência de 134.2 kHz, frequência normalmente usada em sistemas de identificação eletrónica interna e/ou externa para animais.
Neste projeto, foram desenvolvidos o sensor, o circuito de transmissão, firmware e software necessários para o comunicação e processamento do sinal obtido pelo sensor. Todo este conjunto compõe uma tag, que tem como objetivo substituir a tag que compõe do kit original (eZ430-TMS37157), pela tag desenvolvida em laboratório.
As experiências foram implementadas em laboratório, em aquário, com um peixe impresso em uma folha de acrílico e um motor para simular o movimento do opérculo através de ímanes, estando o sensor submerso em água salgada e colocado sobre o opérculo do peixe. O aquário utilizado tem 39 cm de comprimento, 30 cm de altura e 29 cm de largura e foi utilizado com água salgada natural proveniente da praia de Faro. Os resultados das experiências são o Opercular beat-rate (OBR) em batimentos por minuto (bpm) e o sinal ADC (utilizado para calcular a OBR).Fish health and welfare are highly correlated with the stress factor. When exposed to stress, the fish exhibits changes in behavior, growth rate, among other factors. These symptoms can be accessed using different techniques, visually (with cameras or naked eyes), or measured in laboratory (hormones quantity through water sampling), among others. This project aims to develop a capacitive sensor and an electronic device with a capacitive sensor to be placed on the fish operculum, with the ability to measure the breath-rate through the opercular movements and communicate the sensed data over RF-field at the frequency of 134 kHz, a common frequency used on animal identification. The development and analysis of the capacitive sensor and the associated electronics and software and/or firmware are the main objective of this work. The reception system used to receive the data is the “eZ430-TMS37157” from Texas InstrumentsTM. The receptor system was already modified to allow the connection of bigger antennas. The experiments were carried out with a printed fish on acrylic sheet, using a standard model from seabass or golden-bream specimens, with the aid of a motor using magnets to induce the opercular movement. The aquarium used has the dimensions of 39 cm length, 30 cm height and 29 cm width, being filled with saltwater from the local region. The experiments outputs are the opercular beat-rate (OBR) in beats per minute (bpm) and the ADC signal (used for OBR calculations).
O presente trabalho foi financiado pelas seguintes projetos e instituições: - Projecto AQUAEXCEL 2020 (Grant agreement ID: 652831) - Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), UID/EEA/50008/2020
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Shieh, Yi-Er, and 謝佾娥. "Study on Cl- Uptake Mechanism in Tilapia (orechromis mossambicus) Opercular membrane." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33996681986917941706.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
90
Abstract The propose of the present study was to elucidate the Cl- effect on the functional morphology of opercular membrane. Effects of environmental Cl- concentrations on the morphology of MR cells and the protein expressions of ion transporters and enzymes in opercular membrane in freshwater tilapia were studied. Tilapia were acclimated to 3 artificial freshwaters: Low-Na-Low-Cl, High-Na-Low-Cl and High-Na-High-Cl. After acclimation, opercular membranes were subjected to the morphological observations of MR cells using scanning electron microscopy and to western blot for examination of the protein expression of Na+, K+-ATPase, Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase. (1) One-week acclimation experiment: wavy-convex, shallow-basin and deep-hole MR cells were observed in opercular membrane. Cell density of MR cells was higher in Low-Na-Low-Cl and High-Na-Low-Cl media than those in High-Na-High-Cl medium. Wavy-convex MR cells appeared in Low-Cl media only but never in High-Na-High-Cl medium, indicating that wavy-convex type was associated with Cl- uptake but not for Na+ uptake. Shallow-basin MR cells were the dominant type in the 3 media. (2) Acute exposure experiment: tilapia were transferred from high Cl- to low Cl- environment, the numbers of 3 types MR cells increased at 6 hr (significantly different from that at 0 hr, p < 0.05, t-test), and kept increasing within 96 hr. Shallow-basin MR cells started increasing within 24 hr and maintained a higher density. Within 24 hr exposure, shallow-basin MR cells started to increase while deep-hole MR cells decrease. Thereafter 24 hr, wavy-convex MR cells began to increase. These morphological changes suggested transformations from deep hole to shallow basin and finally to wavy-convex type of MR cells during acclimation to low Cl- exposure. (3) Transporter protein expression experiment: Na+, K+-ATPase, Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase were detcted in opercular membranes of freshwater tilapia. However there were no significant differences in the expressions of these 4 proteins among tilapia acclimated to the 3 media for 1 week. Comparing with gills, opercular membranes have much less MR cells and reveal a lower sensitivity and a slower regulation upon environmental challenges, indicating to play a minor or an accessory role in the ion- and osmo-regulation of a whole fish. However, the mechanism for Cl- uptake may be similar in both gill and opercular MR cells. Therefore, opercular membrane could be a suitable model for studying ion uptake mechanisms of gills if one can consider carefully the differences between these 2 tissues as mentioned above when the experiments are performed.
