Relevant bibliographies by topics / OPES

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'OPES'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "OPES"

1

Hu, Zhihui, Lingshi Yin, Xiaofeng Wen, et al. "Organophosphate Esters in China: Fate, Occurrence, and Human Exposure." Toxics 9, no. 11 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9110310.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs have been released into various environments (e.g., water, sediments, dust and air, and soil). To investigate the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in various environments in China, this review collects and discusses the published scientific studies in this field. Chlorinated OPEs, as flame retardants, are the predominant OPEs found in the environment. The analysis of data revealed large concentration variations among microenvironments, including inflowing river water (range: 0.69–10.62 µgL−1), sediments (range: 0.0197–0.234 µg/g), dust (range: 8.706–34.872 µg/g), and open recycling sites’ soil (range: 0.122–2.1 µg/g). Moreover, OPEs can be detected in the air and biota. We highlight the overall view regarding environmental levels of OPEs in different matrices as a starting point to monitor trends for China. The levels of OPEs in the water, sediment, dust, and air of China are still low. However, dust samples from electronic waste workshop sites were more contaminated. Human activities, pesticides, electronics, furniture, paint, plastics and textiles, and wastewater plants are the dominant sources of OPEs. Human exposure routes to OPEs mainly include dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation, and dietary intake. The low level of ecological risk and risk to human health indicated a limited threat from OPEs. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives for future studies are prospected. A criteria inventory of OPEs reflecting the levels of OPEs contamination association among different microenvironments, emerging OPEs, and potential impact of OPEs on human health, particularly for children are needed in China for better investigation.
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Gong, Cheng, and Hong Liao. "A typical weather pattern for ozone pollution events in North China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 22 (2019): 13725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13725-2019.

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Abstract. Ground-level observations, reanalyzed meteorological fields and a 3-D global chemical and transport model (GEOS-Chem) were applied in this study to investigate ozone (O3) pollution events (OPEs) in North China (36.5–40.5∘ N, 114.5–119.5∘ E) during 2014–2017. Ozone pollution days (OPDs) were defined as days with maximum daily averaged 8 h (MDA8) concentrations over North China larger than 160 µg m−3, and OPEs were defined as periods with 3 or more consecutive OPDs. Observations showed that there were 167 OPDs and 27 OPEs in North China during 2014–2017, in which 123 OPDs and 21 OPEs occurred from May to July. We found that OPEs in North China occurred under a typical weather pattern with high daily maximum temperature (Tmax), low relative humidity (RH), anomalous southerlies and divergence in the lower troposphere, an anomalous high-pressure system at 500 hPa, and an anomalous downward air flow from 500 hPa to the surface. Under such a weather pattern, chemical production of O3 was high between 800 and 900 hPa, which was then transported downward to enhance O3 pollution at the surface. A standardized index I_OPE was defined by applying four key meteorological parameters, including Tmax, RH, meridional winds at 850 hPa (V850) and zonal winds at 500 hPa (U500). I_OPE can capture approximately 80 % of the observed OPDs and OPEs, which has implications for forecasting OPEs in North China.
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Zhou, Qi, Zihao Wei, Yanan Xu, and Changhu Xue. "Fibrous and Spherical Aggregates of Ovotransferrin as Stabilizers for Oleogel-Based Pickering Emulsions: Preparation, Characteristics and Curcumin Delivery." Gels 8, no. 8 (2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8080517.

