Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology"

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Scharf, A., F. Mattern, M. Al-Wardi, G. Frijia, D. Moraetis, B. Pracejus, W. Bauer, and I. Callegari. "About this title - The Geology and Tectonics of the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat Domes, Oman Mountains." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.

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The geology of the Oman Mountains, including the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes, is extraordinarily well-exposed and diverse, spanning a geological record of more than 800 Ma. The area is blessed with first-class outcrops and is well known in the geological community for its ophiolite. The Oman Mountains have much more to offer; including, Neoproterozoic diamictites (“Snowball Earth”), fossil-rich Permo-Mesozoic carbonates and metamorphic rocks. The arid climate and deep incision of wadis allow for nearly complete rock exposure which can be investigated in all three dimensions. The diverse geology is also responsible for the breathtaking landscape. New roads and the nature of the friendly Omani people make fieldwork unforgettable.This Memoir provides a thorough state-of-the-art overview of the geology and tectonics of the Southeastern Oman Mountains, and is accompanied by an over-sized geological map and a correlation chart.
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Scharf, Andreas, Frank Mattern, Mohammed Al-Wardi, Gianluca Frijia, Daniel Moraetis, Bernhard Pracejus, Wilfried Bauer, and Ivan Callegari. "Chapter 6 Conclusions, differences between the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes and unanswered questions." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.6.

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AbstractThis chapter provides the conclusions/outlines of the tectonics, affecting the Southeastern Oman Mountains, including the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes. The main tectonic events include amongst others (1) Neoproterozoic rifting, (2) two distinct early Paleozoic compressive events, (3) large-scale open ‘Hercynian’ folding and formation of a pronounced unconformity during the late Paleozoic, (4) rifting preceding the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the late Paleozoic, (5) late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite and the response of the Arabian lithosphere as well as (6) post-obductional tectonics. Also of major geological significance are the three major glaciations (Sturtian, Marinoan and Late Paleozoic Gondwana glaciation) which have been recorded in the rocks of northern Oman. Moreover, major lithological, structural and metamorphic differences exist between the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes. It appears likely that a major fault, striking parallel to the eastern margin of the Jabal Akhdar Dome, probably originating during Neoproterozoic terrain accretion, acted as a divide between both domes until present. This fault was multiple times reactivated and could explain the differences between the two domes. A catalogue of unanswered questions is included in chronological order to express that many geological aspects need further investigation and future research projects.
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Braathen, Alvar, and Per Terje Osmundsen. "Extensional tectonics rooted in orogenic collapse: Long-lived disintegration of the Semail Ophiolite, Oman." Geology 48, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47077.1.

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Abstract Significant post-orogenic extension of the renowned Semail Ophiolite and substrata in Oman resulted in the formation of metamorphic core complexes juxtaposed with an array of Maastrichtian-Paleogene extensional basins. During this evolution, basins became progressively localized. The geometry of the large-scale and long-lived extensional system changes laterally across the core complexes and reveals several generations of domes and detachments, some of which were progressively exhumed. Progressive excision and dismemberment of the ophiolite link to major fabrics in the core complexes and gradual focusing of extensional basins.
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Scharf, Andreas, Frank Mattern, Mohammed Al-Wardi, Gianluca Frijia, Daniel Moraetis, Bernhard Pracejus, Wilfried Bauer, and Ivan Callegari. "Chapter 3 Thrusts, extensional faults and fold patterns of the major units." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.3.

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AbstractThis chapter is concerned with the main faults and folds within the Southeastern Oman Mountains based on available literature. The main, best and most widely exposed thrusts are those related to the SW-directed late Cretaceous obduction of the allochthonous nappes onto the Arabian platform and margin. These thrusts are related to obduction of rocks, which had formed hundreds of kilometres offshore Oman. The thrusts were active from the Cenomanian to the Campanian. Obduction-related thrusts and folds are spectacularly exposed within the rocks of the Arabian platform in the eastern part of the Saih Hatat Dome, including large-scale recumbent cylindrical folds and sheath folds. At least six fold sets can be studied in the Southeastern Oman Mountains. At least two of them had formed prior to obduction and are exposed in the Pre-Permian formations of the Jabal Akhdar Dome. At least three fold sets formed in the course of obduction, while at least one fold set is postobductional in age. Besides the compressional structures, the Oman Mountains expose major post-obductional extensional faults, mostly at the margins of the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes. The throw of these faults amounts to a few to several kilometres. Finally, this chapter provides an overview of the enigmatic Batinah Mélange which consists of slivers of Hawasina rocks, resting (unusually) structurally above the Semail Ophiolite.
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Scharf, Andreas, Frank Mattern, Mohammed Al-Wardi, Gianluca Frijia, Daniel Moraetis, Bernhard Pracejus, Wilfried Bauer, and Ivan Callegari. "Chapter 1 Introduction and tectonic framework." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.1.

