Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opioïdes – Récepteurs'
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Ugur, Müzeyyen. "Opioïdes, nourriture palatable et exercice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ061.
Full textIn the thesis, we studied the functional cross-talk between mu and delta opioid receptors in rewarding conditions elicited by natural stimuli such as palatable food and/or exercise or by drugs of abuse such as morphine. Using mu-mCherry/delta-eGFP double knock-in mice, we showed that mu-delta heteromerization alters mu opioid receptor signaling and trafficking in response to the endogenous opioid peptide met-enkephalin, but not β-endorphin, in primary hippocampal cultures and in vivo. We also showed that chronic morphine administration extended mu-delta neuronal co-expression throughout the brain which persisted after 4 weeks abstinence, pointing to morphine-induced long- lasting changes. In the second part of the thesis, neuroanatomical connections of the subfornical area of the lateral hypothalamus (LHsf) were mapped in mice and examined the activation of mu and delta receptors in this region following fasting and refeeding in HF diet and chow diet. Within the LHsf, which was reciprocally connected to many hypothalamic and reward related brain areas, fasting internalized delta receptors irrespective to the diet regimen whereas refeeding differentially activated mu and receptors in chow-fed and HFD-fed animals. Finally, opioid system related gene expression was measured in the long-term fc-HFHS fed and voluntary wheel running rats, which only revealed an interaction effect for delta opioid receptor expression in the LH
Weibel, Raphaël. "Récepteurs opioïdes périphériques : de nouvelles cibles pour le traitement des douleurs chroniques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6247.
Full textLes opiacés sont les médicaments les plus utilisés pour le traitement des douleurs sévères. Ils produisent leurs effets en activant les récepteurs opioïdes mu, delta et kappa, qui sont exprimés tout le long des voies nociceptives. L'utilisation de ces opiacés est souvent freinée par des effets secondaires tels que la constipation, la sédation et la nausée provoqués par l'activation du récepteur mu du système nerveux central. Une piste à l'étude pour obtenir une analgésie opiacée dénuée d'effets secondaires est le ciblage des récepteurs du système nerveux périphérique. Mon projet de thèse a visé à déterminer si les récepteurs opioïdes du système nerveux périphérique pouvaient constituer de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques contre la douleur. Afin d’évaluer le rôle de ces récepteurs périphériques, j'ai utilisé une approche génétique chez la souris, qui est l’inactivation conditionnelle de gènes spécifiquement dans les neurones nociceptifs primaires Nav1. 8+. La caractérisation moléculaire de cette souris knockout conditionnelle pour le récepteur mu dans les neurones périphériques Nav1. 8+ a montré qu’il y a bien une délétion de ces récepteurs mu dans ces neurones. Cette délétion n’a pas d’effet sur le contrôle de la nociception basale. Par contre en douleur inflammatoire, les récepteurs mu des neurones périphériques Nav1. 8+ sont en partie nécessaires à l’action analgésique systémique de la morphine et du fentanyl. Ces résultats montrent que l’implication des récepteurs mu des neurones périphériques Nav1. 8+ est plus importante dans des conditions de douleur inflammatoire qu’en nociception basale
A major challenge in pain research is the identification of key opioid receptor populations within nociceptive pathways which control physiological and pathological pain. Opiates are the main drugs used for severe pain treatment. They produce their effect through the activation of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors which are broadly distributed throughout the nociceptive pathways. Opiates like morphine or fentanyl target the mu opioid receptor. Opiates use is often curbed by side effects such as respiratory depression, constipation, sedation and nausea, caused by activation of mu receptors of the brain. A new strategy to obtain an opiate analgesia devoid of side effects is to target peripheral nervous system receptors. In my thesis project, I have studied whether the peripheral nervous system opioid receptors could represent new therapeutic targets for pain treatment, by using a conditional knockout approach strategy in the mouse. This study reveals the existence of mu opioid receptor-mediated mechanisms, which operate at the level of Nav1. 8-positive nociceptive neurons. Indeed, the molecular characterization of the conditional knockout has shown that there is a deletion of mu opioid receptors in the primary Nav1. 8+ nociceptive neurons. This deletion has no effect neither on basal nociception, nor on morphine analgesic action in basal nociception. However in inflammatory pain situation, mu opioid receptor of peripheral Nav1. 8+ neurons are partly required for systemically injected morphine and fentanyl analgesic action. This shows that the implication of Nav1. 8 peripheral mu receptors is more important under inflammatory pain condition than in basal nociception conditions
Coulbault, Laurent. "Mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation des MAP kinases par les récepteurs opioïdes delta." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN3010.
Full textOpioid receptor desensitization, endocytosis, and cellular trafficking may play an important role in the development of opiate tolerance. Previous studies in our laboratory showed an agonist dependent regulation of human delta opioid (hDOP) receptor observed on cAMP pathway desensitisation and receptor endocytosis. In this work, we studied the effect of selective (DPDPE, deltorphin I, UFP-512) and non-selective (etorphine, morphine) agonists on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases pathways in SK-N-BE cell line. Our major findings are summarized as follows: selective and non-selective agonists activate Extracellular signal-Regulated protein Kinases ERK1/2 by similar pathways; as previously demonstrated on the cAMP pathway, chemical structure of agonists affects hDOP receptor desensitization on ERK1/2; ERK1/2 are not involved in the regulation of hDOP receptor endocytosis; a differential hDOP receptor regulation (internalization and desensitization on cAMP pathway) by β-arrestin 1 upon selective and non-selective opioid agonists exposure, our results suggest that β-arrestin 1 can interact with two sites on hDOP receptor producing either desensitisation or internalisation, β-arrestins and hDOP endocytosis are not involved in ERK1/2 activation with opioïd agonists; we demonstrate a link between the propensity of an opioid agonist, UFP-512, to produce a weak desensitization on adenylyl cyclase and ERK1/2 pathways, a strong hDOP endocytosis associated with a significant recycling, and the absence of tolerance in vivo
Contet, Candice. "Récepteurs aux opioïdes : Adaptation moléculaires et comportementales à la morphine et souris génétiquement modifiées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13009.