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Tszng, Yi-Ping, and 曾億萍. "A Study of Behavioral Patterns and Biomechanics of Head-Tail Display in Paradise Fishes (Macropodus opercular L.)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31207855851040552641.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生物物理學研究所
99
Male paradise fishes Macropodus opercularis L. fight for territory during breeding season. During fighting a distinctive behavior, so-called “Head-Tail Display” (HTD), can be observed and characterized by the opponents following the other’s tail leading to swimming in a rotational fashion, with bodies oriented in parallel and bended in J-shape. After several rounds of HTD, the dominant fish might be determined; but previous studies never investigated the role of HTD during fighting. It is also unclear how flapping of pectoral fins might affect the motion of two fishes during HTD. In this study, I examined the behavioral patterns and kinematics of pectoral fin flapping during HTD, and assessed the physical factors that might determine the results of fighting. To this end, the fighting behaviors were recorded from the top using a regular speed DV (30 fps) and a high-speed video camera (500 fps), from which the flapping frequency and amplitude of pectoral fins were analyzed. The period of HTD could be determined quantitatively as the time between maximum and minimum angular velocity of the pectoral fins. My results show that: (1) Despite lower moving speed (0.73±0.26 BLs-1, N=20) than that of swimming (1.37±0.37 BLs-1, N=17), during HTD the flapping frequency, position, and amplitude of pectoral fins are significantly greater. During swimming, the pectoral fins flapped at 4.11±1.51 Hz, with amplitude of 30.38±3.68° from the position of 32.56±3.52°. But during HTD, the pectoral fins flapped at 8.52±1.34 Hz, with amplitude of 48.91±6.05° from 84.23±13.45°, a position farther away from the body. (2) During HTD, the flapping frequency and amplitude were not significantly different between two fishes. However, whether it started HTD earlier (the attacker, A) or later (the defender, D), the pectoral fin of the inner side (near the opponent) flapped at an angle (A: 92.06±10.94°; D: 94.45±8.73°) significantly greater than that of the outer side (far from opponent; A: 75.83±8.78°; D: 74.58±11.84°). Therefore, the inner fins flapped at an angle close to 90° would have greater opportunity to touch its opponent’s body, while the outer fins provided the force (and moment) to maintain rotational motion. (3) The dominances and submissions had similar flapping frequency and amplitude, but the dominances spent more power (0.89±0.55 x 10-4 J/s) flapping the inner fins than the submission do (0.70±0.36 x 10-4 J/s). The dominances flapped their inner fin from a position of 93.60±6.90°, making them easier to transmit mechanical signals to the opponents than the submissions do (119.04±7.40°). Furthermore, the dominances had different flapping angles between two sides allowing it to rotate; while the submissions had similar angles, both greater than 90°, for backward retreat from the HTD pairing. (4) Observations of the whole fighting periods show that in some cases, the dominance could be determined in less than three HTD events and no fish was injured; however, when HTD events were greater than eight times fishes would begin more aggressive behaviors like biting or mouthlocking, increasing the risk of injury. In conclusion, during HTD, the male paradise fishes could control flapping of their pectoral fins to adjust their motion and relative position to each other, and could also affect the transmission efficiency of mechanical signals. Hence HTD provides both functions in display and mechanical rivalry that can reduce injury from aggressive fighting.