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AbstractThe extraordinary outcrop conditions provide a unique opportunity to study the geology and tectonics of the Oman Mountains, which record a geological history of more than 800 million years. We provide a summary of the geological evolution of the Oman Mountains with the emphasis on the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes. This Memoir comprises seven chapters. This first chapter summarizes the former studies and the tectonic framework. This is followed by a comprehensive description of all geological formations/rock units (Scharf et al. 2021a, Chapter 2, this Memoir) including the famous Semail Ophiolite, the fault and fold pattern (Scharf et al. 2021b, Chapter 3, this Memoir) and the overall structure (Scharf et al. 2021c, Chapter 4, this Memoir). Chapter 5 (Scharf et al. 2021d) explains the varied tectonic evolution of the study area, ranging from the Neoproterozoic until present, while Chapter 6 (Scharf et al. 2021e) contains the conclusions and a catalogue of open questions. Finally, Chapter 7 (Scharf et al. 2021f) provides two over-sized geological maps (1 : 250 000 version available online) and a correlation chart, providing an overview of the geological units/formations. This volume is of interest for all geoscientists, geoscience students and professionals studying the Oman Mountains on the surface as well as in the subsurface because it represents a comprehensive and detailed reference.
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Kanzaki, Yoshiki. "Quantifying the buffering of oceanic oxygen isotopes at ancient midocean ridges." Solid Earth 11, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 1475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1475-2020.

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Abstract. To quantify the intensity of oceanic oxygen isotope buffering through hydrothermal alteration of the oceanic crust, a 2D hydrothermal circulation model was coupled with a 2D reactive transport model of oxygen isotopes. The coupled model calculates steady-state distributions of temperature, water flow and oxygen isotopes of solid rock and porewater given the physicochemical conditions of oceanic crust alteration and seawater δ18O. Using the present-day seawater δ18O under plausible modern alteration conditions, the model yields δ18O profiles for solid rock and porewater and fluxes of heat, water and 18O that are consistent with modern observations, confirming the model's validity. The model was then run with different assumed seawater δ18O values to evaluate oxygen isotopic buffering at the midocean ridges. The buffering intensity shown by the model is significantly weaker than previously assumed, and calculated δ18O profiles of oceanic crust are consistently relatively insensitive to seawater δ18O. These results are attributed to the fact that isotope exchange at shallow depths does not reach equilibrium due to the relatively low temperatures, and 18O supply via spreading solid rocks overwhelms that through water flow at deeper depths. Further model simulations under plausible alteration conditions during the Precambrian showed essentially the same results. Therefore, δ18O records of ophiolites that are invariant at different Earth ages can be explained by the relative insensitivity of oceanic rocks to seawater δ18O and do not require constant seawater δ18O through time.
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Johnson, Susan C., Leslie R. Fyffe, Malcolm J. McLeod, and Gregory R. Dunning. "U–Pb ages, geochemistry, and tectonomagmatic history of the Cambro-Ordovician Annidale Group: a remnant of the Penobscot arc system in southern New Brunswick?1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 2012): 166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-031.

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The Penobscot arc system of the northeastern Appalachians is an Early Cambrian to early Tremadocian (ca. 514–485 Ma) ensialic to ensimatic arc–back-arc complex that developed along the margin of the peri-Gondwanan microcontinent Ganderia. Remnants of this Paleozoic arc system are best preserved in the Exploits Subzone of central Newfoundland. Correlative rocks in southern New Brunswick are thought to occur in the ca. 514 Ma Mosquito Lake Road Formation of the Ellsworth Group and ca. 497–493 Ma Annidale Group; however in the past, the work that has been conducted on the latter has been of a preliminary nature. New data bearing on the age and tectonic setting of the Annidale Group provides more conclusive evidence for this correlation. The Annidale Group contains subalkaline, tholeiitic to transitional, basalts to basaltic andesites, picritic tuffs and calc-alkaline to tholeiitic felsic dome complexes that have geochemical signatures consistent with suprasubduction zone magmatism that was likely generated in a back-arc basin. New U–Pb ages establish that the Late Cambrian to Early Tremadocian Annidale Group and adjacent ca. 541 Ma volcanic rocks of the Belleisle Bay Group in the New River belt were affected by a period of younger magmatism ranging in age from ca. 479–467 Ma. This provides important constraints on the timing of tectonism in the area. A ca. 479 Ma age for the Stewarton Gabbro that stitches the faulted contact between the Annidale and Belleisle Bay groups, demonstrates that structural interleaving and juxtaposition occurred during early Tremadocian time, which closely coincides with the timing of obduction of Penobscottian back-arc ophiolites onto the Ganderian margin in Newfoundland.
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Dilek, Yildirim, and Harald Furnes. "Tethyan ophiolites and Tethyan seaways." Journal of the Geological Society 176, no. 5 (September 2019): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-129.