Full textMorphine pharmacological action is mediated by the mu opioid receptor, which belongs, together with delta and kappa receptors and about thirty peptides, to the endogenous opioid system. Mu receptor agonists are used both clinically, to treat severe pain, and illegally, because of their reinforcing properties. Repeated use of those compounds induces behavioural adaptations, such as analgesic tolerance, physical dependence or addiction. N order to assess the involvement of mu receptor desensitisation in morphine-induced adaptations, we decided to generate a knock-in mouse expressing a truncated mu receptor, resisting to desensitisation in vitro. First, the mutated transcript underwent nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), bringing the first direct evidence that NMD operates in mammalian brain. Second, the mutant mu receptor displayed a major expression deficit, indicating that the deletion of mu receptor carboxy-terminal tail hampers correct biogenesis. We set up distinct regimens of chronic morphine treatment to induce analgesic tolerance, psychomotor sensitization or physical dependence in wild-type mice. We showed that these behavioural adaptations are not associated with a modification of mu receptor, adenylate cyclase or cdk5 kinase activities, in several brain regions. We used brain tissue from opioid receptor triple knockout mice to investigate the nature of epsilon receptor, pharmacologically defined as a beta-endorphin preferring binding site. We demonstrated that beta-endorphin stimulated G-protein activation is mediated by a site involving mu, delta and/or kappa receptors. We used knockout mice to show that mu and delta receptors are both involved in 32°C-forced swim-induced analgesia but that none of the three opioid receptors contributes to ACTH and corticosterone secretion consecutive to this stress
Ding, Zhong. "Activities of neuropeptide FF receptors : in vitro anti-opioid and in vivo anti-depressant effects." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30145/document.
Full textNeuropeptide FF (FLFQPQRFa, NPFF) is considered as a potent opioid-modulating peptide. It exhibits the opioid-modulation effect by activating two G protein-coupled receptors, NPFF1 and NPFF2. Several observations suggest that the anti-opioid effect of NPFF is more likely mediated by a cross-talk between NPFF and opioid receptors in the same neuron rather than an indirect effect due to a neuronal circuitry. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between both receptors remain need to be investigated. This work is composed of two main parts : 1) Neuropeptide FF receptors and the molecular mechanisms of their anti-opioid effect. We tested both direct and anti-opioid activities of NPFF receptors on Ca2+ transient induced by depolarization in mouse dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons. The NPFF receptor preferentially coupled with Gi/o proteins, which induced the direct activity. Different threshold to observe the direct and anti-opioid effect of NPFF suggested that the specific anti-opioid activity of NPFF receptors was not a direct consequence of their activity on Ca2+ transients. Furthermore, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between NPFF and NOP (Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ, N/OFQ) receptors in mouse DRN neurons and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Data from Ca2+ imaging, [35S]GTPyS binding assay and western blot indicated that cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, which acted as a "platform", were involved in NPFF anti-N/OFQ effect, and the siRNA interference data showed that GRK2 protein mediated this process. 2) The potential role of Neuropeptide FF in anti-depressant response. In order to test the potential role of Neuropeptide FF in anti-depression, the NPFF analogue 1DMe was locally injected into mouse DRN. We observed a decrease of immobility time and an increase of grooming time, in tail suspension test and splash test, respectively, after 1DMe treatment. RF9, the specific antagonist of NPFF receptors, reversed the anti-depression effect of 1DMe. Referencing the strong anti-depression effect of NOP receptor antagonists after DRN injection and the cellular anti-N/OFQ activity of NPFF receptors in this nucleus, the hypothesis that the anti-depression effect of NPFF may due to its cellular anti-N/OFQ activity is interesting to be further verified
Pommier, Blandine. "Récepteur à la cholécystokinine de type 2 : étude des voies de signalisation intracellulaires et rôle sans la régulation du système opioi͏̈de endogène." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P603.
Full textScherrer, Grégory. "Etude de la fonction du récepteur aux opioïdes delta par modification génétique chez la souris." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13151.
Full textThe opioid system is a neuromodulator system composed of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors, and their endogenous peptidic ligands. The opioid system regulates numerous central and peripheral functions such as pain control and emotional responses. The goal of this work was to better understand delta opioid receptor function. The strategy relied on the study of mutant mice. In the first part of this work, we analyzed the behaviour of mice deficient for delta opioid receptors in several models of pain, anxiety, depression and memory. We managed both to clarify the involvement of delta opioid receptors in the control of acute thermal pain, and to reveal its participation to mechanisms underlying processing of contextual memory. In the second part of this work, we have established a mouse line harbouring a floxed delta opioid receptor gene. These animals, which express functional delta opioid receptors at physiological levels, will be useful to study the function of delta opioid receptors expressed in different brain structures through local gene invalidation gene by region-specific expression of the Cre recombinase. Finally, in the third part of this work, we have both generated and analyzed a mouse line expressing delta opioid receptors fused to the green fluorescent protein GFP. Direct visualization of delta on brain slices revealed its distribution and subcellular localization and allowed characterization of delta expressing neurons. Receptor trafficking was also studied, on tissue sections as well as in real-time on primary cultures, to reveal relationship existing between dynamic properties and subcellular localization of delta opioid receptors and their activity in vivo
Rezaï, Xavier. "Activation et internalisation du récepteur aux opiodés delta en tranche aiguë hippocampique de souris." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/REZAI_Xavier_2011.pdf.
Full textThe delta opioid receptor belongs to the opioid system, a neuromodulatory system composed of endogenous peptides (enkephalins, dynoprhins and beta-endorphin) and of three receptors (mu, delta and kappa). Our laboratory is interested in opioid receptors adaptative responses to drugs of abuse. The delta opioid receptor is expressed in the hippocampus, and the important role of this brain structure in episodic memory brings growing interest toward it’s implication in drug / context interactions. Although the expression of the delta receptor in hippocampal interneurons is known for a long time, it’s function in hippocampal networks such as CA1 remains poorly studied. Moreover, most studies focusing on the delta receptor were performed in heterologous systems or primary neuron cultures. These models have helped understanding the basic functioning of this receptor, but they do not take into account the diversity of neuronal types. In addition, the morphology and physiology of single neurons in culture are likely to change from the in vivo situation. It is therefore important to study of this receptor in an integrated network in order to understand activation and internalization of the delta receptor in a physiological context. To address these questions, I used a knock-in mouse (DOR-eGFP) developed in the laboratory, that express a fluorescent version of the delta receptor made by adding a green fluorescent protein (eGFP ) at the C-terminus of the receptor. This mouse is an excellent tool to visualize the receptor with subcellular resolution in vivo and thus compensate for the lack of specific antibodies. [etc. . . ]
Laux-Biehlmann, Alexis. "Nouvelles données sur la morphine endogène : description de sa localisation dans le système nerveux central et développement d’outils biotechnologiques et thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6169.
