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Journal articles on the topic 'Opportunistic human infections'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pratikto, Bella C., and Ketut Suryana. "Association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and viral load with opportunistic pulmonary infections in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 10, no. 8 (2023): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232205.

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Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome of an opportunistic infectious disease due to decreased immune system by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and viral load were used to assess inflammatory status and the amount of HIV virus in the blood. This study aims to determine the association between NLR and viral load in HIV/AIDS patients with the opportunistic pulmonary infections. Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through the medical records of HIV/AIDS

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Agnihotri, Shruti P. "Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections." Seminars in Neurology 39, no. 03 (2019): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1687842.

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AbstractOpportunistic infections of the central nervous system are classically associated with immunosuppression arising from infection with human immunodeficiency virus and with various hematologic malignancies. However, over the past few years, they are increasingly associated with transplantation and various immunosuppressive treatments used to treat autoimmune diseases. They cause significant morbidity and mortality and remain a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of typical signs and symptoms of infection and mimicry by various noninfectious causes. The pathogens associated with these

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Tanaka, Toshiki, Toshio Sekioka, Masakatsu Usui, and Shinsaku Imashuku. "Opportunistic Infections in Patients with HTLV-1 Infection." Case Reports in Hematology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/943867.

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As an acquired immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is primarily responsible for opportunistic infections in infected patients. However, opportunistic infections also occur in individuals with human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Here, we report opportunistic infections in two Japanese HTLV-1-seropositive patients. The first patient was a 67-year-old male, who had cytomegalovirus infection associated with esophagogastritis and terminal ileitis. The patient was HTLV-1-positive and was diagnosed with smoldering adult T cell leukemia (ATL). High le

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Shcherbina, A. Yu. "SIGNIFICANCE OF CONGENITAL IMMUNITY DEFECTS IN THE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 2 (2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-2-8-11.

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Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are conditions caused by genetic defects in the immune system. Their main manifestation is an infectious syndrome (recurrent severe infections caused by common pathogens, with gross defects in immunity). However, as the PID study progressed, descriptions of patients with hypersensitivity to rare and opportunistic infections, mycobacterioses, including BCG infection, with severe/atypical course of common viral infections, including COVID-19, emerged. Due to the inability of the immune system of patients to control the oncogenic potential of various viruses, with

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Slavik, Tomas. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Southern Africa Perspective With Review of the Literature (Part 1: Infections)." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 3 (2012): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0332-ra.

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Context.—Human immunodeficiency virus infection is rife in sub-Saharan Africa and in southern Africa in particular. Despite the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy in this region, opportunistic infections remain common and frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract. Objective.—To review the histopathologic findings and distinguishing features of human immunodeficiency virus–associated gastrointestinal infections in southern Africa and relate those findings to the documented international literature. Data Sources.—The available literature on this topic was reviewed and suppleme

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Shkarin, Vyacheslav V., Nikolai V. Saperkin, and Olga V. Kovalishena. "Role of opportunistic infections in the formation of complex comorbidity." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 24, no. 5-6 (2019): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid34807.

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This review presents critical insights into the clinical and epidemiological aspects of participation of various causative agents of opportunistic infections in the formation of complex comorbidity in humans. Clinical and epidemiological aspects are important components of complex comorbidity due to wide occurrence, causing negative impact on human health and population reproduction. The data on the relative incidence of mono- and concurrent-infections are heterogeneous. The causative agents of opportunistic infections can persist in the human body, cause latent endogenous infections, and enga

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Osinska, T. V. "PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS." Dermatology and Venerology, no. 1-2 (2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33743/2308-1066-2022-1-2-17-20.

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The affinity of sources of infection, dominance of sexual transmission, as well as the contingent of persons at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human papilloma virus (HPV), determines the possibility of simultaneous infection with pathogens of these diseases. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of highly oncogenic (HO) types of human papilloma virus among sick women with sexually transmitted infections and opportunistic flora (UTI). Materials and methods. The frequency of detection of highly oncogenic human papillomavirus types and their genotypes was assessed i

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Yadav, Nishita, and Karan Bhargav. "Orbital Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 9, no. 2 (2025): 117–22. https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v9i2.3081.