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Scharf, Andreas, Frank Mattern, Mohammed Al-Wardi, Gianluca Frijia, Daniel Moraetis, Bernhard Pracejus, Wilfried Bauer, and Ivan Callegari. "Chapter 5 Tectonic evolution of the Oman Mountains." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): 67–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.5.

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AbstractThe tectonic evolution of the Oman Mountains as of the Neoproterozoic begins with a major extensional event, the Neoproterozoic Abu Mahara rifting. It was followed by the compressional Nabitah event, still during the Neoproterozoic, in Oman but possibly not in the study area. During the earliest Cambrian, the Jabal Akhdar area was affected by the Cadomian Orogeny, marked by NE--SW shortening. It is unclear, whether the Saih Hatat area was exposed to the Cadomian deformation, too. Still during the lower Cambrian, the Angudan Orogeny followed, characterized by NW--SE shortening. An episode of rifting affected the Saih Hatat area during the mid-Ordovician. During the mid-Carboniferous, both dome areas were deformed by tilting and large-scale open folding in the course of the ‘Hercynian’ event. As a consequence, a major unconformity formed. As another Late Paleozoic event, the Permian break-up of Pangaea and subsequent formation of the Hawasina ocean basin, are recorded in the Southeastern Oman Mountains. As a result, a passive margin formed which existed until the mid-Cretaceous, characterized by deposition of mostly shelfal carbonates. This interval of general tectonic quiescence was interrupted during the early Jurassic by uplift and tilting of the Arabian Platform. The platform collapsed during the late Cretaceous, related to the arrival of the obducted allochthonous nappes including the Semail Ophiolite, transforming the passive margin to an active margin.The Semail Ophiolite formed most likely above a subduction zone within the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Cenomanian while parts of the Arabian Plate were subducted to the NE. Formation of oceanic lithosphere and SW-thrusting was broadly coeval, resulting in ophiolite obduction onto the Hawasina Basin. The Semail Ophiolite and the Hawasina rocks combined were thrust further onto the Arabian Plate. Their load created a foreland basin and forebulge within the Arabian Platform. Once the continental lithosphere of the Arabian Platform was forced into the subduction zone, a tear between the dense oceanic lithosphere and the buoyant continental lithosphere developed. This led to rapid uplift and exhumation of subducted continental lithosphere of the Saih Hatat area, while obduction was still going on, causing in multiple and intense folding/thrusting within the eastern Saih Hatat Dome. Exhumation of the Saih Hatat Dome was massive. The emplacement of the ophiolite was completed during the Campanian/Maastrichtian. For completeness, we also present alternative models for the developmental history of the Semail Ophiolite.Immediately after emplacement, the Arabian lithosphere underwent intense top-to-the-NE extensional shearing. Most of the Saih Hatat Dome was exhumed during the latest Cretaceous to Early Eocene, associated with major extensional shearing at its flanks. Further convergence during the late Eocene to Miocene resulted in exhumation of the Jabal Akhdar Dome and some gentle exhumation of the Saih Hatat Dome, shaping the present-day Southeastern Oman Mountains. In the coastal area, east and SE of the Saih Hatat Dome, some late Cretaceous to present-day uplift is evident by, e.g., uplifted marine terraces. The entire Oman Mountains are uplifting today, which is evident by the massive wadi incision into various rock units, including wadi deposits which may form overhangs.
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Scharf, Andreas, Frank Mattern, Mohammed Al-Wardi, Gianluca Frijia, Daniel Moraetis, Bernhard Pracejus, Wilfried Bauer, and Ivan Callegari. "Chapter 4 Large-scale structure of the study area." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 54, no. 1 (2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m54.4.

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AbstractThe Southeastern Oman Mountains are dominated by two major culminations: the Jabal Akhdar and Saih Hatat domes, surrounded by allochthonous and/or neo-autochthonous rocks. In the cores of both domes, folded autochthonous and par-autochthonous pre-Permian metasedimentary rocks are exposed, subjacent to the ‘Hercynian’ Unconformity. Above the unconformity are Permo--Mesozoic shelfal sedimentary rocks, characterized by carbonates. These sedimentary rocks were openly folded. The open folds are large-scale elongate structures that define the shapes of both domes. The main elongation direction is NW--SE. Doming is syn- to post-obductional. Most margins of the domes are marked by major post-obductional, extensional faults. Reactivated basement faults along the eastern margin of the Jabal Akhdar Dome may be responsible for the straight NNE-striking eastern margin which is perpendicular to the main elongation direction of the domes. The deep structure of both domes is poorly known. However, the Moho depth below the centre of the Jabal Akhdar Dome is at 50 km. We present a geological map of both domes, depicting the main faults and folds, and schematic cross-sections, parallel and perpendicular to the Oman Mountains.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology"