Full textSince 80s, endogenous morphine (eM), structurally identical to the morphine from poppy, has been found in mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Only few informations are available about eM (cellular localization, models and quantification protocols) and thus, studies of its roles and implications in the brain physiology is difficult. During my thesis, my goal was to developed new tools in order to study and understand the roles of eM in the CNS. First, I have described the localization of eM in the CNS of adult mouse. Using a well characterized antibody, I have demonstrated that eM and its derived compounds are mainly found in astrocytes and GABAergic interneurons throughout the mouse CNS. Secondly, I described two endogenous / exogenous alkaloids binding proteins. (i) The PhosphatidylEthanolamine Binding Protein that is able to bind M6G and M3G in a similar manner as its reference ligand PhosphatidylEthanolamine. (ii) The creatine kinase (CK) that is able to bind eM and its derived compounds with high affinity. Such CK-eM complex is dissociated by a lithium treatment. Finally, in the last part of my results, I have described that the presence of lithium in the collection tube allows a better measuring of eM and exogenous morphine. To conclude, during my thesis I set up new tools and new research lines (eM CNS mapping, binding proteins and better quantification yield) that will allow to study and understand the roles of eM in the CNS of mammals
Roussin-Pascaud, Anne. "Mise en évidence et régulation du couplage entre le récepteur des opioides de type "Op" du cerveau de grenouille (Rana ridibunda) et une protéine G de transduction." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30172.
Full textPerret, Bénédicte. "Approches moléculaires du mode d'action des opioi͏̈des : Etude structurale et fonctionnelle du récepteur humain des opioi͏̈des de type mu surexprimé en cellules d'insecte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13057.
Full textPain management and treatment represent a major unmet medical challenge. Morphine remains the most potent painkiller used clinically, despite secondary side effects. It principally acts on the mu opioid receptor that belongs to the superfamily of the G-Protein-Coupled receptors. Interpretation of the opioid mode of action at the molecular level needs that we understand how the receptor and ligands interact with each other and what are the associated conformational changes. Moreover, the integration of structure-based methods, virtual screening, and combinatorial chemistry can provide the basis for more efficient drug design. In the case of opioids, this strategy is not applicable because these receptors are not yet amenable to structure based drug design due to the lack of three-dimensional structures. These receptors are endogenously poorly expressed so appropriate overexpression systems are required to obtain the large amounts needed for crystallization. This work began with solubilization and purification trials of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) overexpressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Because difficulties we encountered, a new system of expression based on stable cell lines and on an inducible expression in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider S2 cells was developed. In an innovating way, the receptor was fused to the EGFP to follow, localize, directly quantify and develop a purification protocol. The produced receptor EGFPhMOR was biochemically and pharmacologically characterized and we began the purification process. In parallel, we wished to adapt the measurement of the binding capacity of the receptor based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the EGFP fused to the receptor and opioid ligands wa made fluorescent
Delay-Goyet, Philippe. "Différenciation biochimique et pharmacologique des récepteurs opioides mu et delta." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P609.
Full textDuraffourd, Céline. "Rôle des récepteurs μ-opioïdes dans l’induction de la néoglucogenèse intestinale observée lors d’un régime hyperprotéique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10321.
Full textProtein feeding promotes an important decrease of food intake in humans and animals, compared on chow diet. Previous data show that this mechanism implicates intestinal glucose production (IPG) induction in rat during the post-absorptive time. Glucose released and detected into the portal vein produces an activation of hypothalamic nuclei implicated in the regulation of satiety sensations. The aim of this study was to highlight peptides which could induce IPG on HP diet and try to discoverer them mechanism. Quantification of Glc6Pase and protein expression of Glc6Pase and PEPCK were assessed in rats fed on chow or HP diet and infused with amino acids, µ-opioïd peptides and di- or tri-peptides. Our results show that the same mechanism is shared by both proteins and µ-opioïd antagonists to induce IGP. Experiments of portal vein denervation and an immunochemistry study showed that µ-opioïd receptors are present in the portal vein, probably implicated in this induction. Di or tri-peptides infusions in rat exhibited that the IGP was induced by all tested di or tri-peptides. Phenotypic study of µ-opioid mice fed on chow, HP diet or having undergone portal vein infusions of di or tri-peptides, confirmed that IGP could be induced by di or tri-peptides and their mechanism takes place with µ-opioïd receptors. This study suggests that all di or tri-peptide produced by protein degradation could induce IGP by a µ-opioïd receptor-dependent mechanism
Guntz, Emmanuel. "Modulation du récepteur N-méthyl-D-aspartate au niveau de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière par les récepteurs opiacés et les récepteurs A2A de l'adénosine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209233.
Full textKhallouk, Rachida. "Etudes fonctionnelles des adaptations induites par la stimulation chronique des récepteurs opioïdes de type mu et delta." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES015.
Full textDevillers, Jean-Philippe. "Le neuropeptide FF, un neurotransmetteur : mise en jeu par la stimulation des récepteurs opiacés." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28324.
Full textDesprat, Corinne. "Le système neuropeptide FF chez la souris : biochimie et pharmacologie." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30056.
Full textSoulimani, Rachid. "Recherche et évaluation de l'activité biologique des substances végétales sur le S. N. C. Chez la souris, in vivo et vis-à-vis des récepteurs cholinergiques, histaminergiques et opoïdes, in vitro, au niveau du duodenum de rat et de l'iléon de cobaye." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Soulimani.Rachid.SMZ921.pdf.
