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1
Brunskill, Nigel John. "Binding and uptake of albumin by opossum kidney cells." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29459.
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Assays of both fluid phase endocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis have been developed in opossum kidney cells. The regulation of the endocytic pathway has been examined using a number of potential inhibitors. In particular, bacterial toxins have been employed to identify potential points of regulation of the pathway by GTP-binding proteins. The apical endocytic pathway in these cells has been examined morphologically using electron microscopy of gold-albumin.;Based on the results of the above experiments a rat cDNA encoding the G-protein subunit G13 has been subcloned into pcDNA3. This vector has been stably transfected into opossum kidney cells by the calcium phosphate method. Over-expressing transfects have been selected and screened by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. These stable transfects have been used to measure albumin endocytosis and the results compared to control transfects and wild type cells.;Two binding sites for albumin have been identified, each with a different affinity. Based on the lectin competition studies the receptors appear to be glycoproteins carrying O-linked sugars. Specificity experiments indicate that the receptors share many similar characteristics to the family of scavenger receptors. [125I]-albumin ligand blotting has revealed the presence of three specific albumin binding proteins.;Endocytosis has been visualised using electron microscopy, with gold- albumin being seen in multiple intracellular vesicular structures. These endocytic pathways can be regulated by GTP-binding protein modulating agents. Opossum kidney cells have been successfully transfected with the Gi3 protein subunit. These cells show enhanced uptake of albumin compared to controls.;Therefore the experiments described in the thesis document the characteristics of albumin binding to opossum kidney cells, identify the potential receptors involved, and explore the mechanism of regulation of the subsequent endocytic uptake of albumin by the cells.
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Hall, Jessica Alaina. "OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION IN THE MALE GRAY SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM (MONODELPHIS DOMESTICA)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339712071.
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Harrison, James S. "Behavior and communication in the short bare-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50025.
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Behavior and communication modes were studied in captive Monodelphis domestica, a small solitary, nocturnal, omnivorous marsupial in the family Didelphidae. The social biology was examined to evaluate the importance of visual, olfactory, auditory, and tactile communication. Social contexts were compared in 124 encounters of 30 min each. An ethogram was developed containing 74 behaviors which sorted into 9 major behavioral categories: grooming and resting, exploration, attention, scent marking, vocalizations, social contact, aggression, retreat, and sexual.
Solitary Monodelphis explored, groomed, and scent marked. Familiar male-female pairs displayed less aggression than unfamiliar male-female pairs. Non-estrous females aggressively repelled males and exhibited much dominance related behavior, but male-male pairs were the most agonistic. Seven scent marking modes were identified which functioned to communicate individual identity and sexual advertisement. Males could distinguish sex and estrous condition of conspecific urine donors by olfaction. Dig perineal dragging, lateral side rubbing, and hip rubbing were unique to Monodelphis. Tongue protrusion was observed and may be related to vomeronasal organ function. Four principal agonistic vocalizations were used while one, clicking, was observed only in male sexual behavior and submissive contexts by both sexes. A chittering vocalization is described. Social contact behaviors included approaches and directed sniffs. Males sniffed female cloacal regions who in turn sniffed the ma1es’ sides and abdomens. Dominance-subordinance relationships were characterized.
Behavior of close relatives Didelphis and Marmosa was similar, but some behaviors were unique to Monodelphis.Master of Science
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Wells, Ronnie W. "Functional and morphological effects of inflammation on opossum esophageal smooth muscle cells." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65654.pdf.
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Wells, Ronnie W. "Functional and morphological effects on inflammation on opossum esophageal smooth muscle cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65654.pdf.
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Xu, Xiao Ming. "Developmental plasticity of the rubrospinal tract in the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683756125907.
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Hazimihalis, Pano John. "Myosin isoform fiber type and fiber architecture in the tail of the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1306969937.
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Lammers, Andrew R. "The biodynamics of arboreal locomotion in the gray short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica )." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1102697219.
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Witton, Caroline Janet. "An investigation of oocytes and early embryonic development in the marsupial opossum, Monodelphis domestica." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339946.
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Jackson, Leslie M. "Pheromonal induction of estrus and ovulation in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276533023.
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Lavergne, Anne. "Biologie et structure génétique d'un opossum du genre "Didelphis" en forêt primaire de Guyane française." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20270.
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La region neotropicale presente une tres grande richesse specifique aussi bien dans le regne animal que vegetal. Les causes d'une telle diversite sont nombreuses et ont depuis longtemps intrigue un grand nombre de chercheurs. Les marsupiaux representant une composante importante de la faune neotropicale, nous nous sommes donc dans un premier temps interesses a la structure genetique d'un opossum de la famille des didelphidae : d. Marsupialis en guyane francaise. Pour cela, trois sessions de piegeage ont ete realisees sur le site de petit saut (la premiere ayant ete effectuee lors du programme faune sauvage et correspondant a la translocation d'animaux au cours de la mise en eau d'un barrage). Il a pu etre mis en evidence la sympatrie de deux especes de didelphis : d. Marsupialis et d. Albiventris. Une forte densite d'individus (deuxieme piegeage) ainsi qu'une importante diminution des effectifs (entre la deuxieme et la troisieme session de piegeage) ont aussi pu etre mises en evidence. En parallele une etude basee sur l'analyse de 5 loci microsatellites a ete entreprise pour savoir si les individus deplaces avaient reellement survecu (c'est a dire s'ils avaient pu transmettre leurs genes). De plus, nous avons egalement essaye d'apprehender la structure genetique de ces deux especes au niveau de la guyane francaise. Un isolement par la distance a ainsi pu etre decele pour l'espece d. Marsupialis. Dans un second temps, a une echelle plus globale, nous avons etudie la structuration genetique de d. Marsupialis, au niveau de son aire de repartition, a l'aide de deux marqueurs mitochondriaux : le cytochrome b et la region de controle. De la meme maniere, le phenomene d'isolement par la distance est mis en evidence. Le traitement de ces sequences a egalement revele un patron d'evolution atypique pour ces deux genes (la region de controle evoluant plus lentement que le cytochrome b).
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Rupert, Joseph E. "Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in the prehensile tails of didelphid marsupials: functional differences between arboreal and terrestrial opossums." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1370354125.
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Bailey, R. J. E. "Predatory interactions between the invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus and the native Opossum shrimp Mysis relicta." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368463.
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Santori, Ricardo Tadeu. "Aparato trófico e variação nos hábitos alimentares de Philander opossum e Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/4061.
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Foi testada a hipótese de uma diferenciação nos hábitos alimentares de Philander opossum e Didelphis aurita. Para atingir este objetivo foram estudadas as dietas naturais, a preferência alimentar em laboratório, e a relação destas com a morfofisiologia do aparato trófico. Os dois marsupiais utilizaram invertebrados, pequenos vertebrados e frutos nas suas dietas naturais. Philander opossum apresentou uma maior diversidade de vertebrados na dieta enquanto que Didelphis aurita parece utilizar mais frutos e invertebrados. Em laboratório, os dois marsupiais apresentaram sobreposição dos ítens preferidos da dieta experimental, mas Didelphis aurita mostrou uma utilização mais ampla dos recursos oferecidos. A variação na morfometria da boca entre as duas espécie se deve principalmente ao tamanho. Didelphis aurita apresentou superioridade no comprimento relativo dos intestinos e do tubo digestivo total, enquanto que em Philander opossum foram maiores o comprimento relativo do esôfago e o volume relativo do estômago. Philander opossum foi mais eficiente na digestão de carne. Os resultados indicam que Philander opossum é mais carnívoro que Didelphis aurita.
ln this study, the hypothesis of a differentiation on food habits of Philander opossum and Didelphis aurita was tested. Were studied the diet in the field, food preference in laboratory, and their relationships with morfofisiological traits of trophic apparatus. Both marsupiais feed on invertebrates, small vertebrates and fruits. Philander opossum showed greater diversity of vertebrates in field diet than Didelphis aurita, while the latter used more invertebrates and fruits. The marsupiais overlap in the preferential diet, but Didelphis aurita showed a wider resource utilization in laboratory than Philander opossum. ln Didelphis aurita the relative length of intestines and the overall digestive tract were greater than Philander opossum. ln this latter were greater the relative length of oesofagus and relative volume of stomach. Philander opossum was more efficient in digesting meat. The results indicated that Philander opossum is more camivorous than Didelphis aurita.
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Terman, Jonathan Richard. "Organization and developmental plasticity of Spinocerebellar axons : studies using the North American opossum, Didelphis Virginiana /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948807586953.
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Muinuddin, Ahmad. "Initiation of the distention-induced descending peristaltic reflex in the opossum esophagus, role of muscle contractility." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36063.pdf.
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Ming, Ming. "Regulation of the expression of rat angiotensinogen gene in mouse hepatoma and opossum kidney cell lines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ47633.pdf.
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Smidl, Sarah Lynn. "Carve That Opossum and Plucky, Ducky Underwear: A Narrative Inquiry of Laughter in a Preschool Classroom." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33144.
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This thesis is a narrative inquiry of laughter in a University Lab School preschool classroom that describes the many situations in which children laugh as well as laughter's importance for the children, for me, and for all of us as a whole within the context of our classroom. To date, there is a paucity of research on children's laughter, especially in young children. The majority of research that has been conducted has been quantitative in nature, with few attempts to comprehensively describe the many situations in which laughter occurs. For my study, I felt it crucial to look at, document, and describe preschoolers' laughter, taking into consideration the many facets of their school day including free play, story time, playground time, and snack time. My sample included all of my 14 preschoolers, who ranged in age from 3 years to 4 years, 4 months at the outset of the study. I also deemed it important to look at what these laughter-producing situations meant to me and the children in my classroom, including what deeper worth laughter for all of us, how we used it in the classroom, and how it helped me to grow both personally and professionally through my research.Master of Science
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Waltzer, Robert Paul. "Characteristics of reticular formation projections from the medulla to the forebrain in the North American opossum /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603217689.
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Inamassu, Letícia Rocha. "Descrição anatômica, radiográfica e por tomografia computadorizada da coluna vertebral de gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris)." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181246.