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Johnson, Shannon D. "Structural geology of the Usakos Dome in the Damara Belt, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50457.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The northeast-trending south Central Zone (sCZ) of the Pan-African Damara belt in central Namibia is structurally characterized by kilometer-scale, northeast-trending dome structures developed in Neoproterozoic rocks of the Damara Sequence. A number of different structural models have been proposed for the formation of these domes in the literature. This study describes the structural geology of the Usakos dome. The study discusses the structural evolution of the dome within the regional framework of the cSZ that represents the high-grade metamorphic axis of the Damara Belt, characterized by voluminous Pan-African granitoids. The northeastern part of the Usakos dome is developed as an upright- to northwestverging anticlinorium containing a steep southeasterly-dipping axial planar foliation. The northeast fold trend persists into the southwestern parts of the Usakos dome. However, this southwestern core of the dome is inundated by synkinematic granitic sheets. Distinct marker horizons of the Damara Sequence outcrop as screens within the granite, preserving a ghost stratigraphy. These screens illustrate the position and orientation of second-order folds. Significantly, most of the stratigraphy of the Damara Sequence is overturned in these folds. For example, some second-order anticlines developed in the northeastern parts of the Usakos dome can be followed along their axial traces into the southwestern hinge of the dome, where they appear as synformal anticlines, i.e. synformal structures cored by older strata, plunging towards the northeast. The inverted stratigraphy and northeasterly fold plunges suggest the northeast-trending folds are refolded by second-generation, northwest-trending folds, thus, forming kilometer-scale Type-2 interference folds. The resulting fold geometries are strongly non-cylindrical, approaching southwest-closing sheath folds indicating a top-to-the-southwest material transport. Lower-order folds in this overturned domain show radial fold plunges, plunging away from the centre of the dome core, as well as a shallowly-dipping schistosity. The close spatial and temporal relationship between granite intrusion and the formation of the southwest-vergent, sheath-type folds, radial distribution of fold plunges and the subhorizontal foliation confined to the southwestern hinge of the Usakos dome are interpreted to signify the rheological weakening and ensuing collapse of the developing first-order Usakos dome immediately above the synkinematic granite intrusions. Orogenparallel, southwest-vergent sheath folds and top-to-the southwest extrusion of the southwestern parts of the Usakos dome and northwest-vergent folding and thrusting characterizing the northeastern extent of the Usakos dome are both responses to the northwest-southeast- directed contractional tectonics recorded during the main collisional phase in the Damara belt. On a regional scale, the Usakos dome represents the link between the foreland-vergent northeastern part of the sCZ and the southwest-vergent, high-grade southwestern parts of the sCZ. The results of this study illustrate how dramatic variations in structural styles may be caused by the localized and transient rheological weakening of the crust during plutonic activity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die noordoos-strekkende, suidelike Sentrale Sone (sSS) van die Pan-Afrikaanse Damara gordel in sentraal Namibië word karakteriseer deur kilometer-skaal, noordoosstrekkende koepel strukture, ontwikkel in die Neoproterozoïkum gesteentes van die Damara Opeenvolging. 'n Aantal verskillende struktuur modelle is voorgestel in die literatuur vir die vorming van hierdie koepels. Hierdie ondersoek beskryf die struktuur geologie van die Usakos koepel. Die ondersoek bespreek die strukturele ontwikkeling van die koepel in die regionale konteks van die sSS, wat die hoë graadse metamorfe magmatiese as van die Damara Gordel verteenwoordig, en karakteriseer word deur omvangryke Pan-Afrikaanse granitoïede. Die noordoostelike gedeelte van die Usakos koepel is ontwikkel as 'n antiklinorium met 'n vertikale- tot noordwestelike kantelrigting. wat 'n steil hellende, suidoostelike asvlak planêre foliasie bevat. Die noordoos-strekkende plooiing kom voor tot in die suidwestelike kern van die Usakos wat ingedring is deur sinkinematiese granitiese plate. Die posisie en oriëntasie van tweede-orde plooie is afgebeeld in die graniete deur 'n skimstratigrafie wat preserveer is deur duidelike merker horisonne van die Damara Opeenvolging. Die stratigrafie van die Damara Opeenvolging is opmerklik meestal omgekeer in hierdie plooie. Byvoorbeeld, tweede-orde antikliene ontwikkel in die noordoostelike gedeelte van die Usakos koepel kan gevolg word langs hul asvlakspore tot in die suidwestelike skarnier van die koepel, waar dit voorkom as sinforme antikliene, d.w.s. sinforme strukture met ouer strata in die kern wat na die noordooste duik. Die omgekeerde stratigrafie en noordoostelike plooi duiking impliseer dat die noordoosstrekkende plooie weer geplooi is deur tweede-generasie, noordwes-strekkende plooie, wat dus aanleiding gegee het tot die vorming van kilometer-skaal, tipe-2 interferensie plooie. Die gevolglike plooi geometrieë is uitdruklik nie-silindries, en toon 'n oorgang na skede plooie met 'n sluiting na die suidweste, wat dui op 'n bokant-na-die-suidweste materiaal vervoer. Laer-orde plooie in die omgekeerde domein vertoon radiale duiking van die plooie, weg van die middelpunt van die koepel kern, sowel as 'n vlak hellende skistositeit. Die noue ruimtelike en temporele verwantskap tussen graniet intrusie en die vorming van skede-tipe plooie met 'n kantelrigting na die suidweste, die radiale verspreiding van plooi duiking, en die subhorisontale foliasie wat beperk is tot die suidwestelike skarnier van die Usakos koepel, word interpreteer as 'n aanduiding van die reologiese verswakking en die gevolglike ineenstorting van die ontwikkelende eerste-orde Usakos koepel, onmiddellik aan die bokant van die sinkinematiese graniet intrusies. Die orogeenparalleie skede plooie met kantelrigting na die suidweste en bokant-na-die-suidweste ekstrusie van die suidwestelike gedeelte van die Usakos koepel, en plooiing met kantelrigting na die noordweste en stootverskuiwing wat kenmerkend is van die noordoostelike gedeelte van die Usakos koepel, is beide 'n reaksie op die noordwessuidoos- gerigte vernouings tektoniek opgeteken gedurende die hoof botsings fase in die Damara gordel. Op 'n regionale skaal verteenwoordig die Usakos koepel die verbinding tussen die noordoostelike gedeelte van die sSS met 'n voorland kantelrigting. en die hoë graad suidwestelike gedeelte van die sSS met 'n kantelrigting na die suidweste. Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek toon aan hoe dramatiese variasies in struktuur style veroorsaak kan word deur die gelokaliseerde en kortstondige reologiese verswakking van die kors gedurende plutoniese aktiwiteit.
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Glascock, Jacob M. "Exhumation of the Orlica-Snieznik Dome, northeastern Bohemian massif (Poland and Czech Republic)." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1107879485.

