Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opportuniste'
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Baklouti, Fadhlallah. "Service composition in opportunistic networks." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS523/document.
Full textThis thesis is related to the domain of Ubiquitous computing and Internet ofThings (IoT), and focuses on networks that can be formed spontaneously bymobile or fixed devices. These devices can be connected using aninfrastructure, or in a peer-to-peer mode using ad hoc communications.Connection disruptions may occur in the network frequently andunpredictably. These connection disruptions can be problematic when a givendevice tries to access remote resources provided by other devices, or when ittries to offer its own resources to these ones.Opportunistic computing extends the paradigm of opportunistic networkingby abstracting local resources as services accessible remotely using theprotocols of opportunistic networking that implement the "store, carry andforward" principle.In this thesis, we focus on service composition in order to combineelementary services and offer new, rich and high level composite services tousers. Service composition can be a very difficult task to perform inopportunistic networks due to connection disruptions. In this thesis, we propose a solution to compose services using twostrategies: orchestration and choreography. This solution also relies on autility function that selects service providers. We also propose an optimizedversion of our solution that exploits a distributed cache of data and aproactive service composition mechanism based on the user interest profile
Benchi, Abdulkader. "Middleware Systems for Opportunistic Computing in Challenged Wireless Networks." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS372/document.
Full textOpportunistic networks (OppNets) constitute an appealing solution to complement fixed network infrastructures –or make up for the lack thereof– in challenged areas. Researches in the last few years have mostly addressed the problem of supporting networking in OppNets, yet this can only be a first step towards getting real benefit from these networks. Opportunistic computing goes beyond the concept of opportunistic networking, and provides a new paradigm to enable collaborative computing tasks in such environments. In the realm of opportunistic computing, properly designing, implementing and deploying distributed applications are important tasks. An OppNet-dedicated application must be able to operate and maintain an acceptable level of service while addressing the many problems that can occur in these networks, such as disconnections, partitioning, long transmission delays, transmission failures, resource constraints, frequent changes in topology, and heterogeneous devices. Much of the complexity and cost of building OppNet-dedicated applications can be alleviated by the use of high-level programming models. Such models can be supported by middleware systems capable of transparently addressing all the above-mentioned problems. The work reported in this dissertation focused on providing insight into the fundamental problems posed by OppNets, so as to analyze and solve the problems faced by application developers while dealing with these environments. The research focused on identifying well-known high-level programming models that can be satisfactorily implemented for OppNets, and that can prove useful for application developers. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of application development for OppNets, while assessing the benefits brought about by carefully designed middleware systems, a couple of such systems have been designed, implemented, and evaluated as part of this work. These middleware systems respectively support distributed messaging (through message queues and topics), the tuple-space model, and consensus solving in OppNets. They are supplemented with fully-functional implementations, that can be used in real settings, and that are all distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). Real-life experiments and simulations have been realized so as to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of these systems in real conditions
Pillé, Ariane. "Amyloïdes fonctionnelles du pathogène opportuniste Aspergillus fumigatus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066696/document.
Full textHydrophobins are fungal proteins characterised by their amphipatic properties and a pattern of four disulfide bridges. Their soluble form self-assembles at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces to form an amphipatic layer. These proteins are used by fungi to breach the air/water barrier, to form aerial hyphae, or to cover spores rendering them hydrophobic, thus facilitating spore dispersal. The RodA hydrophobin of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus forms an amyloid monolayer with a rodlet morphology that covers the surface of spores rendering them inert relative to the immune system. We aim at describing the self-association of RodA into rodlets, characterising the structure of the amyloid rodlets and shedding light on the possible relationships between structure and immunological inertness. Recombinant RodA expressed in Escherichia coli can be successfully refolded in vitro and it can auto-associate into amyloid rodlets. As a first step, we have studied the structure and dynamics of RodA by solution NMR and shown that the protein displays new as well as conserved structural features relative to other hydrophobins. A mutational analysis has highlighted important residues for rodlet formation that may be involved on the one hand in the spine of the amyloid fibres and on the other hand on the lateral association of the rodlets to form a monolayer. We have also established the relationship between structure and immunological inertness. We have initiated the study of other hydrophobins from A. fumigatus, that are most likely involved in biofilm formation or in conidiation and spore survival
Esnault, Armel. "Systèmes pair-à-pair pour l’informatique opportuniste." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS432/document.
Full textThe number of devices that are likely to get connected to the Internet (e.g., smartphones, sensors), and the amount of data produced by people using these devices grow continuously, especially in cellular networks. Latest developments performed on the physical layer to increase the networks' bandwidth might be insufficient in the future, because of the emergence of the Internet of things. Therefore, it seems to be interesting to study new or complementary network architectures. Intermittently-Connected Hybrid Networks (ICHN), which are composed both of an infrastructure part and of parts formed by mobile device communicating using ad hoc mode, are examples of those architectures that deserve to be studied. In this thesis, we study benefits that peer-to-peer mechanisms and opportunistic networking techniques could bring to ICHN. We propose a decentralized unstructured peer-to-peer overlay architecture that supports communications between devices in wide ICHNs. A prototype named Nephila has been developed to evaluate this approach in simulation
Gits-Muselli, Maud. "Etude de la variabilité moléculaire de Pneumocystis jirovecii : du génotype à la variabilité antigénique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7179.