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Background: Orbital infections in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are more aggressive, often involve opportunistic pathogens, and pose a significant risk of vision loss and systemic complications. Advanced immunosuppression, particularly low CD4 counts, increases the risk and severity of these infections. Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, microbial etiology, and treatment outcomes of orbital infections in HIV-positive patients. Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted over one year at a tertiary care center in Himachal Pradesh, India.

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Henderson, Duncan, Hugh P. Sims-Williams, Thomas Wilhelm, Helen Sims-Williams, Sanjay Bhagani, and Lewis Thorne. "Neurosurgery and human immunodeficiency virus in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: a review." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 3 (2017): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.1.jns151194.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem. It renders the central nervous system susceptible to infectious and noninfectious diseases. HIV-positive individuals may present to neurosurgical services with brain lesions of unknown etiology. The differential diagnosis in these cases is broad, including opportunistic infections and malignancies, and investigation should be tailored accordingly. Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system can be complicated by hydrocephalus, and the management is pathogen dependent. Patients may also present to a neurosurgical service

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10

Dunn, James P., and Gary N. Holland. "HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND OPPORTUNISTIC OCULAR INFECTIONS." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 6, no. 4 (1992): 909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30490-6.

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11

Munaf, Rizal Abdul, Tambar Kembaren, and Restuti Hidayani S. "HIV/AIDS Patients’ Survival Rate between One Co-infection and More Than One Opportunistic Co-infection at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2015-2017." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 12 (2021): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211255.

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Background: AIDS is a collection of disease symptoms caused by HIV that damages the human immune system. Decreased immunity causes the patient to be very susceptible to various, often fatal, infectious diseases (opportunistic infections). Aim: To determine the difference in HIV/AIDS patients' survival rate between one co-infection and more than one opportunistic co-infection at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2015-2017. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analytic study using secondary data from medical records of HIV patients from January 2015-December 2017. The samples were 34 HIV/AIDS

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Nocera, Francesca Paola, Anna-Rita Attili, and Luisa De Martino. "Acinetobacter baumannii: Its Clinical Significance in Human and Veterinary Medicine." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020127.

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, causing severe infections difficult to treat. The A. baumannii infection rate has increased year by year in human medicine and it is also considered as a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. This bacterium, also well known for its ability to form biofilms, has a strong environmental adaptability and the characteristics of multi-drug resistance. Indeed, strains showing fully resistant profiles represent a worrisome problem in clinical therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, A. baumannii-associated veterinary nosocomial i

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Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi, and Priya Homa Chukwu. "Risk of Opportunistic Infections in Sickle Cell Patients with HIV: A Review." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 11, no. 2 (2025): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v11i2.144.

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both associated with significant immune dysregulation, making co-infected individuals highly susceptible to opportunistic infections (OIs). SCD leads to functional asplenia, chronic inflammation, and impaired immune responses, while HIV progressively weakens the immune system through CD4+ T-cell depletion. The interaction between these two conditions exacerbates immune dysfunction, increasing the risk of severe and recurrent infections. Opportunistic infections in SCD-HIV co-infected patients include bacterial pathogens like

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Widiyanti, Mirna, and Hotma Hutapea. "Hubungan Jumlah Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) dengan Infeksi Oportunistik Pada Pasien HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) DOK II Jayapura." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 7, no. 1 (2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.427.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks and weakens the immune system. HIV infection causes a decrease in the number of Cluster Differentiation 4 (CD4) thereby increasing the progression of the disease and lead to high risk of opportunistic infections (OI). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between CD4 cell count with opportunistic infections in patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Analytical research methods using cross-sectional design, by taking medical records. The population in this study were 67 patients with HIV/AIDS in the VCT Clinic Dok II H

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Tugizov, S. M., J. Y. Webster-Cyriaque, S. Syrianen, et al. "Mechanisms of Viral Infections Associated with HIV." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (2011): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511400076.