Full textA bibliography study permetted us to select 8 species, Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata, Euphorbia hirta, Eschscholtzia californica and Fagarazanthoxyloïds for their sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic effects ; Annona reticulatla, Peumus boldus and Fumaria officinalis for their antistaminic and antispasmodic effects. Sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic thera peutic indications of Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata Euphorbia hirta, Eschscholtzia californica and Fagara Zanthoxyloïdes have been scientifically confirmed by pharmacological investigation in vivo in the mouse. Antispasmodical effects of Melissa officinalis, Peumus boldus, Annona reticulatla and Fumaria officinalis have been confirmed by pharmacological tests in vivo and in vitro for. Several obtained from Melissa officinalis'extract or the pure natural substances contained in passiflora incarnata did not allowed to find the sedative and anxiolytic properties observed with crude extracts. Sedative properties of 4 plants were not related to antihistaminical effects demonstrated wich isolated guinea-pig ileum. The effect of plant extracts with analgesic properties demonstrated in vivo have been tested in vitro in guinea-pig ileum towards opioïd receptors. Thus, Euphorbia hirta was the single plant which bind with opioïd receptors. Eschscholtzia californica, Fagara zanthoxyloides and Melissa officinalis'extracts are probably not related with opioïd receptors wich probably not be involved in the mechanism of action of actio of their analgesic activity
Gairin, Jean-Edouard. "Conception, synthèse et pharmacologie d'analogues de la dynorphine, agonistes et antagonistes, sélectifs des récepteurs opioides de type kappa." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30248.
Full textDupouy, Véronique. "Neuroanatomie fonctionnelle du neuropeptide FF. Relation avec les systèmes opioi͏̈des." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30081.
Full textLopez, Yvan. "Motricité pylorique chez le chien : contrôle par la cholécystokinine. les opioi͏̈des et les prostaglandines." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT019A.
Full textPolastron-Vidal, Jocelyne. "Couplage des récepteurs des opioi͏̈des à l'adénylate cyclase : devenir de ce couplage lors du développement de la tolérance." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30213.
Full textSchmitt, Sébastien. "Chimie et Radiochimie de dérivés pipéridiniques pour l'imagerie TEP des récepteurs aux opiacés de sous-type kappa." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2079.
Full textWith the aim of developing a radiopharmaceutical for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of kappa opioid receptor (KOP-R), we investigated the synthesis and the radiosynthesis of fluorinated piperidines derived from JDTic, a potent and selective KOP-R antagonist. We developed the synthesis of four original KOP-R ligands that have been found to display affinity and selectivity in vitro. We performed the radiolabelling with fluorine-18 (+ emitter, t1/2 = 110 min) of the more potent ligand and developed its automated radiosynthesis. In addition, we studied the diastereoselective synthesis of (3R*,4R*)- and (3R*,4S*)-4-aryl-4-alkyl-3-methylpiperidines, and the radiolabelling with fluorine-18 of 4-fluoromethylpiperidines. Finally, in ancillary works, we developed an original methodology of fluorination and radiofluorination of functionalized sultones for labeling with fluorine-18 of macromolecules
Camacho, Elise. "Identification des sites potentiels de phosphorylation impliqués dans la régulation des récepteurs opioïdes delta humains induite par les arrestines." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN3162.
Full textOpioid tolerance is a complex process associated with the desensitization of opioid receptors and the involvement of βarrestines. The work of the laboratory have shown that βarrestine 1 was required differently in desensitization of human delta opioid receptor (δ-OR) according to the agonists used (Aguila et al. , 2012). In the first part, we evaluated the role of βarrestines in desensitization and internalization of δ-OR at short (1 hour) and long (18h) time in the presence of morphine and etorphine. While the "acute" desensitization does not require the βarrestine 1, this protein has a major role in the desensitization induced by morphine in the long time. We did not observe any major effect of βarrestines on δ-OR internalization by confocal microscopy showing the lack of correlation between internalization and receptor desensitization. In a second part, we studied the potential phosphorylation sites of δ-OR may be involved in desensitization and internalization as well as the effects of βarrestines. T161 of the δ-OR is involved in the desensitization induced by etorphine but not for another agonist, the DPDPE. βarrestine 2-dependent desensitization involves T161 and S363 residues. The mutants T161A and Y318A reduce the internalization of δ-OR induced by both agonists, while the S363 is selectively involved in etorphine-induced internalization. In conclusion, βarrestines play an important role in the differential regulation of the receptors by different agonists which returns to the concept of biased agonism
Chevillard, Lucie. "Effets respiratoires des opioïdes chez le rat : étude de ses mécanismes et facteurs de variabilité." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P632.
Full textOpioids may be responsible of respiratory depression leading to severe poisonings and deaths. The exact mechanisms of death and deleterious respiratory effects are poorly understood. Our objectives were to better characterize opioid respiratory response in order to find out specificities and sources of variability. The effect/concentration relationships were studied with methadone as well as the consequences of diazepam co-administration and rat pretreatment with dexamethasone. The role of P-glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein were determined in an in vitro model of epithelial barrier to assess the transport of various addictive drugs. All tested opioids except buprenorphine, when administered at 80% of their LD50, induced a respiratory depression (hypoxemia + hypercapnia) with a significant increase in inspiratory time (TI). With fentanyl and methadone, there was an additional increase in expiratory time (TE). These effects were mainly mediated by mu-opioid receptors, while the role of kappa- and delta-opioid receptors appears limited and dependent on the opioid, suggesting various profiles of opioid-related “respiratory depressions”. Hypoxemia and increase in TI occurred with lower plasma methadone concentrations than hypercapnia and increase in TE. When diazepam was co-administered, methadone-related respiratory depression worsened. A pharmacokinetic mechanism was hypothesized to explain this deleterious interaction. In contrast, when rats were pretreated with dexamethasone, methadone-related respiratory effects were improved, based on a possible role of P-gp which is known to play a significant role in methadone transport in rodents. Consistently, we assessed the variable role of P-gp in opioid transport, suggesting its possible implication in the variability of opioid effects in humans. In conclusion, molecular mechanisms of opioid-related respiratory depression may vary according to the opioids and co-administered xenobiotics. Our results suggest a different control of TI and TE, although mu-opioid receptors seem mostly involved in opioid-related respiratory effects
André, Aurore. "Etude de l'influence de l'environnement lipidique sur la fonctionnalité et l'organisation membranaire des récepteurs mu et delta aux opioïdes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/542/.