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Tu, Pei-Chi, and 杜培基. "Schizophrenia and the Brain’s Control Network: Evidences that the Cingulo-opercular Network Is the Network Signature of Schizophrenia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86898641864356520085.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立陽明大學
神經科學研究所
99
Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder accompanied by the symptoms of auditory hallucination, delusion and cognitive impairment. Past behavioral studies have demonstrated that cognitive deficit is a core symptoms or biological marker of schizophrenia. The most studied deficit include volitional saccade, working memory and continuous performance test. These deficits have been consistently verified and may reflect the dysfunction of underlying functional neural network in schizophrenia. Therefore, investigating the neural correlate of these cognitive deficit by fMRI-related techniques have become an ideal approach to find the network marker of schizophrenia. The objective of this thesis is to search for the network signature of schizophrenia by investigating the neural substrates of antisaccade deficit in schizophrenia. This thesis includes four experiments. In the first fMRI study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the neural correlate of antisaccade deficits in schizophrenia. Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed less activation in the basal ganglion and thalamus while performing tasks, suggesting a functional deficit in the cortico-striato-thalamal network. In the second study, fcMRI was used to evaluate the functional connectivity of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex( dACC) for volitional oculomotor control during antisaccade tasks in schizophrenia. The study found that patients showed a reduced positive functional connectivity of the cingulate eye field (CEF), specifically in the right hemisphere. In the third study, a resting fcMRI was used to investigate the functional connectivity of the cingulo-opercular network in schizophrenia. The results demonstrated widespread corticostriatal disconnection within the CON of schizophrenic patients, and provided a network basis for the corticostriatal disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia. In the final study, a pharmacological MRI was used to investigate changes in grey matter volume and their association with clinical improvement after 6 months of paliperidone ER (an extended-release form of atypical antipsychotics) use in schizophrenia by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The results indicated that a region of the cerebellum, which is functionally connected to the cingulo-opercular network, significantly increased in grey matter volume after paliperidone ER, and the increase correlated with an improvement of negative symptoms. This finding suggested that the improvement of symptoms is related to improvements to the cingulo-opercular network. In conclusion, these studies suggested that functional disconnection within the cingulo-opercular network is a potential network marker of schizophrenia. The results may contribute to the neural basis of schizophrenia in several ways. Firstly, the brain’s control network, particularly the cingulo-opercular network, may play a more crucial role than the default mode network in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Secondly, the network disconnections were localized to the corticostriatal areas, which does not support the cortico-cerebellar disconnection theory of schizophrenia. Thirdly, the results also provided a link to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. The key node responsible for the disconnection is located in the rostral putamen, which is the structure that also shows a significant increase in dopamine transmission in schizophrenia patients. We hypothesize that hyper-dopaminergia in rostral dopamine is a potential mechanism of functional disconnection because of the “inverse U” relationship between dopamine transmission and cognitive or neural functions. Future studies will address the specificity of the network marker in psychiatric illnesses, and its relationship with neural transmission and genetic polymorphism.
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Lin, Shang-Tao, and 林上濤. "The chloride secretory mechanisms of the brackish medaka, Oryzias dancena: studies on the mitochondrion-rich cells of the opercular membrane and molecular expression of branchial chloride channel (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2kg2yk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系所
98
The present study elucidated that MR cells were speculated to distribute generally in the opercular membrane of the teleosts and play the roles in osmoregulation. In our results of brackish medaka (Oryzias dancena), MR cells in the opercular membrane reacted to different salinity environments similarly to MR cells in gills reported in the previous studies, including the ultrastructures of apical region, cell size and density, NKCC1a protein expression, localization of ion regulatory protein, and the way of Cl- flux. High similarity between MR cells in these two tissues indicated that studies on MR cells of opercular membrane may apply to gills. On the other hand, the transferred experiments showed that the expression of CFTR and NKCC1a-like proteins changed when SW fish were directly exposed to FW. NKCC1a-like protein vanished in slower rate with small number remained over 14 days after transfer. However, CFTR protein vanished completely in 1 day. In the opercular membrane, CFTR even decayed immediately after transfer and vanished in 1 hour. In addition, the cftr gene of brackish medaka was cloned and showed high similarity to other model euryhaline teleosts. The CFTR mRNA expression in the gill was as expected significantly higher in the SW fish than FW fish.