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Orientador: Maria Jaqueline MamprimResumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da coluna vertebral de gambás da espécie Didelphis albiventris, a partir da maceração de espécimes para a obtenção das vértebras, e pela realização de radiografias e tomografia computadorizada, uma vez que não foram encontrados na literatura consultada, trabalhos relacionados à coluna vertebral de gambás-de-orelha-branca. Foram utilizados 35 exemplares independente de sexo e idade de D. albiventris, que vieram a óbito por motivos não associados a este trabalho. Todos os cadáveres foram levados ao Setor de Diagnóstico por Imagem para realização de radiografias dos segmentos vertebrais em projeções tangenciais (lateral direita e ventrodorsal). A partir da avaliação das radiografias, foram selecionados cinco animais sem alterações morfológicas ou secundárias a trauma para serem submetidos ao exame tomográfico e dez para maceração. As informações obtidas a partir dos conjuntos de vértebras maceradas, das radiografias e das tomografias, foram reunidas a fim de se descrever anatomorradiograficamente a coluna vertebral dos gambás-de-orelha-branca. Os resultados foram comparados com os descritos para outros didelfídeos, animais selvagens e domésticos. Os animais estudados apresentaram um padrão de sete vértebras cervicais, 13 torácicas, seis lombares, duas sacrais e entre 24 e 29 caudais, não diferindo significativamente do relatado para outros marsupiais. As informações contidas no trabalho servirão como fonte de consulta no atendimen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy of the vertebral column of the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), using gross vertebra obtained from maceration, and imaging modalities such as radiographs and computed tomography, since there were not found papers about it. A total of 35 D. albiventris specimens were used regardless of sex and age, which deaths were not associated with this study. All the animals were taken to the Diagnostic Imaging Department to perform radiographs of the vertebral segments in tangential projections (right lateral and ventrodorsal). From the evaluation of the radiographs, five animals without morphological abnormalities (abnormalities secondary to congenital or acquired diseases) were selected to be submitted to tomographic examination and ten animals for maceration. Information obtained from the macerated vertebrae, radiographs, and CT scans were collected in order to describe the anatomical anatomy of the spine of the white-eared opossums. The results were compared with those described for other didelphids, wild and domestic animals. The animals studied presented a pattern of seven cervical, 13 thoracic, six lumbar vertebrae, two sacral and 24 to 29 caudal vertebrae, not significantly different from what was reported for other marsupials. The information contained in the study will serve as a literature source to aid in the clinical care of marsupials since the casuist is increasing in wildlife referral centers and speciali... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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QUEIROZ, Joel Araújo. "Flores de antese noturna e seus polinizadores em área de caatinga: redes e sistemas mistos de polinização." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18501.
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As espécies de plantas com flores de antese noturna e seus polinizadores, principalmente, morcegos e mariposas Sphingidae (mariposas de aparelho bucal longo e de hábito predominantemente noturno) foram estudadas no presente trabalho através de abordagens de teoria de redes complexas e de biologia floral (para três espécies de plantas: Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae); e duas espécies de Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Entre janeiro/2011 e dezembro/2012 foram realizadas expedições mensais a um remanescente de Caatinga hiperxerófila situada no Nordeste do Brasil, para coleta de esfingofauna (com auxílio de armadilha luminosa) e de morcegos (com redes de neblina). A carga polínica presente no corpo desses polinizadores foi coletada e os tipos polínicos identificados e quantificados, sendo tais dados usados para construir matrizes qualitativas (presença/ausência) e quantitativas (frequência de individuos com pólen de determinada espécie de planta) para análise interanual de modularidade e robustez da rede de interações. Para as espécies E. spectabile, Ipomoea marcellia e I. aff. marcellia foram coletados dados de morfometria floral (comprimento e largura de corola), antese (início, término e duração total), atributos de néctar (volume, concentração, mg de açúcares, padrão de produção e efeito de remoção) e frequência de visitantes florais diurnos e noturnos. Para as espécies de Ipomoea a eficiência de morcegos e beija-flores foi estimada através de experimentos de exposição seletiva de flores. A rede de interações entre plantas e polinizadores noturnos foi formada por 24 espécies de plantas, 4 morcegos e 15 esfingídeos, sendo registradas 766 conexões totais. A rede apresentou estrutura modular de 0.36, sendo observados três módulos distintos: dois exclusivos de esfingídeos e um misto (morcegos + esfingídeos). No entanto, foi observada intensa frequência de conexões inter-módulos o que pode indicar uma fronteira não tão bem delimitada da guilda de plantas quiropterófilas. A rede apresentou robustez à extinção de espécies variável entre os dois anos de coleta, o que pode ser o resultado do menor tamanho (Rede2011: 42 espécies; Rede2012: 29 espécies) e menor quantidade de conexões (Rede2011: 573; Rede2012: 193) resgistrados no ano mais seco. As espécies E. spectabile, I. marcellia e I. aff. marcellia, de modo geral, apresentaram atributos de morfometria floral mais relacionados à quiropterofilia (polinização por morcegos). No entanto, a morfologia floral e períodos de antese e de disponibilidade de néctar prolongados para além da noite, possibilitaram a beija-flores acessarem néctar e transferirem, com certo grau de sucesso, pólen para o estigma, garantindo um serviço de polinização complementar. Esse sistema de polinização, denominado polinização mista, parece ser uma estratégia recorrente para algumas espécies de Caatinga primariamente relacionadas à polinização por morcegos, podendo garantir maior sucesso reprodutivo para tais plantas.
Plant species with nocturnal flowers and their pollinators, especially bats and hawmoths were studied in this work through complex networks theory approaches and floral biology (for three species of plants: Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae), and two Ipomoea taxa (Convolvulaceae). Between January/2011 and December/2012 were carried out monthly mailings to a remnant of Caatinga hyperxerophilic located in northeastern Brazil, to moth collect (with aid of light trap) and bats (with mist nets). the pollen load present in the body of these pollinators were collected, identified, and quantified pollen types, and such data used to construct qualitative (presence / absence) and quantitative matrices (frequency of individuals with pollen) to analysis of modularity and robustness of network. To E. spectabile, Ipomoea marcellia and I. aff. marcellia were collected floral morphometry (length and width corolla), anthesis (start, end and total duration), nectar attributes (volume, concentration, sugars, pattern of production and removal effect) and frequency flower visitors day and night. To Ipomoea, bats and hummingbirds efficiency was estimated by experiments of selective exposure flowers. The mutualistc network plants and pollinators was formed by 24 plant species, 15 hawkmoths and 4 bats. It was recorded 766 connections. That network presented modular structure, 0.36, with three distinct modules: two exclusive hawkmoths and a mixed hawkmoths and bats). However, there was intense frequency of inter-module connections, which may indicate a boundary not as well defined Guild chiropterophilous plants. The network showed variable robustness between years (2011: Rplant = 0.96; Ranimal = 0.92; 2012: Rplant = 0:33; Ranimal = 0:33), which may be the result of the smaller size (2011: 42 species; 2012: 29 species) and fewer connections. E. spectabile, I. marcellia and I. aff. marcellia showed more attributes related to chiropterophily (pollinated by bats). However, the floral morphology and anthesis periods and prolonged nectar availability in addition to the night, made it possible to access hummingbirds nectar and transfer, with some degree of success, pollen to the stigma, ensuring a supplementary pollination service. This pollination system called mixed pollination, seems to be a recurring strategy for some species of Caatinga primarily related to pollination by bats and can ensure greater reproductive success for such plants.
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Hsu, Jy-Minna. "The comparative reproductive energetics of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148778039326482.
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Mançanares, Celina Almeida Furlanetto. "Morfologia da glândula pineal de gambás (Didelphis sp)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-11042007-142919/.
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A glândula pineal deve ser analisada e estudada em animais da fauna brasileira, para que dados da pesquisa básica possam ser aplicados em novas técnicas de manejo reprodutivo destes animais, inclusive em cativeiro, face à íntima relação deste órgão fotorreceptor com o ciclo reprodutivo. Para este estudo, foram utilizados 10 gambás (Didelphis sp), provenientes do Departamento de Anatomia da USP e UNIFEOB, já mortos e fixados. Nenhum animal foi submetido a situações de dor/sofrimento e ao sacrifício de sua vida. A glândula pineal foi encontrada em todos animais estudados e apresentou-se de diminutas dimensões, não sendo possível, portanto descrever-lhe características macroscópicas. Através da análise microscópica pudemos localizar a glândula no espaço correspondente ao plano mediano, em relação ao encéfalo, rostral e dorsalmente aos colículos rostrais, ventralmente aos hemisférios cerebrais e caudalmente à comissura habenular. Consiste de uma evaginação do teto do diencéfalo e mostra-se em forma de "U" invertido. Comparativamente a características de glândulas pineais de outras espécies animais, a do Didelphis genus, que estudamos, revela peculiaridades tanto em relação ao seu tamanho, apenas perceptível microscopicamente, quanto ao fato de apresentar suas células secretoras dispersas também em áreas vizinhas. Tais peculiaridades motivam reflexões sobre o papel funcional da glândula, na espécie considerada.The pineal gland must to be analyzed and studied in animals of the Brazilian fauna, to apply the data obtained in the basic research of new techniques at reproductive handling of these animals, including in captivity, in view of the close relation between this photoreceptor organ with the circadian and reproductive cycle. For this study, 10 opossums (Didelphis sp), had been used, already died and fixed, proceeding from the Department of Anatomy of USP and UNIFEOB. None animals were submitted to pain/suffering situations and their no life sacrifice. The pineal gland was found in all studied animals with and smaller dimention, not possessing, therefore goss features. By microscopy analysis we could found the gland in the correspondent space to median plan in relation to the encephalon, rostral and dorsally to the rostral coliculli, ventrally to the brain hemispheres and caudally to the habenular comissure. That consistes like an evagination of the diencephalons tectum showing the "U" shape. Considering other pineal glands and its features in different species, we note the gland is extremely small for it specie, possessing dispersed secretory cells in the nervous parenchyma whose form, sufficiently irregular, suggests a small hormonal performance to them in the Didelphis genus. Comparativelly of the pineal gland feactures in different animals, the Didelphis genus, that was our aim, shows pecualirity as in size relation, only microscopically visible, than the fact to prossessing dispased secretory cells, with irregular surrounding shape. All pecualiarites suggest refletion about the function action of the gland at the studied specie.
