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1

Cowman, Steven, Robert Wilson, and Michael R. Loebinger. "Opportunistic mycobacterial diseases." Medicine 40, no. 6 (2012): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2012.03.008.

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2

Cowman, Steven, Robert Wilson, and Michael R. Loebinger. "Opportunistic mycobacterial diseases." Medicine 44, no. 6 (2016): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.03.010.

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3

Meghji, Jamilah, and Onn Min Kon. "Opportunistic mycobacterial diseases." Medicine 48, no. 6 (2020): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.03.004.

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4

Banker, Alay S., Rohan Chauhan, and Deepa A. Banker. "HIV and opportunistic eye diseases." Expert Review of Ophthalmology 4, no. 2 (2009): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eop.09.10.

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5

Gulneva, M. Yu, S. M. Noskov, and E. V. Malafeeva. "OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Rheumatology Science and Practice 54, no. 1 (2016): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2016-100-104.

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6

Hegelund, Maria H., Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, and Ib C. Bygbjerg. "Prevention of opportunistic non-communicable diseases." International Health 12, no. 1 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz011.

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Abstract As strategies targeting undernutrition and infections become increasingly successful in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a second challenge has appeared, namely premature onset of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In LMICs, NCDs are often related to exposure to undernutrition and infections. As NCDs strike societies and individuals with impaired resistance or a deficient health (care) state, why not label such diseases ‘opportunistic’, in analogy with opportunistic infections attacking individuals with HIV? We propose the concept of opportunistic NCDs, hoping that fighting ag
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7

Bulieva, N. B. "LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES COMPLICATED BY OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 21, no. 4 (2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj2013457-64.

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8

Sarsekeyeva, Nazgul Y. "Opportunistic Diseases in Hiv-Infected Patients." European Journal of Medicine 7, no. 1 (2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/ejm.2015.7.34.

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9

Seyedmousavi, S., J. Guillot, and G. S. de Hoog. "Phaeohyphomycoses, Emerging Opportunistic Diseases in Animals." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 26, no. 1 (2013): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00065-12.

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SUMMARYEmerging fungal diseases due to black yeasts and relatives in domestic or wild animals and in invertebrates or cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates are continually being reported, either as novel pathogens or as familiar pathogens affecting new species of hosts. Different epidemiological situations can be distinguished, i.e., occurrence as single infections or as zoonoses, and infection may occur sporadically in otherwise healthy hosts. Such infections are found mostly in mammals but also in cold-blooded animals, are frequently subcutaneous or cerebral, and bear much similarity to human p
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10

Anglaret, Xavier, and Serge P. Eholie. "Severe bacterial infections: overlooked opportunistic diseases." Lancet HIV 4, no. 3 (2017): e94-e95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(16)30213-2.

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11

Thomas, Dia-Jeanette. "Mycobacterial Diseases in HIV-Positive Patients." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (2006): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190005284100.

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Mycobacterial infections comprise the largest group of opportunistic infections in the HIV-infected population. The incidence of these and other opportunistic infections has declined significantly since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Mortality from these illnesses has decreased as optimal combinations of antibiotics were discovered. Despite these facts, mycobacterial infections still pose a major threat to AIDS patients, particularly in underserved populations. The most common mycobacterial infections found in HIV-infected individuals are Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
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12

Powderly, William G. "Opportunistic infections." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (1996): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199602000-00006.

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13

Armstrong, Donald. "Problems in Management of Opportunistic Fungal Diseases." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_7 (1989): S1591—S1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_7.s1591.

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14

Jamilloux, Yvan, Dominique Valeyre, Olivier Lortholary, et al. "The spectrum of opportunistic diseases complicating sarcoidosis." Autoimmunity Reviews 14, no. 1 (2015): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.006.

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15

Kavita, Chahal, and Chaurasia Anand. "Bacteria Emerging As an Opportunistic Pathogen." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 04, no. 05 (2021): 401–7. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i5-12.

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Abstract : Due to the re-emergence of infectious diseases, the causative pathogenic microorganisms are becoming the major microbiologic public health threat. It seems to be difficult to control the emergence of new and severe bacterial diseases. However, efforts are continuously being made to identify the main cause to prevent the uncontrolled spread of emerging diseases. This review focuses on emerging bacterial diseases and their causative bacteria and the pathway of pathogenesis.
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16

Marvá, Marcos, Rafael Bravo de la Parra, and Ezio Venturino. "Modelling the role of opportunistic diseases in coinfection." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 13, no. 3 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2018034.

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In this paper, we formulate a model for evaluating the effects of an opportunistic disease affecting only those individuals already infected by a primary disease. The opportunistic disease act on a faster time scale and it is represented by an SIS epidemic model with frequency-dependent transmission. The primary disease is governed by an SIS epidemic model with density-dependent transmission, and we consider two different recovery cases. The first one assumes a constant recovery rate whereas the second one takes into account limited treatment resources by means of a saturating treatment rate.
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17

Shkarin, V. V., and N. V. Saperkin. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 93, no. 3 (2017): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2017-93-3-21-31.