Full textNumerous evidences show the existence of lateral heterogeneities within the plasma membranes defined as lipid domains. Among these, lipid rafts, have been extensively studied. They are characterised by an enrichment in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are depicted as fluid plaforms that segregate membrane components involved in a particular signaling process, like signal transduction of GPCR, promoting the specificity and the efficiency of the response. Here we study the role of the lipidic environment on the activity of two GPCRs, namely human mu and delta opioid receptors (hMOR and hDOR). Cholesterol, which is a main component implicated in the formation of rafts, was here the subject of a particular interest. Membranes fractions that were enriched in cholesterol (DRM) were analysed after cold extraction by TX-100 of cellular membranes. The data we obtained show that hMOR and hDOR are found in DRM at a basal state. In contrast, when activated by an agonist, a relocalisation of a fraction of these receptors is observed in DRM and we show that this phenomenon is dependant of the association of these receptors with G-proteins. The analysis of pharmacological properties of hDOR and hMOR upon cholesterol depletion show clearly that some pool of receptors need cholesterol for function. To complete these data, we next examined whether this effect was due to direct interactions of the receptors with cholesterol or membrane thickness. To test this assumption, we have investigate the effect of ergosterol on hMOR and hDOR pharmacology and the acyl-chain length of the phospholipids on the function of the reconstituted hDOR
Marie, Nicolas. "Mécanismes de régulation du récepteur opioi͏̈de delta humain dans le neuroblastome SK-N-BE." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P602.
Full textOpiates, such as morphine, are still the most powerful drugs in the management of pain. However, their chronic use induces tolerance, compelling to increase drug dose to obtain the same pharmacological effects and consequently raising the risk of adverse side effects, such as respiratory depression. As m-opioid receptors, d-opioid receptors are involved in analgesia and could participate to the development of tolerance. Accumulating evidence, indicate that tolerance could be initiated by a well-known cell process : desensitization. We conducted our study on the desensitization mechanisms of the human d-opioid receptor, endogenously expressed in the neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cells, activated by distinct opioid agonists. We demonstrated that : - d selective agonists (DPDPE, deltorphin I, SNC-80, AR-M1000390) induced a rapid desensitization (9̃0% for 30 min-pretreatment period) of d opioid receptor compared to non-selective agonists (etorphine, enkephalins) - selective agonists but AR-M1000390, that does not induce receptor sequestration, promoted internalization of d-opioid receptors followed by their degradation in the lysosomal compartment, whereas non-selective agonists induced mainly a recycling after internalization - etorphine-induced desensitization involves PKC and GRK2, while tyrosine kinases are required for desensitization produced by DPDPE and deltorphin. Conclusions : 1 - we demonstrated that d-opioid receptors undergo a differential desensitization, largely depending on the agonist selectivity 2 - the desensitization rate is rather depending on the fate of the opioid receptor, once internalized, than its sequestration from the plasma membrane 3 - the recruitment of different kinases would underlie the differential desensitization induced by selective and non selective agonist
Kersante, Flavie. "Régulation de l'activité opioïde par les récepteurs du Neuropeptide FF : approches cellulaire et neurochimique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/304/.
Full textNeuropeptide FF is a neuromodulator of opioid system. In rodents, it displays pro- or anti-opioid activities depending on the injection sites. Recently, two NPFF receptors have been cloned in mammals and in human, NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors belonging to the GPCR family. NPFF1 or NPFF2 receptors activation in rat dissociated neurons inhibits opioid induced regulation of N-type voltage gated calcium channels. In order to identify the mechanisms responsible for this cellular anti-opioid activity, I have constructed a cellular model of NPFF1 receptor expression in SH-SY5Y cells that naturally express opioid receptors and present neuronal characteristics, adapted to biochemical analysis. In NPFF1 expressing SH-SY5Y cells, NPVF (NPFF1 receptor agonist) displayed anti-opioid activity on DAMGO (MOP receptor agonist) induced inhibition of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels conductance but also on deltorphin-I (DOP receptor agonist) induced Phospholipase C\beta reactivation. Therefore, this cell line is a suitable model to investigate the interactions between NPFF and opioid receptors. As NPFF and MOP receptors have been recently found to heterodimerize in SH-SY5Y cells, I have investigated if this heterodimerization could impair opioid receptors coupling to G-protein, the modulation of MOP receptors coupling to G proteins by NPFF receptors activation was monitored by using the [35S]GTP\gamma\S binding assay. In SH-SY5Y cells that express NPFF1 or NPFF2 receptors, NPFF does not modify MOP receptors activation induced [35S]GTP\gamma\S binding. Furthermore, even if MOP and NPFF receptors share a G-protein common pool, they did not compete for this pool when receptors were not overexpressed. .
Gilbert, Gwénaëlle. "Les récepteurs NMDA de sous-type NR2B : évaluation de nouveaux traceurs d'imageries et étude préliminaire à leur utilisation in vivo dans un modèle de sensibilisation à la cocaïne." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3124.
Full textN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing NR2B subunit are cerebral ionotropic glutamatergic receptors essential for learning and memory. They are also involved in pathologies as neurodegenerative diseases and addiction. Therefore, numerous tracers for their in vivo imaging have been developed with poor success. Also, we have synthesized and tested new tracers for the visualization of the NMDA receptors by fluorescence imaging or by positron emission tomography. A preliminary study of a tracer derived from ifenprodil and labelled with a fluorophore has been undertaken. The proof of concept realized in vitro on cells was followed by a characterization of the binding of the fluorescent tracer on the target receptors as well as by the evaluation of a technique of detection of the fluorescence on mouse brain slides. Two series of radiotracers labelled with fluorine 18 were also developed for TEP. In the first one, tracer contained 4-benzylpiperidin moiety. The poor BBB crossing associated to a high metabolism have stopped the development of these tracers. MK-0657 derivatives are now evaluated. A model of sensitization to cocaine alone or associated with a new adulterating agent, the phenacetin, was developed and characterized in parallel. The behavioral study revealed a crossed sensitization to cocaine inferred by phenacetin. The impact of sensitization on NR2B NMDA and µ-opioid receptors has been studied in cerebral structures, especially those implicated in addiction
Sauliere, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192796.
Full textSaulière, Aude. "Etapes membranaires de la transduction du signal par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : organisation dynamique du récepteur mu aux opioïdes humain à la surface de neuroblastomes." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30121.