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This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of differently shaped aggregates of ovotransferrin (OVT) particles on oleogel-based Pickering emulsions (OPEs). Medium-chain triglyceride oil-based oleogels were constructed using beeswax, and their gel-sol melting temperatures were investigated. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that both OVT fibrils and OVT spheres were successfully prepared, and the three-phase contact angle measurements indicated that fibrous and spherical aggregates of OVT particles possessed great potential to stabilize the OPEs. Afterward, the oil-in-water OPEs were fabricated using oleogel as the oil phase and OVT fibrils/spheres as the emulsifiers. The results revealed that OPEs stabilized with OVT fibrils (FIB-OPEs) presented a higher degree of emulsification, smaller droplet size, better physical stability and stronger apparent viscosity compared with OPEs stabilized with OVT spheres (SPH-OPEs). The freeze–thaw stability test showed that the FIB-OPEs remained stable after three freeze–thaw cycles, while the SPH-OPEs could barely withstand one freeze–thaw cycle. An in vitro digestion study suggested that OVT fibrils conferred distinctly higher lipolysis (46.0%) and bioaccessibility (62.8%) of curcumin to OPEs.
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Wang, Yisha, Yanjun Zhao, Xu Han, et al. "A Review of Organophosphate Esters in Aquatic Environments: Levels, Distribution, and Human Exposure." Water 15, no. 9 (2023): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091790.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various products. Most of them are physically mixed rather than chemical bonded to the polymeric products, leading to OPEs being readily released into the surrounding environment. Due to their relatively high solubility and mobility, OPEs are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and may pose potential hazards to human health and aquatic organisms. This review systematically summarized the fate and distribution of OPEs in the aquatic environment and the potential effects of OPEs on humans. Data analysis shows that the concentrations of OPEs vary widely in various types of aquatic environments, including surface water (range: 25–3671 ng/L), drinking water (4–719 ng/L), and wastewater (104–29,800 ng/L). The results of human exposure assessments via aquatic products and drinking water ingestion indicate that all OPEs pose low, but not negligible, risks to human health. In addition, the limitations of previous studies are summarized, and the outlook is provided. This review provides valuable information on the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in the aquatic environment.
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Dang, Yi, Kexin Tang, Zhihao Wang, et al. "Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) Flame Retardants in Water: A Review of Photocatalysis, Adsorption, and Biological Degradation." Molecules 28, no. 7 (2023): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072983.

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As a substitute for banned brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) increased year by year with the increase in industrial production and living demand. It was inevitable that OPEs would be discharged into wastewater in excess, which posed a great threat to the health of human beings and aquatic organisms. In the past few decades, people used various methods to remove refractory OPEs. This paper reviewed the photocatalysis method, the adsorption method with wide applicability, and the biological method mainly relying on enzymolysis and hydrolysis to degrade OPEs in water. All three of these methods had the advantages of high removal efficiency and environmental protection for various organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency of OPEs, degradation mechanisms, and conversion products of OPEs by three methods were discussed and summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of OPEs’ degradation technology were discussed.
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Cao, Xuezhi, Bingbing Wang, Xinxin Liu, Jichun Cheng, and Shiliang Wang. "Study of the Spatiotemporal Variations, Source Determination, and Potential Ecological Risk of Organophosphate Esters in Typical Coastal Tourist Resorts in China." Water 15, no. 22 (2023): 3976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223976.

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Investigation of the environmental occurrence and behavior of organophosphate esters (OPEs) is very important and is becoming a hot topic in the academic community. In this study, 12 targeted OPEs in the water and sediment from 19 coastal tourist resorts in the Shandong Peninsula in China were analyzed to show their concentrations, spatial variations, and potential ecological risks. The results showed that the total concentrations of OPEs (ΣOPEs) were in the range of 18.52–3069.43 ng/L in the water and 3.20–568.76 ng/g in the sediment. The dominant OPEs in the water and sediment were tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and triethyl phosphate (TEP). The OPE concentrations in the water were ranked as dry season > normal season > wet season. The sewage treatment plants near tourist resorts were important contributors to the level of OPEs in the water. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), and resorcinol-bis(diphenyl)phosphate (RDP) had a relatively higher ecological risk than other OPEs in the water samples. Industrial emissions might be the main source of OPEs in the coastal tourist resorts of Shandong Peninsula in China. The results of this study verified that OPEs occur in the water and sediment of coastal tourist resorts, and more attention should be given to the existence of OPEs and the safety of aquatic environments near coastal tourist resorts.
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Yin, Hongling, Jinfeng Liang, Di Wu, Shiping Li, Yi Luo, and Xu Deng. "Measurement report: Seasonality, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM<sub>2.5</sub> from an inland urban city in Southwest China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 23 (2020): 14933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14933-2020.