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The review touches upon a problem of coinfection caused by several important fungal infections (aspergillus, candida, pneumocystis, cryptococcus) and infectious or parasitic diseases. The authors also investigate epidemiologic determinants of such clinical forms of pathologic process. There are a lot of scientific gaps in the studying coinfections concerning mycosis and other infections. Physicians and infection control practitioners sometimes reveal such cases therefore complex characteristics of the coinfections is required.
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18

Tabassum Khan, Nida. "Pseudomonas stutzeri-an opportunistic pathogen." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 9, no. 3 (2022): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2022.09.00289.

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Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been accounted for as a causative specialist of certain diseases. It has been accounted as a cause of pneumonia, meningitis, visual disease, osteomyelitis and joint diseases. Thus, this species could be considered an opportunistic but rare pathogen. In addition, possess an extensive variety of resistance mechanisms against diverse group of antibiotics
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19

Miceli, Marisa H., José A. Díaz, and Samuel A. Lee. "Emerging opportunistic yeast infections." Lancet Infectious Diseases 11, no. 2 (2011): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70218-8.

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20

TANAKA, YOSHIYA. "Opportunistic infections and countermeasure in connective tissue diseases." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 93, no. 8 (2004): 1654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.93.1654.

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21

Teixeira Júnior, Antônio Lúcio, Vandack Nobre, and José Roberto Lambertucci. "Respiratory failure due to opportunistic diseases in AIDS." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 35, no. 4 (2002): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822002000400021.

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22

Buchta, V., and M. Otčenášek. "Geotrichum candidum - an Opportunistic Agent of Mycotic Diseases." Mycoses 31, no. 7 (2009): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1988.tb04432.x.

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23

Feinberg, Judith, and Daniel F. Hoth. "Current Status of HIV Therapy: II. Opportunistic Diseases." Hospital Practice 26, no. 3 (1991): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1991.11707716.

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24

Zumla, A., and S. L. Croft. "Chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS." Parasitology 105, S1 (1992): S93—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075405.

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SUMMARYParasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the HIV epidemic. Available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) suggests a predominance of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. For reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as Plasmodium falciparum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba histolytica, where cell-mediated immune responses are also thought to be significant, do not appear
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25

Schuster, Frederick L., and Govinda S. Visvesvara. "Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals." International Journal for Parasitology 34, no. 9 (2004): 1001–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.06.004.

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26

Tantisiriwat, Woraphot, and William G. Powderly. "PROPHYLAXIS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 14, no. 4 (2000): 929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70140-9.

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27

Forlenza, Susan W. "Capnocytophaga: An opportunistic pathogen." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 7, no. 3 (1985): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(85)80001-5.

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28

Battegay, Manuel, Ursula Fluckiger, Bernard Hirschel, and Hansjakob Furrer. "Late Presentation of HIV-Infected Individuals." Antiviral Therapy 12, no. 6 (2007): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350701200612.

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Late presentation remains a major concern despite the dramatically improved prognosis realized by ART. We define a first presentation for HIV care during the course of HIV infection as ‘late’ if an AIDS-defining opportunistic disease is apparent, or if CD4+ T-cells are <200/μl. In the Western world, approximately 10 and 30% of HIV-infected individuals still present with CD4+ T-cells <50 and <200/μl, respectively; estimates are substantially higher for developing countries. Diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic diseases and intense supportive in-hospital care take precedence over AR
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29

Ishihara, Kazuyuki, Kiyosi Mukai, and Chieko Kitagawa. "Opportunistic Infections in Cancer Patients." Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 33, no. 2 (1992): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3314/jjmm.33.89.

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30

PICARDDAHAN, C. "Opportunistic infections - The warning signs." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)94670-0.

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31

Marvá, Marcos, Ezio Venturino, and Rafael Bravo de la Parra. "A Time Scales Approach to Coinfection by Opportunistic Diseases." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/275485.

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Traditional biomedical approaches treat diseases in isolation, but the importance of synergistic disease interactions is now recognized. As a first step we present and analyze a simple coinfection model for two diseases simultaneously affecting a population. The host population is affected by theprimary disease, a long-term infection whose dynamics is described by a SIS model with demography, which facilitates individuals acquiring a second disease,secondary(or opportunistic)disease. The secondary disease is instead a short-term infection affecting only the primary infected individuals. Its dy
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32

Henderson, David K. "Opportunists and Opportunities: The 2010 SHEA Lecture." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, S1 (2010): S66—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655983.

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My experience as a hospital epidemiologist at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center has underscored the importance of aggressively managing infection with opportunistic pathogens and of taking advantage of opportunities as they arise (most often as crises). I review selected aspects of my career and use these as examples of the opportunists and opportunities now facing healthcare epidemiology.
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33

Jumanazarkizi, Jumanazarova Mokhinur, and Abduqakhorov Azizjon Ibragimjonogli. "Opportunistic diseases of the nervous system in hiv infection." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 6 (2021): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01673.6.

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34

Marra, Christina, and Emily Ho. "Central Nervous System Diseases due to Opportunistic and Coinfections." Seminars in Neurology 34, no. 01 (2014): 061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1372343.