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HIV infection is commonly associated with activation and dissemination of several other viral pathogens, including herpes simplex virus 1/2, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 8, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella Zoster virus, and human papillomavirus, which behave as opportunistic agents and cause various diseases in immunocompromised hosts. The increased frequency and severity of diseases caused by these viruses in HIV-infected individuals is due mainly to dysfunction of both the adaptive and innate immune responses to viral pathogens. In addition, molecular interactions between HIV and th

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Tripathi, Surya, Ishan Patro, Anita Mahadevan, Nisha Patro, Mariamma Phillip, and Susarla Krishna Shankar. "Glial alterations in tuberculous and cryptococcal meningitis and their relation to HIV co-infection – A study on human brains." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 11 (2014): 1421–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3894.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis and cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system are common AIDS-associated opportunistic infections in tropical underdeveloped and developing countries. To date, research on these infections has focused on clinical, imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and animal models to elucidate the pathogenesis. There is paucity of information on astroglial and microglial alterations in the human nervous system following these infections. Methodology: The pathomorphologic and morphometric alterations of astroglia and microglia in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in cases

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Bhavsar, Jill S., Lekhini K. Fultariya, Poojan J. Prajapati, Archi K. Dhamelia, and Jaime E. Campos. "Cytomegalovirus Transverse Myelitis Secondary to Influenza Infection and Early Recovery: A Case Report." Infectious Diseases & Immunity 4, no. 1 (2024): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/id9.0000000000000106.

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Abstract Immunosuppression can lead to opportunistic infections in a host. The evidence of viral infections causing immunosuppression in a host for a transient period is gaining attention. In order to prolong their stay in the human body, viruses affect the human immune system in various ways. Common viral infections such as influenza can lead to transient lymphocytopenia, which lays the groundwork for more dangerous opportunistic infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a rare cause of inflammatory myelopathy. We present the case of a patient with an influenza infection who progressed t

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Kovacs, Joseph A., and Henry Masur. "Prophylaxis against Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 19 (2000): 1416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200005113421907.

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19

Perez-Alba, E., I. A. Ortiz-Meza, L. Á. Ceceñas-Falcón, and A. Camacho-Ortiz. "Multiple opportunistic infections in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 26, no. 1 (2020): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.021.

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20

Concha, Mauricio, and Alejandro Rabinstein. "Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV-1 Infection." CNS Spectrums 5, no. 4 (2000): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013110.

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AbstractNeurologic disease is commonly encountered in the population infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although HIV-1 is responsible for many of these neurologic complications, other organisms will affect the nervous system as the immune deficiency state progresses. With the wide use of potent antiretroviral therapy, the mortality from and incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons with advanced HIV-1 infection has decreased. Nevertheless, these diseases are still seen frequently, especially among those with limited access to new antiretroviral therapies

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Seyedmousavi, S., J. Guillot, and G. S. de Hoog. "Phaeohyphomycoses, Emerging Opportunistic Diseases in Animals." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 26, no. 1 (2013): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00065-12.

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SUMMARYEmerging fungal diseases due to black yeasts and relatives in domestic or wild animals and in invertebrates or cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates are continually being reported, either as novel pathogens or as familiar pathogens affecting new species of hosts. Different epidemiological situations can be distinguished, i.e., occurrence as single infections or as zoonoses, and infection may occur sporadically in otherwise healthy hosts. Such infections are found mostly in mammals but also in cold-blooded animals, are frequently subcutaneous or cerebral, and bear much similarity to human p

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Al Anazi, AwadhR. "Gastrointestinal opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus disease." Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology 15, no. 2 (2009): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.48965.

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Curry, A. "OPPORTUNISTIC PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS DISEASE." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 10, no. 8 (1991): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199108000-00026.

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de Bentzmann, Sophie, and Patrick Plésiat. "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa opportunistic pathogen and human infections." Environmental Microbiology 13, no. 7 (2011): 1655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02469.x.

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Mitra, Amal K., Charles D. Hernandez, Charlene A. Hernandez, and Zubair Siddiq. "Management of diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients." International Journal of STD & AIDS 12, no. 10 (2001): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462011923840.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can weaken the immune system causing its inability to combat opportunistic infections. Managing the complexity of these opportunistic infections has created a challenge for healthcare professionals. Our knowledge on the aetiological agents causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts has increased over the last decade. Diarrhoeal diseases are frequent complications associated with HIV-infected patients. For most of the causes of diarrhoea, the clinical signs are non-specific, and the laboratory diagnostic workup is neither easy nor fa

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Fatimatuzzahra, Dinda Sayyidah Laela, Ahmad Rizal Ganiem, Aih Cahyani, Suryani Gunadharma, and Sofiati Dian. "Prevalence of Opportunistic Infection in Central Nervous System among Patients with HIV/AIDS at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia." Althea Medical Journal 9, no. 2 (2022): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v9n2.2298.