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Al-Rasheed, Nawal Mohammed. "Proinsulin C-peptide : activation of intracellular signalling pathways and modulation of transcription factors in opossum kidney proximal tubular cells." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29949.
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In recent years an increasingly substantial body of data, supports a role for C-peptide in several biological activities. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of C-peptide action are not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to study the intracellular signalling pathways and the transcription factors that C-peptide activates in proximal tubular cells using opossum kidney cells (OK) as a model. Using specific inhibitors and phospho-specific antibodies, intracellular signalling pathways activated by C-peptide were examined by kinase assay and Western blotting. The results show that C-peptide is able to activate extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and PKC-a. ERK activation was attenuated by PKC inhibitor pre-treatment and activation of ERK and PKC-a were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Elevations of [Ca2+]i were examined using confocal microscopy. C-peptide induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i but the response of cells was variable. Thymidine incorporation assay was used to assess proliferation. C-peptide was found to be a functional mitogen in this cell type stimulating significantly increased cell proliferation. Proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcriptional activity was measured using a luciferase reporter assay in OK cells. C-peptide induced concentration-dependent stimulation of PPARy activity. C-peptide also substantially augmented ciglitazone-stimulated PPARy activity. GW9662, an irreversible PPARy antagonist, blocked PPARy activation by ciglitazone, but had no effect on C-peptide-stimulated PPARy activity. C-peptide stimulation of PPARy was attenuated by wortmannin pre-treatment, and by expression of a dominant negative PI 3-kinase p85 regulatory subunit (Ap85). C-peptide had no effect on protein expression levels of PPARy. PPARy phosphorylation was examined by [32P]-orthophosphate labelling of OK cells and immunoprecipitation of phospho-PPARy. C-peptide-induced PI 3-kinase dependent phosphorylation of PPARy. C-peptide is able to protect against tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (TNF-a) induced proximal tubular cells toxicity. Stimulation with 300ng/ml TNF-a for 24 hours resulted in significant reduction of cell viability which was reversed by pretreatment with C-peptide. TNF-a induced apoptosis was detected by measuring histone associated DNA fragments and DNA nick end-labelling of OK cells. Incubation of cells with 300ng/ml TNF-a for 24 hours induced apoptosis, but C-peptide pr-etreatment protected against TNF-a induced apoptosis. The protective effects of C-peptide were associated with activation of nuclear factor kB (NFkB) and increased expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 2, the product of an NFkB-dependent survival gene. This was dependent upon activation of PI 3-kinase, but not ERK. All C-peptide effects were abolished by pretreatment with PTX implicating a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), to either Goii or GOo, in the transduction of these events. C-peptide increased [35S]-GTPyS binding to Ga* in OK cell membranes. This study has now for the first time demonstrated specifically that Ga* proteins are activated by C-peptide binding to a GPCR. Despite being ignored for many years it is now clear that C-peptide possesses important biological properties and may potentially protect against diabetic complications.
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Thomas, Dylan R. "Ontogeny of Myosin Isoform Expression and Prehensile Function in the Tail of the Grey Short-tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1453221067.
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Péneau, Julie. "Etude de la distribution des vecteurs de la maladie de Chagas et de la variabilité génétique de Trypanosoma cruzi en Guyane française." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0734/document.
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En Guyane comme dans l'ensemble de la région amazonienne, le risque de maladie de Chagas pour l'homme a longtemps été sous estimé du fait de l'absence de vecteur domestique et de l'existence d'un réservoir animal exclusivement sauvage. Le travail présenté répond aux besoins de compléter et d'actualiser les connaissances épidémiologiques disponibles sur la maladie de Chagas dans ce département , en précisant les modalités de circulation de Trypanosoma cruzi et les facteurs impliqués dans le cycle à l'origine des cas humains. Les données cumilées entre 2001 et 2023 représentent 971 spécimens de triatomes. Nous avons choisi de différencier les triatomes provenant des zones non habitées (forêts primaire ou secondaire) de ceux provenant de zones habitées, collectées dans les maisons à la faveur d'intrusion. Une espère, Panstrongylus geniculatus, s'est distinguée par son abondance (61,1%) et son omniprésence dans les différents types de milieux explorés. Au total, neuf espèces ont été retrouvées. En zone non habitée, avec une prédominance de P. geniculatus, P. lignarius, Rhodnius pictipes et R. robustus. L'infection des triatomes par T. cruzi a été étudiée, avec une mise en évidence d'un taux d'infection plus élevé chez les triatomes collectés à l'intérieur des habitations (53.9%) que chez ceux provenant des zones non habitées (46%). L'étude sur les mammifères sauvages a montré des taux d'infection élevés pour T. cruzi chez deux espèces : didelphis marsupialis (62.5%) et Philander opossum (35%). Cette étude a été complétée par l'analyse de la variabilité génétique de T. cruzi identifié par des techniques de génotypage réalisées sur du matériel obtenu à partir de triatomes, de mammifères sauvages et domestiques et des hommes. En zone non habitée trois groupes, TcI, TcII-TcV-TcVI et TcIII-TcIV, ont été caractérisés, avec une prédominance de TcI. Parmi les acteurs du cycle parasite, les chiens et P. geniculatus hébergent le groupe TcIII-TcIV à la différence du genre Rhodnius et des marsupiaux qui hébergent le groupe TcI. Nos résultats ont permis d'émettre un certain nombre d'hypothèses sur la circulation des génotypes de T. cruzi en GuyaneIn French Guiana, as in the whole of Amazon region, the risk of Chagas disease to humans has long been underestimated due to the presence of non-domiciled triatomines and wild animal reservoir. Overall, this thesis aims at reactualizing and improving epidemiological knowledge about Chagas disease in French Guiana, by specific modalities of circulation of Trypanosoma cruzi and the factorsinvolved in the transmission cycle of the origin of human cases. Accumulated data, between 2001 and 2013, represent 971 triatomine specimens collected. We chose to differentiate triatomine collected in uninhabited areas (primary or secondary forests) and those frominhabited areas, collected in homes by intrusion. One species, Panstrongylus geniculatus, was distinguished by its abundance (61.1%) and its presence in different types of habitats investigated. A total of nine species were found in uninhabited area, with the predominance of four species: P. geniculatus, P. lignarius, Rhodnius pictipes and Eratyrus mucronatus. In inhabited area, five species of triatomine were collected, with the predominance of P. geniculatus, R. pictipes and R. robustus. The triatomine infection rate with T. cruzi has been studied, with a highlighting of higher rate of infection in triatomine collected inside houses (53.9%) than those from uninhabited area (46%). The study on wild mammals showed high T. cruzi infection rates for two species: Didelphis marsupialis (62.5%) and Philander opossum (35%).This study was completed by the analysis of the genetic variability of T. cruzi identified by genotyping techniques performed on material obtained from triatomine, wild and domestic mammals and humans. In uninhabited area, three groups$ TcI, TcII-TcV-TcVI and TcIII-TcIV have been characterized, with a predominance of TcIII-TcIV group. In inhabited area, only two groups were characterized (TcI andTcIII-TcIV), with a predominance of TcI. Among the actor’s transmission cycle of parasite, dogs and P. geniculatus were characterized by TcIII-TcIV group. Contrary to Rhodnius genus and marsupials were characterized by the TcI group. Our results have allowed issuing a number of assumptions about the circulation of T. cruzi genotypes in French Guiana
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Monteiro, Renata Molina. "Caracterização molecular de isolados de Sarcocystis spp. obtidos de fezes de marsupiais do gênero Didelphis pela análise de fragmentos gênicos de sequências codificadoras de antígenos de superfície dos parasitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-03102012-113136/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenhar primers, amplificar fragmentos de três loci que codificam antígenos de superfície de protozoários do gênero Sarcocystis spp. isolados do intestino de marsupiais do gênero Didelphis spp., sequenciar os fragmentos gênicos de todos isolados e compará-los entre si e com fragmentos de sequências homólogas disponíveis no GenBank. Trinta e duas amostras de Sarcocystis spp. de gambás do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, tiveram o DNA extraído e amplificado utilizando marcadores moleculares em genes codificadores de antígeno de superfície (SAG-2, SAG-3, e SAG-4). Entre essas amostras, 28 tiveram pelo menos um dos fragmentos gênicos sequenciados. Foi possível sequenciar os 3 fragmentos gênicos de 20 amostras. As análises das sequências dos genes renderam os seguintes resultados: SAG-2: 275 nucleotídeos e sete alelos para 26 amostras; SAG-3: 353 nucleotídeos e seis alelos para 21 amostras; SAG-4: 278 nucleotídeos e onze alelos para 25 amostras. Para cada marcador, análises filogenéticas foram realizadas empregando métodos de distância. As reconstruções filogenéticas permitiram verificar as relações de ancestralidade entre os diferentes alelos, que foram nomeados de acordo com o critério de evolução inferido na topologia das árvores. Para os três loci, diferentes alelos foram agrupados em três grupos ou genótipos, que foram nomeados com caracteres em números romanos I, II, III e IV. Diferenças intra-genótipo (sub-genótipos) foram representados por letras minúsculas (Ia, Ib, Ic, etc.). Cada alelo foi nomeado com numeração arábica (Ia1, Ia2, Ia3, etc.). Nas analises filogenéticas concatenadas baseada em dados de aminoácidos foi possível dividir as amostras dentro de três grupos. A filogenia baseada nas sequências de aminoácidos indica que três grupos de organismos devem existir dentro do complexo de indivíduos da população estudada (Sarcocystis-RS, Falcatula-like e Neurona-like). Embora o grupo designado como Sarcocystis-RS tenha um único alelo para o locus gênico SAG-3 (configuração do tipo III), táxons deste grupo compartilham alelos com indivíduos do grupo Falcatula-like. Assim, seria plausível assumir que exista uma troca gênica entre as duas populações. No que diz respeito ao grupo Neurona-like, nenhum dos indivíduos deste grupo compartilham alelos com indivíduos de outros grupos. No entanto, esta observação precisa ser confirmada, pois as análises foram baseadas em poucas sequências Neurona-like (duas sequências). Este relato revela uma notável diversidade genética entre os isolados de Sarcocystis spp de gambás do Brasil.The present work aimed to design primers and amplify fragments of three loci that code for surface antigens of the protozoan genus Sarcocystis spp. isolated from intestine of marsupials of the genus Didelphis spp and to sequence the gene fragments of all isolates and compare them with each other and with fragments of homologous sequences available in GenBank. Thirty two samples of Sarcocystis spp. from opossums from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, had the nuclear DNA extracted and amplified using the molecular markers targeted to genes encoding surface antigens (SAG-2, SAG-3, and SAG-4). Among these samples, 28 had at least one of the gene fragments sequenced. It was possible to sequence the three gene fragments from 20 samples. The analysis of gene sequences yielded the following results: SAG-2: 275 nucleotides and seven alleles for 26 samples; SAG-3: 353 nucleotides and six alleles for 21 samples; SAG-4: 278 nucleotides and eleven alleles for 25 samples. For each marker phylogenetic analysis was performed employing distance methods. The phylogenetic reconstructions allowed us to verify the ancestry relationships between different alleles, which were named according to the criteria of evolution inferred from the tree topology. For the three loci, different alleles were grouped into three groups or genotypes, which were named with characters in Roman numerals I, II, III and IV. Intra-genotype differences (sub-genotypes) were represented by lowercase letters (Ia, Ib, Ic, etc.). Each allele was named with Arabic numerals (Ia1, Ia2, Ia3, etc.). With concatenated phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid dataset it was possible to divide the samples into three groups. The amino acid based phylogeny indicates that three groups of organisms must exist within the complex of individuals in the population studied (Sarcocystis-RS, Falcatula-like, and Neurona-like). Although the group designated as Sarcocystis-RS has a unique allele for the genetic locus SAG-3 (configuration type III), the taxa of this group share alleles with individuals in the Falcatula-like. Thus, it is plausible to assume that gene exchange occurs between these two populations. Regarding the Neurona-like group, none of the individuals in this group share alleles with individuals of the other groups. However, this observation remains to be confirmed, because this analysis was based on very few Neurona-like sequences (two sequences). This report reveals a striking genetic diversity among Sarcocystis spp isolated from opossums from Brazil.