Full textWe address the question of the existence of a specific membrane organization which could favor the interactions between the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), the G protein and the effector. Here we examine the lateral diffusion of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) in regard to its activation by ligands and to membrane environment modifications. The T7-EGFP-hMOR stably expressed in SH-SY5Y is found to be fully functional. Its mobility analysis was achieved using two complementary biophysical approaches which are vrFRAP (variable radii fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and SPT (single particle tracking). At 22°C these analyses reveal a double compartimentation of the receptors in permeable domains (about 1 µm radius) and in smaller domains (200 nm radius). Moreover receptors exhibiting a directed diffusion are observed. The temperature was modulated, the actin cytoskeleton was partially destroyed, and the G protein/receptor interaction was impeded to determine the sources of the receptor organisation. It appears that many parameters are playing a part in the complex receptor organisation. Our results show that the interactions of hMOR with G proteins or with the cortical cytoskeleton influence its membrane organisation. Antagonists binding don't modify the receptor organisation in permeable sub-micrometer size domains. On the contrary agonists binding induce a decrease of both the domain size and the diffusion coefficient. Our results highlight the influence of numerous parameters on the hMOR dynamic organisation. They demonstrate the interest of a conjoint use of vrFRAP and SPT approaches to obtain a global vision of a protein plasma membrane organisation
Nowoczyn, Marie. "Conditionnement par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : mise au point d'un modèle in vitro." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2032.
Full textCardiac ischemic diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. However, cellular mechanisms leading to ischemia / reperfusion lesions remain unclear. In order to study the signaling pathways involved in those processes, we set up an experimental protocol to reproduce in vitro these lesions on an immortalized mice cardiomyocytes cell line (HL-1). When these cells are incubated in a controlled atmosphere containing 0,1% dioxygen, hypoxic lesions can be measured but not reoxygenation lesions. Cell death was mainly due to necrosis induction, with only minor contribution of apoptosis. Mitochondria are known to play a key role in the development of hypoxic lesions, we studied mitochondrial functions using different tools, and evidenced a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, a significant increase of reactive oxygen species production and a decrease of the respiratory chain activity following hypoxia. Once this cellular model validated for studying hypoxic lesions, we analysed the expression of opioid receptors (OR) in HL-1 cell line in order to study the implication of these receptors in cardioprotection. Taken together, our results clearly show that OR can not be found in HL-1 cells, or at a too low level to be pertinent for our cardioprotection study ; we should by then have to use transfection protocols to overexpress receptors of interest
Drieu, la Rochelle Armand. "Etude des interactions fonctionnelles entre récepteurs à peptide RF-amide et caractérisation de ligands bifonctionnels des récepteurs mu opioïde et NPFF." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ109/document.
Full textOpioid analgesics continue to be the cornerstones for treating moderate to severe pain. However, upon chronic administration, their efficiency is limited because of prominent side effects, such as tolerance and dependence. One hypothesis for the occurrence of these side effects is that the chronic stimulation of the opioid system may trigger its endogenous counterparts, anti-opioid systems, producing hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance. Previous data from our lab and others suggest that RF-amide peptide receptors can modulate pain signalling through cross-interactions. We developed cell lines expressing fluorescent RF-amide receptors for the study of functional crosstalk and heterodimerization between RF-amide peptide receptors, i.e. GPR103 and NPFF1R. Through a productive collaboration with two teams of chemists, we identified and characterized multitarget peptidomimetic compounds that combined G protein-biased agonism and NPFFR antagonism. In accordance with in vitro results, we observed that acute subcutaneous administration of this compound produced long-lasting antinociceptive effects with less respiratory depression in mice. No hypersensitivity nor analgesic tolerance developed after chronic administration. Altogether, this molecule showed potent antinociceptive effect with limited side effects upon acute and chronic administration
Henry, Mathilde. "Rôle de la signalisation des enképhalines par les récepteurs opioïdergiques delta dans la résilience au stress chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35776.
Full textThe survival of an individual is essentially based on his ability to adapt to ever-changing living conditions. There is a great variability among individuals regarding their response to chronic stress, defining the concept of resilience. Resilience is an active coping mechanism corresponding to an individual's ability to avoid the negative social, psychological and biological consequences of extreme stress that would compromise their psychological or physical well-being. The phenomenon is complex and recruits many brain structures and several neurotransmitters. Among the neuropeptidergic systems, endogenous opioids, such as enkephalins (ENKs), could be potential targets involved in the occurrence of these natural variations and could thus be a crucial determinant of an individual’s capacity to adapt to chronic stress. In a previous study by Dr Guy Drolet's team, ENK mRNA expression levels were shown to be decreased in the nucleus of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in vulnerable rats after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). In addition, the inhibition of ENKs in the BLA reproduced this vulnerability phenotype in rats, thus demonstrating the preponderant role of the ENK circuitry in the development of resilience. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the contribution of the ENKs circuit via the Delta opioid receptors (DOPr) in the chronic stress resilience, both at the neuroanatomical and functional levels. We first examined, by in situ hybridization, the expression levels of ENKs in BLA in mice after CSDS: as in rats, susceptible mice showed a decrease in ENK mRNA in BLA compared to resilient and controls animals. This result confirmed the implication of the ENKs in resilience in rodents. Subsequently, we evaluated the expression levels of DOPr in the target structures of the BLA. We specifically targeted the hippocampus, which maintains a privileged dialogue with the amygdala in the response to stress and in which DOPr is strongly expressed. DOPr mRNA expression was reduced in the ventral hippocampal CA1 region (CA1-vHPC) in vulnerable mice while the level was preserved in both resilient and control animals. In order to dissect the importance of DOPr signaling in the development of resilience, pharmacological activation was performed: the administration of a DOPr agonist, SNC80, into the systemic circulation, increased the proportion of resilient mice after the CSDS. In a second step, we hypothesized that the maintenance of DOPr mRNA expression in CA1-vHPC allowed the preservation of a controlled oxidative status in neurons, leading to the phenotype of resilience. Indeed, the neuroprotective role of DOPr activation against cellular oxidative damages (i.e. oxidative stress, OS) was demonstrated in different contexts, particularly in ischemic rats. Thus, we observed markers of OS - such as dark neurons and endoplasmic reticulum dilation - by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after CSDS, with or without SNC80 treatment. We specifically targeted excitatory and inhibitory neurons of CA1-vHPC. We were able to demonstrate that the SNC80 decreased the proportion of some OS markers in both resilient and vulnerable animals, while for other markers, it restored CSDS-induced oxidative damages only in vulnerable mice. Finally, an ultrastructural study of mitochondria by TEM, confirmed these results where the SNC80 restored the deleterious effects of stress only in vulnerable mice. These results demonstrated that activation of DOPr signaling is responsible for resilience by the preservation of a controlled oxidative status in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of CA1- vHPC. Finally, a molecular study was performed by western blot, in the total hippocampus, to determine the molecular target of DOPr involved in OS, allowing stress resilience. Complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and antioxidant enzymes were measured. The activation of DOPr showed a decrease in the expression of certain complexes without revealing the exact molecular target of DOPr allowing resilience to chronic stress. Overall, these studies propose a novel mechanism by which ENK-DOPr signaling promotes resilience to chronic stress by enhancing a controlled oxidative status in hippocampal neurons.