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Abstract. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are contaminants of emerging concern, and studies have concluded that urban areas are a significant source of OPEs. Samples were collected from six ground-based sites located in Chengdu, a typical rapidly developing metropolitan area in Southwest China, and were analyzed for seven OPEs in atmospheric PM2.5 (Σ7 OPEs). The concentrations of Σ7 OPEs in PM2.5 ranged from 5.83 to 6.91 ng m−3, with a mean of 6.6 ± 3.3 ng m−3, and the primary pollutants were tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), which together made up more than 80 % of the Σ7 OPEs. The concentrations of Σ7 OPEs were higher in autumn and winter than in summer. Nonparametric tests showed that there was no significant difference in Σ7 OPE concentrations among the six sampling sites, but the occurrence of unexpectedly high levels of individual OPEs at different sites in autumn might indicate noteworthy emissions. A very strong correlation (R2 = 0.98, p &lt; 0.01) between the OPEs in soil and in PM2.5 was observed. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the OPEs in PM2.5 were mainly affected by local sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the OPEs in PM2.5 were largely sourced from the plastics industry, interior decoration and traffic emission (34.5 %) and the chemical, mechanical and electrical industries (27.8 %), while the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed that the main sources were the plastics industry and indoor source emissions, the food and cosmetics industry and industrial emissions. In contrast to coastal cities, sustained and stable high local emissions in the studied inland city were identified, which is particularly noteworthy. Chlorinated phosphates, especially TCPP and TCEP, had a high content, and their usage and source emissions should be controlled.
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Li, Yuening, Faqiang Zhan, Chubashini Shunthirasingham, et al. "Seasonal air concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and air–water equilibrium of organophosphate esters in southern Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 1 (2025): 459–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025.