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Hackett, Harvey Mundy. "Occupancy modeling of forest carnivores in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5544.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 8, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Deweber, Jefferson Tyrell. "Background studies on the fishes of the Opossum Creek / Camp Hydaway Lake system and effects of an herbicide on the lake's aquatic plants /." Lynchburg, VA : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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GUILLEMIN, MARIE-LAURE. "Structuration spatiale et strategies de reproduction chez deux marsupiaux didelphides de guyane (didelphis marsupialis et philander opossum) : relation avec la structuration genetique des populations." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA132025.
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Les resultats presentees dans cette etude sont basees a la fois sur des experiences de capture-recapture effectuees en guyane francaise, et sur l'utilisation de marqueurs genetiques (microsatellites et cytochrome b) chez deux especes de marsupiaux didelphides : didelphis marsupialis et philander opossum. Les didelphides representent une des composantes les plus importantes de la faune neotropicale. De plus, leur position systematique, au sein des mammiferes et egalement des marsupiaux, en fait des modeles d'etudes particulierement interessants car ils representent un modele original d'organisation mammalienne. Les domaines vitaux se chevauchent largement entre les individus, avec toutefois un recouvrement moindre entre femelles qu'entre males. Le renouvellement de la population est tres important, quasiment 100% en un an, pour les deux especes. Peu de jeunes marques dans les poches marsupiales sont recaptures une fois adultes sur la zone d'etude. Pour les deux especes il existe : une saisonnalite basee sur des disponibilites en nourriture et une strategie de reproduction de type r. Les marqueurs genetiques ont montre qu'il existait une reproduction de type polygyne chez p. Opossum. Il existe de plus, une importante tendance a la polyandrie chez p. Opossum et d. Marsupialis avec jusqu'a environ 30% et 50% de multiple paternite chez ces deux especes respectivement. Nos deux especes presentent une structuration de population avec une grande variabilite intra-population et une faible differentiation inter-population correlee a d'importants flux geniques. Les reconstructions phylogenetiques, effectuees tant sur les microsatellites que sur le cytochrome b, ont permis de mettre en evidence l'existence d'un clade guyanais et de souligner la particularite de la zone de cayenne. Cette region aurait pu etre isolee du continent au cours des transgressions marines passees, qui auraient separe les populations continentales et insulaires. Ces donnees montrent que ces deux especes, tres proches phylogenetiquement, presentent d'importantes similarites quant a leur organisation spatiale, leur strategie et mode de reproduction et leur genetique de population. Elles presentent egalement une des structures sociales les moins complexes parmi celles pouvant etre rencontrees chez les mammiferes.
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Horta, Mauricio Claudio. "Estudo epidemiológico de Rickettsia felis em áreas endêmicas e não-endêmicas para febre maculosa no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-12092007-112431/.
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Estudos recentes demonstraram a existência de Rickettsia felis, riquétsia do Grupo da Febre Maculosa, em sangue de pacientes com quadro clínico compatível com a doença e em pulgas infectadas. Este projeto visa determinar a prevalência de R. felis em vetores (pulgas e carrapatos) e em potenciais reservatórios (gambás, cães, gatos, eqüinos e humanos), procedentes de áreas endêmicas (Mogi das Cruzes, Pedreira, Piracicaba e São Paulo), e não endêmicas (Pirassununga) para FM no Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados métodos moleculares (reação em cadeia pela polimerase e sequenciamento de DNA), diagnóstico sorológico e cultivo celular. Em gambás capturados (Didelphis aurita e Didelphis albiventris) foram colhidas 312 pulgas, pertencentes às Famílias Pulicidae (141), Rhopalopsyllidae (170) e Ctenophthalmidae (1) e 709 carrapatos (Amblyomma spp e Ixodes loricatus). Nos cães foram colhidos 212 pulgas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) e 115 carrapatos (Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma aureolatum e Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Nos gatos foram colhidos 66 pulgas (59 C. felis felis e 7 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi) e 10 carrapatos (R. sanguineus e Amblyomma spp). A colheita de sangue foi realizada em 94 gambás, 55 cães, 25 gatos, 85 eqüinos e 238 humanos. Rickettsia felis foi detectada em 42-45,8% das pulgas C. felis felis de gambás, cães e gatos; em 4% das pulgas Polygenis (N) atopus de gambás e em 1,8% e 0,7% de carrapatos I. loricatus e Amblyomma spp, respectivamente, colhidos de gambás. Rickettsia bellii foi detectada em carrapatos I. loricatus (59,1%), A. dubitatum (8,7%) e Amblyomma spp (0,9%) e em uma pulga P. (N.) atopus (1%). Não foi possível a detecção de infecção por Rickettsia spp em sangue dos animais e humanos. Contudo, constatou-se presença anticorpos frente aos antígenos de Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickttesia parkeri, R. felis e R. bellii nas áreas estudadas. A titulação obtida sugere infecção por R. rickettsii em gambás, cães, eqüinos e humanos e por R. parkeri em gambás, cães e eqüinos. R. felis e R. bellii foram isoladas e cultivadas com a utilização de células C6/36 e VERO, respectivamente.Recent studies have showed the presence of Rickettsia felis, a spotted fever group Rickettsiae, in human blood with clinical signs compatible with spotted fever and in infected fleas. This work aims to determine the prevalence of R. felis in potential vectors (fleas and ticks) and reservoirs (opossums, dogs, cats, equines and humans) from endemic (Mogi das Cruzes, Pedreira, Piracicaba e São Paulo), and non-endemic (Pirassununga) areas for spotted fever in the State of São Paulo. Molecular probes (polimerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing), serologic diagnoses and cell culture were used. From trapped opossums (Didelphis aurita and Didelphis albiventris) a total of 312 fleas, belonging to Family Pulicidae (141), Rhopalopsyllidae (170) and Ctenophthalmidae (1) and 709 ticks (Amblyomma spp and Ixodes loricatus) were collected. On dogs a total of 212 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) and 115 ticks (Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma aureolatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were collected. On cats, 66 fleas (59 C. felis felis and 7 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi) and 10 ticks (R. sanguineus and Amblyomma spp) were collected. Blood samples were collected from 94 opossums, 55 dogs, 25 cats, 85 equines and 238 humans. Rickettsia felis was detected in 42-45,8% of the C. felis felis collected on opossums, dogs and cats. This same Rickettsia species was detected in 4% of Polygenis (N.) atopus fleas, and 1,8% and 0,7% of I. loricatus and Amblyomma spp ticks, respectively, collected from opossums. Rickettsia bellii was found in ticks I. loricatus (59,1%), A. dubitatum (8,7%) and Amblyomma spp (0,9%) and in a flea P. (N.) atopus (1%). No Rickettsia DNA was detected in animal or human blood samples. However antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, R. felis and R. bellii were detected in all locations. The titers suggest infection by R. rickettsii in opossums, dogs, equines and humans and by R. parkeri in opossums, dogs and equines. R. felis and R. bellii were isolated and cultivated with the C6/36 and VERO cells, respectively.
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Willingham, Alison N. "Emerging Factors Associated With The Decline Of A Gray Fox Population And Multi-Scale Land Cover Associations Of Mesopredators In The Chicago Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228336802.
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Deweber, Jefferson T. "An introductory look at the fishes of the Opossum Creek / Camp Hydaway Lake System and the effects of an herbicide on the Lake's aquatic plants." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Cutolo, Andre Antonio. "Anticorpos para Leptospira spp. em mamíferos silvestres do município de Monte Mor, estado de São Paulo." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191139.