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Shu, Chen-Wan, and 陳琬琡. "Study on Reproduction of Paradise Fish (Macropodus opercularis)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83137981061155636255.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
94
The purpose of this research is observing the appearance of the Macropodus opercularis and breeds behavior, and inquires in to affect to cover Macropodus opercularis young fish growth of agent. Study breeding of the effect manifestation Macropodus opercularis a period invite in every year three months to November, the mature male fish will first vomit bleb nest to be used as a fertilizied egg to hatch from eggs while floating the leaf plant and just born young fish growth place, the male fish will also start to take to protect egg and protect the responsibility of young fish, until take care of the young the fish can look for food by oneself. Cover the fish of Macropodus opercularis young fish in the cleanness and the free from pollution fluid matter, have already floated a leaf plant, bottom to have a thin stone, the half the light project light upon under, temperature 10 degrees are above, the food is a general forage and plentiful year shrimp's etc. under the environment, grow situation better, the movable power is also stronger. The effect manifestation temperature raises, the male fish vomits the bleb nest number of times increment and steeps nest partition time to shorten; The female fish produces the egg number of times increment, egg to hatch from eggs time to shorten. While carrying on breeds to teach on the appliance can will female, the male fish feed in more under the heat degree raise to grow a performance, make it be breeding a season not of can breed the next generation in winter, produce more small fishs.
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Chung, Chu Ching, and 朱錦忠. "Toxic effect of common pesticide on Macropodus opercularis (Linnaeus)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06623267705862880332.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
漁業科學系碩士在職專班
91
This study investigated the toxic effect of six common pesticides (3 insecticide and 3 herbicide) on Macropodus opercularis(Linnaeus). The summarized results: 1. The newly hatched larva is the most sensitive stage. 2. Among the six pesticides, there are three applicable concentrations lower than the 24hr-LC50 of newly hatched larva; but the others are higher. 3. After exposure to the most toxic insecticide and herbicide for 24 hours, the gill lamella showed swelling, and the interstices of secondary lamella became to narrow. The microridges of epithelial cells disappeared, after 96 hours.
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Kamanzi-wa, Sylvia. "Fissures of the frontal operculum in as a South African sample." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1759.
Full textAbstract:
Faculty of Sciences
School of Anatomical Sciences
0202721m
slyviakamanzi@yahoo.comThis study primarily seeks to confirm two systems of classifying the sulci of the frontal operculum1 (F3): the radiologically derived system of Ebeling et al (1989) involving four Types of Sulcal Connections, and the anatomical classification of the anterior rami of the lateral fissure, involving three patterns. Sulcal- and intersulcal- lengths are also considered. The sample consisted of 220 cadaveric hemispheres; 65 of which were whole brains (control category); and 90 consisting of equal numbers of separate right- and lefthemispheres (case category). Specimens were orientated by examining relevant features of: the lateral fissure; the postcentral sulcus; and the central fissure. Features of the remaining boundary sulci (precentral sulcus / sulci, and inferior frontal sulcus) of F3 were also considered. The focus was on examining the: frequency of occurrence, shape, and connections of the sulci of the F3. The sulci of F3 were designated as: major sulci [anterior ascending (AAR)- and anterior horizontal (AHR)- rami, and stem of the anterior rami when present); and accessory sulci (sulci of the –pars opercularis and –pars triangularis). Sulcal lengths were measured using thread, with needles as anchors. Intersulcal lengths were recorded as straight-line distances between parallel pins inserted into the sulci of the frontoparietal operculum. Specimens fixed outside the cranial cavity were excluded from measurement. The reliability of the data was monitored, by repeating the observations. The two systems of classification were broadly confirmed. The criteria for the Types of Sulcal Connections were modified in view of the findings on double precentral sulci and the connections of the opercular sulcus (which occurred as either one or as two sulci). A sulcus of the pars triangularis (which occurred as either one, two, or as three sulci) was found to be a useful landmark. The Chi-square test was applied to the data in the two systems of classification. There were no significant interhemispheric differences with respect to the incidences of: Types 1-4 of Sulcal Connections, or Patterns of the Anterior Rami (I, Y, and VU). Sulcal lengths were similar to that reported by Ono et al (1990). The Student t-test was applied to sample sizes 18 and above. No significant interhemispheric differences, in the lengths of the sulci that were considered, were found. A significant 1 The definition of the frontal operculum as the inferior frontal gyrus only, is used for the purposes of this study. The frontal operculum may also be abbreviated as F3. v difference was found in two instances when comparing the case- and control- categories. Intersulcal distances are reported on in the frontal- and frontoparietal- operculum.