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35

Lichtenstein, Kenneth A. "Antiretroviral treatment interruptions and risk of non-opportunistic diseases." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6, no. 2 (2009): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-009-0012-1.

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36

Office, Editorial. "Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 8, no. 2 (2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v8i2.626.

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37

Sarker, Sudeshna, Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham, and Avijit Patra. "Prevalence of diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. and other opportunistic bacteria in carps of sewage-fed farms in West Bengal, India." Journal of Fisheries 7, no. 1 (2019): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.7.

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India is the second largest fish producing nation after China, contributing about 5.68% of the global fish production. The state West Bengal is occupying the second position in freshwater fish production after Andhra Pradesh. Although a number of constraints have been put forth, diseases and poor farm management are some of the most noticeable reasons for the reduced fish production in West Bengal. This study reports the prevalence of diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. and other opportunistic bacteria in carps of sewage-fed farms in West Bengal. The bacteriological examination of the disea
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38

Ermak, T. N., A. V. Kravtchenko, V. I. Shakhgildyan, A. B. Peregudova, M. D. Goliusova, and M. S. Yadrikhinskaya. "Development of opportunistic lesions in patients with HIV infection in the absence of pronounced immunodeficiency." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 11 (2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890114-12.

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Research objective. Statistical data concerning patients with opportunistic infections depending on parameters of immunity and the description of a number of clinical cases of development of opportunistic lesions in patients with HIV infection in the absence of the expressed immunodeficiency. Materials and methods. Medical records of the patients with HIV infection hospitalized in 2012-2015 in the Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital No. 2 of Moscow, and the clinical cases of patients with development of opportunistic lesions with satisfactory indicators of the immune status. Results. The dis
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39

Matlow, A. G., and A. R. Rachlis. "Opportunistic Infections in "Normal Hosts"." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, no. 1 (1989): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.1.152.

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40

Kumar, Rebecca, and Michael G. Ison. "Opportunistic Infections in Transplant Patients." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 33, no. 4 (2019): 1143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2019.05.008.

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41

Beeching, NJ, R. Jones, and B. Gazzard. "4 Gastrointestinal opportunistic infections." HIV Medicine 12 (August 18, 2011): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00944_5.x.

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42

Powderly, William G. "Multiple opportunistic infection prophylaxis." AIDS 10, Supplement (1996): S165–172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199601001-00023.

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43

Feinberg, Judith, and John Mills. "Treatment of opportunistic infections." AIDS 4, Supp 1 (1990): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199001001-00034.

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44

Feinberg, Judith, Catherine Leport, and Peter Reiss. "Update on opportunistic infections." AIDS 5, Supplement (1991): 159–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199101001-00028.

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45

Katlama, Christine, and Gordon M. Dickinson. "Update on opportunistic infections." AIDS 7 (January 1992): S185—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199201001-00024.

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46

Katlama, Christine, and Gordon M. Dickinson. "Update on opportunistic infections." AIDS 7 (January 1993): S185—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199301001-00024.

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47

Kozhevnikova, G. M., S. L. Voznesenskiy, T. N. Ermak, E. V. Petrova, V. P. Golub, and I. V. Barysheva. "Opportunistic diseases in patients with HIV infection in the intensive care unit." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 11 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890114-17.

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The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic diseases and comorbidities in patients admitted in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. A specialized intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with severe HIV infection was set up in 2014 at the infectious diseases 2nd state hospital Moscow. It provides intensive care and treatments for HIV patients with severe co-morbidities and opportunistic infections. Retrospective analysis of medical records from 2014-2016 was carried out. Also carried out was a comparative study of the most common presentation of s
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48

Mysorekar, Vijaya V., Mahesh Eshwarappa, and Umesh Lingaraj. "Opportunistic infections in a renal transplant recipient." Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 1 (2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.3744.

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With the present progress in transplantation procedures, there is an improvement in patient and allograft survival. However, the immunosuppression necessary to sustain the allograft predisposes these transplant recipients to infection, which is now a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We describe a case of a 30-year-old renal transplant recipient with two opportunistic infections, namely, primary cutaneous aspergillosis and intestinal tuberculosis, with terminal enterococcal pleuritis and peritonitis. Control of the degree of immunosuppression, and prompt recognition and treatment o
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49

Singh, Nina, and John R. Perfect. "Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses." Lancet Infectious Diseases 7, no. 6 (2007): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70085-3.

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50

Aleshina, Y. E., R. M. Rychshanova, A. Yu Nechaev, A. G. Zhabykpaeva, A. M. Mendybayeva, and G. K. Alieva. "Clinical status in viral diseases of dogs complicated by associations of opportunistic microorganisms." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: Veterinary sciences, no. 5(009) (March 31, 2025): 38–47. https://doi.org/10.51452/kazatuvc.2025.5(009).1854.

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Background and Aim. Infectious pathologies are prevalent among canines, with the majority being of viral etiology. The most notable examples include carnivore plague and adenovirus infection. A distinctive attribute of viral infections is their tendency to occur in clusters, whereas monoinfections are observed with a lower frequency. Clinically, high mortality rates are frequently observed in viral diseases, often due to the development of secondary infections that complicate the course of the primary disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical manifestations (s
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