Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opinion publique allemande'
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Laborie, Pierre. "L'opinion publique et les représentations de la crise d'identité nationale, 1936-1944." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20061.
Full textIn the passionate relationship that the french have with their history, the problem of attitudes during the vichy regime constitutes one of the essential stakes of their memory and national identity. This subject is till badly known and stereotypes too often replace solid arguments. This work is organized around two mains orientations. First, a methodological principle : the analysis of systems of representations by which public opinion perceives reality allows one to elucidate the way it functions. The study of "imaginaire social" opens up perspectives in the history of public opinion. When considered from the point of view of mentalities, public opinion can be studied separately from the immediacy of events and from the sphere of ideas. Secondly, the way the topic is treated aims to avoid being hedged in by the strong particularity of this period. Beyond any rudimentary determinism, many kinds of behavior which were revealed during the vichy years appear to have been the prolongation of previous latent patterns and logics. This study, in addition to the methodological questions it raises, is an attempt to isolate the ruling forces at work behind the principal attitudes in vichy france. While it underlines the multiplicity of influential factors at work and insists upon the complexity of a subtle and constant ambivalence, it also points to an evolution that denies some too simple or too generally accepted views. This is particulary true when public reactions are interpreted as oppor
DURAND, JEAN DANIEL DELBREIL JEAN CLAUDE. "L'OPINION MOSELLANE FACE A LA POLITIQUE ALLEMANDE JANVIER 1933 - SEPTEMBRE 1939 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Durand.Jean_Daniel.LMZ9801.pdf.
Full textDurand, Jean-Daniel. "L'opinion mosellane face à la politique allemande : janvier 1933-septembre 1939." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Durand.Jean_Daniel.LMZ9801_1.pdf.
Full textOne of the main goals of this research is to establish the evolution of political analyses and commentaries by the press in moselle for the whole period (completed by archive documents). Events in german interior and exterior policy affect the sensitivity of journalists in moselle. In this type of nearly erupting volcano that europe became starting in 1935-36, it is difficult for observers, even ones as well-informed as journalists, to form and voice steady opinions. How can you not give in to dread when germany is hurriedly rearming and remilitarizing, not succumb to panic when hitlerian acts of force are multiplying ? Should a rapprochement with berlin be attempted or, on the contrary, should one remain aloof and rearm ? Can the religious persecutions of the third reich be condemned at the risk of seeing "catholic brothers" across the rhine undergo even greater harassment ? Is it possible, conceivable, to set off a conflict with its accompanying deaths and disasters (the memory of the first world war is still present in remarks made) in order to save "weak" austria, "little" czechoslovakia, "non-existent" memel ? These few examples show the difficult situations about which people in the moselle will react, worry, demonstrate. If the moselle population can sometimes have doubts, the journalists must reach decisions, choose, be affirmative, and all this while undergoing local and national political influences. Hate, or sympathy for, the front populaire still has repercussions. Parliamentary, and especially ministerial, fits and starts sometimes put the written press into annoying situations leading to feelings of impotence and, in reaction, the wish of certain journalists to see a strong government set up, one having an unwavering, firm policy. So many french and international events punctuate the period studied ! They will highly influence the evolution of public opinion. Other than the influence of the "leagues", the war in abyssinia, the war in spain, the franco-russian entente, british "appeasement", are all part of these marking events that have probably weighed on the thoughts and minds of northern Lorraine
Geiger, Wolfgang. "L'image de la France dans l'Allemagne hitlérienne et pendant l'après-guerre immédiat." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT3007.
Full textThis analysis of the image of france and the french is based on about a hundred of monographs (political and historical works, journalistic reports, memories of soldiers). Concerning the war period, we have also exploited the weekly das reich and special reviews as well as archive documents dealing with the perception of the french by the german authorities and with their cultural propaganda. The analysis demonstrates that until 1938, in the context of hitler's peace propaganda", different views of the french could coexist: first, friedrich sieburg's approach which was nevertheless marked by a sentiment of "love and hate", second, paul distelbarth's francophile approach (eclipsed by the defense of nazi germany in the french edition of his book); and third, the ethno-racism of the so-called "raciologues". But all tendencies agreed on the antithetical opposition between french and german "being", culminating in the idea that the french work for living whereas the german live for working. But different political judgements about the degree of "french guiltiness" in this war were opposing each other even in the propaganda writings of 1939 40. Behind the problems of tactics which dominated during the occupation of france, concerning the question of collaboration from the german point of view, the stereotypical perception of the french was intensified, but more than one author revealed a sentiment of ambiguity or even of "love and hate" in a sieburgian way, at least by being jealous of the status of the intellectuals and more generally of culture in france. Were the french able to change their attitude after german victory and under the pressure of collaboration, this was the question dominating the writings about vichy france. The last part of the thesis points out in which mesure many of these stereotypes persisted in occupied western germany, beyond the political turn of 1945
Schaarschmidt, Thomas. "Außenpolitik und öffentliche Meinung in Großbritannien während des deutsch-französischen Krieges von 1870/71 /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Bern : P. Lang, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39014475s.