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Crowley, James L. Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "U-Pb geochronology in Frenchman Cap dome of the Monashee complex, southern Canadian Cordillera; early Tertiary tectonic overprint of a Proterozoic history." Ottawa, 1997.

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Weiland, Richard John. "Emplacement of the Irian ophiolite and unroofing of the Ruffaer metamorphic belt of Irian Jaya, Indonesia /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Nejad, K. S. "The geology and tectonic settings of ophiolites and associated rocks in the Neyriz area, south-eastern Iran." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373604.

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He, Wenjun. "The dalabute ophiolite of the West Junggar Region, Xinjiang, NW China : origin, emplacement and subsequent tectonic evolution /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2472886x.

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Jacobson, Herbert Paul. "Folding of stratigraphic layers in ice domes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6837.

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Clements, James Wesley. "Laramide stress conditions and deformations mechanisms during the formation of Hudson and Dallas Domes, Lander Quadrangle, Wind River Mountains, Lander, Wyoming." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5640.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file and four media files (media file 1.pdf, media file 2.pdf, media file 3.pdf, and media file 4.pdf) Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 25, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Morse, David L. "Glacier geophysics at Taylor Dome, Antarctica /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6801.

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Brown, Stuart J. A. "Geology and geochemistry of the Whakamaru Group ignimbrites, and associated rhyolite domes, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6895.