Full textPneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic pathogen of the fungal world. This cosmopolitan fungus, whose studies agree on a very probable airborne transmission between individuals, is encountered very early in life. P. jirovecii can be detected in the airways of all types of individuals, with or without symptoms, after exposure. Severe pneumonia secondary to the infection, called pneumocystosis (PCP), is observed only in immunocompromised patients. All infected individuals, both symptomatic (PCP) and asymptomatic carriers (PCC) would participate in the maintenance of the chain of transmission between individuals, and many outbreaks are described within health care wards. The number of pneumocystosis cases is estimated at 500,000/year worldwide, with mortality up to 40%. Historically diagnosed in HIV-infected patients not receiving HAART, pneumocystosis is now common in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. For these non-HIV immunocompromised patients the disease presents a more acute evolution and a higher mortality. The pathophysiology of this pneumonia is still poorly understood. Indeed, studies on this pathogen are limited by the lack of a culture system. Consequently, only molecular techniques applied directly to samples from infected patients are currently available to study transmission, genetic diversity and evaluate the performance of diagnostic approaches. In order to study transmission, the first theme of this work will focus on the development and validation of a genotyping method based on the analysis of genomic microsatellite markers (MLP). A monocentric study and a larger collaborative multi-center study, allowed the observation of a wide variety of genotypes and a high frequency (2/3) of genotype mixing in patients' samples. These two studies also allowed the identification of specific genotypes, found preferentially in kidney transplant subjects. Then, the comparison of the MLP method with the MLST genotyping technique allowed us to confirm performance. The development of this genotyping method, which has been shown to be effective for the detection of mixed genotypes, is therefore an appropriate tool for the selection of samples hosting a single genomic genotype, in order to subsequently search for a possible link between genotype and MSG surface antigens.Considering diagnosis approaches, qPCR is considered as the most sensitive method for the detection of the fungus. However, due to its high sensitivity, this approach also allows the detection of the fungus in samples from asymptomatic patients, then defined as asymptomatic carriers (PCC). Previous work carried out in our laboratory has allowed us to observe a better sensitivity of the mitochondrial mtSSU target compared to the mtLSU target, classically used in many laboratories. The second theme of this work was therefore, to study the impact of targets and material, amplified in qPCR, for the detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory samples.Then, a first European collaborative study determined that total nucleic acids (WNA=DNA +RNA) detection is earlier than DNA detection alone, and that the mtSSU target provided the earliest Cycles of Quantification (Cq). Finally, a prospective study, carried out on 120 patients samples, consisted in evaluating the performance of the two mitochondrial targets mtSSU and mtLSU, with DNA and WNA amplification for the detection of the fungus. The detection of the mtSSU WNA was confirmed as the earliest. In parallel with the performance evaluation, an evaluation of the benefit of the 2 mitochondrial genes expression ratio for PCP diagnosis strategy was performed. A ratio >5 presented a Negative Predictive Value of 100% for BAL and 87.5% for induced sputum specimens, to exclude PCP. This new, simple tool, based on the double detection of WNA from mtSSU and mtLSU, could be useful for patient management
Dunat, Jean-Christophe. "Allocation opportuniste de spectre pour les radios cognitives." Phd thesis, Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40978484c.
Full textMARCOMBES, VERONIQUE. "Les infections opportunistes au cours du sida : a propos de 37 cas observes au chru de clermont-ferrand." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13005.
Full textKhawam, Kinda. "Ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002059.
Full textKhawam, Kinda. "L'ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41024537q.
Full textKang, GuoDong. "Géolocalisation en intérieur opportuniste à base d'inégalités matricielles linéaires." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0016.
Full textKhawam, Kinda. "L'ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0030.
Full textThe scarce resources in wireless systems compounded by their highly variable and error prone propagation characteristics stress the need for efficient resource management. Scheduling is a key tool to allocate efficiently the radio frequency spectrum. While fading effects have long been combated in wireless networks, primarily devoted to voice calls, they are now seen as an opportunity to increase the capacity of novel wireless networks that incorporate data traffic. For data applications, there is a service flexibility afforded by the delay tolerance of elastic traffic and by their ability to adapt their rate to the variable channel quality. Channel-aware scheduling exploit these characteristics by making use of channel state information to ensure that transmission occurs when radio conditions are most favourable. When users have heterogeneous characteristics and quality of service requirements, channel-aware scheduling becomes a challenging task. In this thesis, channel-aware transmission schemes for supporting downlink non-real time services are proposed and analyzed for novel cellular systems. The proposed schemes are designed for providing various QoS requirements for users while increasing the system global throughput
Ezzaouia, Mahdi. "Allocation de ressource opportuniste dans les réseaux sans fil multicellulaires." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0098/document.
Full textThe exponential growth of traffic in mobile networks is accompanied by an increase in its heterogeneity, both in space and over time. This thesis deals with scheduling algorithms adapted to highly concentrated and time-varying traffic zones. We propose a spectrum borrowing mechanism from an under-loaded cell to an overloaded one combined with a reactive intra-cellular scheduling algorithm. We are also interested in the Cloud Radio Access Network architecture that separates the Radio Head(RRH) from the Baseband Unit (BBU). The BBU is connected to the RRU according to two modes. The first one is called a one-to-one association and consists in allocating the resource units of the BBU radio frame to a single RRH. In the second mode which is called multiple association, a BBU can handle multiple RRHs. We propose a hybrid association mode in which the resource units of each frame are divided into two slices. The first one constitutes an unshared slice and is allocated to central users according to the one-to-one association in order to increase the throughput, especially at high traffic load. The second slice contains a quantity of resource units that are shared by a group of RRHs belonging to the same BBU. This common slice is configured according to the multiple association mode and is allocated to the edge and mobile users. We show that the hybrid mode reduces the inter-cell interferences, decreases the number of inter-BBU handovers and improves the energy consumption
Le, Bourdon Xavier. "Partage opportuniste et agrégation contextuelle de données capturées en mobilité." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S038.