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Lo, Wen-Chang, and 駱文章. "Toxic effect of common environment pesticide （Synthetic Pyrethroid）on Macropodus opercularis﹙Linnaeus﹚." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61743846427555533804.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
93
In order to understand the effect on the use of synthetic pyrethroid as environmental health drug to aquatic animals, this study is to investigate the acute and chronic toxic action of deltamethrin and its pathologic histology on Macropodus opercularis. The results indicate that the LC50 of deltamethrin for 24 hour is 0.12ppm. After the chronic treatment of deltamethrin for 7 weeks with two sub-acute concentrations, 0.03 and 0.05ppm, the pathologic effect appeared that the squamous epithetlial cells of the cornea became thinner and the gill lamella became swelling. Although Macropodus opercularis were put into clean water for a long period of time after challenge by deltamethrin, they can not recover well All of the results may demonstrate that the acute toxicity is strong. Keyword: synthetic pyrethroid, Macropodus opercularis, half lethal concentration（LC50）, sub-acute toxicity
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Chiang, Ting-Hsuan, and 江亭萱. "Light and Electron Microscopic Study on the Testis of Paradise Fish, Macropodus opercularis." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40740513526796461808.
Full text
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Wang, Ming-Chen, and 王敏真. "The strategies of energy homeostasis under hypoxic and warming stresses in Macropodus opercularis." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30036161406114621599.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
生命科學系
103
As global warming and eutrophication become increasingly severe, fish have to confront the challenges of lower dissolved oxygen levels and an increased oxygen demand resulting from increased metabolic rates. Fish cannot produce enough ATP for maintaining its physiological function if the amount of oxygen uptake is not sufficient for aerobic metabolism. There are two possible strategies fish can use to maintain ATP homeostasis at the cellular level. One such strategy is to decrease aerobic metabolism and increase anaerobic metabolism for ATP production via expression of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor responsive to changes in the level of oxygen available in the cellular environment. The other strategy is to suppress sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) activity to decrease ATP expenditure. However, our previous studies indicated that anabantoid fishes did not decrease their NKA activity in the gills in hypoxic conditions but instead increased the frequency of air-breathing respiration (ABR). The aim of the present study is to investigate whether ABR is more important than these two strategies for coping with hypoxia in anabantoid fishes and whether the fishes respond similarly under warming and hypoxic treatments. The anabantoid fish, Macropodus opercularis, is investigated in the present study. The results indicated that in fish of the ABR group, gill NKA activity, glycogen phosphorylase protein expression and lactate concentration did not change, while ABR frequency and NH4+ excretion increased under hypoxic, warming and warming-and-hypoxic treatments. Plasma glucose concentration increased under warming and warming-and-hypoxic treatments. HIF1-α protein expression increased under warming-and-hypoxic treatment. In fish of the non-ABR group, mortality and plasma glucose and gill lactate concentrations increased significantly under hypoxic and warming treatments. These results suggested that, M. opercularis increases ABR to cope with oxygen demand which increases as aerobic metabolism rate rises when exposed to hypoxic and warming stresses. The results of increased ABR are different when under hypoxic versus warming stress. However, ammonia is produced by deamination of adenylates in M. opercularis muscle under both of the two stresses. To support the need for NH4+ excretion, gill NKA activity remained unchanged. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that there is a compensatory mechanism between the behavioural and physiological levels in anabantoid fish under hypoxic and warming stresses. Furthermore, their resistance strategy differs from that of water-breathing fish.