Full textDucange, Jean-Numa. "Élaborer, écrire et diffuser l'histoire de la "Grande Révolution française" dans les social-démocraties allemande et autrichienne, 1889-1934." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL029.
Full textFor several decades, the "Great French Revolution" was a privileged object of study for the German and Austrian Social Democrats. From the centenary of 1889 to the triumph of National Socialism, the Social Democrats strove to offer a particular reading of the French Revolution of 1789-1799 that was extension of the first analyses of Marx, Engels and Lassalle. Although substantial, their output was not confined to simply the mass of books written on this theme. Taking its distance from traditional manners of looking at the history of ideas and organisations, this dissertation tries to understand how an historical reference is inscribed in the framework of an organisation and the debates which traverse it, with the help of hitherto underutilised sources (pamphlets, workers' almanachs, journals and party educational material. . . ) The history of the French Revolution is viewed multi-perspectivally, a method which allows one to measure the influence of French historiography in Social Democratic circles in the germanophone countries, whilst also casting another light on the "classics" on the Revolution such as the works of Jean Jaurès and Albert Mathiez
Poumet, Jacques. "La satire en republique democratique allemande (1971-1980) : conditions, fonctions et problemes. etude des cabarets satiriques et de la revue eulenspiegel." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080244.
Full textThe satirical cabarets and the satirical press have strong institutional foundations in the gdr. After the eighth congress of the sed, the speech used on satire in the gdr is characterized by a swaying movement between encouragement and reserve. Cabaret texts usually go further than those of eulenspigel: they question the cogency of certain standards and tackle topics which continue to be tabooed in the satirical press (the sed, the excesses of ideological surveillance, intershops, etc. ). Satirical texts reflect the neuralgic points of public opinion: they give information abaout a number of ideas shared by most adressees, on aggregate yearnings and dissatisfactions, on the way in which the specific features of public space in the gdr are felt. The implicit and comedy are two basic strategies of satire. By using the implicit, the satirist stresses the illicit aspect of his speech and suggests that his public should look for innuendoes in the whole of the speech. Comedy has a complex strategic function of attraction (establishing connivance) and of provocation (irreverence towards the symbols of power). Cabarets and eulenspiegel make different uses of these two strategies
Calvignac, Jean-Pierre. "Les habitants d'Ile-de-France devant l'invasion étrangère, 1870-1871 : image de l'autre et image de soi." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010634.
Full textVogt, Gilles. "Neutres face à la guerre franco-allemande (1870-1871) ? : diplomatie et dynamiques d'opinions dans les Etats de Suisse, de Belgique et du Danemark." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG010/document.
Full textNoting the cross-border nature of the political and cultural challenges raised by the Franco-German War of 1870-1871, this doctoral thesis proposes to question the experience of neutrality within the societies of three States – Denmark, Switzerland and Belgium – chosen for their complementarity in terms of strategy, geography, institutions and constitutional organisation. Diplomatic documents, administrative archives, newspapers, publications, artistic works, letters and private documentation serve a transnational study divided into three main directions. The first direction reveals the technical and technological environment in which neutrals operate, the feelings betrayed by their testimonies and their efforts to become and remain non-belligerent. The second direction interrogates the involvement of the neutrals during the war through – among others – the trajectories of philanthropists and volunteer soldiers. The third orientation poses a seemingly paradoxical question: is the neutral a victor or a vanquished of the war of 1870-1871 ?
Cormier, Yannick. "Im Spiegel der Parteipresse : la perception de la dénazification par les partis politiques sarrois : 1946-1947." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24838/24838.pdf.
Full textJardin, Pierre. ""Die Dolchstoßlegende" : la légende du coup de poignard." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040074.
Full textThe belief of " stab in the back " presents the German defeat of November 1918 as a direct consequence of the revolution, which is considered as the victory of social-democracy. The study of the documents shows that the defeat does not occur as a consequence of the revolution: short before the end of war, the military situation of Germany is desperate, its army is collapsing and fights a guerrilla war to contain the allied forces. The idea of "stab in the back" hides the responsibility of the military leaders in the failure. It emphasizes the responsibility of the political leaders, especially Bethmann Hollweg. While trying to incorporate the social-democracy using war in that way, he would have opened her the way to political power. The expression "stab in the back" embodies a return to the anti-socialist discourse that emerged before the war: the party is un-national, it rallied only in appearance the cause of national defence and represents a permanent threat to german unity. For these reasons, social-democracy should be kept aside of it. This conception will give one of the deepest roots of Hitler's discourse
Schillinger, Jean. "Les pamphlétaires allemands et la France de Louis XIV /." Bern ; Berlin ; Paris [etc.] : P. Lang, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37119335c.