Full textAn important aspect of ambient computing is to link information systems with the real world. To this end, sensors and networks of sensors play an important role in providing data and events from the real world. Surprisingly, much less attention has been paid to what is becoming the most important sensor network ever deployed: the multimedia phone. While these are well-known as personal messaging devices, their role as sensors has been largely ignored. These devices can capture sound, pictures and video, and can communicate with global as well as local networks. Users can now produce, exchange and consult, data anytime, anywhere. This thesis presents a new application of these technologies: collaborative capture, where the shared data is no longer resources hosted in the network, but structured information composed of elements contributed dynamically by a collection of nodes. Consider, for example, someone arriving late in a meeting. Many phones, treated as audio capture devices, could have recorded the beginning of the meeting to allow the newcomer to catch up with the missing part. Our proposal is articulated according to four axes. First, we present a protocol to share resources over Bluetooth communications. Second, we propose some policies to cluster produced data. Then, we propose a protocol to synchronize distributed captured medias. Finally, we present a collaborative capture of data from the Internet
Diogo, Dorothée. "Diversité génétique et diversification chez la levure pathogène opportuniste Candida albicans." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077117.
Full textCandida albicans is a common component of the human digestive tract and is considered the major opportunistic fungal pathogen. Candida albicans is an asexual yeast with a largely clonal propagation and a population structured in clades. The research project introduced in this manuscript aimed to shed light on the genetic diversity underlying the C. Albicans population, between and within clades. We have shown that, during commensalism, large Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) events are fréquent. Moreover, we have evidenced an excess of heterozygosity in the C. Albicans population, suggesting that large LOH events ïnust be counter-selected to maintain a high level of heterozygosity. Additionally, we hâve shown that genetic exchanges are rare between and within clades, demonstrating that clades do not depict cryptic species. Finally, we have performed a comprehensive investigation of the genomic variability in the C. Albicans species. The results have shown a significant number of SNPs and insertions/deletions differentiating C. Albicans strains. Indels events, mainly attributed to transposable éléments and tandem repeats, contributed to a gene content variability among strains. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the distribution of the SVs in the population of C. Albicans is superimposable with the assignment of strains to clades. Taken together, our results contribute to a comprehensive overview of the different events underlying the genetic diversity in the C. Albicans population
Jacquet, Christophe. "Présentation opportuniste et multimodale d'informations dans le cadre de l'intelligence ambiante." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112267.
Full textThis research work takes place in the domain of human-computer interaction, and particularly multimodal interaction and ambient intelligence. It aims at specifying a theoretical model and a platform for the design and implementation of mobile users assistance systems. We introduce the KUP model, in which the system's functional core, the users and the presentation devices (screens, loudspeakers, etc. ) are represented by logical entities. This model is original because it imposes no spatial nor temporal coupling between information providing by the functional core to the user entity on the one hand, and information presentation by a suitable device on the other hand. Both phases are opportunistic: they happen fortuitously, as (physical) users move around. When a user is located at proximity of a number of presentation devices, the system must determine which device and which modality shall be used to convey information. First, an incremental algorithm is responsible for choosing a device while abiding by three ergonomic constraints: completeness, stability and display space optimization. Second, a tree-based algorithm selects and instantiates a modality while satisfying users' preferences. The KUP model and the algorithms have been implemented in the PRIAM platform (PResentation of Information in AMbient Intelligence), which has enabled us to carry out evaluations in mock-up environments. The evaluations have shown that dynamic display systems enable users to look up their information far more quickly than static displays
Tempier, Charlotte. "L'Autorégulation dans un dispositif en ligne d’apprentissage : Signes d’un apprenant opportuniste." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100004.
Full textMichon, Anne-Laure. "Les témoins de l'adaptation des bactéries pathogènes opportunistes associées à la mucoviscidose : des opérons ribosomiques aux implications thérapeutiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13501/document.
Full textBacterial microbiotae and human beings developed mutualist interactions. All disrupting factors impacting this equilibrium can modify relationships among microbiota members with diverse consequences. In such an unstable context, opportunistic bacterial pathogens (OBPs) of endogenous or environmental origin showing great adaptability may find favorable conditions leading to ecological niche extension or to new niche colonization. This is illustrated by the diversity of atypical bacteria as well as by genetic and genomic evolution of members of the cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory tract (CFRT) microbiota. The deficit in local innate immunity allowed colonization by endogenous and exogenous bacteria that will further develop adaptation processes to this particular ecological niche. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic, genetic and genomic potential adaptation markers in different models of OBPs, particularly in CF. For this purpose, we described the variability in the multiple rrs gene copies using PCR and temperature-based denaturing electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) on large collections of Veillonella (n=149) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n=164), as well as on isolates of six other species involved in the CFRT colonization (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae). Genome dynamics of 90 isolates from 12 patients chronically colonized by A. xylosoxidans was studied by PCR-TTGE, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR on repetitive sequences. Finally, the effect of environmental stress was evaluated on part of the growing CF microbiota and a thorough study of NaCl effect on 85 CF P. aeruginosa isolates was performed.These different approaches highlight: i) the intragenomic heterogeneity of the rrs gene copies in Veillonella (74% of isolates), H. influenzae (61%), S. maltophilia (38%), A. xylosoxidans (28%), and S. aureus (17%), ii) a clonal chronic colonization with A. xylosoxidans in 12 CF patients associated with rrs genetic and/or genomic intra-clonal evolution, iii) the effect of environmental stress such as salinity, pH and temperature on the CFRT microbiota, iv) the antimicrobial effect of NaCl on CF P. aeruginosa isolates, a 6% NaCl concentration inhibiting the growth of all the isolates and a bactericidal action being observed for 90% of the isolates with 10% NaCl, v) multiple effects of NaCl on growth, biofilm and mobility of P. aeruginosa. This study shows that rrs genes and genome dynamics witness for bacterial adaptability within microbiota according to environmental constraints and underlines the diversity and importance of adaptation processes in the long-term pathological adapted microbial communities of the CFRT. Modification of environmental factors such as salinity or pH of the CFRT niche may impact the microbiota and should be considered as targets for CF therapeutics
Sammarco, Matteo. "Dissémination multi-contenus opportuniste : monitorage passif et adaptation aux conditions du réseau." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066573/document.