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Background: The low coverage of diagnosis and treatment in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Indonesia increases the risk of opportunistic infections that affects various organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of opportunistic infections in the CNS among hospitalized patients with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a total sampling method, data were collected from HIV/AIDS patients who were diagno

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Demarchi, Izabel Galhardo, Daniela Maira Cardozo, Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides, et al. "Activity of antiretroviral drugs in human infections by opportunistic agents." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, no. 1 (2012): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502012000100019.

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used in patients infected with HIV. This treatment has been shown to significantly decrease opportunist infections such as those caused by viruses, fungi and particularly, protozoa. The use of HAART in HIV-positive persons is associated with immune reconstitution as well as decreased prevalence of oral candidiasis and candidal carriage. Antiretroviral therapy benefits patients who are co-infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus

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Groopman, J. E., S. M. Hammer, S. E. Sallan, and J. D. Allan. "Human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection in previously immunocompromised hosts." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 4 (1986): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.4.540.

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The human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the primary etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III infection in patients with prior underlying immune deficiency states such as cancer has not yet been studied. We report on the occurrence of clinically atypical opportunistic infections in previously immunocompromised patients that resulted from transfusion-acquired HTLV-III infection. Development of unusual infectious diseases in patients with neoplasms and other underlying immune deficiency disorders should lead to consideration of HTLV-III infection. S

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Sherchan, JB, H. Ohara, S. Sakurada, et al. "Enteric Opportunistic Parasitic Infections Among HIVSeropositive Patients in Kathmandu, Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7336.

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Background Enteric opportunistic parasitic infections are the major source of diarrheal disease in developing countries mainly in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Objective The study was to detect enteric parasites causing diarrhea and their association with immune status in HIV-seropositive patients. Methods The present study was conducted in Dirgh-Jeevan Health Care Research Center and Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Public Health Research Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal between June 2010 and May 2011 involving 146 Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient

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Onal, Ugur, and Halis Akalin. "Opportunistic Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Patients in Turkey: A Systematic Review." Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology 5, no. 2 (2023): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2023.214.

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This study aimed to identify opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Turkey. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies published up to October 1, 2022, in the Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), and ULAKBİM TR Dizin databases. We searched for medical subject headings (MeSH) terms of (HIV) OR (AIDS) OR (human immunodeficiency virus) AND (opportunistic infections) AND (Turkey). Fifty-five studies in Pubmed, 68 in WoS, and 212 in ULAKBİM TR Dizin were listed with these keywords. After removing duplicated studies, we included 22

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Garg, RavindraKumar, Vimal Paliwal, Rohitash Sharma, Parthiv Desai, and AlokMohan Kar. "Multiple opportunistic infections in an unusual patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection." Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 10, no. 2 (2007): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.33219.

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Verma, Sameer Rajeev, and Vandana Sardana. "Ochrobactrum anthropi: An unusual opportunistic pathogen causing septicemia and Pneumonia." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, no. 4 (2022): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.068.

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is being increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen, causing severe infections mostly in debilitated or immunocompromised patients. It has been implicated in causing nosocomial infections, particularly in those with indwelling catheters, which can lead to catheter-related bloodstream infections. We report the constellation of clinical, microbiological and radiological ﬁndings of a case of septicemia and pneumonia caused by this unusual pathogen. Treatment of anthropi infection is challenging because of an unpredictable resistance to antibiotics. Correct identification and timel

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Elisanti, Alinea Dwi, and Efri Tri Ardianto. "Correlation Analysis Of HIV Stadium With Opportunistic Infection In Pregnant Women At Ibnu Sina General Hospital Gresik." Journal of Global Research in Public Health 3, no. 2 (2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jgrph.v3i2.56.

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HIV-AIDS is an infectious disease caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV can be transmitted through sex, blood transfusions, sharing needles and mother-to-child transmission (perinatal). Heterosexual risk factors were the highest, namely 82.8%, followed by homosexuals by 7.4% and perinatal by 4.0%. At Gresik Regency in 2016, was found that the number of HIV sufferers had increased by 29% from 2015. This study aimed to identify the relationship between HIV Stadium and Opportunistic Infection in Pregnant Women At Ibnu Sina General Hospital Gresik. This non-reactive resear

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Zumla, A., and S. L. Croft. "Chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS." Parasitology 105, S1 (1992): S93—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075405.