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WEI, JENG YIN, and 鄭穎蔚. "Individual behavior and breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis (Linnaeus) in an artificial environment." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46346109367303683648.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
95
This experiment, from February 2006 to January 2007, was designed to learn the habit and breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis (Linnaeus) in an artificial environment. Paradise fish’s behaviors were categorized into nine patterns in this experiment. Among these patterns, swimming took 47.6%, feeding took 20.4%, motionless took 17.8%, and the rest behavior patterns including surfing to breath, building nest, taking care of larvae, waving the fins, and waving the fins and body without moving around. Paradise fish’s behavior patterns are closely related to environmental temperature. The percentage of active behaviors during 14℃~18℃ would take only 37.33% of the period of observation; and when the temperature moved up to 29℃~32℃, it would also increase to 90.26%. Temperature also influenced the usage of space of paradise fish. They tended to perform most of their behaviors near the surface area. When being disturbed, they would move to the bottom of the water area fast and hold still there. With the increase of temperature, paradise fish’s fighting behavior tends to be faster and more furious. It usually ended within 30 minutes and the advantage lied in the previous habited paradise fish.This experiment also discussed the influence of temperature on paradise fish’s breeding behavior. When food sources were abundant and the water temperature was above 22℃, male paradise fish would start to produce foam to build up its nest. Under the influence of low temperature, female paradise fish would not lay eggs unless the temperature was increased by heating facility to 26℃. However, if the temperature was kept steady at 26℃, the female paradise fish would not lay eggs, either. The temperature had to be lowered for at least one week before it could be raised again to induce female paradise fish to lay eggs. After the eggs were laid and fertilized, if the temperature increase in the following days were lower than 0.2℃ a day, the number of larvae hatched in the nest would be very low or even none; on the contrary, if the temperature increase could be more than 0.8℃ a day, the number of larvae could be effectively improved. The differences could be as huge as 250 to 1127. When discussing the survival rate of larvae, this experiment confirmed that small Cyclops would be the most suitable feed for larvae. If the water quality was stable and food source was sufficient, survival rate of larvae could be more than 90%.
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Chiu, Kuo-Hsun, and 邱國勛. "Effects of serotonin on the agonistic behavior in paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis Linnaeus)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85647335601593078899.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋生物研究所
91
Animal agonistic behaviors, including threat, combat, submission and chase, are complex responses to experimental stimuli. Animal behaviors are regulated by the central nervous system. In the central nervous system, the biogenic amine serotonin has been thought to serve important roles in animal aggression (including fish), but it’s not clear if serotonin affects threatening and fighting differently. This study took experimental approaches to examine the effects of this neurotransmitter on threatening and fighting in a paradise-fish model in which the complex agonistic behavior is well characterized. Treatments with serotonin synthesis precursor tryptophan (0.125mg/g) to one of the two contestants had insignificant effects on threatening or fighting while synthesis blocker p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (0.3mg/g) decreased threatening time and occurrences of head-tail display. When these drugs were added to both contestants, tryptophan reduced all agonistic behavioral patterns displays, and PCPA decreased threatening time and head-tail display. In addition to changes in behavioral patterns, tryptophan led the fish to be attacked. In contrast, PCPA led the injected fish to actively attack its opponent. However, tryptophan and PCPA had no effect on social status in parasise fish. I suggest that agonistic responses and the initial fighting decision in a paradise fish are affected not only by level of its serotonin, but also by the behavioral responses of its opponent. And the establishment of outcome of encounter is affected more by the environmental stimuli than the serotonin level.
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Wu, Wei-Li, and 吳偉立. "Metabolism of Brain Serotonin during Agonistic Interaction in Wildtype and Albino Paradise Fish (Macropodus opercularis)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61789581298165518564.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋生物研究所
91
1. Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University 2. Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education Abstract Brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) generally serves an inhibitory role in aggressive behavior. But little is known about how 5-HT works during agonistic interaction and where the related works take place in the brain. Paradise fish has regular and ritual process of agonistic interaction which can be separated into three phases, namely, initial phase, threatening phase, and fighting phase. In initial phase, two fish encounter and swim close to each other. In threatening phase, two fish display shaking, head-tail swimming to threat their opponent. In fighting phase, two fish bite each other. With its stereotyped pattern of agonistic behaviors and amenability for pharmacological manipulation, paradise fish represents an excellent model for studies on neurochemical basis of aggressive behaviors. The results suggested that proper visual stimulus stemming from the interacting opponents elicits a socially stressful state that activates the telencephalic serotonergic system of the receipting paradise fish. The elevated serotonergic activity appears to inhibit the interacting individuals from entering fighting phase by constraining them to threatening phase. Presumably, diminishing activity of the telencephalic serotonergic system ushers in physical fighting behaviors.
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Eickhoff, Simon Bodo Johannes [Verfasser]. "Strukturelle und funktionelle Organisation des Operculum parietale der menschlichen Großhirnrinde / vorgelegt von Simon Bodo Johannes Eickhoff." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982633688/34.