Full textSchmidt, Peer. "Spanische Universalmonarchie oder "teutsche Libertet" : das spanische Imperium in der Propaganda des Dreißigjährigen Krieges /." Stuttgart : Steiner, 2001. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-1-035.
Full textReuther, Thomas. "Die ambivalente Normalisierung : Deutschlanddiskurs und Deutschlandbilder in den USA, 1941-1955 /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38814401g.
Full textStenschke, Oliver. "Rechtschreiben, Recht sprechen, recht haben - der Diskurs über die Rechtschreibreform : eine linguistische Analyse des Streits in der Presse /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41081914p.
Full textTrepsdorf, Daniel K. W. "Afrikanisches Alter Ego und europäischer Egoismus : eine komparative Studie zur Selbst- und Fremdenperzeption im Wilhelminischen Deutschland und Spätviktorianischen Großbritannien (1884-1914) : ausgewählte Aspekte zur Wahrnehmungskultur des "wilden schwarzen Anderen" sowie deren Konsequenzen für indigene Bevölkerung der britischen und deutschen Kolonien im südlichen Afrika /." Dresden : TUDpress, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410892000.
Full textJohnson, Christine R. "The German discovery of the world : Renaissance encounters with the strange and marvelous /." Charlottesville : University of Virginia press, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41316573c.
Full textCecil, Sarah. "Attitude empreinte d'ambivalence : Le New York Times face au régime de Vichy, 1940-1942." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28014/28014.pdf.
Full textO'Sullivan, Donal. "Furcht und Faszination : deutsche und britische Russlandbilder 1921-1933 /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37120539b.
Full textDharampal, Gita. "Indien im Spiegel deutscher Quellen der Frühen Neuzeit (1500-1750) : Studien zu einer interkulturellen Konstellation /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370393913.
Full textDelbarre, Roger. "Mutations des médiations, médiatisations et gestion des opinions en RDA : le cas de la jeunesse(1965-1989)." Grenoble 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE39005.
Full textSchneider, Marie-Alexandra. "Desseins politiques. Représentations iconographiques de la France en Sarre (1945-1956)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040104.
Full textIn the wake of World War II, the Saar was subjected to a specific treatment from the victors. Separated from the French zone of occupation, the territory is managed in autonomy and is economically tied with France from the end of 1947. Ten years later, the Saar returns to Germany. During this first post-war decade, perception of France changes. With the years passing by and depending on the local political forces, official or dissidents ones, France embodies both the face of the liberator and the invader, the partner and the enemy, the protector and the exploiter. France’s image turns into a conflict of representations, which will affect the campaign of the 1955 referendum. This is the main subject of this thesis. In order to determine the way France was depicted in the Saar between 1945 and 1956, we will establish two directions: we will analyse on one hand the depictions France carried out, with the help of the powers in place in the Saar, to subserve its political ambitions. On the other hand, we will study the dissident depictions published by those in favour of a return to Germany to end the special regime that had been in place since the end of the war. Taking into consideration that visual images nourish mental images, we will study iconographic depictions used in the communications means of the time, press and posters essentially, that circulated in the Saar between the arrival of the French troops in Sarrebruck and the end of this period of autonomy
Weske, Simone. "Die Kluft zwischen Regierenden und Regierten in der Europapolitik : ein deutsch-französischer Vergleich nationaler Repräsentationsprozesse in europapolitischen Fragen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0022.
Full textSometimes, national governments pursue a European policy which is not in line with the preferences of their citizens. Under what conditions such a gap between government and people can be bridged – and under what conditions it persits? This doctoral thesis examines this double question using the example of France and Germany. It develops seven hypotheses concerning the conditions of responsiveness (governmental action follows popular preferences) and of leadership (popular preferences follow governmental action). If neither repsonsiveness nor leadership is possible, a gap between government and people cannot be bridge, the thesis argues. The empirical findings confirm the hypotheseses. They show furthermore that varying political and cultural contextes offer varying chances of success for responsiveness and leadership : The French political system favours responsiveness whereas the German political system favours leadership. Moreover, the empirical findings show why it is often difficult to bridge the gap between government and people in European politics : Frequently, a lack of political offer hinders responsiveness and, at the same time, a lack of coherency within the political elite hinders effective leadership. These circumstances risk to alienate the wider public more and more from the process of European integration
Pelzer, Erich. "Die Wiederkehr des girondistischen Helden : deutsche Intellektuelle als kulturelle Mittler zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich während der Französischen Revolution /." Bonn : Bouvier Verl, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376424850.