Full textThe market penetration of mobile devices has experienced an impressive growth. Smartphones, tablets, and laptops have become both producers and consumers of user-generated contents. They also motivate novel communication paradigms such as the possibility to establish, in an opportunistic fashion, direct device-to-device links whenever two mobile nodes enter within the wireless range of each other. In this thesis, we consider the case of opportunistic dissemination of multiple large contents from an experimental point of view. This implies revisiting, among others, the common assumption that contacts have enough capacity to transfer any amount of data.In the first part of this thesis, we start from an Android implementation of EPICS, a network protocol designed for exchanging large contents in opportunistic networks, on off-the-shelf devices. After an deep analysis of application-level logs and captured wireless traces we found out limitations and uncovered improving possibilities. We then propose DAD, a new content dissemination protocol that adaptively sends bursts of data instead of the per-fragment transmission strategy of EPICS.The second part of this thesis deals with the scalability of legacy WLAN monitoring systems. We propose two original approaches. With the first one, based on trace similarity and community detection algorithms, we are able to identify how many monitor we need in a target area and where to place them. The second approach in based on collaborative measurements. In this case we face the risk of biased measures due attacks of malicious users generating adulterated traces. We then propose a method to detect such malicious behaviors
Golovkine, Guillaume. "Franchissement des barrières épithéliales et endothéliales par le pathogène opportuniste Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV009/document.
Full textP. aeruginosa is one of the main pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Acute infections by this bacterium are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially when bacteria disseminate in the bloodstream. In most situations, blood infection is the consequence of the crossing of two essential tissue barriers by P. aeruginosa: the epithelium for the mucosa and the endothelium for the blood vessel. Although these events are critical steps for systemic spread of bacteria, the mechanisms involved in the penetration of the pathogen in the organism are poorly understood. For the endothelium, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa induces the cleavage of VE-cadherin, a protein of endothelial junctions, by the action of LasB, a protease secreted by the bacteria. VE-cadherin cleavage induces a loss of integrity of the endothelium, allowing bacterial access to the cellular basolateral domain. Once in this location, the Type 3 secretion system may inject toxins into the cell, triggering a major intoxication process. Crossing of the epithelial barrier involves a very different mechanism. Using real-time confocal microscopy, we show that P. aeruginosa uses a paracellular route to transmigrate, exploiting junctional weaknesses at sites of cell division and cell death. This transmigration process requires the coordinate actions of Type IV pili, the flagellum and toxins of the Type 3 secretion system
Chaillot, Julien. "Étude de l'homéostasie de la taille chez la levure opportuniste Candida albicans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35434.
Full textCell size homeostasis is an important process of cell proliferation but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Eukaryotic cells must reach a threshold size before entering the cell cycle, which helps to maintain a constant size over the long term. This process is regulated at the end of the G1 phase, a check point called START. Cell size control has been studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but has never been studied in pathogenic fungi. In this thesis, we used Candida albicansas a model organism to study the regulation of size in pathogenic yeasts. We have screened heterozygous and homozygous deletion collections of C. albicans to identify genes that control cell size. We analyzed the size distribution of 279 homozygous mutants and 4,348 heterozygous mutants (covering 90% of the genome). We compared our results with different screens performed on the model yeast S.cerevisiae. These comparisons showed that few regulators were conserved between S. cerevisiaeand C. albicans and suggesting that the cell size regulation is evolutionary plastic. For example, dot6 mutant has a small phenotype in C. albicansbut has no size phenotype in S. cerevisiae. We have shown that Dot6 is a transcriptional factor necessary for the activation of ribosome biogenes is genes. Dot6 is also a regulator of START and plays a critical role in adapting size according to the carbon sources available in the medium. We also uncovered a novel stress-independent role of the Hog1/p38 MAPK in size regulation in C. albicansa role that has never been demonstrated in S. cerevisiae. We have shown that Hog1, as well as the entire HOG pathway, are negative regulators of START. We have shown that Hog1 regulates both growth via Sfp1, a major transcriptional regulator of ribosomal biogenesis and ribosomal proteins, and the cell cycle via the SBF complex (Swi4/Swi6), transcriptional factors necessary for the G1/S transition. We also found that Ahr1, a transcription factor with no obvious ortholog in S. cerevisiae, has a role for the adaptation of the size according to the amino acids available in the medium. We have shown that Ahr1 is a negative START regulator and is controlled by the Tor1-Sch9 pathway. In conclusion, our work has permitted to discover new regulators of START, to characterise their function and to map them in different pathways. As the Hog1/p38 pathway is linked to many human pathologies, we think that C.albicansis a useful model to study of this pathway and dissect its role in size control in eukaryotes.
Zattara-Hartmann, Marie-Caroline. "Leishmaniose viscerale et infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine : une nouvelle maladie opportuniste." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20916.
Full textBoukouyen, Fatiha. "Analyse compréhensive du comportement opportuniste des acteurs sur les plateformes de co-création." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC025.
Full textThe literature on co-creation platforms has been mainly focused on studying the crowds (i.e., participants) and that by investigating their motivations, their characteristics, and the strategies they use (i.e., cooperation, competition, coopetition). Therefore, researchers did not study opportunism even if its importance has been emphasized in prior research. To fill this gap, our research aims to explore and understand opportunistic behavior of actors or co-creators (i.e., brands, platforms, and participants) in the virtual context, especially that of co-creation platforms, using the method of Netnography in two famous co-creation platforms and a forum which is dedicated to different creators. Our research background, the main results as well as theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are presented in the related chapters
Brochu, Maxime. "Vertueux vs opportuniste, analyse de l'effet réputation sur la performance des entreprises américaines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10607.
Full textOularbi, Mohamed Rabie. "Identification de Systèmes OFDM et Estimation de la QoS : Application à la Radio Opportuniste." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661753.
Full textBehnam, Asl Elodie. "La lisibilité des rapports annuels des sociétés cotées en France : comportement opportuniste ou formalisme ?" Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0018.