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Abstract. In response to increasing production and application volumes, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have emerged as pervasively detected contaminants in various environmental media, with concentrations often exceeding those of traditional organic contaminants. Despite the recognition of the atmosphere's important role in dispersing OPEs and a substantial number of studies quantifying OPEs in air, investigations into atmospheric phase distribution processes are rare. Using measurements of OPEs in the atmospheric gas and particle phase, in precipitation, and in surface water collected in southern Canada, we explored the seasonal concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning behaviour, precipitation scavenging, and air–water equilibrium status of OPEs. Whereas consistent seasonal trends were not observed for OPE concentrations in precipitation or atmospheric particles, gas phase concentrations of several OPEs were elevated during the summer in suburban Toronto and at two remote sites on Canada's eastern and western coast. Apparent enthalpies of air–surface exchange fell mainly within or slightly above the range of air–water and air–octanol enthalpies of exchange, indicating the influence of local air–surface exchange processes and/or seasonally variable source strength. While many OPEs were present with a notable fraction in both the gas and particle phase, no clear relationship with compound volatility was apparent, although there was a tendency for higher particle-bound fractions at a lower temperature. High precipitation scavenging ratios for OPEs measured at the two coastal sites are consistent with low air–water partitioning ratios and the association with particles. Although beset by large uncertainties, air–water equilibrium calculations suggest net deposition of gaseous OPEs from the atmosphere to the Salish Sea and the St. Lawrence River and St. Lawrence Estuary. The measured seasonal concentration variability is likely less a reflection of temperature-driven air–surface exchange and instead indicates that more OPEs enter or are formed in the atmosphere in summer. More research is needed to better understand the atmospheric gas–particle partitioning behaviour of the OPEs and how it may be influenced by transformation reactions.
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Luo, Wangxing, Siyu Yao, Jiahui Huang, et al. "Distribution and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Agricultural Soils and Plants in the Coastal Areas of South China." Toxics 12, no. 4 (2024): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040286.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are frequently used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various commercial products. While initially considered as substitutes for brominated flame retardants, they have faced restrictions in some countries due to their toxic effects on organisms. We collected 37 soil and crop samples in 20 cities along the coast of South China, and OPEs were detected in all of them. Meanwhile, we studied the contamination and potential human health risks of OPEs. In soil samples, the combined concentrations of eight OPEs varied between 74.7 and 410 ng/g, averaging at 255 ng/g. Meanwhile, in plant samples, the collective concentrations of eight OPEs ranged from 202 to 751 ng/g, with an average concentration of 381 ng/g. TDCIPP, TCPP, TCEP, and ToCP were the main OPE compounds in both plant and soil samples. Within the study area, the contaminants showed different spatial distributions. Notably, higher OPEs were found in coastal agricultural soils in Guangdong Province and crops in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results of an ecological risk assessment show that the farmland soil along the southern coast of China is at high or medium ecological risk. The average non-carcinogenic risk and the carcinogenic risk of OPEs in soil through ingestion and dermal exposure routes are within acceptable levels. Meanwhile, this study found that the dietary intake of OPEs through food is relatively low, but twice as high as other studies, requiring serious attention. The research findings suggest that the human risk assessment indicates potential adverse effects on human health due to OPEs in the soil–plant system along the coast of South China. This study provides a crucial foundation for managing safety risks in agricultural operations involving OPEs.
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Zou, Xiang. "A Review of the Properties, Transport, and Fate of Organophosphate Esters in Polar Snow and Ice." Sustainability 17, no. 6 (2025): 2493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062493.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging organic pollutants widely used as industrial flame retardants and plasticizers in recent years. These compounds have been detected in various environmental media. Snow, a fundamental component of glaciers, plays a key role in the effective removal of organic pollutants from the atmosphere. Consequently, glacier accumulation zones receive substantial deposits containing OPEs, making them significant sinks for OPEs. The presence of OPEs in snow and ice serves as a natural archive for studying their environmental behavior and fate. This review examines the occurrence, sources, and impacts of OPEs in polar and middle-to-low-latitude glaciers based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature. Studies indicate that OPE concentrations in snow and ice are generally low, primarily influenced by long-range atmospheric and oceanic transport, with additional contributions from local anthropogenic activities. With global warming, snow and ice meltwater has become a secondary source of OPEs, posing a threat to the cryosphere ecosystems. As research on OPEs in snow and ice is still in its early stages, this review provides valuable insights into their environmental behavior and future research directions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "OPES"

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Celano, Rita. "Development of analytical methodology for determination of emerging contaminants in enviroment and food." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1974.

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2012 - 2013<br>In recent years, fate, occurrence and potential adverse effect of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment have received an increased attention by scientific community. The ECs are a broad category of chemicals, mainly organic compounds, that are not currently covered by existing regulations but they may be candidates for future regulation, as they may be potential threats to human health and environmental safety. The ECs are mainly substances of anthropogenic origin, introduced continuously into the environment in large quantities and distributed ubiquitously in the ecosystem, due to their wide consumption. Recent studies have indicated that most of them are environmentally persistent, bioactive, and certain have a high potential for bioaccumulation. In literature data are still too few regarding their toxicity, distribution and fate and consequently, it is not still possible to assess their real impact on the environment and on human health. For these reasons it is important to design analytical procedures for monitoring specific environmental compartments and to provide the basis for drawing conclusions about the occurrence, the persistence and hazard of ECs in the environment. Currently, the main objectives of the research and monitoring of ECs are the development of accurate and sensitive analytical methods able to simultaneously analyze multiple chemical classes of ECs in different environmental compartments with different complexity. In line with these requirements, in this PhD project, three multi-residue methods were developed for the determination of three different classes of ECs in different and complex environmental matrices... [edited by Author]<br>XII n.s.
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Li, Jing [Verfasser], and Kay-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Emeis. "Investigation of long-range transport and chemical fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the marine environment / Jing Li ; Betreuer: Kay-Christian Emeis." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203301499/34.