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The Whakamaru group ignimbrites are a Widespread and voluminous group of welded crystal-rich ignimbrites which outcrop along the eastern and western margins of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand. They have previously been mapped as Whakamaru (s.s), Manunui, Rangitaiki, Te Whaiti, and Paeroa ignimbrites, and have a combined volume of more than 1000km³ (DRE). The ignimbrites were erupted from a large vent area within central TVZ at 340ka, following a c.350ka hiatus in caldera forming activity in TVZ. This study investigates field and volcanological aspects of the ignimbrites, the geochemistry of pumice clasts and plutonic lithics, and the geochemistry of rhyolite lavas of the Western Dome Belt (WDB). The postulated vent area for the ignimbrites lies to the north of Lake Taupo and overlaps with the younger Taupo and Maroa volcanoes. Maximum lithic data indicate that the western margin of the vent area was located at or within a few kilometres east of the WDB, and probably overlapped with the northern part of Lake Taupo, providing clear support for a North Taupo/ Maroa caldera source. Isopleths close around an area previously modelled as a deep basement collapse structure, suggesting this area may have been an important focus of eruption and collapse within a broad 'Whakamaru Centre' comprising several nested collapse structures. On the basis of field evidence, mineral chemistry, and new Ar-Ar dates, Whakamaru, Manunui, Rangitaiki, Te Whaiti, Wairakei, and Paeroa Range Group (PRG) ignimbrites are considered to be correlatives. Manunui ignimbrite represents the stratigraphically lowest unit(s) of Whakamaru that is locally more highly welded and is less crystal rich in distal areas. Manunui ignimbrite therefore correlates with unit A of Briggs (1976) at Maraetai. East of TVZ, Te Whaiti ignimbrite also corresponds to the lowermost part of Lower Rangitaiki ignimbrite, with a gradational boundary between the two. There is no clear evidence for a significant time break between either Manunui and Whakamaru, or Te Whaiti and Rangitaiki ignimbrites. High precision Ar-Ar dating indicates eruptions occurred over a period of less than c.5ka, and lack of field evidence for a significant time break suggests a duration of no more than hundreds of years. Electron microprobe analysis of whole-rock samples throughout the ignimbrite sequence identify multiple populations of hornblende and biotite, whereas orthopyroxene has a relatively narrow compositional range. There is apparently no systematic variation in the chemistry of ferromagnesian silicate minerals with stratigraphic height. In contrast, Fe-Ti oxide minerals show considerable variability with stratigraphic height, becoming more Mg-rich toward the base of the ignimbrite. There is a corresponding trend in calculated Fe-Ti oxide temperatures, with generally high equilibrium temperatures (800-820°C) at the base, and generally lower, but widely variable (730-900+°C) temperatures in middle and upper parts. Study of juvenile pumices has identified five distinct magma types (rhyolites A-D, and high alumina basalt) and significant gradients in temperature, water content, and Sr isotopic composition in the preeruptive magma system. Rhyolite pumice clasts range from 70 to 77 wt% SiO₂, and mixed basalt/rhyolite clasts range from 51.7 to 68.0% SiO₂. There is a marked variation in mineral assemblage with composition. The low silica type A rhyolite pumices contain plagioclase, quartz, orthopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, and magnetite with distinctive large rounded quartz phenocrysts. High silica type B and C pumices contain quartz (smaller, subhedral phenocrysts), plagioclase, sanidine, biotite, and magnetite/ilmenite. Biotite therefore becomes the dominant mafic phase at high silica compositions as orthopyroxene and hornblende disappear in response to increasing P(H20) and decreasing temperature conditions. Calculated Fe-Ti oxide equilibrium temperatures range from 730°C in high silica pumices to 820°C in low silica type A pumices. Rare earth elements show a general enrichment in the more evolved pumices, and progressively increasing Eu* from type A to C. More evolved rhyolite types B and C are related to type A magma by a two-stage crystal fractionation process, probably by side wall crystallisation and convective fractionation within a large, zoned magma chamber. The first step involved 30-40% fractionation of a plagioclase-dominated (but sanidine-free) assemblage to produce a type B magma, which in turn underwent fractionation of a plagioclase/quartzlsanidine assemblage to produce the highly evolved, but relatively Ba-depleted type C magmas. Petrographic and temperature trends in ignimbrite wholerock suggest that eruptions commenced with the hottest, least evolved magmas, and more evolved magmas became important at a later stage in the eruption. This sequence precludes simple sequential tapping of a large zoned magma chamber, and indicates a complex magma chamber configuration and/or withdrawal dynamics during eruption. Two types of plutonic lithics have been recovered from Whakamaru group ignimbrite; leucocratic biotite monzogranite, and medium- to fine-grained dolerites. Whakamaru granites are chemicallymore evolved, and are strongly depleted in HREE compared to granitoid lithics from Atiamuri and Tarawera. They are chemically unlike pumices from Whakamaru group ignimbrite, and are not comagmatic. Rhyolite lavas of the WDB were extruded along a N-S trending curvilinear structure that marks the western boundary of the TVZ, and also coincides with the western margin of the Whakamaru caldera. Analyses fall into two compositional groups; the Western Dome Complex, south of the Waikato River are chemically variable (73.4-76.4% SiO₂), whereas the Northwestern Dome Complex are predominantly high-silica rhyolites (>77% SiO₂). The lavas have similar trace element and REE characteristics to Whakamaru pumices, but have lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, indicating they are not simply degassed remnants of the Whakamaru magma system, but represent new crustal melts. The Whakamaru magma system provides clear evidence that (less evolved) low silica rhyolites undergo significant fractionation at shallow crustal levels in TVZ, to produce the generally more evolved rhyolites most commonly erupted at the surface. Type A magma with its relatively high Sr, low Rb and SiO₂, and lack of a significant Eu anomaly may be close to a 'primary' crustal melt composition. Trace element and REE characteristics for selected rhyolite domes and ignimbrites suggest the crustal source for TVZ rhyolites is not homogenous, but may be variable, at least with respect to mineral composition and melting behaviour in space and time.
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Books on the topic "Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology"

1

Majerowicz, Alfred. Krótki przewodnik terenowy po skałach ofiolitowego zespołu Ślęży oraz ich petrologicznej i geologicznej historii. Wrocław: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2006.