Full textThis research aims to study the manager’s behavior of listed companies in France when manager discloses information to investors. Based on the theory of impression management, we consider manager is "opportunistic". In this way, manager obfuscates the “bad news” especially bad financial performance that can have an impact on the share price trough narrative readability. The purpose of this research is formulated by the following question: What are determinants of disclosed information readability by listed companies in France? We investigate 192 french listed companies in the CAC All between 2007 and 2012. This yields a sample of 1,152 firm-years with MD&A sections and 1,012 firm-years with Chairmen’s statements. We measure the readability using the Flesch formulas (adapted to the French language) from the computational linguistic literature and the length of the annual report parts. This research highlights manager is likely to have opportunistic behavior when he discloses information to investors. Results from quantitative analysis suggest both financial performance affects the readability of annual report and obligation to disclose readable information does not affect the readability of the annual report of listed companies in France
Clouard, Robert. "Raisonnement incremental et opportuniste applique a la construction dynamique de plans de traitement d'images." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN2009.
Full textYounes, Walid. "Un système multi-agent pour la composition logicielle opportuniste en environnement ambiant et dynamique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30025.
Full textCyber-physical and ambient systems consist of fixed or mobile devices connected through communication networks. These devices host software components that provide services and may require other services to operate. These software components are usually developed, installed, and activated independently of each other and, with the mobility of users and devices, they may appear or disappear unpredictably. This gives cyber-physical and ambient systems an open and changing character. Software components are bricks that can be assembled to form applications. But, in such a dynamic and open context, component assemblies are difficult to design, maintain and adapt. Applications are used by humans who are at the heart of these systems. Ambient intelligence aims to offer them a personalized environment adapted to the situation, i.e. to provide the right application at the right time, anticipating their needs, which may also vary and evolve over time. To answer these problems, our team is exploring an original approach called "opportunistic software composition", which consists in automatically building applications on the fly from components currently available in the environment, without relying on explicit user needs or predefined assembly plans. In this way, applications emerge from the environment, taking advantage of opportunities as they arise. This thesis defines a software architecture for opportunistic software composition and proposes an intelligent system, called "opportunistic composition engine", in order to automatically build relevant applications, both adapted to the user and to the surrounding environment. The opportunistic composition engine periodically detects the components and their services that are present in the ambient environment, builds assemblies of components, and proposes them to the user. It automatically learns the user's preferences according to the situation in order to maximize user satisfaction over time. Learning is done online by reinforcement. It is decentralized within a multi-agent system in which agents interact via a protocol that supports dynamic service discovery and selection. To learn from and for the user, the latter is put in the loop. In this way, he keeps control over his ambient environment, and decides on the relevance of the emerging application before it is deployed. The solution has been implemented and tested. It works in conjunction with an interface that describes the emerging applications to the user and allows him to edit them. The user's actions on this interface are sources of feedback for the engine and serve as an input to the reinforcement learning mechanism
Fournier, Martine. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la résistance croisée fluorocytosine-fluconazole chez la levure opportuniste pathogène Candida lusitaniae." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P633.
Full textThe aim of this work was to understand the molecular mechanisms of flucytosine (5FC) resistance and 5FC/fluconazole (FLC) by Candida lusitaniae. In the first part, we disrupted the main genes of 5FC metabolism : FCY2, FCY1 and FUR1 by homologous recombination with a linear cassettes containing the C. Lusitaniae URA3 gene flanked by direct repeats (REP), plus regions homologous to the target genes. We selected the mutant fcy2 (genotype : fcy2D ::REP-URA3-REP), the mutant fcy1 (genotype : fcy1D ::REP-URA3-REP) and the mutant fur1 (fur1D ::REP-URA3-REP). Mutants fcy2 and fcy1 were 5FC-resistant and cross-resistant to 5-FC and FLC when both antifungals were used in combination. The mutant fur1 was cross-resistant to 5-FC and 5FU (5-fluorouracil). In the second part, we studied 11 clinical isolates of C lusitaniae. Nucleotide sequencing of the FCY2 alleles revealed that the 5FC and 5FC/FLC resistance could be correlated with a cytosine to thymine substitution at nucleotide 505 in the FCY2 gene of seven isolates, resulting in a non-sense mutation. Reintroducing a FCY2 wild-type allele at the fcy2 locus restored susceptibility levels to antifungals comparable to those of the wild-type strains. In the remaining four isolates, a polymorphic nucleotide was found in FCY1 where the nucleotide substitution T26C resulted in the amino acid replacement met9thr in cytosine deaminase. Antifungal susceptibility was restored by introducing a wild-type FCY1 allele but failed by introducing mutated allele. We thus, found a correlation between the fcy1 T26C mutation and both 5FC and 5FC/FCZ resistance. We demonstrated that only two genetic events occurred in 11 unrelated clinical isolates of C lusitaniae for supporting 5FC and 5FC/FCZ resistance
Collot, Ludovic. "Étude de nouvelles architectures de filtres RF intégrés dans le contexte de la radio opportuniste." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/790e39b6-b073-4378-9625-215ed53b5b21/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4020.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the conception of microwaves filtering functions at the same time band-pass, MMIC technology compliant, tunable and differential. The main objective is to realize filtering structures compatible with opportunist radio. The second objective is to demonstrate that ferromagnetics inductors improves the performance of such devices. Commersialised RF receivers are deadlocked due to their topologies and used components (SAW filter, LNA for example). We put forward new integrated circuits : filtering LNA and 1, 2 and 3 poles filters usable in fully frequency tunable receivers. These circuits are Q-enhanced resonator based. They have a continuous frequency and bandwidth tunability over an octave. The observed results at first for filtering LNA mixe wide tunablility, gain and low noise figure on a unique MMIC circuit. This contribution is a first step toward opportunists receivers
Perin, Charles. "Direct Manipulation for Information Visualization." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112299/document.