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Li, Jing Verfasser], and Kay-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Emeis. "Investigation of long-range transport and chemical fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the marine environment / Jing Li ; Betreuer: Kay-Christian Emeis." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203301499/34.

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Herb, Ulrich. "Chancen im OPUS: Automatisiert SWD-Schlagwörter produzieren." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901378.

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Die Folien skizzieren einen Projektantrag, der (2008 und überarbeitet 2009) bei der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG eingereicht wurde. Absicht der beiden Antragssteller, des Instituts der Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Informationsforschung (IAI, http://www.iai.uni-sb.de/iaide/index.htm) und der Saarländischen Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB, http://www.sulb.uni-saarland.de), war es, die am IAI entwickelte Software AUTINDEX zur halbautomatischen Verschlagwortung in Open-Access-Repositories einzubinden. Da Autoren große Mühe mit der Verschlagwortung ihrer Dokumente nach der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) haben, sollten sie, ganz im Sinne des "Easy Submission"-Postulats, beim Enspielen der Dokumente unterstützt werden. Mit Hilfe einer linguistisch intelligenten Software sollten automatisch Schlagwörter aus der SWD zu einem eingereichten Dokument erzeugt und dem Autoren angeboten werden. Dieser hätte anschließend entschieden, welche der angebotenen Schlagwörter er dem Dokument zuweisen möchte. Der typische Workflow beim Einspielen von Dokumenten verlangt vom Autor das Ausfüllen eines Metadatenformulars, idealerweise inklusive der Beschreibung mit SWD-Schlagworten. Da die SWD den Autoren nicht vertraut ist, vergeben diese meist unexakte, zu grobe oder falsche Schlagworte - oder solche, die in der SWD nicht existieren. Daher wird ein aufwändiges Nachbearbeiten seitens des Serverbetreibers nötig, der zwar über Expertise in der SWD-Nutzung verfügt, allerdings das Dokument nicht so exakt beschreiben kann wie es dem Autoren möglich wäre. Für ein exaktes Retrieval wäre es sinnvoll, wenn die Wissenschaftler selbst eine exakte Verschlagwortung vornähmen. Die im mittlerweile leider abgelehnten Antrag geplante prototypische, offene und nachnutzbare Einbindung einer Software zur automatischen Vergabe von SWD-Schlagworten hätte eine erhebliche Erleichterung des Veröffentlichungs- und Bearbeitungsprozesses einerseits und eine Verbesserung der Metadatenqualität andererseits gesichert.
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Maxir, Henrique dos Santos. "O mercado internacional de petróleo: a influência da OPEP e o poder de mercado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-16032016-153002/.