Full textBlome, Astrid. "Das deutsche Russlandbild im frühen 18. Jahrhundert : Untersuchungen zur zeitgenössischen Presseberichterstattung über Russland unter Peter I. /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388256709.
Full textMorel, Jean-François. "Le New York Times devant la consolidation des Nazis au pouvoir et les premières persécutions des Juifs en Allemagne, 1933-1935." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48944.pdf.
Full textAlary, Éric. "La ligne de démarcation (1940-1944)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0036.
Full textMohr, Philipp Caspar. ""Kein Recht zur Einmischung"? : die politische und völkerrechtliche Reaktion Großbritanniens auf Hitlers "Machtergreifung" und die eisetzende Judenverfolgung /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39072809v.
Full textBrüning, Franziska. "La France et Heinrich Brüning : un chancelier allemand dans la perception française." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL013.
Full textThe political role of Brüning is a classic topic mainly within German historical science. Research questions usually focus on his political options and constraints regarding domestic as well as foreign relations levels. It becomes apparent that France’s policy toward Brüning can be best described as a blockade policy. Brüning did not possess the diplomatic skills of Stresemann. As a result, despite the Locarno Agreement, both countries contributed to the deterioration of French-German relations. Research on France’s policy toward Germany usually centers on political, economical or strategic aspects. A crucial question in this context has thus far been omitted: How did the French assess the chancellor and how did this image of Brüning influence France’s policy toward Germany? The methodical approach in this paper is derived from research on international relations. This separate branch within historical science deals with the impact of images and perceptions on international relations and provides a theoretical framework for research on the difficult question of the influence of public opinion on the formulation of foreign policies. Our analysis shows that the whole of France shared a common perception of Brüning. It becomes evident that Brüning revived old French fears of Germany and that France lacked a consistent strategy for dealing with its neighbor. The Brüning government’s methods with regard to foreign affairs and the underestimating of the national socialist danger in France contributed to a situation where emotionally and culturally loaded reasoning within the French political discourse became the basis for the formulation of the foreign policy alignment
Yuva, Ayşe. "L'efficace de la philosophie en temps de révolution : principes de gouvernement, enseignement et opinion publique en France et en Allemagne (1794-1815)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010694.
Full textLawaty, Andreas. "Das Ende Preussens in polnischer Sicht : zur Kontinuität negativer Wirkungen der preussischen Geschichte auf die deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen /." Berlin : [BRD] : W. de Gruyter, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366245767.
Full textMöllney, Ulrike. "Norddeutsche Presse um 1800 : Zeitschriften und Zeitungen in Flensburg, Braunschweig, Hannover und Schaumburg-Lippe im Zeitalter der Französischen Revolution /." Bielefeld : Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412460874.
Full textGökçe, Orhan. "Das Bild der Türken in der deutschen Presse : eine Inhaltsanalyse der Berichterstattung zum Besuch des türkischen Ministerpräsidenten Turgut Özal im Herbst 1984 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland /." Giessen : W. Schmitz, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366638321.
Full textPhilippon, Jean. "La Nuit des longs couteaux : histoire d'une intox /." Paris : le Grand livre du mois, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372170833.
Full textLangenbruch, Beate. "Images de l'Allemagne dans quelques chansons de geste des XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL583.
Full textEine historisch-soziologische Analyse ausgewählter Chansons de geste erweist, dass das Konzept Deutschland in den französischen Mentalitäten des Untersuchungszeitraums relevant ist. Die beiden Nachfolgerstaaten des Reichs Karls des Großen haben im 12. Und 13. Jh. Eine jeweils so starke Identität entwickelt, dass die Chanson de geste diese aufnimmt und ihrerseits fördern kann. Die altfranzösische Epik lässt unterschiedliche Grenzen Deutschlands erkennen: politische, geographisch-kulturelle, sprachliche sowie ethnographische. Verschiedene Gruppen und Individuen repräsentieren das Nachbarland Frankreichs: ihre tiefe Alterität wird von den Autoren in den Vordergrund des Darstellung gerückt. Dieser Wahrnehmung entsprechend gestaltet sich auch die epische Landschaft Deutschland, die mit Ausnahme einiger städtischer Zentren in ihrer Inberürtheit und Gefärlichkeit in Opposition zum Kulturraum Frankreich steht. Literarische Identität und Alterität bedingen einander aus politischen Gründen
Oberste-Keller, Clemens. "Perzeptionen schweizer Journalisten über die Nachwirkungen des Nationalsozialismus während der Gründungsphase der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : dargestellt am Beispiel der Aussagen des Tageblatts "Neue Zürcher Zeitung" im Untersuchungszeitraum /." Münster : Lit Verl, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37017620h.