Full textThere is a tremendous effort from the information visualization (Infovis) community to design novel, more efficient or more specialized desktop visualization techniques. While visual representations and interactions are combined to create these visualizations, less effort is invested in the design of new interaction techniques for Infovis. In this thesis, I focus on interaction for Infovis and explore how to improve existing visualization techniques through efficient yet simple interactions. To become more efficient, the interaction techniques should reach beyond the standard widgets and Window/Icon/Menu/Pointer (WIMP) user interfaces. In this thesis, I argue that the design of novel interactions for visualization should be based on the direct manipulation paradigm, instrumental interaction, and take inspiration from advanced interactions investigated in HCI research but not well exploited yet in Infovis. I take examples from multiple projects I have designed to illustrate how opportunistic interactions can empower visualizations and I explore design implications raised by novel interaction techniques, such as the tradeoff between cognitive congruence and versatility, the problem of engaging interaction, and the benefits of seamless, fluid interaction. Finally, I provide guidelines and perspectives, addressing the grand challenge of building or consolidating the theory of interaction for Infovis
Zoropogui, Anthony. "Analyse du génome de Nocardia cyriacigeorgica GUH-2 : plasticité génétique et métabolisme secondaire d'un pathogène opportuniste." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838589.
Full textWakade, Rohan Sanjay. "Rôle de GTPase de type Rab, Ypt6, chez le pathogène fongique opportuniste de l’homme, Candida albicans." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4064.
Full textCandida albicans is a harmless constituent of the human microbiota that causes superficial infections as well as life threatening infections in immune compromised individuals. The transition from a budding form to the highly polarized hyphal form is associated with virulence and requires cytoskeleton reorganization and sustained membrane trafficking. In a range of eukaryotes, Ras related protein in the brain (Rab) G proteins and their regulators have been shown to play a central role in membrane traffic. The objective of this work is to understand the role of Rab proteins, in particular Ypt6, the homolog of Human Rab6, in the morphological transition and virulence of C. albicans. To this aim, I generated loss of function mutants and found that YPT6 is not essential for viability, yet was critical for cell wall integrity and invasive hyphal growth, with ypt6 hyphal filaments shorter compared to that of the wild type (WT). Furthermore, YPT6 was important for virulence in two murine candidiasis models. I determined that Ypt6 was localized at the late Golgi compartment during hyphal growth, where it co-localized with Arl1, a small GTPase of the Arf (ADP Ribosylation Factor) family, also required for hyphal growth and virulence. Interestingly, overexpression of YPT6 specifically rescued the hyphal growth defect of the arl1 mutant, but not the converse. Further characterization of the ypt6 deletion mutant showed that the number of Golgi cisternae is increased in this mutant compared to that of WT strain, suggesting an alteration of Golgi integrity. In addition, using live cell imaging I showed that the distribution of Actin binding protein 1 (Abp1), which is a reporter for actin patches, was altered in the ypt6 mutant, in that it was no longer restricted to the tip of the filament, as is observed in WT cells. These data suggest that the defect in hyphal growth maintenance of the ypt6 deletion mutant is at least partly associated with an alteration of the distribution of endocytic sites. Thus, I identified a critical role of Ypt6 during invasive hyphal growth and virulence in the human fungal opportunistic pathogen C. albicans and revealed an interaction between Ypt6 and Arl1 in the hyphal growth process
Klaghstan, Merza. "Multimedia data dissemination in opportunistic systems." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI125/document.
Full textOpportunistic networks are human-centric mobile ad-hoc networks, in which neither the topology nor the participating nodes are known in advance. Routing is dynamically planned following the store-carry-and-forward paradigm, which takes advantage of people mobility. This widens the range of communication and supports indirect end-to-end data delivery. But due to individuals’ mobility, OppNets are characterized by frequent communication disruptions and uncertain data delivery. Hence, these networks are mostly used for exchanging small messages like disaster alarms or traffic notifications. Other scenarios that require the exchange of larger data are still challenging due to the characteristics of this kind of networks. However, there are still multimedia sharing scenarios where a user might need switching to an ad-hoc alternative. Examples are the cases of 1) absence of infrastructural networks in far rural areas, 2) high costs due limited data volumes or 3) undesirable censorship by third parties while exchanging sensitive content. Consequently, we target in this thesis a video dissemination scheme in OppNets. For the video delivery problem in the sparse opportunistic networks, we propose a solution that encloses three contributions. The first one is given by granulating the videos at the source node into smaller parts, and associating them with unequal redundancy degrees. This is technically based on using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC), which encodes a video into several layers of unequal importance for viewing the content at different quality levels. Layers are routed using the Spray-and-Wait routing protocol, with different redundancy factors for the different layers depending on their importance degree. In this context as well, a video viewing QoE metric is proposed, which takes the values of the perceived video quality, delivery delay and network overhead into consideration, and on a scalable basis. Second, we take advantage of the small units of the Network Abstraction Layer (NAL), which compose SVC layers. NAL units are packetized together under specific size constraints to optimize granularity. Packets sizes are tuned in an adaptive way, with regard to the dynamic network conditions. Each node is enabled to record a history of environmental information regarding the contacts and forwarding opportunities, and use this history to predict future opportunities and optimize the sizes accordingly. Lastly, the receiver node is pushed into action by reacting to missing data parts in a composite backward loss concealment mechanism. So, the receiver asks first for the missing data from other nodes in the network in the form of request-response. Then, since the transmission is concerned with video content, video frame loss error concealment techniques are also exploited at the receiver side. Consequently, we propose to combine the two techniques in the loss concealment mechanism, which is enabled then to react to missing data parts
Mai, Tan Khoa. "Vers un système de vision artificielle opportuniste pour l'analyse de scènes complexes à partir de caméras embarquées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE045/document.