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A criação da Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP) foi um marco para o mercado internacional de petróleo. Para a opinião pública a OPEP é um cartel devido aos choques do petróleo ocorridos na década de 1970, porém na literatura econômica não existe consenso sobre a OPEP ser ou não um cartel. Sob a ótica da teoria dos cartéis, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo evidenciar o papel da OPEP e verificar se a mesma exerce poder de mercado, demonstrando aspectos históricos que desencadearam na sua criação e suas principais ações ao longo do tempo. No primeiro artigo, através de uma análise fundamentada na distinção entre os países da OPEP e os Não-OPEP, foram utilizados indicadores sobre o mercado internacional de petróleo, destacando os principais detentores das reservas provadas, os produtores, os consumidores, a evolução dos preços, o comércio internacional, as emissões de CO2 geradas a partir da combustão do combustível fóssil e a ascensão dos biocombustíveis. Os resultados mostraram que a dotação natural é fator determinante na produção e no comércio internacional de petróleo, e que os países membros da OPEP são altamente dependentes das divisas geradas das exportações de petróleo para sustentação de importações de outros bens. Verificou-se que os países da OPEP vêm aumentando seu consumo interno de petróleo, gerando maiores emissões de CO2, o que reforça ainda mais a dependência do petróleo como principal fonte na matriz energética destes países. Neste cenário, os biocombustíveis vêm ganhando espaço principalmente nos países Não-OPEP. A OPEP é uma Organização formada por países, assim seus objetivos vão além da maximização de lucros. Entretanto, as diferenças macroeconômicas entre os membros relacionadas aos diferentes regimes políticos, com objetivos destoantes de curto e de longo prazo, são fatores limitadores na ação coordenada entre os membros. No segundo artigo desta pesquisa, através do modelo estático da Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO) foi identificado o grau de poder de mercado no comércio internacional de petróleo no período de janeiro de 2003 até março de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o mercado internacional de petróleo está distante da estrutura de monopólio ou cartel perfeito, e não são estatisticamente descartadas as hipóteses de competição via Cournot e de competição perfeita.<br>The establishment of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was a historic milestone for the international oil market. For the public opinion the OPEC is considered as a cartel due to the oil shocks in the 1970s, but in the economic literature there is no consensus if OPEC really acts as cartel. However, we use the theory of cartels to highlight the role of OPEC and identify if there is market power exercise in the international oil market. We present historical aspects that led in OPEC creation and its main actions over time. In the first chapter, we use an analysis based on the distinction between the OPEC and non-OPEC countries. We identify the main countries which holds proven reserves, the major producers, consumers, the trend of price, the international trade, the CO2 emissions generated by the fossil fuel combustion and the rise of biofuels production. The results indicate that the natural endowment is a key factor to the production and international trade of oil, and OPEC members are highly dependent on oil exports revenue to sustain other goods imports. OPEC countries increased domestic oil consumption, generating more CO2 emissions, which demonstrates the increase of oil dependency in the energy matrix of these countries. According to the current scenario, the biofuels production has increased mainly in non-OPEC countries. OPEC is an organization formed by countries and their goals are not only to maximize profits, and so, OPEC is a political union that has stability over the years. However, macroeconomic differences among members related to different political regimes with different shortterm and long-term goals that are limiting factors for coordinated action. Therefore, according to the theory of the cartel formation and sustainability, OPEC has difficulties to fix prices or quantity on the international oil market, the Organization does not behave like a cartel most of the time. In the second chapter the static model of the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) is used to identify the degree of market power in the international oil market during the period from January 2003 to March 2015. The results indicated that the international oil market is not characterized by a cartel, but are not statistically rejected the hypothesis of Cournot competition nor perfect competition.
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Bass, Cindy Allison. "Investigation of mitigation and detection methods of Open Phase Conditions (OPCs) in nuclear power plants based on the operating experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29895.