Full textGayme, Évelyne. "L'image des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde guerre mondiale : 1940-2000." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100127.
Full textContrarily to World War One prisoners of war, those of World War Two have never been forgotten. Owing to the movie La Grande Illusion, which came out in 1937 and again in 1946, prisoners were in all minds, especially as every family knew a prisoner personally. A basic image spread, in which the French people recognized themselves : prisoners were victims, average Frenchmen. This image was created during the war and carried on, owing to movies, literature and the self-censored witnesses who agreed with the existing image. As prisoners of war feared they had to justify themselves for the French defeat, censored themselves and selected the tales they chose to tell. However the public opinion's view was only negative during summer and autumn of 1945, on account of the Pétain trial. But prisoners of war were officially proclaimed fighting men as from 1949. This image, though constantly present in society, did not alter much and at that only with the abilities of identification and the expectations of the French people. The prisoner of war was an ordinary man facing the gaullien resistant during the Sixties. He hated war while decolonization took place. He proved that the enemy could be human even when the Cold War demonized the Other. During the Fifties, a minority among senior prisoners rose against this image, which did not show their private sufferings and the values in which they believed. The prisoners chose the Seventies to reestablish a more realistic picture of what they had lived through and enlightered the dark hours of World War Two. Unsuccessfully : the French people being unable to identify with too specific an image. Nowadays, senior prisoners argue that each one of their experience was so unique that no one image can reflect the diversity or their traumas
Heine, Sophie. "Les résistances à l'intégration européenne en France et en Allemagne: une analyse des idéologies sous-tendant les critiques de gauche contre le Traité constitutionnel européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210553.
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This doctoral dissertation analyses the content of the critiques made by some left-wing social and political actors in France and Germany against the current EU. The study focuses on the debates that surrounded the project of European Constitution and more specifically on the more general ideologies underlying these arguments. In order to understand, compare and classify these critiques, idealtypes have been elaborated on four dimensions (socio-economic, political, identity-related and strategic). This research fills a gap in the literature analysing so-called "eurosceptic" actors by concentrating on the ideas conveyed by these currents. Indeed, most of this literature mostly tries to explain this phenomenon. And when it addresses the issue of ideology, it is only to build too far-reaching categories. The conclusion also aims at exploring possible explanations of theses resistances to the EU beyond the traditional theories, based on strategic agency, culturalism and institutionalism, and insisting more on the role of ideas and material structures.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grosse, Jürgen. "Amerikapolitik und Amerikabild der DDR 1974-1989 /." Bonn : Bouvier, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371199727.
Full textHorn, Pierre. "Le défi de l’enracinement napoléonien entre Rhin et Meuse (1810-1814). Étude transnationale de l’opinion publique dans les départements de la Roër (Allemagne), de l’Ourthe (Belgique), des Forêts (Luxembourg) et de la Moselle (France)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040208.
Full textOwing to its Franco-German nature, this historical study, which analyses the Napoleonic system’s implantation between Rhine and Maas (1810-1814), differs from the numerous studies devoted to public opinion since the 19th century. It is different in the sense that it innovatively sets out to address, from a comparative angle and within a transnational framework (France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg), the question of the part played by public opinion between climax (1810) and fall (1814) of the Napoleonic regime. By means of ‘Histoire croisée’, I have identified a certain number of fields which seem to have been, under the Napoleonic Empire, quite contentious issues. From this study emerges, first of all, that structural elements, independent of economic cycles and Napoleonic policies alike, curbed the new regime’s rooting. Instead, the latter was hampered both by cultural gaps and the memory of the preceding rule of the ‘Ancien Régime’ (Prussia, Austria). Second, the elements concerning the polity (centralisation, social order and economic system) reveal to what extent, independent of both structural elements and the economic situation, the Napoleonic regime succeeded, or failed to succeed, in being progressively accepted by ‘old Frenchmen’ as well as by ‘new Frenchmen’, i.e. those who had become annexed by the Republic and then found themselves being subjects of the Empire. Finally, the economic factors are addresses, independent, once again, of the previous ones. Leaving behind histories traditionally nationalist in tone, the present thesis may be considered as a Western European History on public opinion during the Napoleonic era