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Orientador: Carlos Roberto TeixeiraResumo: A leptospirose é uma zoonose potencialmente fatal causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. Espécies animais hospedeiras adaptadas a sorovares específicos podem ser portadoras e dispersoras ambientais da bactéria. De 2009 a 2011, 45 mamíferos silvestres (39 gambás Didelphis albiventris, quatro ouriços Sphiggurus villosus, um ratão-do-banhado Myocastor coypus e uma capivara Hidrochoerus hidrochaeris) encontrados por munícipes em áreas antrópicas de Monte Mor, SP, foram capturados, contidos e tiveram amostras de soro coletadas para detecção de anticorpos para Leptospira. As amostras foram tituladas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT) para diferentes sorogrupos. Um total de 35,56% (16/45) animais foram reagentes para presença de anticorpos para Leptospira para um total de 11 sorogrupos diferentes. O sorovar dominante mais frequente, dentre os 12 identificados, foi o Icterohaemorrhagiae (6/16), seguido de Gryppotyphosa (4/16) e Pyrogenes (2/16). Didelphis albiventris, espécie mais abundante no estudo, apresentou uma prevalência de 35,9% (14/39) de anticorpos para Leptospira, enquanto S. villosus teve 0% (0/4) e M. coypus (1/1) e H. hidrochaeris (1/1) 100%. Dentre os Didelphis albiventris avaliados, houve maior frequência de reatividade sorológica à Leptospira interrogans, sorogrupos Icterohaemorrhagiae, com 35,71% (5/14) e Gryppotyphosa com 28,57% (4/14), indicando contaminação ambiental por tais leptospiras e a possibilidade de exposição e infecção de humanos e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis caused by Leptospira bacteria. Some animal host species are adapted to specific serovars being potential carriers and environmental dispersers. From 2009 to 2011, 45 wild mammals (39 opossums Didelphis albiventris, four porcupines Sphiggurus villosus, one coypu Myocastor coypus and one capybara Hidrochoerus hidrochaeris) found by citizens in anthropic areas of Monte Mor municipality were captured, contained and had sera samples collected for Leptospira antibody detection. The samples were titrated by the microagglutination technique (MAT) for different serogroups. A total of 35.56% (16/45) animals were reactive for Leptospira antibodies for 11 different serogroups. The most frequent serovar, among the 12 identified, was Icterohaemorrhagiae (6/16), followed by Gryppotyphosa (4/16) and Pyrogenes (2/16). Didelphis albiventris, the most abundant species in the study, had a prevalence of 35.9% (14/39) for Leptospira antibodies, while S. villosus had 0% (0/4), M. coypus (1/1) and H. hydrochaeris (1/1) 100%. Among the seropositive D. albiventris, 35.71% (5/14) and 28.57% (4/14) seroreacted for Leptospira interrogans species, serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Gryppotyphosa respectively, indicating environmental contamination by these bacteria and the possibility of exposure and infection of humans and domestic animals in the studied area.
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ARAUJO, Laudemir Roberto Ferreira. "Descrição taxonômica de Cruzia sp. nov. e Aspidodera sp. nov. (Nematoda, Ascaridida), parasitas de intestino grosso de Philander opossum Linnaeus, 1758, Marsupial de Carajás-Pará, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4878.
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O Brasil possui a maior biodiversidade do planeta, apresentando ecossistemas importantes como a Floresta Amazônica, Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, Pantanal e a Caatinga. A Região Amazônica por suas características geográficas e sócio-econômicas, propicia a ocorrência de várias doenças infecciosas e parasitárias emergentes e re-emergentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar estudo taxonômico dos helmintos encontrados no sistema digestivo de marsupiais da espécie Philander opossum, oriundos da Floresta Nacional de Tapirapé-Aquiri – Serra dos Carajás. Este animal silvestre da ordem Didelphimorfia e Família Didelphidae apresenta hábitos noturnos, alimenta-se de frutos pequenos; importante para dispersão das sementes e é comum em ambientes urbanos. O P. opossum é um reservatório silvestre de protozoários (Trypanosoma cruzi e Nuttallia brasiliensis) e vários helmintos. Análises preliminares do intestino deste hospedeiro, mostraram numerosos nematódeos, que foram analisados por microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura para identificação de espécies. A colheita dos nematódeos foi realizada em PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) e os parasitos foram transferidos para solução fixadora de AFA (Álcool 70%, Formol P.A. e Ácido acético P.A.), posteriormente estes helmintos foram processados por desidratação em série etanólica crescente, clarificação com Lactofenol de Aman, montagem entre lâmina e lamínula. Realização de análises, desenhos e fotografias foram feitas no microscópio Olympus BX 41 com câmara clara e também processados para microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Os resultados indicaram a presença de parasitos do filo nematoda de intestino grosso de P. opossum de Carajás-PA, pertencentes às famílias Kathlaniidae e Aspidoderidae, sendo que pelos dados morfológicos estes parasitos são espécies novas dos gêneros Cruzia e Aspidodera, respectivamente.
The Brazil possesses the biggest biodiversity of the planet, presenting important ecosystems, such as the Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal and the Caatinga. The Amazon region for its geographic and partner-economic characteristics propitiates the occurrence of some „emerging‟ and „re-emerging‟ infectious and parasitic illnesses. The objective of this work is to carry taxonomic studies on the helminthes found in the digestive system of marsupials of the Philander opossum species, deriving from the National Forest of Tapirapé-Aquiri - Mountain range of the Carajás. This wild animal from the Didelphimorfia order and Didelphidae family presents nocturnal habits; it fed on small fruits; is important for dispersion of the seeds and it is common in urban environments. The Philander opossum is a wild reservoir of pathogenic protozoa, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Nuttallia brasiliensis and many worms. Preliminary analyses of the intestine of this host, showed numerous nematodes that had been analyzed by light Scanning Electronic Microscopy for species identification. The capture of nematodes was made in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) and the parasites were transferred to fixing solution (EAGERNESS) (Alcohol 70%, Formol P.A and ascetic acid P.A.), posteriormenty these helminthes were processed with: dehydration in increasing etanolic series, clarification with Lactophenol of Aman, mounting between blade and coverslip. Analyses, desingns and photographs were made in the microscope Olympus BX 41 with draying and also processed in Scanning Electronic microscopy (SEM). The results indicated the presence of parasites from the thick intestine of P. opossum from Carajás-Pará, belowging to Kathlaniidae and Aspidoderidae families, and according the morphologic data, these parasites are new species from the genus Cruzia and Aspidodera.
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Olson, Rachel A. "Biomechanics of the Mammalian Tongue: Kinematic Analysis of Tongue Movements and Deformations during Feeding and Drinking." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1590512614824391.
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Jorge, Sérgio. "Identificação molecular e perfil sorológico de Leptospira spp. isolada de gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) no sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2539.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-20Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs all over the world, particularly in developing countries, caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Several marsupial species are considered susceptible to infection caused by a wide variety of Leptospira serovars, acting as reservoirs. In this work were collected serum and urine samples of 33 White-eared opossum, trapped within distinct locations of Capão do Leão and Pelotas cities, in the South of Brazil, aiming to detect antibodies and to isolate leptospires. Serum samples were screened against a panel of 58 Leptospira spp and Leptonema illini serovars using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). To attempt isolation, urine samples from all animals were inoculated in culture medium.EMJH enriched with 10% of supplement Difco® One pathogenic serovar was isolated after two months of inoculation, and is first isolate the country for this animal species and was characterized by PCR using primers for 16S and Lipl32 genes. The technique of partial sequencing of the rpoB gene was used to identify the genomic specie. The isolated strain belongs to the specie L. borgpetersenii, which along with L .interrogans are the main cause disease in humans. The isolate, was tested on MAT using dog, cattle and human sera. Cut off titer of 50 was used for domestic animal sera and 25 for human and opossum sera. Both human and animal sera presented agglutination on MAT to isolated strain corresponding to 3.3% (2/60), 28.33% (17/60) and 1.67% (1/60) in human, dog and cattle sera, respectively. The opossum sera presented 36.36% (12/33) of reaction. These findings suggest a probable white-eared opossum role in the maintenance of pathogenic Leptospira on the environment since low titer sera and urine elimination were observed. These animals could be important reservoirs of Leptospira serovars for human and domestic animals.
A Leptospirose é uma antropozoonose de ocorrência mundial, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento, causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. Várias espécies de marsupiais e didelfídeos são consideradas suscetíveis a infecção causada por uma grande variedade de sorovares patogênicos de Leptospira spp. tendo sido considerados possíveis hospedeiros deste agente. Neste trabalho foram coletadas amostras de soro e urina de 33 gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris), capturados em diferentes regiões dos municípios do Capão do Leão e Pelotas, no sul do Brasil, com o objetivo de detectar anticorpos e isolar leptospiras. As amostras de soro foram testadas por aglutinação microscópica (MAT), utilizando 58 sorovares de Leptospira spp. e 1 de Leptonema. Para o isolamento, amostras de urina foram inoculadas em meio de cultura EMJH enriquecido com 10% de suplemento Difco®. Um sorovar patogênico foi obtido da urina, sendo o primeiro isolado do país para esta espécie, e foi caracterizado quanto ao gênero e patogenicidade por PCR utilizando primers para os genes 16S rDNA e Lipl32. A técnica de seqüenciamento parcial do gene rpoB foi utilizada para identificar a espécie genômica. A cepa isolada pertence à espécie L. borgpertersenii,, que juntamente com L. interrogans são as principais causadoras de doença em humanos. Anticorpos anti isolado de gambá foram avaliados em amostras sorológicas de 60 cães, 60 bovinos, 60 humanos e dos 33 gambás capturados através da MAT. Os soros humanos apresentaram reação de 3,3% (2/60), 28,33% (17/60) em soros caninos, 1,67% (1/60) em soros bovinos e 36,36% (12/33) em soros dos gambás capturados no estudo. Esses dados sugerem o envolvimento do gambá-de-orelha-branca na manutenção de leptospiras no ambiente, uma vez que estando infectados por sorovares patogênicos podem eliminar o agente pela urina e infectar direta ou indiretamente animais domésticos e conseqüentemente o homem.
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Groce, Brian Chad. "Trypanosoma Cruzi in Wild Raccoons and Opossums from Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/31.