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Safety in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is of utmost importance, as the implications of a nuclear event have dire consequences on people, animals, and the environment and on unborn generations. This dissertation is about Open Phase Conditions (OPCs), which occur when one or two of the three electrical phases are lost or open circuited, e.g. one circuit breaker phase doesn’t open or close. The study of this condition is important, as it can affect important-to-safety equipment, which is critical to the safe shutdown systems of the reactor in a nuclear power plant. The OPC can occur in the transmission (TX) switchyard or at the transformers connected to the nuclear plant. It also has the capability to make the offsite supply inoperable, which is the alternate source of power for the nuclear safety systems. As many as sixteen (16) cases of Open Phase events have occurred in different countries worldwide from 1994 till 2015. An event also occurred in the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS) in South Africa on the 11th November 2005. When these events occurred, the protection schemes did not “see” nor isolate the condition, as this was discovered to be a design vulnerability. This was due to oversight in the design of the protection to detect this condition. This dissertation seeks to answer the following research question: Is it possible to prevent or mitigate an open phase condition from occurring in the switchyard of a nuclear power plant? Previous work has attempted to address the lack of awareness of people working in close proximity to a Nuclear power station i.e. amongst staff working in the switchyard and operators in a nuclear plant, by sharing the operating experience (OE) of OPC occurrences. The approach to answer the research question lies in the analysis of the awareness of the people involved, as the condition cannot be prevented if it is not known. Case studies of the documented OE were categorised and analysed using a simplified root cause analysis method. A survey was conducted to assess the OPC awareness and perceptions of people in the system operator, i.e. TX division and at the Koeberg nuclear power station, within the Eskom Holdings utility. The results demonstrate that there is insufficient overall knowledge and understanding of this condition within the system operator. Operators in the nuclear plants all over the world have been required by the US Nuclear regulator, to be trained and to be aware of this condition. The results of this dissertation highlight the focus areas in people’s awareness that need attention. And that educating the system operator through training will strengthen the relationship between transmission and the nuclear plant within Eskom holdings.
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Nakashimada, Yachiyo. "Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymers for use in protein chromatography on a mems fabricated micro open parallel plate separators (OPPS)." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1121810289.

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Mooyoung, Son, and Zou Dan. "Open innovation : What to open? What to close?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68995.

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Business management Paradigm is Changing. We used to have big, best, and fast and now it seems that we are having one more paradigm of “Open”. Chesbrough (2003) argued for cooperating between competitors or allies in his article “The era of open innovation”. (ChesbroughH.W, 2003) This research is about open innovation with customer participation. Many organizations built platform to motivate customers to participate the product development process. Hence, we selected three different types of platforms which are full-open, semi-open and closed platform for case study. To compare different perspective from organizations and customers, we will use both of case study of the organizations who opened competencies to the customers and survey of the customers who are creating derivative products. From that case-study and survey result, we aim to figure out what to open and what to close for the organizations that are implementing open innovation strategy. We will suggest a competency pyramid model that helps organizations to divide their competencies into two different sectors: open competency and closed competency. And finally, we will find out what factors are important to make a platform successful.
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Degirmen, Daniel. "Open Hardware: Initial Experiences with Synthesizing Open Cores." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396388.

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An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest level software, describing the operations a processor must be able to execute. Most commercially successful ISAs are propitiatory, meaning that hardware designers are limited to the design and have to pay for a license if they wish to use it. A new open-source ISA called RISC-V has emerged in order to allow for designers to design and implement their own processors for free. This thesis explores RISC-V as well as the new open-source hardware description language Chisel. A 32 bit RISC-V core nicknamed the "Anhyzer core" is designed and implemented, showing how one can model a RISC-V core in Chisel. The core is limited to the RV32I instruction set, and it was simulated using the hardware simulator Verilator in order to make sure it was functional. This was done by loading instructions into the instruction memory and then running the simulation. The core was able to execute the RV32I instructions, but since it a single-cycle CPU the throughput was low. Experiments showed that there was no difference in performance between theoretically slower instructions and faster ones. The core serves as a proof of concept which can be expanded upon in the future.
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Harrison, Kerrie. "Open spaces /." Title page and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh319.pdf.

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Books on the topic "OPES"

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Nappo, Salvatore, and Antonio De Simone. --Mitis Sarni opes. Denaro libri, 2000.

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Dongen, Ron van. Ops opis. Nazraeli Press, 2004.

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Tunstall, Jeremy. The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673.

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O'Connor, William. Opus Dei : an open book: A reply to The secret world of Opus Dei by Michael Walsh. Mercier Press, 1991.

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1937-, Walsh Michael J., ed. Opus Dei : an open book : a reply to The secret world of Opus Dei by Michael Walsh. Mercier Press, 1991.