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Hu, Chia-Yi, and 胡家怡. "The importance of morphology, behavior and hormone profiles to reproductive success in paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13611377185799519772.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學研究所
100
An individual’s reproductive success can depend on its morphological, behavioral and hormonal traits. Although many studies have explored the importance of each of these three individually to reproductive success, how they combine and how males’ and females’ traits combine to influence reproductive success are rarely explored. I paired up male and female paradise fish Macropodus opercularis to investigate (1) whether male and female fishes’ behavioral traits are related to their morphological traits and hormone levels, and (2) the relative importance of the three types of traits in both the male and the female in determining the reproductive success of a mating pair. I used standard length, condition factor and caudal fin length to represent the fishes’ morphology; aggressiveness (attack frequency) and parental care (bubble-nest area) to represent their behaviors; levels of testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (KT), 17ß-estradiol (E2) and cortisol (Cort) to represent their hormones, and likelihood of spawning, latency to spawn and the number of eggs they produced to represent reproductive success. I had five main sets of results. (1) Egg production was associated positively with the female’s KT levels and the male’s T levels, but negatively with female’s T levels and the male’s KT levels. (2) Males with high levels of T built small bubble-nests. Moreoever, female partners of males which built smaller bubble-nests spawned more slowly. (3) Females with higher levels of Cort were slower to spawn. (4) Female partners of males with greater condition factor were less likely to spawn, and partners of males with longer standard length produced fewer eggs. (5) Males with longer caudal fins were less aggressive, and females with longer standard length were more aggressive. Overall, this study showed that males which provided more parental care or had higher levels of T had higher reproductive success, but that larger males or those with higher levels of KT had lower reproductive success. Moreover, females with high levels of KT had high reproductive success, but those which had higher levels of T or Cort had lower reproductive success. In conclusion, the morphological traits and hormone levels of male and female paradise fish were related to their aggressiveness and parental effort. A pair’s reproduction was correlated with both the male and female fishes’ traits. Morphological traits and hormone levels were more important than aggressiveness and parental effort, and males’ traits had a stronger association with reproduction than females’.
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""Efeitos da infusão de Luffa operculata sobre o epitélio e a atividade mucociliar do palato isolado de rã"." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-20102005-113139/.
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Chang, Chih-Chieh, and 張智傑. "Reproductive strategies of the paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis)－effects of parental body sizes, parental care and habitat water depths." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88496601281266170260.
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碩士國立花蓮教育大學
生物資源與科技研究所
97
The paradise fish Macropodus opercularis is native to Taiwan and exhibits particular reproductive behaviors of bubble nesting and parental care. In order to understand reproductive strategies of the paradise fish, the effects of parental body sizes, parental care, and habitat water depths on the reproductive characteristics were examined in this study. The number of eggs (r male length = 0.627, r length difference = 0.710) and hatching rate (r male length = 0.813, r length difference = 0.775) were positively correlated with the parental male length and the length difference between parents, significantly. Parental body size was not correlated with the mating success, bubble nest size, and egg distribution area. Effects of the parental care behavior on the hatching rate were examined by 4 parental care treatments of non-parent, male parent, female parent, and bi-parents. The average hatching rates of the 4 treatments were 62.0, 94.3, 83.2 and 89.9 %, respectively. The hatching rate of non-parental care treatment was significantly lower than those of the other 3 treatments, among which the hatching rates differed insignificantly. The average hatching rates of male parental, female parental, and bi-parental care treatments were 34.7, 23.2 and 35.4 % higher than that of non-parental care treatment, respectively, after the number of eggs, male length, and length difference, as a covariate, were adjusted to equal. There were six water-depth treatments of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm in our study to examine the effect of habitat water-depth on the reproductive characteristics of the paradise fish. The number of eggs in the shallow-water group of 5-20 cm water-depth treatments was significantly larger than that in the deep-water group of 30-50 cm water-depth treatments, while the matching frequency, bubble nest size, egg distribution area and hatching rate differed insignificantly among the water-depth treatments. The mean hatching rate was up to 95.3 % and the coefficient of variation was only 1.57 % in the shallow-water group, and the mean hatching rate and the coefficient of variation were, in contrast, only 67.2 %, and high as 41.67 % in the deep-water group, respectively, though the hatching rates differed insignificantly between these two groups. In conclusion, strategically mating with the larger male, followed by bi-parental or male parental care, and then selecting appropriate habitat water-depth (≦ 20 cm water depth) to increase the egg production and stabilize the larvae hatching rate are beneficial for the reproductive success of the paradise fish.