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Only 6 autochthonous cases of human Chagas disease have been documented in the U.S.A., however, as many as 5% of immigrants from Latin America may be infected with the etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite has been isolated from a variety of wild mammals, particularly in the southeastern region of the U.S.A. The goal of our study was to determine if the sylvatic cycle of T. cruzi infection occurs in Kentucky, and, if present, to assess the prevalence of infection in Warren and Barren counties. Raccoons and opossums were live-trapped between June and December, 2007. Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, and blood samples were collected using a vacutainer system. Sera were frozen at -80oC for subsequent analysis, and whole blood samples were inoculated, in duplicate, into liver infusion tryptose (LIT) medium and cultured at 27oC. Seventeen T. cruzi isolates from raccoons have been positively identified by hemoculture. A total of 25/44 (57%) raccoon samples were found to be positive by hemoculture or serological analysis. In Warren County 18/25 (72%) of raccoons tested positive for T. cruzi and 7/19 raccoons (37%) in Barren County were positive for the parasite. Eighteen of 43 (42%) of the sera collected from opossums in Warren County and 3 of 5 (60%) from Barren County were judged to be positive by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or indirect immunofluorescence assay tests (IFAT). There were no positive hemoculture results for the opossum samples. The infection rates found in the current study for raccoons were slightly higher than those reported in previous studies in the U.S.A. However, the overall prevalence of T. cruzi in opossums (determined by serological analysis) was consistent with previous studies performed in the southeast. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. cruzi from the state of Kentucky.
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Steiner, Cynthia. "Contribution à l'étude de la phylogéographie et la phylogénie des opossums ("Marsupialia", "Didelphidae") en Amérique du sud." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20028.
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Walker, James John. "Chemically identified afferent systems in the opossum's cerebellum /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487595712160197.
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Scheibel, Raymond Philip. "THE SYSTEMATICS OF MARSUPIAL PARASITES IN VIANNAIIDAE (NEMATODA): A NEW SPECIES AND A RECONSTRUCTION OF CHARACTERS USEFUL IN THEIR CLASSIFICATION." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1156.
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One of the most diverse groups of parasitic nematodes includes the nematodes of the suborder Trichostrongylina. Trichostrongyle systematic classification is based on the study of the anterior end, the female reproductive system, the male copulatory bursa and cuticular ridges, which make up the synlophe. These morphological characters also assist taxonomists to characterize species and assign them into one of the three superfamilies. Heligmosomoidea is the most diverse superfamily, including Viannaiidae. This family represents one of the major evolutionary radiations of trichostrongyles in South America. Members of Viannaiidae parasitize a variety of mammals endemic to the Neotropics including, but not limited to, the opossums. Viannaiids have great morphological variation in the reproductive organs of the females and the secondary sexual structures of the males (e.g., rays in the bursa). Consequently, the placement of these species in classification schemes has drastically changed over time. The prevailing taxonomy relies on the host used by the parasites as well as their geographic distribution. Viannaiidae has always included monodelphic nematodes with simple synlophes, yet it eventually included species in the genus Travassostrongylus, which the morphology is very distinct from the rest of the members of the family. Differences pertain to a greater number of ridges of the synlophe and the didelphic female reproductive system. These features are more similar to trichostrongyles in Herpetostrongylidae and Nicollinidae, which infect Australian vertebrates, the majority of which are marsupials. I herein document the diversity of this group by reporting the presence of a putative new species and use five gene regions to reconstruct the phylogeny of Viannaiidae exclusive of didelphid marsupials. I used the resulting phylogeny to test the monophyly of Travassostrongylus and Viannaia and to reconstruct the character evolution of the monodelphic/didelphic condition and the ornamentation of the cuticle. The phylogeny indicates that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, recovering a clade with the Travassostrongylus species and trichostrongyles from Australian fauna. The tests for character reconstruction assist in determining that the didelphic condition and the presence of dorsal synlophe ridges in Travassostrongylus and Austrostrongylus may be traits inherited from a common ancestor. Furthermore, it was apparent that a character change from didelphic to monodelphic occurred in the common ancestor of the Viannaia species. This ancestor also underwent a change from a dorsal cuticle with ridges to a smooth cuticle. Though the study suggests that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, the inclusion of more species from these genera and the viannaiids found in hystricognaths from the New World rodents will conclusively determine the affinities of the members of the family. Finally, I suggest that the relationship between the species in Travassostrongylus and the Australian parasites dates to the Gondwana landmass and that these trichostrongyles, or their ancestors, were present in the marsupials of that time period. The examination of microbiotheriids could provide more information and illuminate the factors that led to the evolutionary relationship between the parasites of America and Australia.
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Salas, Pérez Edith, and Pérez Edith Salas. "Dieta y relaciones tróficas en la comunidad de didélfidos en la selva baja del noreste del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/406.
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Se estudió la dieta de cuatro especies de marsupiales didélfidos, Philander andersoni, P. opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus y Didelphis marsupialis en los bosques húmedos de los alrededores de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto, Perú, mediante el análisis de sus contenidos estomacales. El análisis de los datos incluyó comparaciones intraespecíficas a nivel de edad y sexo, y comparaciones interespecíficas a nivel de época y hábitats; mediante análisis de varianza, los índices de amplitud y sobreposición de nicho.
El consumo de insectos fue predominante en M. nudicaudatus, comprendiendo más del 60% del volumen de la dieta. Las diferencias significativas se encontraron a nivel intraespecífico según edad en M. nudicaudatus en el consumo de plantas, y a nivel interespecífico se observó que P. opossum consume Chilopoda y M. nudicaudatus consume Insecta a diferencia de las otras especies estudiadas, y no se encontró variación por época ni por hábitat. La mayor amplitud de nicho ocurrió en D. marsupialis (5.53) y la menor en M. nudicaudatus (2.1). Mientras que la sobreposición de nichos fue más alta entre las especies de P. andersoni y M. nudicaudatus (0.99). Las especies de marsupiales muestran algunas variaciones intraespecíficas e interespecíficas en sus hábitos alimenticios y por lo general usan los recursos similares disponibles, alimentándose de un alto porcentaje de Insecta, seguido de las categorías plantas y Vertebrata.
Los resultados muestran algunas semejanzas con otros estudios realizado en el Neotrópico y constituyen el primer aporte a la historia natural de estas especies en Perú.-- The natural diet of four didelphids marsupial species was studied; Philander andersoni, P. opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus and Didephis marsupialis in the rainforest surrounding of the Iquitos-Nauta road, Loreto, Peru, through stomach contents analysis, The data analysis included intraespecific relationships (age and sex), and interspecific relationships (climatic season and habitat) comparisons, through variance analysis, niche breadth and overlap indices. The insect consumption was higher in M. nudicaudatus, showing more than 60% of the total diet volume. The statistically significant differences were found at the intraspecific relationship level according to the age in the plant consumption in M. nudicaudatus, and interspecific relationships differences were found for P. opossum which eats Chilopoda and M. nudicaudatus eats Insecta with respect the other species studied here. Variation in climatic season and habitat were not found in the studied species. D. marsupialis presented the largest niche breadth (5.53) and M. nudicaudatus the lowest (2.1). Meanwhile, the highest niche overlap occurred between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (0.99). The species showed some intraspecific and interspecific variations in food habits, and generally use the same available resources, feeding at a high percentage of the Insecta category, followed by plants and Vertebrata categories. The results show similarities with another studies developed in the Neotropic and constitute the first contribution to the natural history of those species in Peru.
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Salas, Pérez Edith. "Dieta y relaciones tróficas en la comunidad de didélfidos en la selva baja del noreste del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/406.
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Se estudió la dieta de cuatro especies de marsupiales didélfidos, Philander andersoni, P. opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus y Didelphis marsupialis en los bosques húmedos de los alrededores de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto, Perú, mediante el análisis de sus contenidos estomacales. El análisis de los datos incluyó comparaciones intraespecíficas a nivel de edad y sexo, y comparaciones interespecíficas a nivel de época y hábitats; mediante análisis de varianza, los índices de amplitud y sobreposición de nicho.
El consumo de insectos fue predominante en M. nudicaudatus, comprendiendo más del 60% del volumen de la dieta. Las diferencias significativas se encontraron a nivel intraespecífico según edad en M. nudicaudatus en el consumo de plantas, y a nivel interespecífico se observó que P. opossum consume Chilopoda y M. nudicaudatus consume Insecta a diferencia de las otras especies estudiadas, y no se encontró variación por época ni por hábitat. La mayor amplitud de nicho ocurrió en D. marsupialis (5.53) y la menor en M. nudicaudatus (2.1). Mientras que la sobreposición de nichos fue más alta entre las especies de P. andersoni y M. nudicaudatus (0.99). Las especies de marsupiales muestran algunas variaciones intraespecíficas e interespecíficas en sus hábitos alimenticios y por lo general usan los recursos similares disponibles, alimentándose de un alto porcentaje de Insecta, seguido de las categorías plantas y Vertebrata.
Los resultados muestran algunas semejanzas con otros estudios realizado en el Neotrópico y constituyen el primer aporte a la historia natural de estas especies en Perú.-- The natural diet of four didelphids marsupial species was studied; Philander andersoni, P. opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus and Didephis marsupialis in the rainforest surrounding of the Iquitos-Nauta road, Loreto, Peru, through stomach contents analysis, The data analysis included intraespecific relationships (age and sex), and interspecific relationships (climatic season and habitat) comparisons, through variance analysis, niche breadth and overlap indices. The insect consumption was higher in M. nudicaudatus, showing more than 60% of the total diet volume. The statistically significant differences were found at the intraspecific relationship level according to the age in the plant consumption in M. nudicaudatus, and interspecific relationships differences were found for P. opossum which eats Chilopoda and M. nudicaudatus eats Insecta with respect the other species studied here. Variation in climatic season and habitat were not found in the studied species. D. marsupialis presented the largest niche breadth (5.53) and M. nudicaudatus the lowest (2.1). Meanwhile, the highest niche overlap occurred between P. andersoni and M. nudicaudatus (0.99). The species showed some intraspecific and interspecific variations in food habits, and generally use the same available resources, feeding at a high percentage of the Insecta category, followed by plants and Vertebrata categories. The results show similarities with another studies developed in the Neotropic and constitute the first contribution to the natural history of those species in Peru.
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Koester, Diana. "Effect of perinatal exposure to progesterone and estradiol on organization of reproductive behavior and neuroendocrine responsiveness in opossums (Monodelphis domestica)." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32227.