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SUMMARYParasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the HIV epidemic. Available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) suggests a predominance of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. For reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as Plasmodium falciparum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba histolytica, where cell-mediated immune responses are also thought to be significant, do not appear

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Ostrovskaya, O. V., E. B. Nagovitsyna, and M. A. Vlasova. "Intrauterine infection verification in neonatal mortality." Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, no. 81 (September 29, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-81-85-91.

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Aim. To verify contribution of intrauterine infections to early neonatal mortality, using autopsy and molecular genetic findings.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the premises of the Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection and the Pathology Department of the Khabarovsk Perinatal Center. An analysis was made of the data on medical history, pregnancy course and outcome, morphological placental study in seven cases of early neonatal death. Genomes of Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma species (Urea

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Olender, Alina, Agnieszka Bogut, and Agata Bańska. "The role of opportunistic Corynebacterium spp. in human infections." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 17, no. 2 (2019): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2019.2.9.

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Latgé, Jean-Paul, and Richard Calderone. "Host–microbe interactions: fungi invasive human fungal opportunistic infections." Current Opinion in Microbiology 5, no. 4 (2002): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00343-0.

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Cirjau, Elena, and Emilia Behta. "The role of cytomegalovirus in the development of opportunistic infections." Moldovan Medical Journal 62 (1) (March 15, 2019): 50–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2590026.

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<strong>Background:</strong> About one century ago, was found and described a new virus, which, due to its particular way of damaging cells, was called cytomegalovirus. Human is the only natural source of cytomegalovirus infection. The relevance is that it is a widespread pathology, and due to its ability to "disguise" in the human body, remains unnoticed until the “defect” appears in the body's immune system. It is especially dangerous for pregnant women, children and people with immunodeficiency. It is one of the most common infections that cause pathology in the fe

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Ihbibane, F., Z. Talibi Alaoui, A. Hassouni, et al. "OPPORTUNISTIC DIGESTIVE PARASITOSIS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN MOROCCO." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (2021): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13753.

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Introduction: Opportunistic intestinal parasites (OIP) are a major cause of diarrhea in patients with HIV infection. We carried out this study to assess the prevalence and characteristics of OIP in Marrakech. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study in a hospital environment was carried out in the infectious diseases department of Mohammed VI University Hospital, from January 2007 to October 2019. The diagnosis of OIP was made by parasitological examination of the stool, gastro panel intestinal FilmArrayÂ® multiplex PCR and / or histology. Result: Forty-eight patients with IOP were includ

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Schuster, Frederick L. "Cultivation of Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amebas." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 3 (2002): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.3.342-354.2002.

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SUMMARY Free-living amebas are widely distributed in soil and water, particularly members of the genera Acanthamoeba and Naegleria. Since the early 1960s, they have been recognized as opportunistic human pathogens, capable of causing infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Naegleria is the causal agent of a fulminant CNS condition, primary amebic meningoencephalitis; Acanthamoeba is responsible for a more chronic and insidious infection of the CNS termed granulomatous amebic encephalitis, as well as amebic keratitis. Balamuthia sp. ha

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Le, Xiaoqin, and Yinzhong Shen. "Advances in Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis." Viruses 16, no. 4 (2024): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040494.

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Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections and a prominent cause of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in spite of near-universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis preventive therapy. For patients with active tuberculosis but not yet receiving ART, starting ART after anti-tuberculosis treatment can complicate clinical management due to drug toxicities, drug–drug interactions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) events. The timing of ART initiation has a crucial impact on treatment outcomes, especiall

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Murtiani, Farida, Dian Wahyu Tanjungsari, Achmad Shidiq, et al. "Anemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Exploring the Interplay Between Antiretroviral Therapy, Opportunistic Infections, Iron Status, and Anemia." Public Health of Indonesia 10, no. 4 (2024): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.36685/phi.v10i4.848.