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach der napoleonischen Verwurzelung zwischen Rhein und Maas (1810-1814) und unterscheidet sich aufgrund ihrer deutsch-französischen Natur von vielen anderen historischen Studien, die sich seit dem 19. Jahrhundert mit der öffentlichen Meinung beschäftigen. Sie hebt sich auch in der Hinsicht ab, als dass sie eine neue Fragestellung verfolgt, nämlich jene nach der öffentlichen Meinung zwischen dem Höhepunkt (1810) und in dem Zusammenbruch (1814) des napoleonischen Regimes, der mit einem komparativen Ansatz und in einem transnationalen Rahmen (Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien, Luxemburg) nachgegangen wird. Mithilfe des Ansatzes der Histoire croisée wird eine Reihe Themen untersucht, welche schon unter Napoleons Empire Zankäpfel gewesen zu sein scheinen. Aus dieser Studie geht als Erstes hervor, dass einige Strukturmerkmale unabhängig von der wirtschaftlichen Konjunktur und von der napoleonischen Politik die Verwurzelung des neuen Regimes begrenzten. Hierbei geht es um kulturelle Gräben und um die Erinnerung an die vorangegangene Herrschaft der vorrevolutionären Regime (Preußen, Österreich). Als Zweites wird anhand mehrerer auf die Politik bezogener Parameter (Zentralisierung, soziale Ordnung, Wirtschaftssystem) untersucht, inwieweit es dem napoleonischen Regime gelungen ist, unabhängig von strukturellen und ökonomischen Faktoren, sowohl unter „Altfranzosen“ wie auch unter der durch französische Annektionen zu „Neufranzosen“ gewordenen Bevölkerung Akzeptanz zu finden. Darüber hinaus wurden die konjunkturell bedingten Faktoren analysiert, wiederum unabhängig von den vorigen Elementen. Im Kontrast zur stark nationalistisch geprägten Historiographie des 19. Jahrhunderts wird hier eine Arbeit vorgelegt, die als eine westeuropäische Untersuchung zur öffentlichen Meinung im napoleonischen Zeitalter Napoleons betrachtet werden darf
Rémond-Dubosc, Frédérique. "L'Allemagne de Willy Brandt vue par la presse soviétique (1969-1974)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040059.
Full textLudwig, Claudia-Yvonne. "Die nationalpolitische Bedeutung der Ostsiedlung in der Weimarer Republik und die öffentliche Meinung /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/392338742.pdf.
Full textCHANG, HONG. "L'opinion publique en alsace face a la construction de l'europe : 1945 a 1950." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR20024.
Full textThe thesis is consecrated to the alsatian public opinion faced with the european integration from 1945 to 1950. Taking into account of the alsatian specific situation, it tries to define the evolution of this alsatian public opinion from the point of view of the various alsatian specific caracteristics. The choice of strasburg, capital of alsace, as the headquarter of the council of europe in february 1949 has given a new dimension to the alsatian public opinion toward the european integration. From that time, the european idea becomes one of the most important actualities in alsace. In the same time, the alsatian sense of identity considered as a positive factor for europe begins to be more and more debated in relation with the european integration. The study shows that the alsatian public opinion expresses its specific situation tied with its double culture and its troubled past due to historic vicissitudes between france and germany. It makes also sure the existence of a very favourable and original european idea in alsace during this period
Turcotte, Jean-Michel. "Bombardons l'Allemagne ! Le bombardement de l'Allemagne (1939-1945) vue par le London Times, le Daily Herald et le Manchester Guardian." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29565/29565.pdf.
Full textSpina, Raphaël. "La France et les Français devant le service du travail obligatoire (1942-1945)." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749560.
Full textDuris, Stadler Christa. "L'Allemagne vue à travers des périodiques protestants français (1933-1940)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100009.
Full textThis thesis analyses for the first time how some French protestant periodical publications perceived national-socialism and the attitude of the German evangelical church towards the Nazi system. The four main topics of the study are: - which attitude have periodical publications with regard to the conflict rising up in the German evangelical church, conflict that results in the constitution of the confessional church? What's their view of the national socialists and the German Christians’ policies towards the Jews? - How the national socialist policy in religious question is perceived by the periodical publication? - has the way the periodical publications deal with Hitler state contributed to bring French and German Protestantism in contact after 1945? A general idea of the different historic evolution of Protestantism in both countries is given in the introductory chapter. Because Karl Barth’s theology has an important part in the constitution of the confessional church, the second chapter deals with texts appeared in the periodical publications analyzing his theology between 1928 and 1932 the study dwells on attitudes of opposition seen by the periodical publications
Hassi, Abderrahman, and Abderrahman Hassi. "Influence de la culture nationale sur la conception de la formation du personnel en milieu de travail." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26726.