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Cruz, Lígia Parreira da. "Pesquisa de Trypanosoma cruzi e relato de ocorrência de helmintes gastrointestinais em gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambá-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) num CRAS do município de Jundiaí, estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21147.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs gambás (Didelphis spp.) são mamíferos marsupiais que ocorrem ao longo do conti-nente americano e que, devido à cada vez maior destruição dos seus habitats e aproximação dos centros urbanos, são hoje considerados animais sinantrópicos. Estes animais constituem um importante reservatório natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, pro-tozoário agente da Doença de Chagas, considerada, pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, uma Doença Tropical Negligenciada. Os estudos sobre a fauna helmintológica dos gambás restringem-se sobretudo ao gambá-da-virgínia (Didelphis virginiana) e ao gambá-comum (Didelphis marsupialis). Os registos feitos de helmintes em gambás no Brasil são esporádicos, dispersos e também muito variáveis, con-forme as dinâmicas ecológicas nas diferentes regiões e biomas. No Estado de São Paulo, ocor-rem as espécies gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambá-de-orelha-preta (Didel-phis aurita). Os objetivos deste trabalho foram averiguar a existência de T. cruzi, bem como pesquisar helmintes nos gambás que deram entrada na Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil), oriundos do município de Jundiaí e municípios circundantes. Para tal, foram colhidas amostras nos gambás-de-orelha-branca e de orelha-preta em recuperação (n=20) e realizadas necrópsias (n=11), na Associação Mata Ciliar, entre os dias 10 e 19 de Maio de 2019, para posterior proces-samento das amostras na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. As análises feitas por RCP, bem como os esfregaços de conteúdo perianal e sangue, revelaram-se negativos para a pesquisa de T. cruzi. A pesquisa de helmintes revelou que 5 dos 10 animais sujeitos a necrópsia estavam infetados. Os helmintes encontrados e respetivas pre-valências foram Cruzia sp. (40%, 4/10), Strongyloides sp. (40%, 4/10), Trichuris sp. (30%, 3/10), Turgida sp. (10%,1/10), Oligacanthorhynchus sp. (10%, 1/10) e Cestoda (40%, 4/10). Este estudo representa, assim, um importante contributo para o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica dos gambás do município de Jundiaí e municípios circundantes e poderá constituir uma base para investigações futuras sobre este tema.
ABSTRACT - Research of Trypanosoma cruzi and report of occurrence of gastrointestinal hel-minths in White-eared Opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian Common Opossum (Didelphis aurita) in a wildlife rehabilitation center in the municipality of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil - Opossums (Didelphis spp.) are marsupial mammals that occur throughout the American continent. Nowadays they are considered synanthropic animals due to the increasing destruction of their habitats and the proximity of urban centers. These animals are an important reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan agent of Chagas disease which is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease by the World Health Organi-zation. Studies on the helminthological fauna of opossums are mainly restricted to the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). The records of helminths from opossums in Brazil are sporadic, dispersed and very variable, according to the ecological dynamics in the different regions and biomes. In the state of São Paulo, the species that occur are the White-eared Opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian Common Opossum (Didelphis aurita). The objectives of this work were to investigate the existence of T. cruzi, as well as to search for helminths in the opossums admitted to the Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil), from the municipality of Jundiaí and surrounding municipalities. To this end, samples were collected from opossums in rehabilitation (n=20) and necropsies (N=11) were performed at As-sociação Mata Ciliar between 10th and 19th May 2019, for further sample processing at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. PCR analyzes, as well as smears of perianal content and blood for T. cruzi research, were negative. The helminth research revealed that 5 out of 10 necropsied opossums were infected. The helminths found and their prevalence were Cruzia sp. (40%, 4/10), Strongyloides sp. (40%, 4/10), Trichuris sp. (30%, 3/10), Turgida sp. (10%, 1/10), Oligacanthorhynchus sp. (10%, 1/10) and Cestoda (40%, 4/10). This study thus constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of the helmintho-logical fauna of opossums in the municipality of Jundiaí and surrounding municipalities and could provide a basis for future research on this topic.
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Sousa, Fabiola Carine Monteiro de. "Efeito renal do veneno da Brothrops erythromelas e bloqueio induzido pelo fator antibotrÃpico do Didelphis marsupialis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=269.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorSome animals present natural resistance to the effects of snake venoms that can be explained by the presence of neutralizing factors in their blood serum. The resistance of South American Didelphis marsupialis, against crotalid venoms, especially of the genus Bothrops, of utmost medical importance in Brazil, has been object of investigation in the last few years. Bothrops erythromelas, known as âjararaca-da-secaâ or âjararaca-malha-de-cascavelâ is responsible for a great deal of snakebites in Northeastern Brazil. The venom of this snake induces acute renal failure (Wen et al., 1989). In this work, we examined the action of the antibothropic factor isolated from Didelphis marsupialis on the renal effects of B. erythromelas venom in the absence of systemic interactions. Isolated kidneys from Wistar rats, weighing 260 to 300g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6g% of bovine serum albumin, Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL), antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10mg/mL), antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10mg/mL) incubated with Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL) and antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (30mg/mL) incubated with Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL). The parameters studied included perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow (UF), percent sodium, potassium and chloride tubular transport (%TNa+, %TK+ and %TCl-), and osmotic clearance (Cosm). The control group perfused with albumin was functionally stable for over 120 min. The administration of antibothropic factor from Didephis marsupialis (10Âg/mL) did not modify the functional kidney parameters when compared with control group. The infusion of B. erythromelas venom (10Âg/mL) caused a significant decrease (p< 0,05*) in perfusion pressure and renal vascular resistance at 60, 90 and 120 min. with maximum effect at 90 min. (PP→ ct90 = 108.70 Â 5.1 mmHg vs vBE90 = 65.20 Â 5.6* mmHg) and (RVR→ ct90 = 5.76 Â 0.65 mmHg/mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE90 = 3.10 Â 0.45* mmHg/mL.g-1.min-1). The glomerular filtration rate decreased at 60 min. and increased at 90 and 120 min (ct120 = 0.72 Â 0.10 mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE120 = 1.24 Â 0.26* mL.g-1.min-1). After administration of the venom, the urinary flow increased at 90 and 120 min when compared with control group (ct120 = 0.14 Â 0.07 mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE120 = 0.47 Â 0.08* mL.g-1.min-1). Sodium transport percent decreased at 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 79.18 Â 0.88% vs vBE90 = 58.35 Â 4.86* %). Potassium transport percent decreased at 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 67.20 Â4.04% vs vBE90 = 57.32 Â 5.28* %). Chloride transport percent decreased at 60, 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 77.32 Â 2.22% vs vBE90 = 55.97 Â 5.52* %). The osmotic clearance increased at 90 and 120 min. (ct120 = 0.13 Â 0.01 mL. g-1.min-1 vs vBE120 = 0.42 Â 0.07* mL.g-1.min-1). The antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10Âg/mL) incubated with B. erythromelas venom (10Âg/mL) blocked only the effects promoted by venom in the perfusion pressure and in the renal vascular resistance, whereas the highest concentration of the antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (30Âg/mL) reversed the effects on renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, percent sodium potassium and chloride tubular transport (%TNa+, %TK+ and %TCl-), and osmotic clearance (Cosm). In conclusion, B. erythromelas venom altered all the renal functional parameters evaluated and the antibothropic factor from D.marsupialis was able to inhibit the effects induced by the venom in rat isolated kidney.
Some animals present natural resistance to the effects of snake venoms that can be explained by the presence of neutralizing factors in their blood serum. The resistance of South American Didelphis marsupialis, against crotalid venoms, especially of the genus Bothrops, of utmost medical importance in Brazil, has been object of investigation in the last few years. Bothrops erythromelas, known as âjararaca-da-secaâ or âjararaca-malha-de-cascavelâ is responsible for a great deal of snakebites in Northeastern Brazil. The venom of this snake induces acute renal failure (Wen et al., 1989). In this work, we examined the action of the antibothropic factor isolated from Didelphis marsupialis on the renal effects of B. erythromelas venom in the absence of systemic interactions. Isolated kidneys from Wistar rats, weighing 260 to 300g, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6g% of bovine serum albumin, Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL), antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10mg/mL), antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10mg/mL) incubated with Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL) and antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (30mg/mL) incubated with Bothrops erythromelas venom (10mg/mL). The parameters studied included perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow (UF), percent sodium, potassium and chloride tubular transport (%TNa+, %TK+ and %TCl-), and osmotic clearance (Cosm). The control group perfused with albumin was functionally stable for over 120 min. The administration of antibothropic factor from Didephis marsupialis (10Âg/mL) did not modify the functional kidney parameters when compared with control group. The infusion of B. erythromelas venom (10Âg/mL) caused a significant decrease (p< 0,05*) in perfusion pressure and renal vascular resistance at 60, 90 and 120 min. with maximum effect at 90 min. (PP→ ct90 = 108.70 Â 5.1 mmHg vs vBE90 = 65.20 Â 5.6* mmHg) and (RVR→ ct90 = 5.76 Â 0.65 mmHg/mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE90 = 3.10 Â 0.45* mmHg/mL.g-1.min-1). The glomerular filtration rate decreased at 60 min. and increased at 90 and 120 min (ct120 = 0.72 Â 0.10 mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE120 = 1.24 Â 0.26* mL.g-1.min-1). After administration of the venom, the urinary flow increased at 90 and 120 min when compared with control group (ct120 = 0.14 Â 0.07 mL.g-1.min-1. vs vBE120 = 0.47 Â 0.08* mL.g-1.min-1). Sodium transport percent decreased at 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 79.18 Â 0.88% vs vBE90 = 58.35 Â 4.86* %). Potassium transport percent decreased at 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 67.20 Â 4.04% vs vBE90 = 57.32 Â 5.28* %). Chloride transport percent decreased at 60, 90 and 120 min. (ct90 = 77.32 Â 2.22% vs vBE90 = 55.97 Â 5.52* %). The osmotic clearance increased at 90 and 120 min. (ct120 = 0.13 Â 0.01 mL. g-1.min-1 vs vBE120 = 0.42 Â 0.07* mL.g-1.min-1). The antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (10Âg/mL) incubated with B. erythromelas venom (10Âg/mL) blocked only the effects promoted by venom in the perfusion pressure and in the renal vascular resistance, whereas the highest concentration of the antibothropic factor from Didelphis marsupialis (30Âg/mL) reversed the effects on renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate, percent sodium potassium and chloride tubular transport (%TNa+, %TK+ and %TCl-), and osmotic clearance (Cosm). In conclusion, B. erythromelas venom altered all the renal functional parameters evaluated and the antibothropic factor from D.marsupialis was able to inhibit the effects induced by the venom in rat isolated kidney
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Solari, Torres Sergio Alcides. "Sistemática de thylamys (mammalia: didelphimorphia: marmosidae). Un estudio de las poblaciones asignadas a thylamys elegans en Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1582.