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Background:Anemia is a prevalent hematological complication among individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), contributing significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the intricate relationships between antiretroviral therapy (ART), opportunistic infections (OIs), iron metabolism, and anemia in HIV-positive patients in Indonesia. Objective:To elucidate the multifactorial associations among ART regimens, opportunistic infections, iron biochemical parameters, and anemia development in individuals living with HIV. Method:A cross-sectional epidemiological s

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Laksemi, D. A., L. T. Suwanti, M. Mufasirin, K. Suastika, and M. Sudarmaja. "Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.716-725.

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The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies h

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Dembelu, Maycas, Mesfin Kote, Girma Gilano, and Temesgen Mohammed. "Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic at public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0261454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261454.

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections (OIs) due to HIV mediated immune suppression. When opportunistic infections occur in the form of relapse or reinfection, it is said to be reoccurrence. This study was aimed to assess Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infections among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending ART clinics in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 450 HIV/AIDS patients attending anti-retro viral therapy (ART) clinics in Arba Minc

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Pribadi, Gracia Satyawestri, and A. B. Firman Cahyono. "Characteristics and Opportunistic Infections of AIDS Patients in East Java Province in 2018." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 9, no. 1 (2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v9i12021.96-104.

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Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a health problem in East Java. Opportunistic infections are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and opportunistic infections of AIDS patients in East Java Province, 2018. Methods: This study was conducted as observational descriptive research, and a survey was used as the research design. The research location was in East Java Provincial Health Office, and the study was carried out in August 2019.

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Al-Shaikhly, Taha, Frederick S. Buckner, Matthew C. Altman, Hans D. Ochs, and Andrew G. Ayars. "A 71-year-old man with recurrent pulmonary mycobacterial avium complex infections and lymphopenia." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 1 (2020): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.190003.

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Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections, generally viewed as opportunistic infections, often trigger an evaluation for an underlying immunodeficiency disorder. However, MAC infections can occur in patients who presumably are immunocompetent, particularly in those with an underlying structural lung disease. T-cell immunity plays a critical role in controlling MAC infection. We presented a case of lymphopenia, which complicated the clinical course of a pulmonary MAC infection in a patient who was negative for human immunodeficiency virus.

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Hill, A. Ross. "Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (1991): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/476503.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains uniquely important among acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated opportunistic infections: it presents the greatest public health hazard worldwide, is the most readily curable, and is largely preventable with existing means. Given the expanding pool of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive persons, particularly in developing nations whereMycobacterium tuberculosisremains a leading health problem, one can expect a continued rise in TB cases during the 1990s. Global efforts to eliminate TB are now inextricably entwined with the effectiveness of m

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Pandey, Richa, Amit Singh, Dharmendra Prasad Singh, Rajesh Kumar Verma, Manoj Kumar, and Deepak Kumar. "Scenario of mycobacterial and fungal infection in HIV seropositive patients and their co-relation with CD4 count in Western Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (2018): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182838.

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Background: HIV infection is defined by sero-conversion and the detection of HIV-specific antibodies. Emergence and pandemic spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is due to the exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A decrease in CD4 count is at least partially responsible for the profound immunodeficiency that leads to various OIs in HIV- infected persons. When the CD4 count falls below 200cells/µL, there is irreversible breakdown of immune defence mechanism and patient become prey to a variety of human opportunistic pathogens.HIV positive patients must receive infections scre

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Shahbaz, Anees, Sinha Kanishk, Yadav Jyoti, et al. "Incidence of Tuberculosis and Opportunistic Respiratory Infections in HIV Patients: A One-Year Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 7 (2024): 1706–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13824032.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a noteworthy global health challenge, with opportunistic infections (OIs) such as tuberculosis (TB) and other respiratory infections contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), these infections continue to pose significant risks, particularly in resource-limited settings. The study investigated the incidence of TB and opportunistic respiratory infections among HIV patients and to identify associated risk factors. <strong>Methods:</strong> A descrip

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Noor, Rashed, Md Morsalin, and Bidhan Chakraborty. "Reduction of CD4 count induces opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV)." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 3 (2014): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19151.

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Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus (member of the retrovirus family) causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), weakens the immune system of the body and hence associates different opportunistic infections. Present study undertook a survey on opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from both HIV carriers (CD4 count more than 250/mL of blood) and AIDS patients (CD4 count less than 250/mL of blood). Results: Analyses of the data revealed that diarrhoea, pulmonary tuberculosis, gland tuberculosis, skin lesions and fever were the common

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