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Lecuyer, C. Hydrothermalisme fossile dans une paléocroûte océanique associée à un centre d'expansion lent: Le complexe ophiolithique de Trinity, N. Californie, U.S.A. Rennes: Editions du Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1990.

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W, Shelton A., and Gass I. G, eds. The ophiolite of northern Oman. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the Geological Society by Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986.

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Jīyūlūjīyat ṣukhūr al-qishrah al-muḥīṭīyah (al-awfīyūlīt) bi-Dawlat al-Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Mutaḥiddah. Dubayy: Nadwat al-Thaqāfah wa-al-ʻUlūm, 2013.

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Bisschoff, A. A. The geology of the Vredefort Dome. Pretoria: Council for Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa, 1999.

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Estratigrafía y estructura del domo de Lugo (sector oeste de la zona asturoccidental-leonesa). La Coruña: Fundación "Pedro Barrie de la Maza, Conde Fenosa", 1985.

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Cymerman, Zbigniew. Structure, kinematics and an evolution of the Orlica-Śnieżnik dome, Sudetes =: Struktura, kinematyka i rozwój kopuły Orlicko-Śnieżnickiej w Sudetach. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, 1997.

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Fuis, Gary S. The geology and mechanics of formation of the Fort Rock dome, Yavapai County, Arizona. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Ophiolite Conference (1990 Muscat, Oman). Ophiolite genesis and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: Proceedings of the Ophiolite Conference, held in Muscat, Oman, 7-18 January 1990. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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Colliston, W. P. Structural studies in the Vredefort Dome: Preliminary interpretations of results on the southern portion of the structure. Johannesburg: University 0f the Witwatersrand, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology"

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Karson, Jeffrey A. "From Ophiolites to Oceanic Crust: Sheeted Dike Complexes and Seafloor Spreading." In Springer Geology, 459–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1666-1_13.

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Llanes Castro, Angelica Isabel, and Harald Furnes. "Geochemical Fingerprinting of Ancient Oceanic Basalts: Classification of the Cuban Ophiolites." In Geology of Cuba, 219–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67798-5_6.

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Shahien, Mohamed G., Mokhles K. Azer, and Paul D. Asimow. "Neoproterozoic Ophiolites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield." In The Geology of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, 297–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72995-0_12.

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Gahlan, Hisham A., Mokhles K. Azer, Paul D. Asimow, and Zakaria Hamimi. "The Mantle Section of Neoproterozoic Ophiolites from the Pan-African Belt, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Tectonomagmatic Evolution, Metamorphism, and Mineralization." In Regional Geology Reviews, 309–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49771-2_12.

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Fowler, Abdel-Rahman, and Zakaria Hamimi. "Structural and Tectonic Framework of Neoproterozoic Basement of Egypt: From Gneiss Domes to Transpression Belts." In The Geology of Egypt, 81–129. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15265-9_3.

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El Bahariya, Gaafar A. "Ghadir Ophiolites, Eastern Desert, Egypt: A Complete Sequence of Oceanic Crust in the Arabian-Nubian Shield." In The Geology of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, 331–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72995-0_13.

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Ali, Asghar, and Hikmat Salam. "Tectonic Evolution of the Metamorphic Core Complex Around the Kotah and Loe Sar Domes, Swat, North Pakistan." In The Structural Geology Contribution to the Africa-Eurasia Geology: Basement and Reservoir Structure, Ore Mineralisation and Tectonic Modelling, 37–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01455-1_9.

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Fedkin, Valentin V., Theodore D. Burlick, Mary L. Leech, Andrey A. Shchipansky, Peter M. Valizer, and W. G. Ernst. "Petrotectonic origin of mafic eclogites from the Maksyutov subduction complex, south Ural Mountains, Russia." In Plate Tectonics, Ophiolites, and Societal Significance of Geology: A Celebration of the Career of Eldridge Moores. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2552(09).