Full textThe thesis intends to develop the bricks of an opportunistic vision system for dynamic scene analysis, an opportunistic system that would be guided by the applicative task, that would benefit from any knowledge and prioris made available by the application, and take profit of all available cues (color, texture, geometry) depending on their quality and relevance. The context of color monocular vision is considered, with a camera embedded on a mobile platform. A dense optical flow technique is first proposed. After a rough estimation, a reliability map is computed and is used for refining the motion map, through an iterative propagation process constrained by local information, starting by the color cues.This motion map is then analyzed for rough and fast plane segmentation. A cumulative approach called UV velocity has been developed. It allows the fast exhibition of prominent planar surfaces under certain assumption related the ego-motion. Contrary to its predecessor, the so-called C-velocity, it allows a more progressive voting strategy, it avoids using sampling, it is not limited to translations of the camera and can detect a wider range of surfaces..The motion models related to each surface can then be re-injected as a constraint in the estimation of the next optical flow. The raw and fast planar segmentation produced by UV velocity can be used to fasten the estimation visual odometry.The results of optical flow estimation remain acceptable in terms of precision and execution time (tested on Middleburry dataset) which can be the input for creating the voting space to detect the planes on image. After the simulations and real experiments on KITTI dataset, UV-velocity shows its potential to be the polyvalent image registration on plane detection and opportunistic alert for the system
Ramiro-Cid, Victor. "Caractérisation et applications de marches aléatoires temporelles dans les réseaux opportunistes." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0023/document.
Full textThe Internet has entirely reshaped the way we communicate and interact with one another. The rapid development of the wireless infrastructure by network providers has being accompanied by an exponential growth in the number of mobile users. However, global Internet access and connectivity still face several challenges: scarce or poor quality connectivity in developing countries or places with limited accessibility, physical obstacles limiting the deployment of wireless networks and natural or man-made disasters. Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) were introduced to deal with environments where interruptions or disruptions of service were expected. Such networks usually lack of end-to-end paths or any infrastructure to help communications. In these networks, mobile nodes may interact using their contacts as a communication opportunity. The store-carry-forward paradigm allows nodes to exploit spatio-temporal paths created by contact opportunities in order to deliver messages over time. Instead we raise the question: can we design a mobile and opportunistic infrastructure that could help deliver messages? In the quest to provide such infrastructure, we study the application of temporal random walks (TRW) over the opportunistic networks. We explore the application and impact of TRW as a minimal and non invasive infrastructure from two points of view: data forwarding and data recollection/transmission
Nordmann, Patrice. "Etude de la transposition de is50 et de tn5 chez escherichia coli et d'un pathogene opportuniste, rhodococcus equi." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077086.
Full textHivert, Sylvie. "Comparaison de la virémie CMV, de l'antigénémie pp65 et du bDNA CMV 1. 0 pour évaluer la charge virale CMV chez 24 patients VIH+ dont 7 patients traités par Foscarnet." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P088.
Full textBernardin, Claire. "Effet d’un bassin de rétention des eaux pluviales en milieu urbain sur la diversité et la dangerosité de bactéries pathogènes opportunistes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1029.
Full textWater management has been associated during a long time with health concerns to prevent the spread of waterborne disease. Over time, the health aspect was replaced by environmental concerns. Nowadays, questions about the potential health risks due to water management structures are recurrent. In this work, we studied the behavior of a dry retention basin at the eastern part of Lyon, in particular the links between the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, the hydraulic behaviour and the trapping capacity of pollutants in the basin. For that purpose, we carried out 6 sampling campaigns during a year and a half. The samples were characterized at a physicochemical and microbiological level (A. caviae, P. aeruginosa, Nocardia, E. coli, coliforms, enterococci). The physicochemical characteristics found are comparable to those obtained in similar basins. The entire basin is regularly contaminated by bacteria followed (0 to 1.92E +07 CFU/g dm). Higher concentrations in summer and during rain periods were observed. Pearson correlation analysis revealed some rare links between the presence of bacteria and chemical pollutants, such as between P. aeruginosa and PAHs. A correlation between Nocardia and sedimentary characteristics (volatile organic content and mass density) was also observed. For the first time in France, further study on the genus Nocardia has permitted: to isolate N. cyriacigeorgica in the environment, to develop a qPCR (specific of this species) used in complex environments and to develop a quick test on nematode in order to identify the virulence of bacterial isolates in the NSC
Goumar, Abdelhak. "Clonage et caractérisation de gènes différentiellement exprimés chez la levure pathogène opportuniste Candida lusitaniae au cours de la pseudofilamentation." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P639.
Full textCandida lusitaniae is a saprophytic yeast that can behave as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. As others Candida species, this yeast is able to switch from unicellular yeast to pseudohyphae. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between pseudohyphal growth and virulence, and to clone genes differentially expressed during this morphogenetic transition. We first demonstrated that pseudohyphal growth was triggered and supported in vitro by nutriment factors depletion, mainly ammonium ions and glucose. A pseudohyphae-defective mutant was shown to have attenuated virulence in mice when compared to the wild-type. Histological studies of infected kidneys showed that pseudohyphal growth was not used for tissue colonization, and that avirulence was derived from impaired adherence properties, as confirmed by in vitro adherence tests. Using a suppressive subtractive hybridization method, we cloned and identified eight genes of the wild type strain surexpressed during pseudohyphal growth and four genes of the mutant strain surexpressed during unicellular growth. Most of the proteins identified during pseudohyphal growth were glycolytic and glyoxylic enzymes, suggesting the important role of energy-requirement during morphologic transition. A specific gene of the fungal kingdom, the elongation factor 3 of translation, has been also isolated. For the mutant, a high-affinity glucose transporter was isolated, suggesting that the strain was affected in the sensing of its nutritional environment. Two genes over-expressed during pseudohyphal form were cloned and characterized. MLS1, encoding a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, and TEF3 encoding elongation factor 3. Disruption of MLS1 resulted in delayed growth with non-fermentable carbon source, but had no detectable effect in pseudohyphal growth. On the other hand, our results demonstrated that expression of TEF3 was repressed under unicellular form and specifically induced during pseudohyphal form, which makes this gene a possible target for antifugal drug development
Millet, Nicolas. "Etude des familles de Glycoside-Hydrolases GH16, GH17 et GH55 dans la morphogénèse pariétale du pathogène opportuniste, Aspergillus fumigatus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC330.