Gobeil, Simard Alexis. "Étude de l'implication des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opioïdes dans la sensibilisation au sel au sein du système de récompense." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28927/28927.pdf.
Full textLopez, Carlos Andres. "Mécanismes de contrôle de la prise alimentaire par le système de l'hormone de la mélano-concentration (MCH) : importance des récepteurs opioïdes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29807/29807.pdf.
Full textThe brain melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. The sites and mechanisms of the orexigenic action of the MCH are still uncertain. Knowing the function of the NAcSh in the regulation of reward and pleasure, we hypothesize that MCH agonism in the NAcSh increases the pleasure associated with food intake through the opioid neurons within NAcSh. The presence of MCH receptor (MCHR1) on dynorphin and enkephalin neurons of NAcSh supports this hypothesis. Two different experiments in Wistar male were conducted. Firstly, we measured the capacity of three different opioid antagonists injected in the lateral ventricle at doses of 10 nmol and 40 nmol (for κ and δ) or of 10 nmol and 50 nmol (for µ) to block the increase in food intake induced by MCH injection in the lateral ventricle. The rats pretreated with a microinjection of an opioid antagonist 90 min (for the κ and δ) or 22 h (for µ), received a MCH or vehicle injection. Food intake was monitored during one, two and three hours after MCH or vehicle injection. We found that the blockade of opioid receptors by selective antagonists decreased MCH-induced feeding. Secondly, we assessed the level of pleasure in response to sweet stimulus (one milliliter of a sucrose solution, intraoral) by quantifying facial mimics induced by the presence of sucrose in the mouth. The hedonic responses were monitored, 15 min after the injection of a MCH agonist in the lateral ventricle. The same taste reactivity test was repeated following the injection of MCH in the presence of κ, δ and opioid antagonists. We found that the three opioid antagonists were capable of modifying the increased hedonic response induced by MCH by attenuating the positive hedonic properties of sucrose solution. Our results indicate that the orexigenic and hedonic effects of MCH are linked to three opioid receptors. MCH might activate a specific opioid receptor subtype (κ, µ) for exerting its effects on food intake. The interaction of the MCH and opioids systems could represent an important link in the modulation of the hedonic appetite control.
Aguila, Benjamin. "Etude du rôle des β-arrestines dans la régulation différentielle des récepteurs opioïdes delta dans le neuroblastome humain SK-N-BE̛." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN3012.
Full textBarataud, Aude. "Rôle de la néoglucogenèse intestinale et des récepteurs mu-opioïdes dans les effets bénéfiques du by-pass gastrique chez la souris." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10276/document.
Full textRoux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure (GBP) is an obesity surgery that induces dramatic glucose homeostasis improvements independently of weight loss. A proposed mechanism to explain these glucose homeostasis improvements is an increase in intestinal glucose production (IGP) that induces beneficial effects on metabolism (satiety, improved liver insulin sensitivity). This increase in IGP is found in mice that have undergone a simplified GBP and is also responsible for the beneficial effects of protein-enriched diets through the inhibition of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) by alimentary peptides. We therefore hypothesized that the beneficial effects of GBP could depend on MOR inhibition by dietary proteins and we also tested the causal role of IGP in these metabolic improvements. For this purpose, we performed a duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery (DJB), ie GBP without gastric restriction, in wild-type mice (WT), in mice lacking MOR gene (MOR-/-) and in mice lacking IGP (IG6pc-/-). In obese mice, DJB induced a rapid and substantial weight loss (-30%), partly explained by fat malabsorption, and weight loss-dependent improvements of glucose homeostasis. In contrast, in the non-obese mice, DJB did not induce weight loss nor malabsorption but improved glucose tolerance. Effects were similar in WT, MOR-/- and I-G6pc-/- mice showing that mu-opioid receptors and IGP did not appear to have a causal role in glucose and energy metabolism improvements after DJB
Billet, Fabrice. "Etude neurochimique et comportementale des modulations induites par les récepteurs opioïdes de type d sur les libérations striatales de glutamate et de dopamine chez le rat." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES030.
Full textEnkephalins, endogenous ligands of d opioïd receptors, are the most abundant neuropeptides in the striatum, structure in which they stimulate dopamine release. However, the effect of d opioïd receptors on striatal glutamate, which is mainly released by cortico-striatal neurons, is unknown. Nevertheless, some data suggest its involvement in the dopamine release induced by DPDPE, a d opioïd selective agonist. This hypothesis was tested in the rat. For this purpose, we studied the effect of DPDPE on extracellular dopamine and glutamate levels in the striatum of animals submitted to an ipsilateral cortical lesion. Our results indicate that the striatal dopamine release induced by DPDPE is a consequence of glutamate release from cortico-striatal terminals. Then, we studied the contribution of glial cells in this process. Our experiments show that, although glial cells are essential to maintain glutamatergic neurotransmission, they are not directly involved in the stimulant effect induced by DPDPE on glutamate and dopamine extracellular levels. At last, we investigated the behavioral significance of these interactions, using the rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Our results indicate that d opioïd receptors located on cortico-striatal terminals are involved in dyskinesia. Taken together, our data enhance the knowledge of interactions between the main striatal neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems. They also confer on d opioïd antagonists interesting properties in the improvement of Parkinson’s disease therapy
Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôle des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18343.