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ABSTRACT The Maksyutov complex is a mid- to late-Paleozoic high- to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) eclogite-bearing subduction zone terrane in the south Ural Mountains. Previous reports of radial fractures emanating from quartz inclusions in garnet, omphacite, and glaucophane, cuboid graphite pseudomorphs after matrix diamond, and microdiamond aggregates preserved in garnet identified by Raman spectroscopy indicate that parts of the complex were subjected to physical conditions of ∼600 °C and >2.8 GPa for coesite-bearing rocks, and >3.2 GPa for diamond-bearing rocks. Peak UHP eclogite-facies metamorphism took place at ca. 385 Ma, and rocks were exhumed through retrograde blueschist-facies conditions by ca. 360 Ma. Bulk analyses of 18 rocks reflect the presence of mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB), oceanic-island basalt (OIB), and island-arc tholeiite (IAT) basaltic and andesitic series plus their metasomatized equivalents. To more fully constrain the petrotectonic evolution of the complex, we computed isochemical phase equilibria models for representative metabasites in the system Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-TiO2 based on our new bulk-rock X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data. Both conventional Fe-Mg exchange thermometry and phase equilibrium modeling result in higher peak equilibrium temperatures than were previously reported for the complex. Pseudosection analysis provides minimum P-T conditions of 650–675 °C and 2.4–2.6 GPa for peak assemblages of the least retrogressed Maksyutov eclogites, whereas Fe-Mg exchange thermometry yields temperatures of 750 ± 25 °C for a pressure of 2.5 GPa. We interpret our new P-T data to reflect a thermal maximum reached by the eclogites on their initial decompression-exhumation stage, that defines a metamorphic field gradient; the relict coesite and microdiamond aggregates previously reported testify to pressure maxima that define an earlier prograde subduction zone gradient. The eclogitic Maksyutov complex marks underflow of the paleo-Asian oceanic plate and does not represent subduction of the Siberian cratonal margin.
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Francis, Robert D., Gregory J. Holk, Tor B. Lacy, and Charles T. Walker. "Coalescing upper-crust detachment faults as a major structural style in the Great Basin: Evidence from the White Pine and Horse Ranges, east-central Nevada, USA." In Plate Tectonics, Ophiolites, and Societal Significance of Geology: A Celebration of the Career of Eldridge Moores. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2552(05).

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ABSTRACT Determining the origin and evolution of basin-and-range geomorphology and structure in the western United States is a fundamental problem with global implications for continental tectonics. Has the extensional tectonic development of the Great Basin been dominated by steeply dipping (horst and graben) faulting or detachment faulting? The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that attenuation due to multiple coalescing detachment faults has been a significant or dominant upper-crustal process in at least some areas of the Great Basin. We present mapping at a scale of 1:3000 and seismic refraction profiling of an area at the discontinuity between the White Pine and Horse Ranges, east-central Nevada, USA, which indicate the existence of a detachment rooted in an argillaceous ductile unit. This fault, which we call the Currant Gap detachment, coalesces with the previously mapped regional White Pine detachment. Our data suggest that the Currant Summit strike-slip fault at the surface, previously proposed to explain a nearly 2500 m east-west surface offset between the two ranges, likely does not exist. If a discontinuity exists at depth, it could be manifested at the surface by the undulating topography of the two coalescing detachments. On the other hand, offset domal uplifts in the two ranges would obviate the need for any lateral discontinuity at depth to explain the observed surface features. Our previous mapping of the White Pine detachment showed that it extends over the White Pine, Horse, and Grant Ranges and into Railroad Valley (total of 3000 km2). Accordingly, we propose a model of stacked, coalescing detachments above the metamorphic infrastructure; these detachments are regional and thus account for most of the basin-range relief and upper-crust extension in this area. An essential feature of our model is that these detachments are rooted in ductile units. Detachments that have been observed in brittle units could have initiated at a time when elevated temperatures or fluid flow enhanced the ductility of the rocks. The Currant Gap and White Pine detachments exhibit distinctive types of fluid-genetic silicified rocks. Study of such rocks in fault contacts could provide insights into the initiation and early history of detachment faulting as well as the migration of fluids, including petroleum.
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Nicolas, Adolphe. "Ophiolites and oceanic lithosphere." In Phanerozoic Regional Geology of the World, 820–35. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53042-4.00027-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ophiolites Domes (Geology) Geology"

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Cook, J. Carlton, and Frank W. Harrison. "Geology and development history of jennings salt dome 1901–1985: clue to future of gulf coast salt domes." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1893185.

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Fattaruso, Laura, Debra Buczkowski, Eileen M. McGowan, and George McGill. "GEOLOGY OF LACHESIS TESSERA – A QUADRANGLE OF VENUS CONTAINING TESSERA TERRAINS, CORONAE, RIDGE BELTS, SHIELD FLOWS, PANCAKE DOMES, AND REGIONAL PLAINS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-356057.

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