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Shih, Feng-Hsi, and 施峰熙. "Environmental implication from stable carbon and oxygen isotope of live and archaeological shells and opercula of Turban snails from Hengchun Peninsula and Kenting site, Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58497475607122742945.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
地球科學系
95
To examine when the 18O values of Turban snail shells and opercula reach the isotopic equilibrium with ambient seawater and unravel the paleoenvironment of ~4,000 B.P. in southern Taiwan, this study analyzed the stable isotopic compositions of eight alive Turban snails (two Turbo setosus, five T. chrysostomus and a T. sparverius) collected from Hengchun Peninsula and five opercula of T. argyrostoma collected from Kenting site, Hengchun. The 13C values of modern snail shells and opercula are between 0.38 and 2.10‰ (1.46±0.30‰; 1σ; N=365) and 0.65 and 2.80‰ (1.76±0.44‰; 1σ; N=482), respectirely. The 18O values of modern snail shells and opercula are between -2.40 and -0.14‰ (-1.54±0.51‰) and -2.40 and 0.25‰ (-1.40±0.53‰), respectirely. 13C values of seven modern opercula are significant different from those of complimentary shell. Based on the sea water temperature from O-luan-pi buoy and measured 18O of seawater (18O = 0‰ SMOW for summer and 18O = 0.14‰ SMOW for winter), the 18O values of aragonite precipitated in equrlibrium should be between -2.65‰ and 0.06‰. Because most of the 18O values of modern Turban snail shells and opercula are within this range, the 18O values of modern Turban snail shells and opercula are in apparently isotopic equibrium with the seawater they lived in. The 18O values of the five archaeological T. argyrostoma opercula are between -2.71 and 0.28‰ (-1.54±0.58‰; 1σ; N=266). Assuming the 18O values of seawater was simlar to that of present, the calculated oxygen isotope temperature is between 21.5℃ and 31.5℃ for ~4,000 B.P. and was roughly 2℃warmer than present. Based on the 18O records, most of the archaeological snails were collected in winter and spring. 13C values of the archaeological opercula (3.33±0.49‰) are 1.57‰ greater than those of modern opercula suggesting that the hydrological condition was different from present.
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Chen, Che-Ming, and 陳哲銘. "Development and application of plasma system in water to assess the tail-back recovery rate and growing rate of Macropodus opercularis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cqwzra.
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碩士中原大學
生物醫學工程研究所
107
In recent years, the culture of ornamental fish has become quite popular, and most of the common problems in the general culture of ornamental fish have not been properly controlled due to water quality problems, making it easy for bacteria to invade during the period of ornamental juvenile fish, and the struggle between adult fish groups will also make the fish body difficult to recover from the wounds caused by bacteria. If the growth period of the juvenile fish is shortened and the recovery rate of the adult fish is increased, the quality of the cultured fish can be improved. For the juvenile fish grow to the adult fish, it takes about 3 months, and the juvenile fish that can be purchased from the market has grown for 2 months, and the remaining one month can be used to grow into adult fish. The self-developed atmospheric plasma equipment is applied to the water. It has a working voltage Vpp of 10.6 kV, an operating current Ipp of 2.7 A, operating frequency of 102.4 kHz, and a total power consumption of 18.49 W for 20 days. The juvenile fish can be grown effectively to adult fish, and the plasma-burning group can increase the growth rate of juvenile fish by about 2 times. In the experiment, the plasma system is applied to the simulated fish group in the simulated wound group, and the recovery rate of the adult fish wound is increased by 10%. When the plasma is applied in water, the water can be converted into plasma-activated water. The main advantages of the plasma system can have sterilization effect on any bacteria, no thermal effect and no electrical stimulation. Microbes are inactivated to improve the growth rate of fish by purifying and control the water quality. The plasma reactor can effectively reduce the microbial content in water by circulating water for 30 minutes, while slowly reducing its pH, degrading organic waste in water and maintaining water quality at a certain level. Therefore, this research is focus at design and develop an atmospheric low temperature plasma system apply to water quality optimization that can increase the growth rate of juvenile fish and accelerate the recovery of adult fish wounds. If the future can apply this technology to other fish species, it is believed to bring higher benefits.