Full textLa présente thèse a pour but d’identifier des différences en matière de pratiques de conception de la formation du personnel dans quatre pays, à savoir l’Allemagne, le Canada, le Maroc et Singapour. Compte tenu de l’absence de modèle théorique liant la formation du personnel et la culture, un cadre opératoire a été élaboré pour supporter la présente recherche. Ce cadre comporte trois grandes catégories : 1) la variable indépendante (dimensions de la culture nationale de Hofstede) ; 2) la variable dépendante (conception de la formation); et 3) les variables de contrôle (poste du répondant ainsi que la taille, la culture, le statut et la syndicalisation de l’organisation du répondant). À la lumière des résultats de nos analyses, seule la dimension culturelle intitulée la « distance hiérarchique » a une incidence sur les pratiques de conception de la formation du personnel, à savoir la planification des objectifs, du contenu, des méthodes, de l’évaluation et du transfert de la formation à travers les quatre pays à l’étude. Les autres dimensions, soit l’évitement de l’incertitude, la masculinité-féminité et l’individualisme-collectivisme ne se sont pas avérées statistiquement significatives. Concernant les modes de participation des acteurs à la conception des activités de formation, les résultats révèlent que, dans les cultures à faible distance hiérarchique, la direction générale participe moins à la prise de décision. À l’opposé, dans les cultures à forte distance hiérarchique, la direction générale tend à décider seule sans consultation des autres acteurs des objets à portée stratégique de la formation. La formalisation de la démarche de conception de la formation ne varie en fonction d’aucune dimension culturelle. Enfin, les organisations appartenant à des cultures à forte distance hiérarchique laissent moins de latitude aux participants lors de la planification des activités de formation. Inversement, les organisations appartenant à des cultures à faible distance hiérarchique adoptent une démarche qui laisse plus de la latitude aux différents acteurs. Mots clés : conception de la formation du personnel; culture nationale, modèle de Hofstede; culture et conception de la formation.
The present thesis aims at identifying differences in designing employee training activities within public organizations across four countries, namely Canada, Germany, Morocco and Singapore. Given the lack of empirical literature on the subject and theoretical frameworks linking employee training and national culture, a research model was developed to guide the present study. This model is comprised of three major categories: 1) independent variable (Hofstede cultural dimensions); 2) dependent variable (designing employee training); and 3) control variables (respondents positions as well as size, culture, status and unionization of their organizations). In light of the findings, only the cultural dimension of power distance exerts influence on designing employee training practices across the four countries. The other three cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity and individualism-collectivism were not statistically significant in this regard. Concerning the modes of participation of organizational actors in designing employee training activities, the study results indicate that, in low power distance cultures, senior management participates less in the decision-making process. Conversely, in high power distance cultures, senior management tend to make decisions solely without consulting other organizational actors on training aspects of strategic importance. Formalization of the way the designing of employee training activities are carried out does not vary in light of any cultural dimension. Lastly, organizations belonging to high power distance cultures adopt an approach that grants less latitude to participants during the process of designing employee training activities. Conversely, organizations from low power distance cultures have the tendency to adopt an approach that accords more latitude to different actors. Keywords: designing employee training; national culture; Hofstede model; culture and training design.
The present thesis aims at identifying differences in designing employee training activities within public organizations across four countries, namely Canada, Germany, Morocco and Singapore. Given the lack of empirical literature on the subject and theoretical frameworks linking employee training and national culture, a research model was developed to guide the present study. This model is comprised of three major categories: 1) independent variable (Hofstede cultural dimensions); 2) dependent variable (designing employee training); and 3) control variables (respondents positions as well as size, culture, status and unionization of their organizations). In light of the findings, only the cultural dimension of power distance exerts influence on designing employee training practices across the four countries. The other three cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity and individualism-collectivism were not statistically significant in this regard. Concerning the modes of participation of organizational actors in designing employee training activities, the study results indicate that, in low power distance cultures, senior management participates less in the decision-making process. Conversely, in high power distance cultures, senior management tend to make decisions solely without consulting other organizational actors on training aspects of strategic importance. Formalization of the way the designing of employee training activities are carried out does not vary in light of any cultural dimension. Lastly, organizations belonging to high power distance cultures adopt an approach that grants less latitude to participants during the process of designing employee training activities. Conversely, organizations from low power distance cultures have the tendency to adopt an approach that accords more latitude to different actors. Keywords: designing employee training; national culture; Hofstede model; culture and training design.
Bourrinet, Philippe. "Aux origines du courant communiste international des conseils : la Gauche communiste hollandaise (1907-1950) : du tribunisme au conseillisme." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010553.
Full textThe 'dutch marxist school', a revolutionary current represented most by gorter and pannekoek, arrose at the turn of the century. In opposition to the 'reformism' and 'opportunism' of the 2. International, it was first supported by lenin, before he rebuffed them in 1920. During the german revolution (1918-21), they became the theoretical leaders of the "councils movement" (aau, kapd), standing up against unionism and parlamentarism. This communist 'dutch-german' left - hostile to the russian state policy - was expelled from komintern in 1921. The council communist current fought the 'party communism' and the 'state communism'. After 1933 this one 'withdrew' to the netherlands and took over the theoretical head of the concilist groups who had escaped from the german catastrophe. Hostile to any political organization, the dutch gic of pannekoek and canne-meijer disappeared in 1940. Despite a short revival in 1945 (spartacusbond), the dutch 'councilism' little by little faded away. After 1968 the councilism had a significant ideological influence by its rejection of all political and trade unionist apparatus of the 'old workers' movement', which the rank and file of the workers often criticise. 'Councilism' today has many similarities with the old anarchist current
Sallée, Frédéric. "Sur les chemins de terre brune : voyages et voyageurs dans l'Allemagne nationale-socialiste (1933-1939)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH007.