Full textAbstract:
Thylamys Gray 1843 (Didelphimorphia: Marmosidae) es un género que incluye pequeñas marmosas con características morfológicas distintivas, distribuidas mayormente en hábitats abiertos, secos, y semiáridos del sur de Sud América. Al igual que otros géneros de pequeños mamíferos, su diversidad y distribución estan pobremente documentadas. El nombre Thylamys fue empleado inicialmente como un subgénero de Marmosa, teniendo una composición variable, pero luego fue restringido a un grupo natural. La situación de la mayoría de los taxa asociados al género permanece oscurecida debido a que no existen series adecuadas para ellas.
Sólo una especie se reconoce como presente en el Perú: Thylamys elegans (sensu Gardner, 1993). Sin embargo, hasta cinco nombres específicos se han usado para referirse a estas poblaciones, y la variación es evidente en el material disponible. Mediante el estudio detallado de la variación morfológica y morfométrica de estas poblaciones, así como de aquellas correspondientes a T. elegans de Chile, y a otros taxa de Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil, se analiza la diversidad y distribución del género en el Perú y en parte de Sudamérica.
La comparación del material de Thylamys de Perú con ejemplares representativos de otros taxa, permite reconocer siete especies: T. elegans, T. pallidior, T. venustus, T. tatei, T. macrurus, T. pusillus y T. velutinus. Sólo dos de ellas: T. pallidior y T. tatei, se encuentran en Perú. Ambas muestran características diferenciales de T. elegans. La distribución de T. elegans se restringe al centro de Chile, mientras T. tatei se halla sólo en la costa norte de Perú. Al contrario, T. pallidior se extiende latitudinalmente desde el norte de Perú hasta la Patagonia en el sur de Argentina.
Basado en las características morfológicas evaluadas, las especies se agrupan en unidades geográficas que podrían corresponder a grupos naturales. Se propone una hipótesis biogeográfica para explicar la colonización de la vertiente occidental por este género, propio de ambientes áridos, bajos, y templados al este de los Andes. El origen de estas poblaciones sería a través de dispersiones “pasivas” por elevación de los Andes, y luego por colonización de hábitats áridos durante las fluctuaciones climáticas del Plioceno-Pleistoceno. Mayores estudios para determinar sus afinidades son necesarias para entender estos procesos, sólo entonces será posible llevar a cabo planes exitosos para su conservación.The genus Thylamys Gray 1843 (Didelphimorphia: Marmosidae) includes small mouse opossums with distinctive morphological traits, mainly distributed on dry and open habitats of southern South America. Similar to other Neotropical small mammals, its species diversity and distribution are poorly known. The name Thylamys was early used as a subgenus of Marmosa, with an unstable definition, but then it was restricted to a natural group. However, the status for most of the taxa remains obscured because there are no enough series to study them. Only one species is recognized as present in Peru: Thylamys elegans (sensu Gardner, 1993). However, as much as five specific names have been used to refer to these populations, and the variation is evident in the available material. Through a detailed survey of the morphological and morphometric variation withing and among these populations, as well as those from T. elegans of Chile, and other taxa from Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, I analyze the diversity and distribution of the genus in Peru and part of South America. Comparison of Peruvian material of Thylamys with representative specimens of other taxa, allowed to recognize seven species: T. elegans, T. pallidior, T. venustus, T. tatei, T. macrurus, T. pusillus, and T. velutinus. Only two species, T. pallidior and T. tatei, are found in Peru. Both show distinctive characteristics in regard to the type species, T. elegans. The distribution of T. elegans is restricted to central Chile, and T. tatei is only found in the north coastal of Peru. On the other hand, T. pallidior ranges over a considerable latitudinal extension, from north Peru to the Patagonia of southern Argentina. According to the evaluation of morphological characters, the species are grouped in geographic units, which could equal to natural groups. I propose a biogeographic hypothesis to explain the colonization of the western slope by the genus, typically found at low, dry, and temperate areas to the east of the Andes. The origen of these populations would be through “passive” dispersal during uplift of the Andes, and then by colonization of dry habitats during the climatic fluctuations of the Plio-Pleistocene. Further studies are necessary to assess their relationships and to understand the underlying processes. Only then, it will be posible to carry out succesful plans for its conservation.
Tesis
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CAMACHO, SIERRA VIRIDIANA 539800, and SIERRA VIRIDIANA CAMACHO. "Identificación de unidades discretas de tipificación (dtu´s ) de trypanosoma cruzi en marsupiales (didelphis marsupialis, didelphis virginianus, philander oposum ) presentes en la reserva ecológica “el zapotal” en el Estado de Chiapas." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58731.
Full textAbstract:
La enfermedad de Chagas, o tripanosomiasis americana, es una zoonosis producida por el parásito protozoario flagelado denominado Trypanosoma cruzi, su principal vector es un insecto hematófago de la subfamilia Triatominae, principalmente los géneros Rhodnius (R. prolixus), Triatoma (T. infestans), y Panstrongylus (P. megistus). De las 40 especies de triatominos reconocidos como vectores de la enfermedad, 28 especies se encuentran exclusivamente en México, y 8 son compartidos con los EE.UU. (Ibarra Cárdenas et al., 2009), además de contar con un gran número de reservorios domésticos y silvestres sinantrópicos, dentro de los cuales se encuentra las especies del género Didelphis, desempeñando un papel importante en la transmisión de la enfermedad en hábitats peridomésticos, debido a que pueden actuar simultáneamente como reservorios y vector de Trypanosoma y ser considerados junto con los armadillos y osos hormigueros, como los reservorios más antiguos del parasito. La determinación de la prevalencia de Trypanosoma cruzi en marsupiales de una región determinada, permite tener una aproximación del riesgo que corren otras especies de mamíferos de ser infectadas por este parásito en dicha región. Por otro lado, dado que el genotipo de los parásitos ha sido asociado a la presentación de variaciones en la virulencia y patogenicidad del parásito, la identificación de los linajes de T. cruzi en los marsupiales de la región en estudio, contribuye a conocer los riesgos de salud que corren las especies susceptibles de ser infectadas con las cepas parasitarias circulantes. Se determinó la prevalencia puntual de T. cruzi en las especies de marsupiales presentes en la reserva ecológica El Zapotal e identificar los linajes del parásito circulantes en estos animales. Se hizo un estudio estratificado dentro de la reserva ecológica “El Zapotal”, ubicada en la ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Se muestrearon 60 marsupiales en un período comprendido de junio a septiembre del 2014. Para determinar la prevalencia se utilizó el gen miniexón para ampolificar una secuencia de 197 pb (ref). La identificacion de los linajes se realizó amplificndo un fragmento de 832pb del gen TcSC5D y se secuenció. El análisis de las secuencias se realizó con el Software Mega 6.06 mediante cálculos de distancia por el método Maximum Likelihood, con el algoritmo de Tamura de tres parámetros y máxima verosimilitud, con un bootstraping de 500 repeticiones. Para calcular la correlación entre dos matrices de proximidad, se generó una matriz de identidad/similitud utilizando el software MatGAT (Matrix Global Alignment Tool) v2.01 y se realizó un análisis de Mantel. La prevalencia puntual de infección por T. cruzi para el conjunto de los marsupiales presentes en El Zapotal, Tuxtla Gutiérrez en Chiapas, fue de 40%. La prevalencia fue mayor para Philander oposum (57.10%), seguido de Didelphis marsupialis (39.5%) y Didelphis virginiana (30%). Se determinó la presencia del Linaje TCl del Trypanosoma cruzi en l6 de los 60 marsupiales muestreados.
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Tackett, Kristina. "The Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in Tick Species Collected from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) Trapped in the Warren and Barren Counties of South Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/118.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of tick-borne zoonoses such as Ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Lyme disease has steadily increased in the southeastern United States in recent years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the southeastern states accounted for 1,200 of the 27,000 total cases of Lyme disease reported in the U.S. in 2007. Although Ixodes scapularis is the most commonly recognized vector for the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, Dermacentor variabilis (a common vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) also has been shown to be a viable host for this pathogen. The purpose of the present study was to use PCR and DNA sequencing technologies to determine if Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is present in ticks and whole blood samples removed from raccoons and opossums trapped in south-central Kentucky. Raccoons and opossums were trapped in Barren and Warren counties of Kentucky between June 2007 and June 2008. Ticks were removed and stored in 70% ethanol. Sterile blood samples were collected into three 10 ml tubes containing the anticoagulant K2EDTA and stored at 4°C. Genomic DNA was extracted from ticks and blood samples using a QIAamp DNA mini kit and a QIAamp DNA blood mini kit (Qiagen) respectively. DNA samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of B. burgdorferi using oligonucleotide primers specific for the OspA gene. A total of 976 ticks were collected. Three different species were obtained from raccoons; Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum, and Ixodes sp. Dermacentor variabilis was the only tick species found on opossums. Twenty-five percent (163/642) of the tick DNA samples were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi. Prevalence of B. burgdorferi by tick species was 24.4% (141/577) in D. variabilis, 40.6% (13/32) in A. americanum, and 27.6% (8/29) in I. scapularis. In the present study, 15.7% (8/51) of the total raccoon blood samples examined by PCR were positive for B. burgdorferi, while no opossum blood samples were positive. The high prevalence of B. burgdorferi in ticks common to raccoons and opossums observed in this study, as well as in a tick species that aggressively bites humans in the southeast U. S. (A. americanum), creates concern that there are ample opportunities for people to come in contact with the infected ticks on these animals. Future studies are urgently needed to fully assess the presence and prevalence of B. burgdorferi in Kentucky and other southeastern states in the U. S.
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Cope, Lee Anne. "Comparative anatomy of the lower respiratory tract of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana)." 2001. http://etd.utk.edu/2001/CopeLeeAnne.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2001.Title from title page screen. Document formatted into manuscript-like pagination: xii, 149 leaves : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148).