Full textThe fungal cell wall is an outer and robust layer mainly composed of polysaccharides, which protects the fungal cell from its environment, mediates cell-cell interaction, and is responsible for the shape of the cell. The cell wall of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is essentially composed of ß(1,3)glucan which is synthesized at the plasma membrane by a transmembrane complex and then modified in the cell wall space by branching, cross-linking and degradating activities. The cell wall is a highly dynamic structure, which undergoes constant change during cell division, growth and morphogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of three glycoside-hydrolases families (GH16, GH17 and GH55) in cell wall remodeling of this fungal pathogen by different approaches. Transglycosidase and glucanase activities of respectively AfCrh5p and AsScw11p have been studied by using recombinant proteins and the first crystal structure of the Crh family have been resolved. Furthermore, complete deletion of each family's genes has been performed to study the biological function of these enzymes and highlighted a multi-faceted role of this glycosides-hydrolases in the morphogenesis of the filamentous fungus, A. fumigatus
Lamaury, Isabelle. "Moelle osseuse et infection VIH : aspects histopathologiques (à propos de 61 biopsies médullaires) : valeur contributive dans le diagnostic des affections opportunistes." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11187.
Full textBenayoune, Salim. "Mécanismes d'adaptation et de contrôle d'erreurs pour la transmission des flux vidéo H. 264/AVC sur le réseau UMTS/HSPDA." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132010.
Full textWith the incessant increase in the capacity of wireless networks and mobile terminals, all new internet services, mainly based on the transmission of video content and intended for fixed networks, have gained interest among wireless community. Unfortunately, the transmission of video content ever wireless links raises many problems to be solved. Indeed, the characteristics of the wireless link (variability of the bandwidth, delay and high loss rates) have a great impact on video quality received by the mobile terminal. In order to mitigate this impact, the new video standard H. 264/AVC provides a set of tools for robustness against errors. In this thesis, we first showed that, in order to increase the received video quality, some of these tools need to be coupled with the mechanisms offered by the networks layers. After that, we proposed two adaptive mechanisms for the transmission of H. 264/AVC streams over UMTS/HSPDA. The first mechanism, called CA-ARQ (Content-Aware Automatic Repeat reQuest), is a radio layer retransmission mechanism for UMTS. The second mechanism is an opportunistic flow control algorithm that regulates traffic between the RNC and Node B. This algorithm takes into consideration the quality of the radio channel in determining the number of packets to be transmitted from the RNC to Node B. In addition to these two mechanisms, we proposed an experimentation platform, which allowed us to assess the performance of the proposed mechanisms
Petitimbert, Didier. "Le patient sidéen à l'officine." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P073.
Full textCornu, Thierry. "Le profil protéique inflammatoire, nutritionnel et immunitaire lors des infections opportunistes au cours du SIDA." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P190.
Full textIshida, Chiharu. "Bad Apples, Bad Barrels, and the Structure of Marketing Channel Relationships: Analyses of the Propensity for Opportunism and Opportunistic Behaviors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27595.
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Casper, Thierry. "Les infections disséminées à amibes libres chez les sujets infectés par le VIH : à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11029.
Full textToor, Yasser. "Design and optimization of broadcast and MAC protocols for VANETs." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066697.
Full textThomas, Edouard. "Contribution à la prise de décision dynamique en maintenance prévisionnelle par formalisation d'un principe d'opportunité." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420000.
Full textCes nouvelles formes de maintenance posent de nombreux défis scientifiques et industriels, dont certains sont étudiés dans les présents travaux : Quel est le " meilleur " instant pour réaliser une intervention de maintenance préventive donnée ? Comment regrouper deux actions de maintenance préventive ? Qu'est-ce qu'une opportunité pour la maintenance ?
Les réponses à ces questions mobilisent des outils mathématiques variés, allant de l'algorithme de Bruss en analyse stochastique aux relations d'équivalence en algèbre.
Enfin, une application industrielle sur la plateforme TELMA est présentée.
Meyer, Laurence. "Délétion CCR5-delta 32 et progression de la maladie VIH-1." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T021.
Full textThe role of the Δ32 deletion on the gene coding for the CCR5 receptor for beta chemokines on HIV-1 disease progression was studied in HIV-infected patients followed in several prospective multicenter cohorts. Around 17% of patients with a known date of infection from the SEROCO cohort were heterozygous for the deletion : these patients progressed less rapidly since infection to AlDS or death than the other patients. Ln a collaborative study with the Amsterdam cohort study, this protective effect was observed independently of two other mutations on genes coding for the CCR2 receptor and the SDF-1 ligand. Early serum viral load was 0. 25 log lower in Δ32 heterozygous patients than in wild-type patients; this lower viral load explained partiy. The protective effect of the deletion in the Cox multivariate analysis. This study allowed us to describe an HIV-infected subject who was homozygous for the deletion, which confirms that homozygous patients are not totally protected from HIV infection. The relationship between the Δ32 deletion and the occurrence of several opportunistic infections was studied in 1657 patients followed in the SEROCO, HEMOCO and SEROGEST cohorts. The risk of toxoplasmosis as a first AIDS-defining illness since inclusion was significantly reduced in heterozygous patients, even after adjustment for age, CD4 cell count and primary specifie prophylaxis. Since most patients who are still followed in these cohorts are now treated by highly active antiretroviral therapy, we are going to study whether the deletion affects the response treatment. The relationship between pathophysiology of primary HIV-1 infection and the Δ32 deletion will be studied in the PRIMO cohort which has recruited since 1996 recently infected patients
Bruhman, Jean-Claude. "Toxoplasmose opportuniste chez les greffés cardiaques : analyse des données biologiques et cliniques à propos des 15 premiers cas de transplantation cardiaque au CHU de Strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M235.
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