Full textIn line with the studies by German historian Peter Reichel concerning the fascination of totalitarianism and the historical movement initiated in France by Fred Kupferman, along with the studies by François Hourmant and Sophie Coeuré regarding intellectuals traveling in Soviet union in the 1930's, the objective of this thesis is to describe the experience of the voyage on Nazi territory, from Hitler's accession to power to the beginning of World War II. This theme has been disregarded in the national-socialism historiography, due to the fact that they viewed the voyage as an anecdotic evidence of diplomatic duty. However, the amount of archives bequeathed on this topic led historians to believe that it is more relevant than previously thought. Limited to the classical image of Brasillach in front of the “Cathedral of Light” of Nuremberg as well as the image of foreign delegations during the Olympic Games of Berlin in 1936, the act of traveling shouldn't be reduced to this archetypal vision implying that only the “future fascists” would travel and discover the IIIrd Reich. Using sources from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, newspapers, travel logs, essays, and letters, this work hinges on three parts covering the significance to study the voyage with the goal to understand the totalitarianism phenomenon, the different stages of the voyage (the reception, their stay, the return to their countries of origin), and to analyze the role and the importance of the voyage in the development of either an acceptance or a rejection towards the totalitarianism. One of the main interests in studying the voyage in Hitler's Germany is the reasoning behind the motivation for the voyage to take place. Traveling is at first a moment in history lived and perceived by those who experience it. This awareness of the experienced moment in history leads us to study the structural motivations of this voyage (interest for modern politics, deconstruction of our own national model, beginning of a parallel diplomacy) and also the existential motivations (moral inspiration, surpassing the line of “germanity”) while underlining the surprising diversity of the travelers (geographical, cultural and social origin), which shows the power of attraction of the national-socialism far across the borders. Prior to understanding this phenomenon, the different phases of the voyage help to enlighten the construction of a specific Nazi policy towards the foreign traveler on one hand, and to underline the existence and development of a real network of contacts on the other. This component will examine how the model of national-socialism seemed attainable for the travelers. The return from Germany will bring to the forefront the feeling of obligation for the travelers to explain and describe what had been experienced during the travel. Finally, the voyage as propagator of a new image of Germany in foreigner's minds will complete this study. The shaping of the totalitarian image seems to go hand in hand with an attempt to rationalize the obliviousness of a part of the population, while for others the voyage is a mechanism of resistance. The standpoint of the travelers towards the Jew's situation is also necessary to broach. Like a window that offers a view on anti-Semitism and the first acts of denunciation, the voyage becomes a tool of intellectual thinking. The awareness of this rising totalitarianism makes the traveler a knowledgeable man, lost in the masses, sliding in this transnational fascism first learned in the Reich
Racine, Rosalie. "Confronter les crimes nazis : les procès militaires alliés et l'opinion publique en Allemagne occupée." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25462.
Full textThis masters’ thesis analyses the connections between the first allied military trials held in postwar Germany and German public opinion toward the British and American occupation forces. Focused on the Belsen trial, held in the British occupation zone from September to November 1945, and the Dachau trial, held by the American military government in the U.S. occupation zone between November and December 1945, this study seeks to highlight the importance both trials held for the British and the Americans in establishing positive relations with the Germans. Using Belsen and Dachau as case studies, it argues that, while they were essential to British and American denazification and re-education programs, they also had to be conducted in a manner that ensured the best possible relationship the German public and the occupation forces in both the American and British occupation zones. I demonstrate that, from the initial steps implemented to set up the trials through their conclusion, both powers took German concerns and reactions to the judiciary procedures into account: first by anchoring the charges and the trials themselves in international law preceding the Second World War; then by providing the right to a defense to the accused. Both factors, the Allies believed, allowed them to claim a moral authority over their occupation zone. The memoir’s examination of the trials and their purpose is complimented by an analysis of the press coverage of the trials and public opinion surveys taken after the trials. This study states that the press coverage was oftentimes one the first instances in which Germans were confronted to the atrocities committed in the concentration camps. Finally, this study argues that, as a part of larger programs, the trials had a limited success as a tool to implement positive relations between the British and American occupation forces and the German population.