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Cruzata, Ana Luisa Rodríguez. Opus Dei: Opus hominis. Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1998.

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Hawken, Scott, Hoon Han, and Chris Pettit, eds. Open Cities | Open Data. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5.

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Inc, Recorded Books, ed. Open Heart, Open Mind. Touchstone, 2015.

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Rinpoche, Tsoknyi. Open heart, open mind. Crown Archetype, 2012.

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McLean, Neil. Open systems - open market. British Library, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "OPES"

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Apollonov, Victor V. "Static OPEs Based on Materials with a Porous Structure." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10753-0_3.

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MacArthur, Brian. "An interim history of the Open University." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-2.

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McIntosh, Naomi. "The OU student." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-9.

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Thomas, Ray. "Admissions policy." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-8.

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Wellman, Tom. "Factory worker." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-23.

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Salaman, Graeme, and Kenneth Thompson. "The OU academic." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-28.

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Gardner, Michael. "My hobby." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-16.

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McTaggart-Short, Arthur. "Older student." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-21.

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Hawkridge, David. "Evaluation for the OU." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-11.

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MacGibbon, Hamish. "The OU publishing operation." In The Open University Opens. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032709673-37.

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Conference papers on the topic "OPES"

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Plantak, Lucija, Anita Ptiček Siročić, Ivana Grčić, and Ranko Biondić. "Detection of Organophosphorus Esters (OPEs) in Groundwater." In ECWS-7 2023. MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-7-14169.

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Guo, Shuxin, and Yunge Mao. "OPES: An On-line Practice and Examination System Based on Web." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.1370.

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Chen, Jun, Hongling Yin, Lin Luo, Fei Peng, Yi Luo, and Xu Deng. "Exploration and Detection of Quantitative Analysis Method of OPEs in Urine." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.294.

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Il-Woo Lee, Ho-Jin Park, Kwang-Roh Park, Younghwan Choi, and Sang-Ha Kim. "A scheme using OPES for real-time translation services in digital home networks based on delivery management systems." In 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2006.206349.

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Mirzaei, Hamid, Mona Fathollahi, and Tony Givargis. "OPEB: Open physical environment benchmark for artificial intelligence." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry - Innovation to Shape the Future for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065980.

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Waddell, Paul, Alan Borning, Hana Ševčíková, and David Socha. "Opus (the Open Platform for Urban Simulation) and UrbanSim 4." In the 2006 national conference. ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146702.

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"What triggers the decision to ripen." In Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/shr17mso.

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"New breeding frontiers: application of the CRISPR-cas9 system in grapevine (V. vinifera L.) and improvements in plant regeneration." In Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/vtybo2gk.

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"Temperature-based phenology modelling for the grapevine." In Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/jczquezy.

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"Leaf necrosis induced by the insecticide carbaryl in Vitis rupestris ‘B38’." In Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/0m5bmyhg.

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Reports on the topic "OPES"

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Barbir, A., R. Penno, R. Chen, M. Hofmann, and H. Orman. An Architecture for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3835.

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Rousskov, A., and M. Stecher. HTTP Adaptation with Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4236.

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Stecher, M., and A. Barbir. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) SMTP Use Cases. RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4496.

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Beck, A., M. Hofmann, H. Orman, R. Penno, and A. Terzis. Requirements for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocols. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3836.

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Barbir, A., and A. Rousskov. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Treatment of IAB Considerations. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3914.

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Rousskov, A. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocol (OCP) Core. RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4037.

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Barbir, A., E. Burger, R. Chen, S. McHenry, H. Orman, and R. Penno. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3752.

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Barbir, A., O. Batuner, B. Srinivas, M. Hofmann, and H. Orman. Security Threats and Risks for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3837.

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Barbir, A. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Entities and End Points Communication. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3897.

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Barbir, A., O. Batuner, A. Beck, T. Chan, and H. Orman. Policy, Authorization, and Enforcement Requirements of the Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3838.

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