Full textMoulédous, Lionel. "Etude de l'architecture fonctionnelle du récepteur de la nociceptine." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30105.
Full textPoisnel, Géraldine. "Polyconsommation de psychotropes et liaisons spécifiques aux récepteurs aux opïoides de type mu, delta et kappa : étude préliminaire à l'investigation chez l'homme et caractérisation de nouveaux ligands utilisables en tomographie par émission de positons." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN3089.
Full textBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused especially in association with benzodiazepines (BZD). First, we have shown that a BZD (dipotassium clorazepate) acts on density of opioid receptor subtypes and affinity of three specific ligands. Consequently, our aim was to investigate if this effect was constant for the BZD class, if it was function of the effective dose, the pharmacokinetic or the abuse potential of each BZD. Five BZD or related (alprazolam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, loprazolam, zolpidem) in combination with BPN were tested to measure their effect on the regulation of µ-opioid receptors. All the studied BZD modify the regulation of µ-opioid receptors induced by BPN by increasing their density. In order to study, in human, the contribution of each opioid receptor subtypes in drug-addiction, pain or anaesthesia, specific tracers with good affinity usable in Positron Emission Tomography or Single Photon Emission Tomography were characterized in vitro by evaluating affinity, selectivity or intrinsic activity. A new methodological approach of competitive displacement binding on tissue sections and using a high-resolution radio-imager was developed and validated. Ex vivo evaluation of the most promising compounds (metabolism, cerebral and peripheral biodistribution and specific binding) in small animals, once radiolabeled, allowed to put forward two new radioligands for in vivo imaging of mu and kappa opioid receptors
Maldonado, Rafael. "Etude du rôle physiologique des enképhalines endogènes dans le comportement locomoteur et la dépendance physique à l'aide d'inhibiteurs de leur dégradation enzymatique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P602.
Full textMarchand, Fabien. "Etude comparée chez l'animal de l'implication des systèmes sérotoninergique et opioi͏̈dergique dans l'effet antihyperalgique de la venlafaxine et de la clomipramine." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P627.
Full textThe mechanism of action of antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain, is still largely unknown. We have examined the antihyperalgic effect of a tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine and a new antidepressant, venlafaxine. We showed that the effect of venlafaxine involved the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems whereas opioidergic system did not seem to be involved, this was in contrast to clomipramine. Additionally, we have demonstrated that co-administration of venlafaxine and 5-HT1A antagonist reduced the delay of onset and increased the antihyperalgic effect of venlafaxine with a differential involvement of serotoninergic and opioidergic systems. Thus, venlafaxine could have specific/novel therapeutic profile different than tricyclics. Moreover, the co-administration of antidepressants and 5-HT1A antagonist could possibly lead to more effective analgesic treatments in chronic pain patients
Quentin, Thomas. "Etude des effets d'un traitement associé de benzodiazépine (clorazépate) à un traitement de substitution aux opiacés (buprénorphine) sur les récepteurs centraux opioïdes de types mu, delta et kappa chez le rat." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2008.
Full textBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused specially in association with benzodiazépines (BZDs). With the aim to explain this craving, we investigated the regulation of opioid receptors subtypes µ, δ and κ induced by dipotassium clorazepate (CRZ) alone or in combination with BPN. Wistars rats were injected acutely (once a day) or chronically (21 days) with CRZ (i. P. ; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with BPN (s. C. ; 0,15 mg/kg). Using a β-imager, we investigated the binding parameters (Bmax and Kd) of three specific tritiated radioligands on rat brain sections. Our results showed that a) CRZ acts on density of opioid receptors and/or affinity of specific ligands b) the down- and/or up-regulation induced by BPN and the opioid ligands affinity were quantitatively modified when CRZ was added to BPN c) effects on opioid receptors were region dependent. Opioid receptors structures are implicated in different hedonic behaviors and their regulation modified by a BZD could explain the abuse of BPN-BZD association
Daumas, Frédéric. "Diffusion latérale du récepteur ư aux opioi͏̈des analysée par suivi de particule unique à la surface de cellules vivantes : relation organisation dynamique-fonction." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30180.
Full textG protein coupled receptors are involved with other partners in a signal transduction pathway whose mechanism is still not completely understood. We used single particle tracking to study the real time lateral movements of the æ opioid receptor on the surface of fibroblast cells stably transfected by a T7-tagged æ opioid receptor. Two populations could be distinguished : 10% of the receptors exhibit a directed diffusion mode and 90% have a "walking confined diffusion" mode combining a short term confined diffusion with a long term random walk. .
Liu, Jing. "Le rat hypotrophe, modèle d’étude de la mort subite du nourrisson : analyse de fonctions cardio-ventilatoires et de récepteurs aux neuropeptides." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES028.
Full textTafani, Jean André Mathieu. "Ligands radioiodés pour l'étude in vivo des récepteurs aux opioi͏̈des par tomographie d'émission monophotonique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30233.
Full textBillet, Fabrice. "ÉTUDE NEUROCHIMIQUE ET COMPORTEMENTALE DES MODULATIONS INDUITES PAR LES RÉCEPTEURS OPIOÏDES DE TYPE δ SUR LES LIBÉRATIONS STRIATALES DE GLUTAMATE ET DE DOPAMINE CHEZ LE RAT." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274404.
Full textRoeckel, Laurie-Anne. "Le récepteur opioïde Mu et les interactions entre systèmes opioïde et cannabinoïde dans les effets nociceptifs et addictogènes de la morphine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ012.
Full textThe opioid system controls pain and reward, and the Mu opioid receptor plays a central role in these effects. In the first part of the thesis, we showed that Mu receptor is also involved in the development of hyperalgesia induced by chronic opiate exposure. In the second part of the thesis, we studied the impact of opioid and cannabinoid interactions on effects associated to chronic morphine administration. We explored the effects of a pretreatment with a CB1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonist, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), on morphine-associated nociceptive, withdrawal, reward and naturalistic behaviors. To complete this behavioral study, we performed transcriptional and functional analyses to identify the neuroadaptative processes involved. Our study demonstrates that dual activation of CB1 and Mu receptors has a beneficial effect on behavioral parameters related to addiction, pointing to potential usefulness of combining both medications for therapeutic interventions